By Saumya Vaishampayan 

U.S. stocks opened lower Wednesday, extending losses after the Dow Jones Industrial Average posted its first quarterly loss in a year.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 128 points, or 0.7%, to 17648. The S&P 500 shed 14 points, or 0.7%, to 2053, and the Nasdaq Composite lost 34 points, or 0.7%, to 4867.

Health-care stocks in the S&P 500 fell the most, down 1.3%. Energy stocks rose along with the price of oil, up 0.7%. Crude-oil futures added 0.8% to $48.00 a barrel.

A soft reading on private-sector employment in March added to the negative tone. Private payrolls rose by 189,000 in March, according to data compiled by payroll processor Automatic Data Processing Inc. and forecasting firm Moody's Analytics. Economists surveyed by The Wall Street Journal had expected an increase of 225,000 jobs. Later in the morning, readings on manufacturing and construction spending are due.

"There's definitely been some kind of negative impact from the weather" on the labor market," said Robert Pavlik, chief market strategist at Boston Private Wealth LLC. That's adding to concerns that Friday's employment report could miss expectations, though the recovery in the labor market remains healthy, he added. Economists surveyed by The Wall Street Journal expect employers added 248,000 jobs in March.

Stocks fell Tuesday, pulling the Dow industrials into negative territory for the first quarter. The S&P 500 eked out a quarterly gain of 0.4% and the Nasdaq gained 3.5% in the period, with both indexes notching their ninth quarter in a row of gains. Still, the S&P's first-quarter advance was the smallest in those nine quarters of gains amid soft U.S. economic performance at the start of the year and concerns about first-quarter earnings.

"Overall, the U.S. is in decent shape," said Laura LaRosa, director of portfolio management at Glenmede. "We will probably have positive returns this year, just not what we've seen in the last couple of years, " she added.

European stocks were bolstered by better-than-expected data that showed eurozone manufacturing activity in March grew at the fastest pace in 10 months. Germany's DAX gained 0.7% and France's CAC 40 rose 1%.

"The valuations in Europe are much more attractive right now," said Ms. LaRosa of Glenmede, adding that European stocks will likely outpace their U.S. counterparts this year.

The dollar took a breather, with the euro inching up to $1.0766 from $1.0735 on Tuesday.

In other markets, gold futures rose 1% to $1194.60 an ounce. Treasury prices rose, pushing the 10-year yield down to 1.889% from 1.930% on Tuesday.

In corporate news, Macerich Co. rejected Simon Property Group Inc.'s "best and final" bid, saying the offer undervalued the company. Simon subsequently withdrew its $16.8 billion offer. Macerich shares fell 4.8% and Simon shares slipped 0.4%.

Write to Saumya Vaishampayan at saumya.vaishampayan@wsj.com

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