As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on November 22, 2023
Registration
No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
______________________________________________
IMMUNIC, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its
charter)
Delaware |
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56-2358443 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1200 Avenue of the Americas
Suite 200
New York, NY 10036
(332) 255-9818
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code of registrant’s principal
executive offices)
________________________________________________
Daniel Vitt, Ph.D.
Immunic, Inc.
1200 Avenue of the Americas
Suite 200
New York, NY 10036
(332) 255-9818
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone
number,
including area code of agent for service)
With a copy to:
Ilan Katz, Esq.
Dentons US LLP
1221 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020-1089
Telephone: (212) 768-6700
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From
time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement, as the registrant shall determine.
If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered
on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection
with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number
of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration
statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction
I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the
Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement
filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule
413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated
filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated
filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer |
☐ |
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Accelerated filer |
☐ |
Non-accelerated filer |
☒ |
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Smaller reporting company |
☒ |
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Emerging growth company |
☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant
to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date
or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states
that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to
said Section 8(a), may determine.
Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act, the Registrant
is registering on this registration statement an aggregate of $163,100,000 of unsold securities (the “Unsold Securities”)
previously registered under the Registrant’s prior registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-250083) filed on November 13,
2020 and declared effective on November 24, 2020 (the “Prior Registration Statement”). Filing fees of $17,794.21 were previously
paid with respect to the Unsold Securities. Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(5) under the Securities Act, the Registrant intends to continue to
offer and sell the Unsold Securities under the Prior Registration Statement until the earlier of (i) the date on which this registration
statement is declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission, and (ii) May 22, 2024, which is 180 days after the third-year
anniversary of the effective date of the Prior Registration Statement (the “Expiration Date”). Until the Expiration Date,
the Registrant may continue to use the Prior Registration Statement and related prospectus supplements for its offerings thereunder. In
particular, the Registrant may continue to offer and sell under the Prior Registration Statement its shares of common stock in its at-the-market
offerings through Leerink Partners LLC as sales agent, which offerings shall remain registered under the Prior Registration Statement
using the prospectus supplements filed on December 29, 2020 and May 2, 2022 until the Expiration Date. The Prior Registration Statement
and all offers and sales thereunder will be deemed terminated on the Expiration Date, except to the extent covered by this registration
statement.
Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6), on or before the Expiration Date, the Registrant
may file a pre-effective amendment to this registration statement to update the amount of unsold securities previously registered by the
Prior Registration Statement being registered hereby, and continue to offer and sell such unsold securities under this registration statement,
including without limitation by continuing to conduct the at-the-market offerings referenced above. If applicable, such pre-effective
amendment shall identify such unsold securities to be included in this registration statement, and the amount of any new securities to
be registered on this registration statement.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and
may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is
effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer
or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED NOVEMBER
22, 2023.
PROSPECTUS
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Warrants
Units
$250,000,000
____________________________
From time to time, we may offer and sell up to $250,000,000 in the
aggregate of the securities identified above in one or more offerings. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the
securities.
Each time we offer and sell securities, we will provide a supplement
to this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and the amounts, prices and terms of the securities. The supplement
may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. You should carefully read this
prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement and all documents incorporated by reference herein, before you invest in any of our
securities.
We may offer and sell the securities described in this prospectus and
any prospectus supplement to or through one or more underwriters, dealers or agents, or directly to purchasers, or through a combination
of these methods. If any underwriters, dealers or agents are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their names and any applicable
purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between or among them will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information
set forth, in the applicable prospectus supplement. See the sections of this prospectus entitled “About this Prospectus” and
“Plan of Distribution” for more information. No securities may be sold without delivery of this prospectus and the applicable
prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of such securities.
INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES INVOLVES RISKS. SEE THE “RISK
FACTORS” SECTION ON PAGE 7 OF THIS PROSPECTUS AND ANY SIMILAR SECTION CONTAINED IN THE APPLICABLE PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND IN THE
OTHER DOCUMENTS THAT ARE INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE INTO THIS PROSPECTUS CONCERNING FACTORS YOU SHOULD CONSIDER BEFORE INVESTING IN OUR
SECURITIES.
Our common stock is quoted on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under
the trading symbol “IMUX.” Any common stock sold pursuant to this prospectus or any prospectus supplement will be listed on
that exchange, subject to official notice of issuance. Each prospectus supplement to this prospectus will contain information, where applicable,
as to any other listing on any national securities exchange of the securities covered by the prospectus supplement.
We may offer and sell the securities described in this prospectus on
an immediate, continuous or delayed basis. As of November 13, 2023, the aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held by
non-affiliates, pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, was approximately $42.8 million, which is based on 44,162,823 shares
of common stock held by non-affiliates as of such date and a price of $0.97 per share, the closing price of our common stock on November
13, 2023. Pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, so long as the aggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates
is less than $75 million, in no event will we sell securities registered on the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part
if during the 12 calendar months immediately prior to the date of any such sale we have sold securities pursuant to General Instruction
I.B.6 of Form S-3 with a value of more than one-third of the aggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates,. We have
not sold any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 during the 12 calendar months prior to, and including, the date
of this prospectus. This limitation shall not apply to the continued offer and sale of securities registered under our registration statement
on Form S-3 (File No. 333-250083) filed on November 13, 2020 and declared effective on November 24, 2020, which remain unsold, as more
fully described at the bottom of the cover page of the Registration Statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation
to the contrary is a criminal offense.
_______________________________________
The date of this prospectus is , 2023.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS |
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION |
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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE |
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THE COMPANY |
4 |
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RISK FACTORS |
7 |
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USE OF PROCEEDS |
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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK WE MAY OFFER |
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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER |
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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS WE MAY OFFER |
19 |
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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS WE MAY OFFER |
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GLOBAL SECURITIES |
22 |
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION |
26 |
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LEGAL MATTERS |
27 |
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EXPERTS |
27 |
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with
the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), using a “shelf” registration process. By using a shelf
registration statement, we may sell securities from time to time and in one or more offerings of securities as described in this prospectus.
Each time that we offer and sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information
about the securities being offered and sold and the specific terms of that offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses
to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus
may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. If there is any inconsistency between
the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, you should rely on the prospectus
supplement or free writing prospectus, as applicable. Before purchasing any securities, you should carefully read both this prospectus
and the applicable prospectus supplement (and any applicable free writing prospectuses), together with the additional information described
under the headings “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference.”
We have not authorized anyone to provide you with any information or
to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectuses
prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the
reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We will not make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction
where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus
supplement to this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on its respective cover, that the information appearing in any applicable
free writing prospectuses is accurate only as of the date of that free writing prospectus, and that any information incorporated by reference
is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, unless we indicate otherwise. Our business, financial condition,
results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. This prospectus, and any prospectus supplement or free writing
prospectus may contain and incorporate by reference, market data and industry statistics and forecasts that are based on independent industry
publications and other publicly available information. Although we believe these sources are reliable, we do not guarantee the accuracy
or completeness of this information and we have not independently verified this information. In addition, the market and industry data
and forecasts that may be included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or any applicable free writing
prospectuses may involve estimates, assumptions and other risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors,
including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement
and any applicable free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in other documents that are incorporated by reference into this
prospectus. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on this information.
When we refer to “we,” “our,” “us”
and the “Company” in this prospectus, we mean Immunic, Inc., unless otherwise specified. When we refer to “you,”
we mean the potential holders of the applicable securities.
This prospectus contains references to our trademarks and to trademarks
belonging to other entities, which are protected under applicable intellectual property laws. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade
names referred to in this prospectus, including logos, artwork and other visual displays, may appear without the ® or ™ symbols,
but such references are not intended to indicate that we or their respective owners will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable
law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensor to these trademarks and trade names. We do not intend our use or display of other
companies’ trade names or trademarks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any such companies.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and other reports, proxy statements and other
information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information about
issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov.
Our website address is www.imux.com. The information on, or that can
be accessed through, our website, however, is not, and should not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus.
This prospectus and any prospectus supplement are part of a registration
statement that we filed with the SEC and do not contain all of the information in the registration statement. The full registration statement
may be obtained from the SEC or us, as provided below. Forms of the indenture and other documents establishing the terms of the offered
securities are or may be filed as exhibits to the registration statement or documents incorporated by reference in the registration statement.
Statements in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries and each statement is qualified in all
respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should refer to the actual documents for a more complete description of
the relevant matters. You may obtain a copy of the registration statement through the SEC’s website, as provided above.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The SEC’s rules allow us to “incorporate by reference”
information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed
separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, and subsequent information
that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede that information. Any statement contained in this prospectus or a previously
filed document incorporated by reference will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that
a statement contained in this prospectus or a subsequently filed document incorporated by reference modifies or replaces that statement.
This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement incorporate
by reference the documents set forth below that have previously been filed with the SEC (but excluding any information in such documents
that has been furnished to, rather than filed with, the SEC):
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Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on February 23, 2023; |
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our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2023, as filed with the SEC on May 11, 2023, and June 30, 2023, as filed with the SEC on August 3, 2023, and September 30, 2023, as filed with the SEC on November 14, 2023; |
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our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January
20, 2023, February
9, 2023, April
5, 2023, April 27, 2023, May 4, 2023, June 30, 2023, October 10, 2023 and October 18, 2023; and |
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the description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on November 15, 2013 (File No. 333-191711), and all amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description. |
All reports and other documents we subsequently file pursuant to Section
13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), prior to the termination
of this offering, including all such documents we may file with the SEC after the date of the initial registration statement and prior
to the effectiveness of the registration statement, but excluding any information furnished to, rather than filed with, the SEC, will
also be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and deemed to be part of this prospectus from the date of the filing of such reports
and documents.
You may request a free copy of any of the documents incorporated by
reference in this prospectus by writing or telephoning us at the following address:
Immunic, Inc.
Attn: Corporate Secretary
1200 Avenue of the Americas, Suite 200
New York, New York 10036
(332) 255-9818
Exhibits to the filings will not be sent, however, unless those
exhibits have specifically been incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.
THE COMPANY
We are a biotechnology company developing a clinical pipeline of selective
oral immunology therapies focused on treating chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We are headquartered in New York City with
our main operations in Gräfelfing near Munich, Germany. We currently have approximately 80 employees.
We are pursuing clinical development of orally administered, small
molecule programs, each of which has unique features intended to directly address the unmet needs of patients with serious chronic inflammatory
and autoimmune diseases. These include the vidofludimus calcium (IMU-838) program, which is in Phase 3 clinical development for patients
with multiple sclerosis (“MS”) and which has shown therapeutic activity in Phase 2 clinical trials in patients suffering from
relapsing-remitting MS, progressive MS and moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (“UC”); the IMU-856 program, which is targeted
to regenerate bowel epithelium and restore intestinal barrier function, which could potentially be applicable in numerous gastrointestinal
diseases, such as celiac disease, UC, Crohn’s disease or irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea; and the IMU-381 program, which
is a next generation molecule being developed to specifically address the needs of gastrointestinal diseases.
The following table summarizes the potential indications, clinical
targets and clinical development status of our three product candidates:
Our most advanced drug candidate, vidofludimus calcium (IMU-838), is
being tested in several ongoing MS trials as part of its overall clinical program in order to support a potential approval for patients
with MS in major markets. The Phase 3 ENSURE program of vidofludimus calcium in relapsing multiple sclerosis (“RMS”), comprising
twin studies evaluating efficacy, safety, and tolerability of vidofludimus calcium versus placebo, and the supportive Phase 2 CALLIPER
trial of vidofludimus calcium in progressive multiple sclerosis (“PMS”) are ongoing. On October 9, 2023, we announced positive
interim data from the CALLIPER trial, showing biomarker evidence that vidofludimus calcium’s activity extends beyond the previously
observed anti-inflammatory effects, thereby further reinforcing its neuroprotective potential. Top-line data from the CALLIPER trial,
for which the recruitment of in total 467 patients was completed in August 2023, is expected to be available in April of 2025. Moreover,
we currently expect to report an interim futility analysis of the ENSURE program in late 2024 and to read-out the first of the ENSURE
trials at the end of 2025. Although we currently believe that each of these goals is achievable, they are each dependent on numerous factors,
most of which are not under our direct control and can be difficult to predict. We plan to periodically review this assessment and provide
updates of material changes as appropriate.
If approved, we believe that vidofludimus calcium, with combined anti-inflammatory,
antiviral, and neuroprotective effects, has the potential to be a unique treatment option targeted to the complex pathophysiology of MS.
Recently published preclinical data showed that vidofludimus calcium activates the neuroprotective transcription factor nuclear receptor
related 1 (“Nurr1”), which is associated with direct neuroprotective properties and may enhance the potential benefit for
patients. Additionally, vidofludimus calcium is a known inhibitor of the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (“DHODH”), which
is a key enzyme in the metabolism of overactive immune cells and virus-infected cells. This mechanism is associated with the anti-inflammatory
and antiviral effects of vidofludimus calcium. We believe that the combined mechanisms of vidofludimus calcium are unique in the MS space
and support the therapeutic performance shown in our Phase 2 EMPhASIS trial in relapsing-remitting MS patients, in particular, via data
illustrating the potential to reduce magnetic resonance imaging lesions, prevent relapses, reduce the rate of disability progression,
and reduce levels of serum neurofilament light chain (“NfL”), an important biomarker of neuronal death. Vidofludimus calcium
has shown in clinical trials reported to date a consistent pharmacokinetic, safety and tolerability profile and has already been exposed
to more than 1,400 human subjects and patients in either of the drug’s formulations.
IMU-856 is an orally available and systemically acting small molecule
modulator that targets Sirtuin 6 (“SIRT6”), a protein which serves as a transcriptional regulator of intestinal barrier function
and regeneration of bowel epithelium. Based on preclinical data, we believe this compound may represent a unique treatment approach, as
the mechanism of action targets the restoration of the intestinal barrier function and bowel wall architecture in patients suffering from
gastrointestinal diseases such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea and other intestinal
barrier function associated diseases. We believe that, because IMU-856 has been shown in preclinical investigations to avoid suppression
of immune cells, it may therefore have the potential to maintain immune surveillance for patients during therapy, which would be an important
advantage versus immunosuppressive medications and may allow the potential for combination with available treatments in gastroenterological
diseases.
Data from the final portion of a Phase 1 clinical trial in celiac disease
patients during periods of gluten-free diet and gluten challenge demonstrated positive effects for IMU-856 over placebo in four key dimensions
of celiac disease pathophysiology: protection of the gut architecture, improvement of patients’ symptoms, biomarker response, and
enhancement of nutrient absorption. IMU-856 was also observed to be safe and well-tolerated in this trial. We are currently preparing
clinical Phase 2 testing of IMU-856 in ongoing active celiac disease, while also considering further potential clinical applications in
other gastrointestinal disorders.
Immunic has selected IMU-381 as a development candidate to specifically
address the needs of gastrointestinal diseases. IMU-381 is a next generation molecule with improved overall properties, supported by a
series of chemical derivatives. IMU-381 is currently in preclinical testing.
Additional antiviral-directed development activities remain ongoing
through preclinical research examining the potential to treat a broad set of viral indications with new antiviral molecules. We are exploring
several options to possibly support further development of our antiviral portfolio, including a potential spin-off into a new or existing
company and potential licensing transactions.
We expect to continue to lead most of our research and development
activities from our Gräfelfing, Germany location, where dedicated scientific, regulatory, clinical and medical teams conduct their
activities. Due to these teams' key relationships with local and international service providers, we anticipate that this will result
in more timely and cost-effective execution of our development programs. In addition, we are using our subsidiary in Melbourne, Australia
to perform research and development activities in the Australasia region. We also conduct preclinical work in Halle/Saale, Germany through
a collaboration with the Fraunhofer Institute.
Our business, operating results, financial condition and growth prospects
are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including the failure of our clinical trials to meet their endpoints, failure to obtain
regulatory approval and failure to obtain needed additional funding on acceptable terms, if at all, to complete the development and commercialization
of our three development programs.
Commercialization Strategy
We are focused on the development of new molecules that maximize the
therapeutic benefits for patients by uniquely addressing biologically relevant immunological targets. We take advantage of our established
research and development infrastructure and operations in Germany and Australia to more efficiently develop our product candidates in
indications of high unmet need and where the product candidates have the potential to elevate the standard of care for the benefit of
patients. Given the mechanisms of action and the data generated for our product candidates, to date, we continue to execute on the clinical
development of our programs for established indications as well as explore additional indications where patients could potentially benefit
from the unique profiles of each product candidate.
We are currently focused on maximizing the potential of our development
programs through the following strategic initiatives:
| · | Executing the ongoing Phase 3 ENSURE and Phase 2 CALLIPER clinical trial programs of vidofludimus calcium in MS. |
| · | Executing the IMU-856 development program, including preparation of a Phase 2 clinical trial, in patients with ongoing active celiac
disease. |
| · | Continuing preclinical research to complement the existing clinical activities, explore additional indications for future development,
and where appropriate, generate additional molecules for future development. |
| · | Facilitating readiness for potential commercial launch of our product candidates through targeted and stage-appropriate pre-commercial
activities. |
| · | Evaluating potential strategic collaborations for each product candidate in order to complement our existing research and development
capabilities and to facilitate potential commercialization of these product candidates by taking advantage of the resources and capabilities
of strategic collaborators in order to enhance the potential and value of each product candidate. |
Corporate Information
Prior to April 12, 2019, we were a clinical-stage biotherapeutic company
known as Vital Therapies, Inc. that had historically been focused on the development of a cell-based therapy targeting the treatment of
acute forms of liver failure. Vital Therapies, Inc. was originally incorporated in the State of California in May of 2003 as Vitagen Acquisition
Corp., subsequently changed its name to Vital Therapies, Inc. in June 2003, and reincorporated in Delaware in January 2004. In April 2019,
we completed an exchange transaction with Immunic AG pursuant to which holders of ordinary shares of Immunic AG exchanged all of their
shares for shares of our common stock, resulting in Immunic AG becoming our wholly owned subsidiary. Following the exchange, we changed
our name to Immunic, Inc. and we became a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of selective oral therapies
in immunology with the goal of becoming a leader in treatments for chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Our corporate headquarters are located at 1200 Avenue of the Americas,
Suite 200, New York, New York 10036. We also have an office at Lochhamer Schlag 21, 82166 Grafelfing, Germany. Our telephone number is
(332) 255-9818. We maintain a website at www.imux.com. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not
a part of this prospectus. Investors should not rely on any such information in deciding whether to purchase our securities. We have included
our website address in this prospectus solely as an inactive textual reference.
RISK FACTORS
Investment in any securities offered pursuant to this prospectus and
the applicable prospectus supplement involves risks. You should carefully consider the risk factors incorporated by reference to our most
recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and any subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports
on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K that we file after the date of this prospectus, and all other information contained or incorporated
by reference into this prospectus, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Exchange Act, and the risk factors and other information
contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectuses, before acquiring any of such securities.
The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities.
USE OF PROCEEDS
We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities as
set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK WE MAY OFFER
General
Our authorized capital stock consists of 130,000,000 shares of common
stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share.
The following description of our common stock and preferred stock,
together with the additional information included in any applicable prospectus supplements or related free writing prospectuses, summarizes
the material terms and provisions of these types of securities, but it is not complete. For the complete terms of our common stock and
preferred stock, please refer to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws that are incorporated
by reference into the registration statement which includes this prospectus and, with respect to preferred stock, any certificate of designation
that we may file with the SEC for a series of preferred stock we may designate, if any.
We will describe, in a prospectus supplement or related free writing
prospectuses, the specific terms of any common stock or preferred stock we may offer pursuant to this prospectus. If indicated in a prospectus
supplement, the terms of such common stock or preferred stock may differ from the terms described below.
Common Stock
As of November 13, 2023, there were 45,145,383 shares of common stock
outstanding. The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote
of the stockholders. The holders of common stock are not entitled to cumulative voting rights with respect to the election of directors,
and as a consequence, minority stockholders will not be able to elect directors on the basis of their votes alone.
Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then outstanding
shares of preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends as may be declared by the board of directors
out of funds legally available therefor. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of us, holders of the common stock are
entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any then outstanding
shares of preferred stock. Holders of common stock have no preemptive rights and no right to convert their common stock into any other
securities. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock. All outstanding shares of common stock
are, and all shares of common stock to be issued under this prospectus will be, fully paid and non-assessable. The rights, preferences
and privileges of holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of
any of our outstanding preferred stock.
Listing
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under
the symbol “IMUX.”
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Equiniti Trust
Company, LLC. The transfer agent and registrar’s address is 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219.
Dividends
We have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception
and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
Preferred Stock
We are authorized to issue a total of 20,000,000 shares of preferred
stock. As of November 13, 2023, there were no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.
Preferred stock may be issued from time to time, in one or more series,
as authorized by the board of directors, without stockholder approval. The prospectus supplement relating to any shares of preferred stock
offered thereby will include specific terms of the shares of preferred stock offered, including, if applicable:
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the title of the shares of preferred stock; |
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the number of shares of preferred stock offered, the liquidation preference per share and the offering price of the shares of preferred stock; |
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the dividend rate(s), period(s) and/or payment date(s) or method(s) of calculation thereof applicable to the shares of preferred stock; |
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whether the dividends on shares of preferred stock are cumulative or not and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends on the shares of preferred stock shall accumulate; |
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the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any, for the shares of preferred stock; |
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the provision for a sinking fund, if any, for the shares of preferred stock; |
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the provision for redemption or repurchase, if applicable, and any restrictions on our ability to exercise those redemption and repurchase rights of the shares of preferred stock; |
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any listing of the shares of preferred stock on any securities exchange; |
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the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which the shares of preferred stock will be convertible into shares of common stock, including the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof); |
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discussion of federal income tax considerations applicable to the shares of preferred stock; |
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the relative ranking and preferences of the shares of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs; |
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any limitations on issuance of any series or class of shares of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with such series or class of shares of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs; |
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any other specific terms, preferences, rights, limitations or restrictions of the shares of preferred stock; and |
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any voting rights of such preferred stock. |
The transfer agent and registrar for any series or class of preferred
stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Possible Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law and our Charter Documents
Some provisions of Delaware law, our amended and restated certificate
of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws could make the following transactions more difficult: an acquisition of us by means
of a tender offer, an acquisition of us by means of a proxy contest or otherwise, or the removal of our incumbent officers and directors.
It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish or could deter transactions that stockholders may otherwise
consider to be in their best interest or in our best interest, including transactions which provide for payment of a premium over the
market price for our shares.
These provisions, summarized below, are intended to discourage coercive
takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of
us to first negotiate with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of the increased protection of our potential ability to
negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal to acquire or restructure us outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging
these proposals because negotiation of these proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.
Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute
We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law
(the “DGCL”), an anti-takeover statute. In general, Section 203 of the DGCL prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation
from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years following
the time the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination or the acquisition of shares that resulted in a
stockholder becoming an interested stockholder is approved in a prescribed manner. Generally, a “business combination” includes
a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. Generally, an “interested
stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns (or within three years prior to the determination of
interested stockholder status did own) 15% or more of a corporation’s voting stock. The existence of this provision would be expected
to have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions not approved in advance by our board of directors, including discouraging
attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock held by our stockholders.
Undesignated Preferred Stock.
The ability of our board of directors, without action by the stockholders,
to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences as designated by our board
of directors could impede the success of any attempt to effect a change in control of us. These and other provisions may have the effect
of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control or management of our company.
Requirements for Advance Notification of Stockholder Nominations
and Proposals.
Our amended and restated bylaws establish advance notice procedures
with respect to stockholder proposals to be brought before a stockholder meeting and the nomination of candidates for election as directors,
other than nominations made by or at the direction of the board of directors or a committee of the board of directors.
Elimination of Stockholder Action by Written Consent.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation eliminates the
right of stockholders to act by written consent without a meeting.
Staggered Board.
Our board of directors is divided into three classes. The directors
in each class will serve for a three-year term, one class being elected each year by our stockholders. This system of electing and removing
directors may tend to discourage a third party from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us, because it
generally makes it more difficult for stockholders to replace a majority of the directors.
Removal of Directors.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that
no member of our board of directors may be removed from office by our stockholders except for cause and, in addition to any other vote
required by law, upon the approval of the holders of at least two-thirds in voting power of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to
vote in the election of directors.
Stockholders Not Entitled to Cumulative Voting.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation does not permit
stockholders to cumulate their votes in the election of directors. Accordingly, the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of
our common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors can elect all of the directors standing for election, if they choose, other
than any directors that holders of our preferred stock may be entitled to elect.
Authorized but Unissued Shares
Our authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock
will be available for future issuance without stockholder approval. We may use additional shares for a variety of purposes, including
future public offerings to raise additional capital, to fund acquisitions and as employee compensation. The existence of authorized but
unissued shares of undesignated preferred stock may enable our board of directors to render more difficult or to discourage an attempt
to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise. For example, if in the due exercise of its fiduciary
obligations, our board of directors were to determine that a takeover proposal is not in the best interests of us or our stockholders,
our board of directors could cause shares of preferred stock to be issued without stockholder approval in one or more private offerings
or other transactions that might dilute the voting or other rights of the proposed acquirer, stockholder or stockholder group. The rights
of holders of our common stock described above will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of any preferred stock
that we may designate and issue in the future. The issuance of shares of undesignated preferred stock could decrease the amount of earnings
and assets available for distribution to holders of shares of common stock. The issuance may also adversely affect the rights and powers,
including voting rights, of these holders and may have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of us.
Director Liability
Our amended and restated bylaws limit the extent to which our directors
are personally liable to us and our stockholders, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL. The inclusion of this provision in our
amended and restated bylaws may reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and may discourage or deter stockholders
or management from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their duty of care.
The provisions of Delaware law, our amended and restated certificate
of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and,
as a consequence, they may also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that often result from actual or
rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in the composition of our board of
directors and management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders
may otherwise deem to be in their best interest.
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER
The following description, together with the additional information
we include in any applicable prospectus supplements or free writing prospectuses, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the
debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus. We may issue debt securities, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated
debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any future debt securities
we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the
applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus. The terms of any debt securities we offer under a prospectus supplement may
differ from the terms we describe below. Unless the context requires otherwise, whenever we refer to the “indentures,” we
also are referring to any supplemental indentures that specify the terms of a particular series of debt securities.
We will issue any senior debt securities under the senior indenture
that we will enter into with the trustee named in the senior indenture. We will issue any subordinated debt securities under the subordinated
indenture and any supplemental indentures that we will enter into with the trustee named in the subordinated indenture. We have filed
forms of these documents as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and
forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement
of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference to reports that we file with the SEC.
The indentures will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939,
as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”). We use the term “trustee” to refer to either the trustee under the senior
indenture or the trustee under the subordinated indenture, as applicable.
The following summaries of material provisions of the senior debt securities,
the subordinated debt securities and the indentures are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions
of the indenture and any supplemental indentures applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read the applicable
prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses related to the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus,
as well as the complete indenture that contains the terms of the debt securities. Except as we may otherwise indicate, the terms of the
senior indenture and the subordinated indenture are identical.
General
The terms of each series of debt securities will be established by
or pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors and set forth or determined in the manner provided in an officers’ certificate
or by a supplemental indenture. Debt securities may be issued in separate series without limitation as to aggregate principal amount.
We may specify a maximum aggregate principal amount for the debt securities of any series. We will describe in the applicable prospectus
supplement the terms of the series of debt securities being offered, including:
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the principal amount being offered and, if a series, the total amount authorized and the total amount outstanding; |
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any limit on the amount that may be issued; |
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whether or not we will issue the series of debt securities in global form, and, if so, the terms and who the depositary will be; |
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whether and under what circumstances, if any, we will pay additional amounts on any debt securities held by a person who is not a U.S. person for tax purposes, and whether we can redeem the debt securities if we have to pay such additional amounts; |
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the annual interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates; |
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whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt; |
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the terms of the subordination of any series of subordinated debt; |
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the place where payments will be payable; |
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restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any; |
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our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period; |
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the date, if any, after which, and the price at which, we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those redemption provisions; |
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provisions for a sinking fund, purchase or other analogous fund, if any, including the date, if any, on which, and the price at which we are obligated, pursuant thereto or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder’s option, to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable; |
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provisions relating to modification of the terms of the security or the rights of the security holder; |
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whether the indenture will restrict our ability or the ability of our subsidiaries to: |
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incur additional indebtedness; |
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issue additional securities; |
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pay dividends or make distributions in respect of our capital stock or the capital stock of our subsidiaries; |
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place restrictions on our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets; |
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make investments or other restricted payments; |
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sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of assets; |
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enter into sale-leaseback transactions; |
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engage in transactions with stockholders or affiliates; |
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issue or sell stock of our subsidiaries; or |
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effect a consolidation or merger; |
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whether the indenture will require us to maintain any interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based, asset-based or other financial ratios; |
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information describing any book-entry features; |
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the applicability of the provisions in the indenture on discharge; |
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whether the debt securities are to be offered at a price such that they will be deemed to be offered at an “original issue discount” as defined in paragraph (a) of Section 1273 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended; |
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the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof; |
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the currency of payment of debt securities, if other than U.S. dollars, and the manner of determining the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars; and |
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any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, including any additional events of default or covenants provided with respect to the debt securities, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations. |
U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to debt securities
sold at an original issue discount will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. In addition, U.S. federal income tax or
other consequences applicable to any debt securities which are denominated in a currency or currency unit other than U.S. dollars may
be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Conversion or Exchange Rights
We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms
under which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock, our preferred stock or other securities
(including securities of a third party). We will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of
the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our common stock, our preferred stock
or other securities (including securities of a third party) that the holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject
to adjustment.
Consolidation, Merger or Sale
Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable
to a particular series of debt securities, the indentures will not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate,
or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. However, any successor to or acquirer of such
assets must assume all of our obligations under the indentures or the debt securities, as appropriate. If the debt securities are convertible
into or exchangeable for our other securities or securities of other entities, the person with whom we consolidate or merge, or to whom
we sell all of our assets, must make provisions for the conversion of the debt securities into securities that the holders of the debt
securities would have received if they had converted the debt securities before the consolidation, merger or sale.
Events of Default under the Indenture
Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable
to a particular series of debt securities, the following are events of default under the indentures with respect to any series of debt
securities that we may issue:
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if we fail to pay interest when due and payable and our failure continues for 90 days and the time for payment has not been extended; |
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if we fail to pay the principal, premium or sinking fund payment, if any, when due and payable and the time for payment has not been extended; |
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if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant contained in the debt securities or the indentures, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure continues for 90 days after we receive notice from the trustee or we and the trustee receive notice from the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and |
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if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur. |
We will describe in each applicable prospectus supplement any additional
events of default relating to the relevant series of debt securities. If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series
occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above, the trustee or the holders of at least
25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the trustee if
notice is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately.
If an event of default arises due to the occurrence of certain specified bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization events, the unpaid principal,
premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due and payable without any
notice or other action on the part of the trustee or any holder.
The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt
securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences, except defaults
or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default
in accordance with the indenture. Any such waiver shall cure the default or event of default.
Subject to the terms of the applicable indenture, if an event of default
under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under
such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless such holders have
offered the trustee reasonable indemnity or security satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense. The holders of a majority
in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting
any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, with respect to the
debt securities of that series, provided that:
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the direction so given by the holders is not in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture; and |
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subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act, the trustee need not take any action that might subject it to personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the holders not involved in the proceeding. |
The indentures provide that, if an event of default has occurred and
is continuing, the trustee will be required in the exercise of its powers to use the degree of care that a prudent person would use in
the conduct of its own affairs. The trustee, however, may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or the indenture, or
that the trustee determines is unduly prejudicial to the rights of any other holder of the relevant series of debt securities, or that
would subject the trustee to personal liability. Prior to taking any action under the indentures, the trustee will be entitled to indemnification
against all costs, expenses and liabilities that would be incurred by taking or not taking such action.
A holder of the debt securities of any series will have the right to
institute a proceeding under the indentures or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies only if:
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the holder has given written notice to the trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series; |
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the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made a written request and such holders have offered reasonable indemnity to the trustee or security satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense to be incurred in compliance with instituting the proceeding as trustee; and |
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the trustee does not institute the proceeding, and does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 60 days after the notice, request and offer. |
These limitations do not apply to a proceeding instituted by a holder
of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities.
We will periodically file statements with the trustee regarding our
compliance with specified covenants in the indentures.
The indentures provide that if a default occurs and is continuing and
is actually known to a responsible officer of the trustee, the trustee must mail to each holder notice of the default within 45 days after
it occurs, unless such default has been cured. Except in the case of a default in the payment of principal or premium of, or interest
on, any debt security or certain other defaults specified in an indenture, the trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if
and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors, or responsible officers of the trustee,
in good faith determine that withholding notice is in the best interests of holders of the relevant series of debt securities.
Modification of Indenture; Waiver
Subject to the terms of the indenture for any series of debt securities
that we may issue, we and the trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to the following specific
matters:
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to fix any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture; |
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to comply with the provisions described above under “-Consolidation, Merger or Sale”; |
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to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under the Trust Indenture Act; |
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to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms or purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of debt securities, as set forth in such indenture; |
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to provide for the issuance of, and establish the form and terms and conditions of, the debt securities of any series as provided above under “-General,” to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of the indenture or any series of debt securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt securities; |
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to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee; |
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to provide for uncertificated debt securities in addition to or in place of certificated debt securities and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose; |
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to add such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for the protection of the holders, and to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default, or to surrender any right or power conferred to us in the indenture; or |
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to change anything that does not materially adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series in any material respect; provided that any amendment made solely to conform the provisions of the indenture to the corresponding description of the debt securities contained in the applicable prospectus or prospectus supplement shall be deemed not to adversely affect the interests of the holders of such debt securities; provided further, that in connection with any such amendment we will provide the trustee with an officers’ certificate certifying that such amendment will not adversely affect the rights or interests of the holders of such debt securities. |
In addition, under the indentures, the rights of holders of a series
of debt securities may be changed by us and the trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement
applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we and the trustee may only make the following changes with the consent of each
holder of any outstanding debt securities affected:
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extending the fixed maturity of the series of debt securities; |
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reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption of any debt securities; |
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reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment, supplement, modification or waiver; |
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changing any of our obligations to pay additional amounts; |
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reducing the amount of principal of an original issue discount security or any other note payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof; |
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changing the currency in which any note or any premium or interest is payable; |
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impairing the right to enforce any payment on or with respect to any note; |
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adversely changing the right to convert or exchange, including decreasing the conversion rate or increasing the conversion price of, such series of debt securities, if applicable; |
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in the case of the subordinated indenture, modifying the subordination provisions in a manner adverse to the holders of the subordinated debt securities; |
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if the debt securities are secured, changing the terms and conditions pursuant to which the debt securities are secured in a manner adverse to the holders of the secured debt securities; |
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reducing the requirements contained in the applicable indenture for quorum or voting; |
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changing any of our obligations to maintain an office or agency in the places and for the purposes required by the indentures; or |
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modifying any of the above provisions set forth in this paragraph. |
Discharge
Each indenture provides that, subject to the terms of the indenture
and any limitation otherwise provided in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we may elect
to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except for specified obligations, including
obligations to:
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register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series; |
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replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series; |
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maintain paying agencies; |
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hold monies for payment in trust; |
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recover excess money held by the trustee; |
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compensate and indemnify the trustee; and |
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appoint any successor trustee. |
In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must deposit with
the trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, and any premium and interest on, the debt securities
of the series on the dates payments are due.
Form, Exchange and Transfer
We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered
form without coupons and, unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral
multiple thereof. The indentures provide that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry
securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company or another depositary named by us and identified
in a prospectus supplement with respect to that series.
At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indentures
and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities
of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like
tenor and aggregate principal amount.
Subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable
to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities
for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required
by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this
purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will impose no service
charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.
We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security registrar,
and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We may at any time
designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which
any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities
of each series.
If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not
be required to:
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issue, register the transfer of, or exchange, any debt securities of that series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or |
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register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part. |
Information Concerning the Trustee
The trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an
event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable indenture
and is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the indentures at the request of any holder of debt securities unless
it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur. However, upon an event
of default under an indenture, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of
his or her own affairs.
Payment and Paying Agents
Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement,
we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities,
or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest payment.
We will pay principal of, and any premium and interest on, the debt
securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that, unless we otherwise indicate in the
applicable prospectus supplement, we will make interest payments by check that we will mail to the holder or by wire transfer to certain
holders. Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will designate the corporate trust office of the trustee
in the City of New York as our sole paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. We will name in the applicable
prospectus supplement any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain
a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.
All money we pay to a paying agent or the trustee for the payment of
the principal of, or any premium or interest on, any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal,
premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us
for payment thereof.
Governing Law
The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by and construed
in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.
Ranking Debt Securities
The subordinated debt securities will be unsecured and will be subordinate
and junior in priority of payment to certain of our other indebtedness to the extent described in a prospectus supplement. The subordinated
indenture does not limit the amount of subordinated debt securities that we may issue. It also does not limit us from issuing any other
secured or unsecured debt.
The senior debt securities will be unsecured and will rank equally
in right of payment to all of our other senior unsecured debt. The senior indenture does not limit the amount of senior debt securities
that we may issue. It also does not limit us from issuing any other secured or unsecured debt.
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS WE MAY OFFER
We may issue warrants to purchase debt securities, preferred stock,
common stock or any combination of the foregoing. We may issue warrants independently or together with any other securities we offer under
a prospectus supplement. The warrants may be attached to or separate from the securities. We will issue each series of warrants under
a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between a warrant agent and us. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection
with the warrants and will not have any obligations or relationship of agency or trust for or with holders or beneficial owners of warrants.
The following outlines some of the general terms and provisions of the warrants that we may issue from time to time. When we issue warrants,
we will provide the specific terms of the warrants and the applicable warrant agreement in a prospectus supplement and any related free
writing prospectuses and such terms may differ from those described below. To the extent the information contained in the prospectus supplement
or free writing prospectuses differs from this summary description, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement or
free writing prospectuses.
The following description, and any description of the warrants included
in a prospectus supplement, may not be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the terms and provisions
of the applicable warrant agreement.
Equity Warrants
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related
free writing prospectuses the terms of the preferred stock warrants or common stock warrants being offered, the warrant agreement relating
to the preferred stock warrants or common stock warrants and the warrant certificates representing the preferred stock warrants or common
stock warrants, including, as applicable:
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the title of the warrants; |
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the securities for which the warrants are exercisable; |
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the price or prices at which the warrants will be issued; |
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if applicable, the number of warrants issued with each share of preferred stock or share of common stock; |
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if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the related preferred stock or common stock will be separately transferable; |
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the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence, and the date on which the right will expire; |
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the maximum or minimum number of warrants which may be exercised at any time; |
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information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; |
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a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to exercise of the warrants; and |
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any other terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the warrants. |
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable warrant agreement and corresponding
prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses, holders of equity warrants will not be entitled, by virtue of being such
holders, to vote, consent, receive dividends, receive notice as stockholders with respect to any meeting of stockholders for the election
of our directors or any other matter, or to exercise any rights whatsoever as stockholders.
Except as provided in the applicable warrant agreement and corresponding
prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses, the exercise price payable and the number of shares of common stock or
preferred stock purchasable upon the exercise of each warrant will be subject to adjustment in certain events, including the issuance
of a stock dividend to holders of common stock or preferred stock or a stock split, reverse stock split, combination, subdivision or reclassification
of common stock or preferred stock. In lieu of adjusting the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock purchasable upon exercise
of each warrant, we may elect to adjust the number of warrants. Unless otherwise provided in the applicable warrant agreement and corresponding
prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses, no adjustments in the number of shares purchasable upon exercise of the
warrants will be required until all cumulative adjustments require an adjustment of at least 1% thereof. No fractional shares will be
issued upon exercise of warrants, but we will pay the cash value of any fractional shares otherwise issuable. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
except as otherwise provided in the applicable warrant agreement and corresponding prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses,
in the event of any consolidation, merger, or sale or conveyance of our assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety, the holder
of each outstanding warrant will have the right to the kind and amount of shares of stock and other securities and property, including
cash, receivable by a holder of the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock into which each warrant was exercisable immediately
prior to the particular triggering event.
Debt Warrants
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related
free writing prospectuses the terms of the debt warrants being offered, the warrant agreement relating to the debt warrants and the debt
warrant certificates representing the debt warrants, including, as applicable:
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the title of the debt warrants; |
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the aggregate number of the debt warrants; |
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the price or prices at which the debt warrants will be issued; |
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the designation, aggregate principal amount and terms of the debt securities purchasable upon exercise of the debt warrants, and the procedures and conditions relating to the exercise of the debt warrants; |
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the designation and terms of any related debt securities with which the debt warrants are issued, and the number of the debt warrants issued with each security; |
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the date, if any, on and after which the debt warrants and the related debt securities will be separately transferable; |
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the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of each debt warrant, and the price at which the principal amount of the debt securities may be purchased upon exercise; |
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the date on which the right to exercise the debt warrants will commence, and the date on which the right will expire; |
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the maximum or minimum number of the debt warrants that may be exercised at any time; |
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information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; |
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changes to or adjustments in the exercise price of the debt warrants; |
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a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the exercise of the debt warrants; and |
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any other terms of the debt warrants and terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exercise of the debt warrants. |
As may be permitted under the warrant agreement, holders may exchange
debt warrant certificates for new debt warrant certificates of different denominations, and may exercise debt warrants at the corporate
trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses.
Prior to the exercise of their debt warrants, holders of debt warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable
upon the exercise and will not be entitled to payments of principal, premium or interest on the securities purchasable upon the exercise
of debt warrants.
Exercise of Warrants
Each warrant will entitle the holder of the warrant to purchase for
cash at the exercise price provided in the applicable warrant agreement and corresponding prospectus supplement or any related free writing
prospectuses the principal amount of debt securities or shares of preferred stock or shares of common stock being offered. Holders may
exercise warrants at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date provided in the applicable warrant agreement and corresponding
prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants
will be void.
Holders may exercise warrants as described in the applicable warrant
agreement and corresponding prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectuses relating to the warrants being offered. Upon receipt
of payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any
other office indicated in the applicable warrant agreement and corresponding prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses,
we will, as soon as practicable, forward the debt securities, shares of preferred stock or shares of common stock purchasable upon the
exercise of the warrant. If less than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, we will issue a new warrant
certificate for the remaining warrants.
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS WE MAY OFFER
The following description, together with the additional information
we may include in any applicable prospectus supplements and free writing prospectuses, summarizes the material terms and provisions of
the units that we may offer under this prospectus. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any units that we
may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of units in more detail in the applicable prospectus
supplement. The terms of any units offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. However, no prospectus
supplement will fundamentally change the terms that are set forth in this prospectus or offer a security that is not registered and described
in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness.
We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this
prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC before the issuance
of the related series of units, the form of unit agreement that describes the terms of the series of units we are offering, and any supplemental
agreements. The following summaries of material terms and provisions of the units are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference
to, all the provisions of the unit agreement and any supplemental agreements applicable to a particular series of units. We urge you to
read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the particular series of units that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the
complete unit agreement and any supplemental agreements that contain the terms of the units.
General
We may issue units comprised of one or more shares of common stock,
shares of preferred stock, debt securities and warrants in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is
also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of
each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be
held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms
of the series of units, including:
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the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately; |
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any provisions of the governing unit agreement that differ from those described below; and |
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any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units. |
The provisions described in this section, as well as those described
under “Description of Capital Stock We May Offer,” “Description of Debt Securities We May Offer” and “Description
of Warrants We May Offer” will apply to each unit and to any common stock, preferred stock, debt security or warrant included in
each unit, respectively.
Issuance in Series
We may issue units in such amounts and in numerous distinct series
as we determine.
Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Units
Each unit agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable unit
agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any unit. A single bank or trust company
may act as unit agent for more than one series of units. A unit agent will have no duty or responsibility in the event of any default
by us under the applicable unit agreement or unit, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise,
or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a unit may, without the consent of the related unit agent or the holder of any other unit,
enforce by appropriate legal action its rights as holder under any security included in the unit.
We, the unit agents and any of their agents may treat the registered
holder of any unit certificate as an absolute owner of the units evidenced by that certificate for any purpose and as the person entitled
to exercise the rights attaching to the units so registered, despite any notice to the contrary.
GLOBAL SECURITIES
Book-Entry, Delivery and Form
Unless we indicate differently in any applicable prospectus supplement
or free writing prospectus, the securities initially will be issued in book-entry form and represented by one or more global notes or
global securities, or, collectively, global securities. The global securities will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository
Trust Company, New York, New York, as depositary (“DTC”), and registered in the name of Cede & Co., the partnership nominee
of DTC. Unless and until it is exchanged for individual certificates evidencing securities under the limited circumstances described below,
a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary to its nominee or by the nominee to the depositary, or by
the depositary or its nominee to a successor depositary or to a nominee of the successor depositary.
DTC has advised us that it is:
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a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law; |
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a “banking organization” within the meaning of the New York Banking Law; |
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a member of the Federal Reserve System; |
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a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code; and |
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a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act. |
DTC holds securities that its participants deposit with DTC. DTC also
facilitates the settlement among its participants of securities transactions, such as transfers and pledges, in deposited securities through
electronic computerized book-entry changes in participants’ accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities
certificates. “Direct participants” in DTC include securities brokers and dealers, including underwriters, banks, trust companies,
clearing corporations and other organizations. DTC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (“DTCC”).
DTCC is the holding company for DTC, National Securities Clearing Corporation and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, all of which are
registered clearing agencies. DTCC is owned by the users of its regulated subsidiaries. Access to the DTC system is also available to
others, which we sometimes refer to as indirect participants, that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a direct participant,
either directly or indirectly. The rules applicable to DTC and its participants are on file with the SEC.
Purchases of securities under the DTC system must be made by or through
direct participants, which will receive a credit for the securities on DTC’s records. The ownership interest of the actual purchaser
of a security, which we sometimes refer to as a beneficial owner, is in turn recorded on the direct and indirect participants’ records.
Beneficial owners of securities will not receive written confirmation from DTC of their purchases. However, beneficial owners are expected
to receive written confirmations providing details of their transactions, as well as periodic statements of their holdings, from the direct
or indirect participants through which they purchased securities. Transfers of ownership interests in global securities are to be accomplished
by entries made on the books of participants acting on behalf of beneficial owners. Beneficial owners will not receive certificates representing
their ownership interests in the global securities, except under the limited circumstances described below.
To facilitate subsequent transfers, all global securities deposited
by direct participants with DTC will be registered in the name of DTC’s partnership nominee, Cede & Co., or such other name
as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. The deposit of securities with DTC and their registration in the name of Cede
& Co. or such other nominee will not change the beneficial ownership of the securities. DTC has no knowledge of the actual beneficial
owners of the securities. DTC’s records reflect only the identity of the direct participants to whose accounts the securities are
credited, which may or may not be the beneficial owners. The participants are responsible for keeping account of their holdings on behalf
of their customers.
So long as the securities are in book-entry form, you will receive
payments and may transfer securities only through the facilities of the depositary and its direct and indirect participants. We will maintain
an office or agency in the location specified in the prospectus supplement for the applicable securities, where notices and demands in
respect of the securities and the indenture may be delivered to us and where certificated securities may be surrendered for payment, registration
of transfer or exchange.
Conveyance of notices and other communications by DTC to direct participants,
by direct participants to indirect participants, and by direct participants and indirect participants to beneficial owners will be governed
by arrangements among them, subject to any legal requirements in effect from time to time.
Redemption notices will be sent to DTC. If less than all of the securities
of a particular series are being redeemed, DTC’s practice is to determine by lot the amount of the interest of each direct participant
in the securities of such series to be redeemed.
Neither DTC nor Cede & Co. (or such other DTC nominee) will consent
or vote with respect to the securities. Under its usual procedures, DTC will mail an omnibus proxy to us as soon as possible after the
record date. The omnibus proxy assigns the consenting or voting rights of Cede & Co. to those direct participants to whose accounts
the securities of such series are credited on the record date, identified in a listing attached to the omnibus proxy.
So long as securities are in book-entry form, we will make payments
on those securities to the depositary or its nominee, as the registered owner of such securities, by wire transfer of immediately available
funds. If securities are issued in definitive certificated form under the limited circumstances described below, and unless otherwise
provided in the description of the applicable securities herein or in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will have the option of
making payments by check mailed to the addresses of the persons entitled to payment or by wire transfer to bank accounts in the United
States designated in writing to the applicable trustee or other designated party at least 15 days before the applicable payment date by
the persons entitled to payment, unless a shorter period is satisfactory to the applicable trustee or other designated party.
Redemption proceeds, distributions and dividend payments on the securities
will be made to Cede & Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. DTC’s practice
is to credit direct participants’ accounts upon DTC’s receipt of funds and corresponding detail information from us on the
payment date in accordance with their respective holdings shown on DTC records. Payments by participants to beneficial owners will be
governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is the case with securities held for the account of customers in bearer
form or registered in “street name.” Those payments will be the responsibility of participants and not of DTC or us, subject
to any statutory or regulatory requirements in effect from time to time. Payment of redemption proceeds, distributions and dividend payments
to Cede & Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC, is our responsibility, disbursement
of payments to direct participants is the responsibility of DTC, and disbursement of payments to the beneficial owners is the responsibility
of direct and indirect participants.
Except under the limited circumstances described below, purchasers
of securities will not be entitled to have securities registered in their names and will not receive physical delivery of securities.
Accordingly, each beneficial owner must rely on the procedures of DTC and its participants to exercise any rights under the securities
and the indenture.
The laws of some jurisdictions may require that some purchasers of
securities take physical delivery of securities in definitive form. Those laws may impair the ability to transfer or pledge beneficial
interests in securities.
DTC may discontinue providing its services as securities depositary
with respect to the securities at any time by giving reasonable notice to us. Under such circumstances, in the event that a successor
depositary is not obtained, securities certificates are required to be printed and delivered.
As noted above, beneficial owners of a particular series of securities
generally will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in those securities. However, if:
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DTC notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue as a depositary for the global security or securities representing such series of securities or if DTC ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act at a time when it is required to be registered and a successor depositary is not appointed within 90 days of the notification to us or of our becoming aware of DTC’s ceasing to be so registered, as the case may be; |
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we determine, in our sole discretion, not to have such securities represented by one or more global securities; or |
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an event of default has occurred and is continuing with respect to such series of securities, |
then we will prepare and deliver certificates for such securities in
exchange for beneficial interests in the global securities. Any beneficial interest in a global security that is exchangeable under the
circumstances described in the preceding sentence will be exchangeable for securities in definitive certificated form registered in the
names that the depositary directs. It is expected that these directions will be based upon directions received by the depositary from
its participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in the global securities.
Euroclear and Clearstream
If so provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, you may hold
interests in a global security through Clearstream Banking S.A. (“Clearstream”), or Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V., as operator
of the Euroclear System (“Euroclear”), either directly if you are a participant in Clearstream or Euroclear or indirectly
through organizations which are participants in Clearstream or Euroclear. Clearstream and Euroclear will hold interests on behalf of their
respective participants through customers’ securities accounts in the names of Clearstream and Euroclear, respectively, on the books
of their respective U.S. depositaries, which in turn will hold such interests in customers’ securities accounts in such depositaries’
names on DTC’s books.
Clearstream and Euroclear are securities clearance systems in Europe.
Clearstream and Euroclear hold securities for their respective participating organizations and facilitate the clearance and settlement
of securities transactions between those participants through electronic book-entry changes in their accounts, thereby eliminating the
need for physical movement of certificates.
Payments, deliveries, transfers, exchanges, notices and other matters
relating to beneficial interests in global securities owned through Euroclear or Clearstream must comply with the rules and procedures
of those systems. Transactions between participants in Euroclear or Clearstream, on the one hand, and other participants in DTC, on the
other hand, are also subject to DTC’s rules and procedures.
Investors will be able to make and receive through Euroclear and Clearstream
payments, deliveries, transfers and other transactions involving any beneficial interests in global securities held through those systems
only on days when those systems are open for business. Those systems may not be open for business on days when banks, brokers and other
institutions are open for business in the United States.
Cross-market transfers between participants in DTC, on the one hand,
and participants in Euroclear or Clearstream, on the other hand, will be effected through DTC in accordance with DTC’s rules on
behalf of Euroclear or Clearstream, as the case may be, by their respective U.S. depositaries; however, such cross-market transactions
will require delivery of instructions to Euroclear or Clearstream, as the case may be, by the counterparty in such system in accordance
with the rules and procedures and within the established deadlines (European time) of such system. Euroclear or Clearstream, as the case
may be, will, if the transaction meets its settlement requirements, deliver instructions to its U.S. depositary to take action to effect
final settlement on its behalf by delivering or receiving interests in the global securities through DTC, and making or receiving payment
in accordance with normal procedures for same-day fund settlement. Participants in Euroclear or Clearstream may not deliver instructions
directly to their respective U.S. depositaries.
Due to time zone differences, the securities accounts of a participant
in Euroclear or Clearstream purchasing an interest in a global security from a direct participant in DTC will be credited, and any such
crediting will be reported to the relevant participant in Euroclear or Clearstream, during the securities settlement processing day (which
must be a business day for Euroclear or Clearstream) immediately following the settlement date of DTC. Cash received in Euroclear or Clearstream
as a result of sales of interests in a global security by or through a participant in Euroclear or Clearstream to a direct participant
in DTC will be received with value on the settlement date of DTC but will be available in the relevant Euroclear or Clearstream cash account
only as of the business day for Euroclear or Clearstream following DTC’s settlement date.
Other
The information in this section of this prospectus concerning DTC,
Clearstream, Euroclear and their respective book-entry systems has been obtained from sources that we believe to be reliable, but we do
not take responsibility for this information. This information has been provided solely as a matter of convenience. The rules and procedures
of DTC, Clearstream and Euroclear are solely within the control of those organizations and could change at any time. Neither we nor the
trustee nor any agent of ours or of the trustee has any control over those entities and none of us takes any responsibility for their
activities. You are urged to contact DTC, Clearstream and Euroclear or their respective participants directly to discuss those matters.
In addition, although we expect that DTC, Clearstream and Euroclear will perform the foregoing procedures, none of them is under any obligation
to perform or continue to perform such procedures and such procedures may be discontinued at any time. Neither we nor any agent of ours
will have any responsibility for the performance or nonperformance by DTC, Clearstream and Euroclear or their respective participants
of these or any other rules or procedures governing their respective operations.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell the securities from time to time pursuant to underwritten
public offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods or through underwriters or dealers, through
agents and/or directly to one or more purchasers. The securities may be distributed from time to time in one or more transactions:
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at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed; |
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at market prices prevailing at the time of sale; |
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at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or |
Each time that we sell securities covered by this prospectus, we will
provide a prospectus supplement or supplements that will describe the method of distribution and set forth the terms and conditions of
the offering of such securities, including the offering price of the securities and the proceeds to us, if applicable.
Offers to purchase the securities being offered by this prospectus
may be solicited directly. Agents may also be designated to solicit offers to purchase the securities from time to time. Any agent involved
in the offer or sale of our securities will be identified in a prospectus supplement.
If a dealer is utilized in the sale of the securities being offered
by this prospectus, the securities will be sold to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at
varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale.
If an underwriter is utilized in the sale of the securities being offered
by this prospectus, an underwriting agreement will be executed with the underwriter at the time of sale and the name of any underwriter
will be provided in the prospectus supplement that the underwriter will use to make resales of the securities to the public. In connection
with the sale of the securities, we or the purchasers of securities for whom the underwriter may act as agent, may compensate the underwriter
in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions. The underwriter may sell the securities to or through dealers, and those dealers
may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers
for which they may act as agent. Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, an agent will be acting on a best efforts basis
and a dealer will purchase securities as a principal, and may then resell the securities at varying prices to be determined by the dealer.
Any compensation paid to underwriters, dealers or agents in connection
with the offering of the securities, and any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers will
be provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. Underwriters, dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities
may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and
any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting
discounts and commissions. We may enter into agreements to indemnify underwriters, dealers and agents against civil liabilities, including
liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments they may be required to make in respect thereof and to reimburse those
persons for certain expenses.
Any common stock will be listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market,
but any other securities may or may not be listed on a national securities exchange. To facilitate the offering of securities, certain
persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities.
This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involve the sale by persons participating in the offering of
more securities than were sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions by making
purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment option, if any. In addition, these persons may stabilize or maintain
the price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions
allowed to dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization
transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that
which might otherwise prevail in the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time.
We may engage in at the market offerings into an existing trading market
in accordance with Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. In addition, we may enter into derivative transactions with third parties,
or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus
supplement so indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the
applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us or borrowed
from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us
in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be
an underwriter and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post-effective amendment).
In addition, we may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities
short using this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement. Such financial institution or other third party may transfer its
economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.
The specific terms of any lock-up provisions in respect of any given
offering will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with
us, or perform other services for us, in the ordinary course of business for which they receive compensation.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the securities being offered hereby will be passed
on by Dentons US LLP. Any underwriters, dealers or agents will also be advised about the validity of the securities and other legal matters
by their own counsel, which will be named in the prospectus supplement.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of Immunic, Inc. as of December
31, 2022 and 2021 and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2022 incorporated in this prospectus by reference to
our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of Baker Tilly
US, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table sets forth all costs and expenses, other than underwriting
discounts and commissions, payable by us in connection with the sale of the securities being registered hereunder. All of the amounts
shown shall be paid by us and are estimates except for the SEC registration fee.
| |
Amount |
Registration fee | |
|
$ | 36,900 | |
Accounting fees and expenses | |
|
$ | * | |
Legal fees and expenses | |
|
$ | * | |
Miscellaneous fees and expenses | |
|
$ | * | |
Total | |
|
$ | * | |
*The calculation of these fees and expenses is dependent on the number
of issuances and amount of securities offered and, accordingly, cannot be estimated at this time.
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
We are incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware. Section
145(a) of the DGCL provides that a Delaware corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party
to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than
an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent
of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts
paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person acted
in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with
respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.
Section 145(b) of the DGCL provides that a Delaware corporation may
indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit
by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director,
officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent
of another corporation, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably
incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in good faith and in a
manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, except that no indemnification
shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation,
unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine that, despite
the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity
for such expenses which the court shall deem proper.
Further subsections of DGCL Section 145 provide that:
(1) to the extent a present or former director or officer of a corporation
has been successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsections (a) and (b)
of Section 145 or in the defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses, including attorneys’
fees, actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith;
(2) the indemnification and advancement of expenses provided for pursuant
to Section 145 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may
be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise; and
(3) the corporation shall have the power to purchase and maintain insurance
on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of
the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise,
against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s
status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under Section 145
of the DGCL.
Section 145 of the DGCL makes provision for the indemnification of
officers and directors in terms sufficiently broad to indemnify our officers and directors under certain circumstances from liabilities
(including reimbursement for expenses incurred) arising under the Securities Act. Our bylaws provide, in effect, that, to the fullest
extent and under the circumstances permitted by Section 145 of the DGCL, we will indemnify any person (and the estate of any person) who
was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of our company or is or
was serving at our request as a director or officer of another corporation or enterprise. We may, in our discretion, similarly indemnify
its employees and agents.
We have entered into indemnification agreements with our officers and
directors.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation relieves our
directors from monetary damages to us or our stockholders for breach of such director’s fiduciary duty as a director to the fullest
extent permitted by the DGCL. Under Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL, a corporation may relieve its directors from personal liability to
such corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of their fiduciary duty as directors except (i) for a breach
of the duty of loyalty, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith, or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of
law, (iii) for willful or negligent violations of certain provisions in the DGCL imposing certain requirements with respect to stock repurchases,
redemptions and dividends, or (iv) for any transactions from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
We currently maintain an insurance policy which, within the limits
and subject to the terms and conditions thereof, covers certain expenses and liabilities that may be incurred by directors and officers
in connection with proceedings that may be brought against them as a result of an act or omission committed or suffered while acting as
a director or officer of our company.
Item 16. Exhibits.
See the Exhibit Index attached to this registration statement and incorporated
herein by reference.
Item 17. Undertakings.
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers
or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section
10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or
events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually
or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
any increase or any decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which
was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus
filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change
in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration
statement; and
(iii) To include any material information with
respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information
in the registration statement;
Provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and
(a)(1)(iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in
reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to
Rule 424(b) that is a part of the registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability
under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities
offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective
amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability
under the Securities Act to any purchaser:
(i) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant
to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and
included in the registration statement; and
(ii) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant
to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant
to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall
be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used
after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in
Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a
new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates,
and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that
no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated
or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as
to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration
statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability
of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, in a primary offering of securities
of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities
to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned
registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of
the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the
offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus
relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of
the undersigned registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer
in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes
that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant
to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s
annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration
statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities
at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities
arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrants pursuant to the foregoing
provisions described in Item 15, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission
such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for
indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer
or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer
or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the
matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification
by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(d) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes
to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of section 310 of the
Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture
Act.
EXHIBIT INDEX
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has
duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York,
State of New York, on November 22, 2023.
|
IMMUNIC, INC. |
|
|
|
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By: |
/s/ Daniel Vitt |
|
Name: |
Daniel Vitt |
|
Title: |
President and Chief Executive Officer |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature
appears below constitutes and appoints Daniel Vitt and Glenn Whaley, and each of them acting individually, as his or her true and lawful
attorneys-in-fact and agent, with full power of each to act alone, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her
and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this registration statement (including
post-effective amendments and any registration statement for the same offering that is to be effective under Rule 462(b) of the Securities
Act), and to file the same with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission,
granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite
and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby
ratifying and confirming that all said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them or their substitute or resubstitute, may lawfully
do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration
Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.
Signature |
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Title |
|
Date |
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/s/ Daniel
Vitt |
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Chief Executive Officer and Director |
|
November 22, 2023 |
Daniel Vitt |
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(Principal Executive Officer) |
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/s/ Glenn
Whaley
Glenn Whaley
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Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
|
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November 22, 2023 |
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/s/ Duane
D. Nash |
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Executive Chairman of the Board |
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November 22, 2023 |
Duane D. Nash |
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/s/ Tamar
Howson |
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Director |
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November 22, 2023 |
Tamar Howson |
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/s/ Joerg
Neermann |
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Director |
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November 22, 2023 |
Joerg Neermann |
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/s/ Barclay
A. Phillips |
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Director |
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November 22, 2023 |
Barclay A. Phillips |
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/s/ Richard
Rudick |
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Director |
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November 22, 2023 |
Richard Rudick |
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/s/ Maria
Tornsen |
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Director |
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November 22, 2023 |
Maria Tornsen |
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Exhibit 4.1
IMMUNIC, INC.
Issuer
AND
as Trustee
INDENTURE
Dated as of [ ]
Debt Securities
CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE (1)
SECTION OF
TRUST INDENTURE
ACT OF 1939, AS AMENDED |
|
SECTION(S) OF
INDENTURE |
310(a) |
|
7.9 |
310(b) |
|
7.8 |
311(a) |
|
7.13 |
311(b) |
|
7.13 |
312(a) |
|
5.1, 5.2(a) |
312(b) |
|
5.2(b) |
312(c) |
|
5.2(c) |
313(a) |
|
5.4 |
313(b) |
|
5.4 |
313(c) |
|
5.4 |
313(d) |
|
5.4 |
314(a) |
|
5.3, 14.12 |
314(c) |
|
14.7(a) |
314(e) |
|
14.7(b) |
315(a) |
|
7.1 |
315(b) |
|
7.14 |
315(c) |
|
7.1 |
315(d) |
|
7.1 |
315(e) |
|
6.7 |
316(a) |
|
6.6, 8.4 |
316(b) |
|
6.4 |
316(c) |
|
8.1 |
317(a) |
|
6.2 |
317(b) |
|
4.2 |
318(a) |
|
14.9 |
| (1) | This Cross-Reference Table does not constitute part of the Indenture
and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its terms or provisions. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
|
Page |
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS |
1 |
Section 1.1 |
Definitions of Terms. |
1 |
Section 1.2 |
Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act. |
3 |
ARTICLE II ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES |
4 |
Section 2.1 |
Designation and Terms of Securities. |
4 |
Section 2.2 |
Form of Securities and Trustee’s Certificate. |
5 |
Section 2.3 |
Denominations; Provisions for Payment. |
5 |
Section 2.4 |
Execution and Authentication. |
6 |
Section 2.5 |
Registration of Transfer and Exchange. |
7 |
Section 2.6 |
Temporary Securities. |
8 |
Section 2.7 |
Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities. |
8 |
Section 2.8 |
Cancellation. |
8 |
Section 2.9 |
Benefits of Indenture. |
9 |
Section 2.10 |
Authenticating Agent. |
9 |
Section 2.11 |
Global Securities. |
9 |
Section 2.12 |
CUSIP and ISIN Numbers. |
10 |
ARTICLE III REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS |
10 |
Section 3.1 |
Redemption. |
10 |
Section 3.2 |
Notice of Redemption. |
10 |
Section 3.3 |
Payment upon Redemption. |
11 |
Section 3.4 |
Sinking Fund. |
11 |
Section 3.5 |
Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities. |
11 |
Section 3.6 |
Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund. |
11 |
ARTICLE IV COVENANTS |
12 |
Section 4.1 |
Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest. |
12 |
Section 4.2 |
Paying Agent and Security Registrar. |
12 |
Section 4.3 |
Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee. |
13 |
Section 4.4 |
Compliance with Consolidation Provisions. |
13 |
ARTICLE V SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE |
13 |
Section 5.1 |
Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders. |
13 |
Section 5.2 |
Preservation of Information; Communications with Securityholders. |
13 |
Section 5.3 |
Reports by the Company. |
13 |
Section 5.4 |
Reports by the Trustee. |
14 |
ARTICLE VI REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT |
14 |
Section 6.1 |
Events of Default. |
14 |
Section 6.2 |
Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee. |
15 |
Section 6.3 |
Application of Moneys Collected. |
16 |
Section 6.4 |
Limitation on Suits. |
16 |
Section 6.5 |
Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission not Waiver. |
17 |
Section 6.6 |
Control by Securityholders. |
17 |
Section 6.7 |
Undertaking to Pay Costs. |
17 |
ARTICLE VII CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE |
17 |
Section 7.1 |
Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee. |
17 |
Section 7.2 |
Certain Rights of Trustee. |
18 |
Section 7.3 |
Trustee not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities. |
19 |
Section 7.4 |
May Hold Securities and Otherwise Deal with the Company. |
19 |
Section 7.5 |
Moneys Held in Trust. |
19 |
Section 7.6 |
Compensation and Reimbursement. |
20 |
Section 7.7 |
Reliance on Officer’s Certificate. |
20 |
Section 7.8 |
Disqualification; Conflicting Interests. |
20 |
Section 7.9 |
Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility. |
20 |
Section 7.10 |
Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor. |
21 |
Section 7.11 |
Acceptance of Appointment by Successor. |
21 |
Section 7.12 |
Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business. |
22 |
Section 7.13 |
Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company. |
22 |
Section 7.14 |
Notice of Default. |
22 |
Section 7.15 |
Limitation of Liability. |
22 |
ARTICLE VIII CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS |
23 |
Section 8.1 |
Evidence of Action by Securityholders. |
23 |
Section 8.2 |
Proof of Execution by Securityholders. |
23 |
Section 8.3 |
Who may be Deemed Owners. |
23 |
Section 8.4 |
Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded. |
23 |
Section 8.5 |
Actions Binding on Future Securityholders. |
24 |
ARTICLE IX SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES |
24 |
Section 9.1 |
Supplemental Indentures without the Consent of Securityholders. |
24 |
Section 9.2 |
Supplemental Indentures with the Consent of Securityholders. |
25 |
Section 9.3 |
Effect of Supplemental Indentures. |
25 |
Section 9.4 |
Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures. |
25 |
Section 9.5 |
Execution of Supplemental Indentures. |
26 |
ARTICLE X SUCCESSOR ENTITY |
26 |
Section 10.1 |
Company may Consolidate, etc. |
26 |
Section 10.2 |
Successor Entity Substituted. |
26 |
Section 10.3 |
Evidence of Consolidation, etc. To Trustee. |
27 |
ARTICLE XI SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE |
27 |
Section 11.1 |
Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. |
27 |
Section 11.2 |
Application of Trust Money. |
27 |
ARTICLE XII LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE |
28 |
Section 12.1 |
Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. |
28 |
Section 12.2 |
Legal Defeasance and Discharge. |
28 |
Section 12.3 |
Covenant Defeasance. |
28 |
Section 12.4 |
Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance. |
29 |
Section 12.5 |
Deposited Money and Government Securities to be Held in Trust; other Miscellaneous Provisions. |
29 |
Section 12.6 |
Repayment to Company. |
30 |
Section 12.7 |
Reinstatement. |
30 |
ARTICLE XIII IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS |
30 |
Section 13.1 |
No Recourse. |
30 |
ARTICLE XIV MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS |
30 |
Section 14.1 |
Effect on Successors and Assigns. |
30 |
Section 14.2 |
Actions by Successor. |
30 |
Section 14.3 |
Surrender of Company Powers. |
31 |
Section 14.4 |
Notices. |
31 |
Section 14.5 |
Governing Law/Waiver of Jury Trial. |
31 |
Section 14.6 |
Treatment of Securities as Debt. |
31 |
Section 14.7 |
Compliance Certificates and Opinions. |
31 |
Section 14.8 |
Payments on Business Days. |
31 |
Section 14.9 |
Conflict with Trust Indenture Act. |
31 |
Section 14.10 |
Counterparts. |
31 |
Section 14.11 |
Severability. |
31 |
Section 14.12 |
Compliance Certificates. |
32 |
Section 14.13 |
USA Patriot Act. |
32 |
Section 14.14 |
Consent to Jurisdiction and Service. |
32 |
Section 14.15 |
Force Majeure. |
32 |
INDENTURE
INDENTURE, dated as of [
], among IMMUNIC, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and ________________________________, a national banking
association organized under the laws of the United States, as trustee (the “Trustee”):
WHEREAS, for its lawful corporate
purposes, the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance of debt securities
(hereinafter referred to as the “Securities”), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from time to
time in one or more series as in this Indenture provided, as registered Securities without coupons, to be authenticated by the Trustee;
WHEREAS, to provide the terms
and conditions upon which the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly authorized the execution
of this Indenture; and
WHEREAS, all things necessary
to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration
of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal
and ratable benefit of the holders of Securities:
ARTICLE
I
DEFINITIONS
Section 1.1 |
Definitions of Terms. |
The terms defined in this Section (except as in this Indenture or
any Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires) for all
purposes of this Indenture and of any Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified
in this Section and shall include the plural as well as the singular. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined in the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or that are by reference in such Act defined in the Securities Act (except as herein or any
Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires), shall have
the meanings assigned to such terms in said Trust Indenture Act and in said Securities Act as in force at the date of the execution of
this instrument.
“Authenticating Agent” means
an authenticating agent with respect to all or any of the series of Securities appointed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.10.
“Affiliate” of any specified
Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such
specified person. For purposes of this definition, “control,” as used with respect to any Person, means the possession, directly
or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the ownership
of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise. For purposes of this definition, the terms “controlling,” “controlled
by” and “under common control with” have correlative meanings.
“Authorized Officer,” when
used with respect to the Company, means the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Co-Chief Executive Officers, the President, the Chief
Operating Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, the Secretary or any Executive
Vice President or Senior Vice President of the Company.
“Bankruptcy Law” means Title
11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.
“Board of Directors” means
the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of such Board.
“Board Resolution” means a
copy of one or more resolutions certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the
Board of Directors, or such committee of the Board of Directors or officers of the Company to which authority to act on behalf of the
Board of Directors has been delegated, and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and to be delivered to the
Trustee.
“Business Day” means, with
respect to any series of Securities, any day other than a day on which federal or state banking institutions in the Borough of Manhattan,
the City and State of New York, are authorized or obligated by law, executive order or regulation to close.
“Code” means the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“Commission” means the Securities
and Exchange Commission.
“Company” means Immunic, Inc.,
a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and, subject to the provisions of Article X, shall
also include its successors and assigns.
“Company Request” and “Company
Order” means a written request or order signed in the name of the Company by one or more Authorized Officers of the Company,
and delivered to the Trustee.
“Corporate Trust Office” means
the principal office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, this Indenture shall be administered, which office at the date
hereof is located at ; Attention: . With respect to presentation for transfer or exchange, conversions or principal payment, such address
shall be ; Attention: , or such other address as the Trustee may designate from time to time by written notice to the Securityholders
and the Company, or the principal corporate trust office of any successor Trustee (or such other address as such successor Trustee may
designate from time to time by written notice to the Securityholders and the Company).
“Covenant Defeasance” shall
have the meaning set forth in Section 12.3.
“Custodian” means any receiver,
trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.
“Default” means any event,
act or condition that with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default.
“Depositary” means, with respect
to Securities of any series for which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a Global Security, The Depository
Trust Company, New York, New York, another clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act,
or other applicable statute or regulation, which, in each case, shall be designated by the Company pursuant to either Section 2.1 or
2.11.
“Event of Default” means,
with respect to Securities of a particular series, any event specified in Section 6.1, continued for the period of time, if any, therein
designated.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Global Security” means, with
respect to any series of Securities, a Security executed by the Company and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to
the Depositary’s instruction, all in accordance with this Indenture, which shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or
its nominee.
“Governmental Obligations”
means securities that are (a) direct obligations of the U.S. for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (b) obligations
of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the U.S., the payment of which is unconditionally
guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the U.S. that, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the
issuer thereof, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act) as
custodian with respect to any such Governmental Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Governmental
Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt; provided, however, that (except as required
by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from
any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Governmental Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest on
the Governmental Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.
“herein,” “hereof”
and “hereunder,” and other words of similar import, refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article,
Section or other subdivision.
“Indenture” means this instrument
as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more Board Resolutions or one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into in accordance with the terms hereof.
“Interest Payment Date,” when
used with respect to any installment of interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date specified in such Security or in
a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto with respect to such series as the fixed date on which an installment of interest
with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable.
“Legal Defeasance” shall have
the meaning set forth in Section 12.2.
“Officer’s Certificate”
means a certificate signed by an Authorized Officer of the Company that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof.
Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 14.7, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.
An Officer’s Certificate given pursuant to Section 14.12 shall be signed by the principal executive, financial or accounting officer
of the Company but need not contain the statements provided for in Section 14.7.
“Opinion of Counsel” means
an opinion in writing subject to customary exceptions of legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company, that is
delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for in Section 14.7,
if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.
“Outstanding,” when used with
reference to Securities of any series, means, subject to the provisions of Section 8.4, as of any particular time, all Securities of
that series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except (a) Securities theretofore canceled by
the Trustee, or delivered to the Trustee or any Paying Agent for cancellation or that have previously been canceled; (b) Securities or
portions thereof for the payment or redemption of which cash or Governmental Obligations in the necessary amount shall have been irrevocably
deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any Paying Agent (other than the Company) or shall have been set aside and segregated in
trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent); provided, however, that if such Securities or portions of such
Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption shall have been given as in Article III provided,
or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such notice; and (c) Securities in lieu of or in substitution
for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the terms of Section 2.7, unless the Trustee and the
Company receive proof satisfactory to them that the replaced Security is held by a protected purchaser.
“Paying Agent” shall have
the meaning set forth in Section 4.2(a).
“Person” means any individual,
corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, limited liability company
or government or other entity, and includes any syndicate or group that would be deemed to be a “person” under Section 13(d)(3)
of the Exchange Act.
“Predecessor Security” of
any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular
Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.7 in lieu of a lost, destroyed
or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security.
“Redemption Date,” when used
with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.
“Securities” shall have the
meaning set forth in the recitals to this Indenture.
“Securities Act” means the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“Securityholder,” “holder
of Securities,” “registered holder,” or other similar term, means the Person or Persons in whose name or
names a particular Security shall be registered on the Security Register in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.
“Security Register” shall
have the meaning set forth in Section 4.2(a).
“Security Registrar” shall
have the meaning set forth in Section 4.2(a).
“Stated Maturity,” when used
with respect to any security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified in such Security or
a coupon representing such installment of interest as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal
or interest is due and payable.
“Subsidiary” means, with respect
to any Person, (i) any corporation at least a majority of whose outstanding Voting Stock shall at the time be owned, directly or indirectly,
by such Person or by one or more of its Subsidiaries or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries, (ii) any general partnership,
joint venture or similar entity, at least a majority of whose outstanding partnership or similar interests shall at the time be owned
by such Person, or by one or more of its Subsidiaries, or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries and (iii) any limited partnership
of which such Person or any of its Subsidiaries is a general partner.
“Trustee” means , and, subject
to the provisions of Article VII, shall also include its successors and assigns, and, if at any time there is more than one Person acting
in such capacity hereunder, “Trustee” shall mean each such Person. The term “Trustee” as used with respect to
a particular series of the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to that series.
“Trust Indenture Act” means
the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.
“Trust Officer” means any
officer of the Trustee with direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture and also means, with respect to a particular
corporate trust matter hereunder, any other officer of the Trustee to whom such matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of
and familiarity with the particular subject.
“Uniform Commercial Code”
means the New York Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time.
“U.S.” means the United States
of America.
“USA Patriot Act” shall have
the meaning set forth in Section 14.13.
“Voting Stock,” as applied
to stock of any Person, means shares, interests, participations or other equivalents in the equity interest (however designated) in such
Person having ordinary voting power for the election of a majority of the directors (or the equivalent) of such Person, other than shares,
interests, participations or other equivalents having such power only by reason of the occurrence of a contingency.
SECTION 1.2 |
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF TRUST INDENTURE ACT. |
Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision
of the Trust Indenture Act, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture.
All Trust Indenture Act terms used in this Indenture
that are defined by the Trust Indenture Act, defined by Trust Indenture Act reference to another statute or defined by Commission rule
have the meanings assigned to them by such definitions.
ARTICLE
II
ISSUE,
DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION
AND
EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES
Section 2.1 |
Designation and Terms of Securities. |
The aggregate principal amount of Securities
that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more series up to the
aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or pursuant
to one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the initial issuance of Securities of any series, there shall be established
in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental
hereto:
(1) the title of the Securities
of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that series from all other Securities);
(2) the principal amount
of the Securities being offered and any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series that may be authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange
for, or in lieu of, other Securities of that series);
(3) the date or dates on
which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable, any original issue discount that may apply to the Securities of that
series upon their issuance, the principal amount due at maturity, and the place(s) of payment;
(4) the rate or rates at
which the Securities of the series shall bear interest or the manner of calculation of such rate or rates, if any, and whether the rate(s)
are fixed or variable;
(5) the date or dates from
which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable or the manner of determination of
such Interest Payment Dates, the place(s) of payment, and the record date for the determination of holders to whom interest is payable
on any such Interest Payment Dates or the manner of determination of such record dates;
(6) the right, if any, to
extend the interest payment periods and the duration of such extension;
(7) the period or periods
within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole
or in part, at the option of the Company;
(8) the obligation, if any,
of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund, mandatory redemption, or analogous provisions
(including payments made in cash in satisfaction of future sinking fund obligations) or at the option of a holder thereof and the period
or periods within which, the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed
or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;
(9) the terms of the subordination
of any series of subordinated debt;
(10) the form of the Securities
of the series including the form of the certificate of authentication for such series;
(11) if other than minimum
denominations of two thousand U.S. dollars ($2,000) or any integral multiple of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) in excess thereof,
the minimum denominations and multiples in excess thereof in which the Securities of the series shall be issuable;
(12) whether the Securities
are issuable as a Global Security and, in such case, the terms and the identity of the Depositary for such series;
(13) whether the Securities
will be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock or other securities of the Company or any other Person or other securities
and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange
price, as applicable, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at the Company’s option or the
holders’ option) conversion or exchange features, and the applicable conversion or exchange period;
(14) if other than the principal
amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration
of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.1;
(15) any additional or different
Events of Default or restrictive covenants (which may but shall not be required to include, among other restrictions, restrictions on
the Company’s ability or the ability of the Company’s Subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue additional securities;
create liens; pay dividends or make distributions in respect of their capital stock; redeem capital stock; in the case of such Subsidiaries,
pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets; make investments or other restricted payments; sell or otherwise dispose of assets;
enter into sale leaseback transactions; engage in transactions with stockholders and affiliates; issue or sell stock of the Company’s
Subsidiaries; or effect a consolidation or merger) or financial covenants (which may include, among other financial covenants, financial
covenants that require the Company and its Subsidiaries to maintain specified interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based, asset-based
or other financial ratios) provided for with respect to the Securities of the series;
(16) if other than U.S. dollars,
the coin or currency in which the Securities of the series are denominated (including, but not limited to, foreign currency);
(17) the terms and conditions,
if any, upon which the Company shall pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any, and principal amounts of the Securities
of the series to any Securityholder that is not a “United States person” for federal tax purposes, and the terms and conditions,
if any, relating to the Company’s ability to redeem such Securities if the Company is required to pay such additional amounts;
(18) a discussion of any
material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the Securities of the series;
(19) any restrictions on
transfer, sale or assignment of the Securities of the series;
(20) the terms, if any, relating
to any auction or remarketing of the Securities of the series and any security for the obligations of the Company with respect to such
Securities;
(21) whether the Securities
of the series are secured or unsecured, and if the Securities are secured, the terms of the secured Securities;
(22) information describing
any book-entry features;
(23) the identity of any
guarantors and the terms of the guarantees; and
(24) any and all other terms
with respect to the series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the terms of this Indenture, as amended by any Board Resolution
or supplemental indenture, but which may modify or delete any provisions of this Indenture insofar as it applies to such series), including
any terms which may be required by or advisable under the laws of the U.S. or regulations thereunder or advisable (as determined by the
Company) in connection with the marketing of Securities of that series.
All Securities of any one series shall be substantially
identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to any such Board Resolution or in any indentures
supplemental hereto.
If any of the terms of the series are established
by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the
secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officer’s Certificate
of the Company setting forth the terms of the series.
Securities of any particular series may be issued
at various times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of principal is payable, with different rates of interest,
if any, or different methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on which such interest may be payable
and with different redemption dates. A series may be reopened for issuances of additional Securities of such series or to establish additional
terms of such Securities.
Section 2.2 |
Form of Securities and Trustee’s Certificate. |
The Securities of any series and the Trustee’s
certificate of authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially of the tenor and purport as set forth in one or more
indentures supplemental hereto or as provided in a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, and they may have
such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved
thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required
to comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any securities exchange
on which Securities of that series may be listed, or to conform to usage.
Section 2.3 |
Denominations; Provisions for Payment. |
The Securities shall be issuable as registered
Securities and in the minimum denomination of two thousand U.S. dollars ($2,000) or any integral multiple of one thousand U.S. dollars
($1,000) in excess thereof, subject to Section 2.1(11). The Securities of a particular series shall bear interest payable on the dates
and at the rate specified with respect to that series. The principal of and the interest on the Securities of any series, as well as any
premium thereon, shall be payable in the coin or currency of the U.S. that at the time is legal tender for public and private debt, at
the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in the United States, which shall initially be an office or agency of
the Trustee. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. Interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of
a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months. Presentment and surrender of the Securities is required for final payment thereon.
The interest installment on any Security that
is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of that series shall be paid to
the Person in whose name said Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the regular
record date for such interest installment. In the event that any Security of a particular series or portion thereof is called for redemption
and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with respect to any Interest Payment Date and prior to such Interest Payment
Date, interest on such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such Security as provided in Section 3.3.
Any interest on any Security that is payable,
but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of the same series (herein called “Defaulted
Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular record date by virtue of having
been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the Company, at its election, as provided in clause (1) or clause (2)
below:
(1) The Company may make
payment of any Defaulted Interest on Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities)
are registered at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in
the following manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each
such Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money
equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the
Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of
the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a special record date for
the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall not be more than 15 nor less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment
and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the
Company of such special record date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of
such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor to be mailed, first class postage prepaid (or, in the case of Securities
held in book-entry form, by electronic transmission), to each Securityholder at his or her address as it appears in the Security Register
(as hereinafter defined), not less than 10 days prior to such special record date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest
and the special record date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names
such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered on such special record date.
(2) The Company may make
payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities
exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by
the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the
Trustee.
Unless otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution
or one or more indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof, the
term “regular record date” as used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities and any Interest Payment
Date for such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date
established for such series pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the first day of a month, or
the last day of the month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section
2.1 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date is a Business Day.
Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section
and Sections 2.5 and 2.11, each Security of a series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of
any other Security of such series shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other
Security.
SECTION 2.4 |
EXECUTION AND AUTHENTICATION. |
The Securities shall be signed on behalf of the
Company by an Authorized Officer and, to the extent necessary, under its corporate seal. Signatures may be in the form of a manual or
facsimile signature.
The Company may use the facsimile signature of
any Person who shall have been an Authorized Officer thereof, notwithstanding the fact that at the time the Securities shall be authenticated
and delivered or disposed of such Person shall have ceased to be such an officer of the Company. To the extent a Company seal is necessary,
the Company seal may be in the form of a facsimile of such seal and may be impressed, affixed, imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the
Securities. The Securities may contain such notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. Each Security
shall be dated the date of its authentication by the Trustee.
A Security shall not be valid until authenticated
manually by an authorized signatory of the Trustee. Such signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security so authenticated has
been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the holder is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. At any time and from
time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the Company
to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, signed by an
Authorized Officer, and the Trustee in accordance with such Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities.
In authenticating such Securities and accepting
the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall receive, and (subject to Section
7.1) shall be fully protected in conclusively relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the form and terms thereof have been established
in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture.
The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate
such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities
under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.
SECTION 2.5 |
REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE. |
(a) Securities of any series
may be exchanged upon presentation thereof at the office of the Security Registrar, for other Securities of such series of authorized
denominations, and for a like aggregate principal amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge
in relation thereto, all as provided in this Section. In respect of any Securities so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute,
the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange therefor the Security or Securities of the same series
that the Securityholder making the exchange shall be entitled to receive, bearing numbers not contemporaneously outstanding.
(b) Upon surrender for transfer
of any Security at the office of the Security Registrar, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and the Security Registrar
shall deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series as the Security presented
for a like aggregate principal amount.
All Securities presented or surrendered for exchange
or registration of transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar)
by a written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar, duly executed by the
registered holder or by such holder’s duly authorized attorney in writing.
(c) Except as provided pursuant
to Section 2.1 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures
supplemental to this Indenture, no service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer of Securities, or issue
of new Securities in case of partial repurchase or redemption of any series, but the Company and the Trustee may require payment of a
sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.6, Section
3.3(b) and Section 9.4 not involving any transfer.
(d) The Company shall not
be required (i) to issue, exchange or register the transfer of any Securities during a period beginning at the opening of business 15
days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of less than all the Outstanding Securities of the same series and ending
at the close of business on the day of such mailing, nor (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Securities of any series or
portion thereof called for redemption, other than the unredeemed portion of any such Securities being redeemed in part
(e) Successive registrations
and registrations of transfers and exchanges as aforesaid may be made from time to time as desired, and each such registration shall
be noted on the register for the Securities.
(f) The Security Registrar
shall provide to the Trustee such information as the Trustee may reasonably require in connection with the delivery by such Security
Registrar of Securities upon transfer or exchange of Securities.
(g) The provisions of this
Section 2.5 are, with respect to any Global Security, subject to Section 2.11 hereof.
(h) The Trustee shall have
no obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this Indenture
or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Security (including any transfers between or among Depositary
participants or beneficial owners of interests in any Global Security) other than to require delivery of such certificates and other
documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture,
and to examine the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements hereof.
(i) Neither the Trustee nor
any agent shall have any responsibility or liability for any actions taken or not taken by the Depositary.
SECTION 2.6 |
TEMPORARY SECURITIES. |
Pending the preparation of definitive Securities
of any series, the Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities (printed, lithographed or
typewritten) of any authorized denomination. Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of the definitive Securities
in lieu of which they are issued, but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Securities,
all as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of any series shall be executed by the Company and be authenticated
by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive Securities of such
series. Without unnecessary delay the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities of such series and thereupon any or
all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefor (without charge to the holders), at the office of the
Security Registrar, and the Trustee shall authenticate and the Security Registrar shall deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities
an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of such series, unless the Company advises the Trustee to the effect that
definitive Securities need not be executed and furnished until further notice from the Company. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities
of such series shall be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series authenticated and
delivered hereunder.
SECTION 2.7 |
MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST OR STOLEN SECURITIES. |
In case any temporary or definitive Security
shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next succeeding sentence) shall execute, and upon
a Company Request, the Trustee (subject as aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same series, bearing a number
not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for the
Security so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case, the requirements of Section 8-405 of the Uniform Commercial Code shall be met and
the applicant for a substituted Security shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by
them to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Company
and the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of the applicant’s Security and of the ownership
thereof. The Trustee may authenticate any such substituted Security and deliver the same upon the delivery of a Company Order. Upon the
issuance of any substituted Security, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.
In case any Security that has matured or is about
to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security, pay or authorize
the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated Security) if the applicant for such payment shall
furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require to save them harmless, and, in case of destruction,
loss or theft, evidence to the satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss or theft of such Security and of
the ownership thereof.
Every replacement Security issued pursuant to
the provisions of this Section shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company whether or not the mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Security shall be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture
equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same series duly issued hereunder. All Securities shall be held
and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all other rights or remedies, notwithstanding
any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of negotiable instruments
or other securities without their surrender.
SECTION 2.8 |
CANCELLATION. |
All Securities surrendered for the purpose of
payment, redemption, exchange or registration of transfer shall, if surrendered to the Company or any Paying Agent, be delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued in lieu thereof
except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. On the delivery of a Company Order at the time of
such surrender, the Trustee shall cancel Securities held by the Trustee in accordance with its standard procedures and applicable law
and provide confirmation to the Company of such cancellation if requested by the Company. In the absence of such request, the Trustee
may dispose of canceled Securities in accordance with its standard procedures and deliver evidence of cancellation to the Company. If
the Company shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction
of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.
SECTION 2.9 |
BENEFITS OF INDENTURE. |
Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities,
express or implied, shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and the holders of the Securities
any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under any covenant, condition or provision herein
contained; all such covenants, conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and of the holders of the Securities.
SECTION 2.10 |
AUTHENTICATING AGENT. |
So long as any of the Securities of any series
remain Outstanding there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities which the Trustee shall have the right
to appoint. Said Authenticating Agent shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued
upon exchange, transfer or partial redemption thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture
and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. All references in this Indenture to
the authentication of Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to include authentication by an Authenticating Agent for such series.
Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation that has a combined capital and surplus, as most
recently reported or determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction under which it is organized or in which it is doing
business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under such laws to conduct such business and is subject to supervision
or examination by federal or state authorities. If at any time any Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with
these provisions, it shall resign immediately.
Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign
by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time (and upon a Company Request shall)
terminate the agency of any Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company.
Upon resignation, termination or cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may appoint an eligible successor
Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall
become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent pursuant
hereto.
SECTION 2.11 |
GLOBAL SECURITIES. |
(a) If the Company shall
establish pursuant to Section 2.1 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global Security, then the Company
shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with Section 2.4, authenticate and deliver, a Global Security that (i) shall represent,
and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, all of the Outstanding Securities of such series, (ii)
shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant
to the Depositary’s instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect: “Except as otherwise
provided in Section 2.11 of this Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to another nominee of the
Depositary or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.”
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions
of Section 2.5, the Global Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner provided in Section 2.5,
only to another nominee of the Depositary for such series, or to a successor Depositary for such series selected or approved by the Company
or to a nominee of such successor Depositary. Nothing in this Section 2.11(b) shall prohibit or render ineffective any transfer of a
beneficial interest in a Global Security effected in accordance with the other provisions of this Indenture.
(c) If at any time the Depositary
for a series of the Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such series or if at
any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange Act, or other applicable
statute or regulation, and a successor Depositary for such series is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives
such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, or if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the Company
has received a request from the Depositary, this Section 2.11 shall no longer be applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company
will execute, and subject to Section 2.4, the Trustee will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered
form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security
of such series in exchange for such Global Security. In addition, the Company may at any time determine that the Securities of any series
shall no longer be represented by a Global Security and that the provisions of this Section 2.11 shall no longer apply to the Securities
of such series. In such event the Company will execute and, subject to Section 2.4, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officer’s Certificate
evidencing such determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form
without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security
of such series in exchange for such Global Security. Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in definitive registered
form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities in definitive
registered form issued in exchange for the Global Security pursuant to this Section 2.11(c) shall be registered in such names and in such
authorized denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct
the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.
SECTION 2.12 |
CUSIP AND ISIN NUMBERS. |
The Company, in issuing the Securities, shall
use CUSIP and ISIN numbers for such Securities (if then generally in use). The Trustee shall use CUSIP and ISIN numbers in notices of
redemption as a convenience to holders; provided, however, that neither the Company nor the Trustee shall have any responsibility for
any defect in the CUSIP or ISIN number that appears on any Security, check, advice of payment or redemption notice, and any such notice
may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in
any notice of redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Securities, and any such
redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing
in the event of any change in the CUSIP or ISIN numbers.
ARTICLE
III
REDEMPTION
OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS
The Company may redeem the Securities of any
series issued hereunder on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established for such series pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof.
The provisions of this Article III may be modified, amended or replaced, in part or in their entirety, with Securities of any series,
by an Officer’s Certificate pursuant to a Board Resolution or one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case in accordance
with Section 2.1 hereof.
SECTION 3.2 |
NOTICE OF REDEMPTION. |
(a) In case the Company shall
desire to exercise such right to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series in accordance with any
right the Company reserved for itself to do so pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof, the Company shall, or shall cause the Trustee to, give
notice of such redemption to holders of the Securities of such series to be redeemed by mailing, first class postage prepaid (or, in
the case of Securities held in book-entry form, by electronic transmission), a notice of such redemption not less than 30 days and not
more than 60 days (except in accordance with Articles XI and XII) before the date fixed for redemption of that series to such holders
at their last addresses as they shall appear upon the Security Register, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be
redeemed. Any notice that is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or
not the registered holder receives the notice. In any case, failure duly to give such notice to the holder of any Security of any series
designated for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect in the notice, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the
redemption of any other Securities of such series or any other series. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration
of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish
the Trustee with an Officer’s Certificate evidencing compliance with any such restriction.
Each such notice of redemption shall specify
the date fixed for redemption and the redemption price at which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and shall state that payment
of the redemption price of such Securities to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Paying Agent or as otherwise established
in a Board Resolution or an indenture supplemental hereto, upon presentation and surrender of such Securities, that interest accrued
to the date fixed for redemption will be paid as specified in said notice, that from and after said date interest will cease to accrue
and that the redemption is from a sinking fund, if such is the case. If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed,
the notice to the holders of Securities of that series to be redeemed in part shall specify the particular Securities to be so redeemed.
In case any Security is to be redeemed in part
only, the notice that relates to such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed, and shall state
that on and after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal amount
equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.
(b) If less than all the Securities
of a series are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days’ notice (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory
to the Trustee) in advance of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of the series to be redeemed,
and thereupon the Trustee shall select, (i) if the Securities are in the form of Global Securities, in accordance with the procedures
of the Depositary, or (ii) if the Securities are not in the form of Global Securities, by lot, a portion or portions (equal to one thousand
U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of such Securities of a denomination larger than $2,000,
the Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of the Securities to be redeemed,
in whole or in part. The Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of instructions signed on its behalf by an Authorized
Officer, instruct the Trustee or any Paying Agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a particular series for redemption and
to give notice of redemption in the manner set forth in this Section, such notice to be in the name of the Company or its own name as
the Trustee or such Paying Agent may deem advisable. In any case in which notice of redemption is to be given by the Trustee or any such
Paying Agent, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or permit to remain with, the Trustee or such Paying Agent, as the
case may be, such Security Register, transfer books or other records, or suitable copies or extracts therefrom, sufficient to enable the
Trustee or such Paying Agent to give any notice by mail that may be required under the provisions of this Section.
SECTION 3.3 |
PAYMENT UPON REDEMPTION. |
(a) If the giving of notice
of redemption shall have been completed as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities of the series to be redeemed specified
in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption price, together
with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption and interest on such Securities or portions of Securities shall cease to accrue
on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default in the payment of such redemption price and accrued interest
with respect to any such Security or portion thereof. On presentation and surrender of such Securities on or after the date fixed for
redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice, said Securities shall be paid and redeemed at the applicable redemption price
for such series, together with interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption is an
interest payment date, the interest installment payable on such date shall be payable to the registered holder at the close of business
on the applicable record date pursuant to Section 2.3).
(b) Upon presentation of
any Security of such series that is to be redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and the
office or agency where the Security is presented shall deliver to the holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Security of
the same series of authorized denominations in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so presented.
SECTION 3.4 |
SINKING FUND. |
If Securities of a series provide for a sinking
fund as contemplated by Section 2.1, the provisions of this Section 3.4 and Sections 3.5 and 3.6 shall be applicable to any sinking fund
for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.1 for Securities of such series.
The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment
provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment,”
and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an “optional
sinking fund payment.” If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment
may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 3.5. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of
any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.
SECTION 3.5 |
SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES. |
The Company (i) may deliver Outstanding Securities
of a series and (ii) may apply as a credit Securities of a series that have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant
to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such
Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of such series
required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series, provided that such Securities
have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the redemption
price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall
be reduced accordingly.
SECTION 3.6 |
REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND. |
Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund
payment date for any series of Securities (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), the Company will deliver to
the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to
the terms of the series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant
to Section 3.5 and the basis for such credit and will, together with such Officer’s Certificate, deliver to the Trustee any Securities
to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed
upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.2 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the
name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.2. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of
such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section 3.3.
ARTICLE
IV
COVENANTS
SECTION 4.1 |
PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST. |
The Company will duly and punctually pay or cause
to be paid the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that series at the time and place and in the manner
provided herein and established with respect to such Securities. Payments of principal on the Securities may be made at the time provided
herein and established with respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check drawn on and mailed to the address of the Securityholder
entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account (such
a wire transfer to be made only to a Securityholder of an aggregate principal amount of Securities of the applicable series in excess
of U.S. $2,000,000 and only if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions to the Trustee no later than 15 days prior
to the relevant payment date). Payments of interest on the Securities may be made at the time provided herein and established with respect
to such Securities by U.S. dollar check mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall appear in
the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account (such a wire transfer to be made only to a Securityholder
of an aggregate principal amount of Securities of the applicable series in excess of U.S. $2,000,000 and only if such Securityholder
shall have furnished wire instructions in writing to the Security Registrar and the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant
payment date).
SECTION 4.2 |
PAYING AGENT AND SECURITY REGISTRAR. |
(a) So long as any series
of the Securities remain Outstanding, the Company shall maintain an office or agency where Securities may be presented for registration
of transfer or for exchange (“Security Registrar”), an office or agency where Securities may be presented for payment
(“Paying Agent”) and an office or agency where notices to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities and this
Indenture may be served. The Security Registrar shall keep a register for the recordation of, and shall record, the names and addresses
of holders of the Securities, the Securities held by each holder and the transfer and exchange of Securities (the “Security
Register”). The entries in the Security Register shall be conclusive, and the parties may treat each Person whose name is recorded
in the Security Register pursuant to the terms hereof as a holder hereunder for all purposes of this Indenture. The Company may have
one or more co-Security Registrars and one or more additional Paying Agents.
The Company hereby initially designates the Trustee
as Paying Agent and Security Registrar, and the Corporate Trust Office shall be considered as one such office or agency of the Company
for each of the aforesaid purposes, such designation to continue with respect to such office or agency until the Company shall, by written
notice signed by an Authorized Officer and delivered to the Trustee, designate some other office or agency for such purposes or any of
them.
(b) The Company shall enter
into an appropriate agency agreement with any Security Registrar, Paying Agent, or co-registrar not a party to this Indenture, which
shall incorporate the terms of the Trust Indenture Act. The agreement shall implement the provisions of this Indenture that relate to
such agent. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the name and address of any such agent. If the Company fails to maintain
a Security Registrar or Paying Agent, the Trustee shall act as such and shall be entitled to appropriate compensation therefor. The Company
and any of its Subsidiaries may act as Paying Agent, Security Registrar or co-registrar.
(c) If the Company shall
appoint one or more Paying Agents for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company will cause each such Paying
Agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions
of this Section:
(1) that it will
hold all sums held by it as such agent for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that
series (whether such sums have been paid to it by the Company or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for the benefit of
the Persons entitled thereto;
(2) that it will
give the Trustee notice of any failure by the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment of the principal
of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series when the same shall be due and payable;
(3) that it will,
at any time during the continuance of any failure referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2) above, upon the written request of the
Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent; and
(4) that it will
perform all other duties of Paying Agent as set forth in this Indenture.
(d) If the Company shall act
as its own Paying Agent with respect to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date of the principal of (and premium,
if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto
a sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due on Securities of that series until such sums
shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of such action, or any
failure (by it or any other obligor on such Securities) to take such action. Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents
for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities
of that series, deposit with the Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due,
such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such Paying Agent
is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of this action or failure so to act.
(e) Notwithstanding anything
in this Section to the contrary, the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture
or for any other purpose, pay, or direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying
Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon which such sums were held by the Company
or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by the Company or any Paying Agent to the Trustee, the Company or such Paying Agent shall
be released from all further liability with respect to such money.
SECTION 4.3 |
APPOINTMENT TO FILL VACANCY IN OFFICE OF TRUSTEE. |
The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill
a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10, a Trustee, so that there shall at all times
be a Trustee hereunder.
SECTION 4.4 |
COMPLIANCE WITH CONSOLIDATION PROVISIONS. |
The Company will not, while any of the Securities
remain Outstanding, consolidate with or merge into any other Person, in either case where the Company is not the survivor of such transaction,
or sell or convey all or substantially all of its property to any other Person unless the provisions of Article X hereof are complied
with.
ARTICLE
V
SECURITYHOLDERS’
LISTS AND REPORTS BY
THE
COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE
SECTION 5.1 |
COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF SECURITYHOLDERS. |
The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished
to the Trustee (a) on each regular record date (as defined in Section 2.3) a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require,
of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of Securities as of such regular record date, provided that the Company shall
not be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at any time that the list shall not differ in any respect from the most recent
list furnished to the Trustee by the Company and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing within 30 days after the
receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such
list is furnished; provided, however, that, in either case, no such list need be furnished for any series for which the Trustee shall
be the Security Registrar.
SECTION 5.2 |
PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION; COMMUNICATIONS WITH SECURITYHOLDERS. |
(a) The Trustee shall preserve
in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of the Securityholders
of each series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with Section 312(a) of the Trust Indenture Act. If the Trustee is not the Security
Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least ten (10) days before each interest payment date with respect to any series
of Securities and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may
reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Securityholders of such series of Securities, which list may be conclusively relied
upon by the Trustee.
(b) Securityholders of any
series may communicate pursuant to Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders of that series or any other series
with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities of that series or any other series.
(c) The Company, the Trustee,
the Security Registrar and any other Person shall have the protection of Section 312(c) of the Trust Indenture Act.
SECTION 5.3 |
REPORTS BY THE COMPANY. |
(a) So long as any Security
is Outstanding, the Company shall furnish a copy to the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company files the same with the Commission,
copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as
the Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company files with the Commission pursuant to Section
13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, the Company shall not be required to deliver to the Trustee any materials
for which the Company has sought and received confidential treatment by the Commission; and provided further, so long as such filings
by the Company are available on the Commission’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (EDGAR), such filings
shall be deemed to have been furnished to the Trustee for purposes of this Section 5.3 without any further action required by the Company.
The Trustee shall have no obligation whatsoever to determine whether or not such filings have been made.
(b) Delivery of such reports,
information and documents to the Trustee shall be for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute
constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s
compliance with any of the covenants contained in this Indenture (as to which the Trustee is entitled to conclusively rely upon an Officer’s
Certificate).
SECTION 5.4 |
REPORTS BY THE TRUSTEE. |
(a) The Trustee shall transmit
to the Securityholders such reports concerning the Trustee and its actions under this Indenture as may be required pursuant to the Trust
Indenture Act at the time and in the manner provided pursuant thereto. If required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the
Trustee shall, within 60 days after each May 15 following the date of this Indenture, deliver to holders a brief report, dated as of
such May 15, which complies with the provisions of such Section 313(a).
(b) The Trustee shall comply
with Section 313(b) and 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act.
(c) A copy of each such report
shall, at the time of such transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company, with each securities exchange upon
which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the Commission. The Company agrees to notify the Trustee when any Securities
become listed on any securities exchange.
ARTICLE
VI
REMEDIES
OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS
ON EVENT
OF DEFAULT
SECTION 6.1 |
EVENTS OF DEFAULT. |
(a) Whenever used herein
with respect to Securities of a particular series, unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto,
“Event of Default” means any one or more of the following events that has occurred and is continuing:
(1) the Company
defaults in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of the Securities of that series, as and when the same shall become due
and payable, and such default continues for a period of 30 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period
by the Company in accordance with the terms of any Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in
the payment of interest for this purpose;
(2) the Company
defaults in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall
become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or
analogous fund established with respect to that series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity of such Securities
in accordance with the terms of any Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of
principal or premium, if any;
(3) the Company
defaults in the performance or breach of its covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this Indenture or otherwise
established with respect to that series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof (other than a covenant or agreement that has been
expressly included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of Securities other than such series) for a period
of 90 consecutive days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such
notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered or certified
mail, or to the Company and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Securities of that series at the time
Outstanding;
(4) the Company
pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief
against it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property
or (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors;
(5) a court of
competent jurisdiction enters an order under any Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case, (ii)
appoints a Custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of its property or (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company, and
the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 consecutive days; or
(6) certain other
specified events, as may be provided for in a Board Resolution or in a supplemental indenture.
(b) In each and every such
case (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above), unless the principal of all the Securities of that
series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount
of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such
Securityholders), may, and the Trustee at the request of the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities
of that series then outstanding hereunder shall, declare the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on
all the Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall be
immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above occurs, the principal of and accrued
and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series shall automatically be immediately due and payable without any declaration or
other act on the part of the Trustee or the holders of the Securities.
(c) At any time after the
principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities of that series shall have been so declared due
and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as hereinafter provided,
the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by written notice
to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if: (i) the Company has paid or deposited
with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all the Securities of that series and the principal
of (and premium, if any, on) any and all Securities of that series that shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest
upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the extent that such payment is enforceable under applicable law, upon overdue installments
of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series to the date of such payment or deposit) and the amount
payable to the Trustee under Section 7.6, and (ii) any and all Events of Default under this Indenture with respect to such series, other
than the nonpayment of principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on Securities of that series that shall
not have become due by their terms, shall have been remedied or waived as provided in Section 6.6.
No such rescission and annulment shall extend
to or shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.
(d) In case the Trustee shall
have proceeded to enforce any right with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such proceedings shall have been
discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or annulment or for any other reason or shall have been determined adversely to
the Trustee, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceedings, the Company and the Trustee shall be restored
respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the Company and the Trustee shall
continue as though no such proceedings had been taken.
SECTION 6.2 |
COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE. |
(a) The Company covenants
that (i) in case it shall default in the payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a series, and such default
shall have continued for a period of 30 days, or (ii) in case it shall default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any,
on) any of the Securities of a series when the same shall have become due and payable, whether upon maturity of the Securities of a series
or upon redemption or upon declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect
to that series as and when the same shall have become due and payable, then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay to the
Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of that series, the whole amount that then shall have been become due and payable
on all such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) or interest, or both, as the case may be, with interest upon the overdue principal
(and premium, if any) and (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) upon overdue installments
of interest at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series; and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall
be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.6.
(b) If the Company shall
fail to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, shall be entitled
and empowered to institute any action or proceeding at law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute
any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment or final decree against the Company or other
obligor upon the Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law or
equity out of the property of the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series, wherever situated.
(c) In case of any receivership,
insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial proceedings affecting the Company,
or its creditors or property, the Trustee shall have power to intervene in such proceedings and take any action therein that may be permitted
by the court and shall (except as may be otherwise provided by law) be entitled to file such proofs of claim and other papers and documents
as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the holders of Securities of such series allowed for
the entire amount due and payable by the Company under this Indenture at the date of institution of such proceedings and for any additional
amount that may become due and payable by the Company after such date, and to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable
or deliverable on any such claim, and to distribute the same after the deduction of the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.6;
and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization is hereby authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such
series to make such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly
to such Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it under Section 7.6.
(d) All rights of action
and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities of that series, may be
enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities, or the production thereof at any trial or other proceeding
relative thereto, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express
trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for payment to the Trustee of any amounts due under Section 7.6, be for the
ratable benefit of the holders of the Securities of such series.
In case of an Event of Default hereunder, the
Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings
as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise,
whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power
granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.
Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize
the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment
or composition affecting the Securities of that series or the rights of any holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect
of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding.
SECTION 6.3 |
APPLICATION OF MONEYS COLLECTED. |
Any moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant
to this Article VI with respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed
by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest, upon presentation
of the Securities of that series, and notation thereon of the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:
FIRST: To the payment of
reasonable costs and expenses of collection and of all amounts payable to the Trustee under Section 7.6;
SECOND: To the payment to
holders of Securities of the amounts then due and unpaid upon Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any), amounts
payable upon redemption or repurchase of the Securities, and interest, in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has
been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for
principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively; and
THIRD: To the payment of
the remainder, if any, to the Company or any other Person lawfully entitled thereto.
The Trustee may fix a record date and payment
date for any payment to holders pursuant to this Section 6.3. At least 15 days before such record date, the Company shall mail to each
holder and the Trustee a notice that states the record date, the payment date and the amount to be paid.
SECTION 6.4 |
LIMITATION ON SUITS. |
No holder of any Security of any series shall
have any right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit, action or proceeding in equity or at
law upon or under or with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder,
unless (i) such holder previously shall have given to the Trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof
with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default, as hereinbefore provided; (ii) the holders of not less
than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have made written request upon the Trustee
to institute such action, suit or proceeding in its own name as Trustee hereunder; (iii) such holder or holders shall have offered to
the Trustee such indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, losses, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or
thereby; (iv) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity, shall have failed to institute
any such action, suit or proceeding and (v) during such 60 day period, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities
of that series do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request.
Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the
contrary or any other provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security to receive payment of the principal of (and
premium, if any) and interest on such Security, as therein provided, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security (or
in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective
dates or redemption date, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder and by accepting a Security hereunder it
is expressly understood, intended and covenanted by the taker and holder of every Security of such series with every other such taker
and holder and the Trustee, that no one or more holders of Securities of such series shall have any right in any manner whatsoever by
virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of the holders of any other of such
Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such holder, or to enforce any right under this Indenture,
except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all holders of Securities of such series (it being
understood that the Trustee does not have an affirmative duty to ascertain whether or not such actions or forbearances are unduly prejudicial
to such holders). For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee
shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.
SECTION 6.5 |
RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE; DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER. |
(a) Except as otherwise provided
in Section 2.7, all powers and remedies given by this Article VI to the Trustee or to the Securityholders shall, to the extent permitted
by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any other powers and remedies available to the Trustee or the holders of the Securities,
by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of the covenants and agreements contained in this Indenture
or otherwise established with respect to such Securities.
(b) No delay or omission
of the Trustee or of any holder of any of the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default occurring
and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such default or an acquiescence
therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.4, every power and remedy given by this Article VI or by law to the Trustee or the
Securityholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Securityholders.
SECTION 6.6 |
CONTROL BY SECURITYHOLDERS. |
The holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with Section 8.4, shall have the right to direct
the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred
on the Trustee with respect to such series; provided, however, that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with
this Indenture. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if
the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Trust Officer or officers of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed, subject to
the Trustee’s duties under the Trust Indenture Act, would involve the Trustee in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial
to the Securityholders not involved in the proceeding. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any
series at the time Outstanding affected thereby, determined in accordance with Section 8.4, may on behalf of the holders of all of the
Securities of such series waive any past default in the performance of any of the covenants contained herein or established pursuant
to Section 2.1 with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, or premium, if
any, or interest on, any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due by the terms of such Securities otherwise
than by acceleration (unless such default has been cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal
and any premium has been deposited with the Trustee (in accordance with Section 6.1(c)), which requires the consent of each holder affected
by such waiver. Upon any such waiver, the default covered thereby shall be deemed to be cured for all purposes of this Indenture and
the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities of such series shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder,
respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.
SECTION 6.7 |
UNDERTAKING TO PAY COSTS. |
All parties to this Indenture agree, and each
holder of any Securities by such holder’s acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion
require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action
taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and
that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant
in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions
of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder, or group of Securityholders,
holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Securityholder
for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security of such series, on or after the
respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this Indenture.
ARTICLE
VII
CONCERNING
THE TRUSTEE
SECTION 7.1 |
CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF TRUSTEE. |
(a) The Trustee, prior to
the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all Events of Default with respect
to the Securities of that series that may have occurred, shall undertake to perform with respect to the Securities of such series such
duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants shall be read into this Indenture
against the Trustee. In case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred (that has not been cured or waived),
the Trustee shall exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and
use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct
of his or her own affairs. Except during the continuance of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series, in the absence
of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements
and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements
of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions which by any provision hereof are specifically required to be
furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements
of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts stated therein).
(b) No provision of this
Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or
its own willful misconduct, except that:
(i) this subsection
(b) shall not be construed to limit the effect of subsection (a) of this Section;
(ii) the Trustee
shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Trust Officer or Trust Officers of the Trustee, unless it shall
be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;
(iii) the Trustee
shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the
holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding relating to the time,
method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon
the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series; and
(iv) None of the
provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial
liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if there is reasonable ground for
believing that the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under the terms of this Indenture or adequate
indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.
(c) Whether or not therein
expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or affording protection
to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section.
SECTION 7.2 |
CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE. |
Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.1:
(a) The Trustee may conclusively
rely and shall be fully protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion,
report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have
been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;
(b) Any request, direction,
order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an instrument signed in the
name of the Company by any authorized officer of the Company (unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically prescribed herein);
(c) The Trustee may consult
with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect
of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;
(d) The Trustee shall be
under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or direction of any
of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee security
or indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, losses, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred therein or thereby;
nothing contained herein shall, however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect
to a series of the Securities (that has not been cured or waived), to exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the
rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person
would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his or her own affairs;
(e) The Trustee shall not
be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion
or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;
(f) The Trustee shall not
be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report,
notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or other papers or documents, unless requested in writing so to do by the
holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of the particular series affected thereby (determined
as provided in Section 8.4), and, if so requested, except as otherwise prohibited by applicable law or as would reasonably be expected
to violate or result in the loss or impairment of any attorney-client or work product privilege, the Trustee shall be entitled to examine
the books, records, and premises of the Company, personally or by agent, or attorney, and it shall incur no liability or additional liability
of any kind by reason of such inquiry or investigation; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to provide access or
furnish information in the event of any litigation involving this Indenture or the Securities except pursuant to applicable rules of
discovery; and provided, further, that if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely
to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by
the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against such costs, expenses
or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable expense of every such examination shall be paid by the Company or, if
paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon demand;
(g) The Trustee may execute
any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee
shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder;
(h) In no event shall the
Trustee be responsible or liable for special, indirect, punitive or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including, but
not limited to, loss of profit) irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless
of the form of action;
(i) The Trustee shall not
be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Trust Officer has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice
of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice
references the Securities and this Indenture;
(j) The rights, privileges,
protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including, without limitation, its right to be indemnified, are extended to,
and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder, and each agent, custodian and other Person employed to
act hereunder;
(k) The Trustee shall not
be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the performance of its powers and duties hereunder;
(l) The Trustee shall not
be liable for the acts or omissions of any other agent of the Company, and may assume performance by any such agent of its duties, absent
written notice or actual knowledge to the contrary; and
(m) The permissive right
of the Trustee to take the actions permitted by this Indenture shall not be construed as an obligation or duty to do so.
SECTION 7.3 |
TRUSTEE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OR SECURITIES. |
(a) The recitals contained
herein and in the Securities shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness
of the same.
(b) The Trustee makes no
representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.
(c) The Trustee shall not
be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such Securities, or for the use
or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture or established pursuant to Section
2.1, or for the use or application of any moneys received by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee.
SECTION 7.4 |
MAY HOLD SECURITIES AND OTHERWISE DEAL WITH THE COMPANY. |
Subject to the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee,
the Security Registrar, any Paying Agent or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may buy, own, hold,
sell and become the pledgee of any of the Securities or any other evidences of indebtedness or other securities, whether heretofore or
hereafter created or issued, of the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were
not Trustee, Security Registrar, Paying Agent or such other agent; and the Trustee may engage or be interested in any financial or other
transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company, including, without limitation, secured and unsecured loans
to the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company; and may maintain any and all other general banking and business relations
with the Company and any Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company with like effect and in the same manner and to the same extent as if
the Trustee were not a party to this Indenture; and no implied covenant shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee in respect
of any such matters.
SECTION 7.5 |
MONEYS HELD IN TRUST. |
Subject to the provisions of Sections 11.2, 12.5,
12.6 and 12.7, all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes
for which they were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be
under no liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it may agree with the Company to pay thereon.
SECTION 7.6 |
COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT. |
(a) The Company covenants
and agrees to pay to the Trustee, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, such compensation (which shall not be limited by any provision
of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust) as the Company and the Trustee may from time to time agree in
writing, for all services rendered by it in the execution of the trusts hereby created and in the exercise and performance of any of
the powers and duties hereunder of the Trustee, and, except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Company will pay or reimburse
the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with
any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and
of all Persons not regularly in its employ), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may arise from its negligence or willful
misconduct and except as the Company and Trustee may from time to time agree in writing. The Company also covenants to indemnify the
Trustee (and its officers, agents, directors and employees) for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, costs, damages, liability
or expense incurred without negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the Trustee (as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction
in a final and non-appealable judgment) and arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust, including
the reasonable costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim of liability in the premises.
(b) To secure the Company’s
payment obligations in this Section 7.6, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any series on all money or property
held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of and interest on particular Securities of such series.
When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services
after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(a)(4) or 6.1(a)(5) occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services are
intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.
The provisions of this Section 7.6 shall survive
the resignation or removal of the Trustee and the termination or satisfaction of this Indenture.
SECTION 7.7 |
RELIANCE ON OFFICER’S CERTIFICATE. |
Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.1,
whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it reasonably necessary or desirable that a
matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence
in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the Trustee,
be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officer’s Certificate delivered to the Trustee and such certificate,
in the absence of negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken,
suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.
SECTION 7.8 |
DISQUALIFICATION; CONFLICTING INTERESTS. |
If the Trustee has or shall acquire any “conflicting
interest” within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee and the Company shall in all respects comply
with the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.
SECTION 7.9 |
CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY. |
There shall at all times be a Trustee with respect
to the Securities issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the U.S.
or any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other Person permitted to act as trustee by the
Commission, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having (or, in the case of a subsidiary of a bank holding
company, its bank holding company parent shall have) a combined capital and surplus of at least one hundred million U.S. dollars ($100,000,000),
and subject to supervision or examination by federal, state, territorial, or District of Columbia authority.
If such corporation or other Person publishes
reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then
for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation or other Person shall be deemed to be its combined
capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. The Company may not, nor may any Person directly
or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee. In case at any time the Trustee
shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner and with
the effect specified in Section 7.10.
SECTION 7.10 |
RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR. |
(a) The Trustee or any successor
hereafter appointed may at any time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the
Company and by transmitting notice of resignation by mail, first class postage prepaid (or, in the case of Securities held in book-entry
form, by electronic transmission), to the Securityholders of such series, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register.
Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such
series by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered
to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted
appointment within 30 days after the mailing of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may at the expense of the Company,
petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series, or
the holders of at least 10% in the aggregate principal amount of Outstanding Securities may petition any such court for the appointment
of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor
trustee.
(b) In case at any time any
one of the following shall occur:
(i) the Trustee
shall fail to comply with the provisions of Section 7.8 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder who has
been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months; or
(ii) the Trustee
shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.9 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by
the Company or by any such Securityholder; or
(iii) the Trustee
shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding, or a receiver
of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or consented to, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee
or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation;
then, in any such case, the Company may remove
the Trustee with respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of
the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor trustee,
or any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may, on behalf of that holder
and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of
a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and
appoint a successor trustee
(c) The holders of a majority
in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding may, upon 30 days’ notice, remove the Trustee
with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company and may appoint a successor Trustee for such series with the
consent of the Company.
(d) Any resignation or removal
of the Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant to any of the provisions of
this Section shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section 7.11.
(e) Any successor trustee
appointed pursuant to this Section may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all of such series, and at
any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series.
SECTION 7.11 |
ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR. |
(a) In case of the appointment
hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge
and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal
of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become
vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor trustee,
such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor trustee all
the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all property
and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.
(b) In case of the appointment
hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee
and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto
wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which (i) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable
to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with
respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates, (ii) shall contain such
provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee
with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in
the retiring Trustee, and (iii) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or
facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental
indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder
separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible
for any act or failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture
the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall
with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates have no further responsibility
for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture,
and each such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts
and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee
relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such
successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder
with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates.
(c) Upon request of any such
successor trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor
trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.
(d) No successor trustee
shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this
Article VII.
(e) Upon acceptance of appointment
by a successor trustee as provided in this Section, the Company shall transmit notice of the succession of such trustee hereunder by
mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. If the Company
fails to transmit such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause
such notice to be transmitted at the expense of the Company.
SECTION 7.12 |
MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS. |
Any corporation into which the Trustee may be
merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to
which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the
Trustee (including the administration of the trust created by this Indenture), shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided
that such corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.8 and eligible under the provisions of Section 7.9, without
the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding.
In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion
or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same
effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.
SECTION 7.13 |
PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST THE COMPANY. |
The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a)
of the Trust Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee who
has resigned or been removed shall be subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the ex
SECTION 7.14 |
NOTICE OF DEFAULT. |
If any Default or any Event of Default occurs
and is continuing and if the Trustee has notice of such Default or Event of Default, the Trustee shall mail to each Securityholder in
the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act notice of the Default or Event of Default within 90
days after it occurs (or, the Trustee does not have notice of such Default or Event of Default until after that time, 15 days after the
Trustee has notice of such Default or Event of Default), unless such Default or Event of Default has been cured; provided, however, that,
except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security, the Trustee shall
be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the Trustee in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is
in the interest of the Securityholders.
SECTION 7.15 |
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY |
The Trustee is entering into this Indenture and
the other documents contemplated hereby and related hereto to which it is a party solely in its capacity as trustee under the Indenture
and not in its individual capacity (except as expressly stated herein) and in no case shall the Trustee (or any Person acting as successor
trustee under this Indenture) be personally liable for or on account of any of the statements, representations, warranties, covenants
or obligations stated to be those of the Company hereunder or thereunder, all such liability, if any, being expressly waived by the parties
hereto and any person claiming by, through or under such party.
ARTICLE
VIII
CONCERNING
THE SECURITYHOLDERS
SECTION 8.1 |
EVIDENCE OF ACTION BY SECURITYHOLDERS. |
Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that
the holders of a majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series may take any
action (including the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any other action),
the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders of such majority or specified percentage of that series have joined therein
may be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by such holders of Securities of that series
in person or by agent or proxy appointed in writing.
If the Company shall solicit from the Securityholders
of any series any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, the Company may, at its option,
as evidenced by an Officer’s Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination of Securityholders
entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the Company shall have no
obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
action may be given before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the close of business on the record date
shall be deemed to be Securityholders for the purposes of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding
Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series shall be computed as of the record date; provided, however,
that no such authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall
become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record date.
SECTION 8.2 |
PROOF OF EXECUTION BY SECURITYHOLDERS. |
Subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, proof
of the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require notarization) or his agent or proxy and proof of
the holding by any Person of any of the Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:
(a) The fact and date of
the execution by any such Person of any instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.
(b) The ownership of Securities
shall be proved by the Security Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar thereof.
The Trustee may require such additional proof
of any matter referred to in this Section as it shall deem necessary.
SECTION 8.3 |
WHO MAY BE DEEMED OWNERS. |
Prior to the due presentment for registration
of transfer of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent and any Security Registrar may deem and treat the Person in whose
name such Security shall be registered upon the books of the Security Registrar as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or not
such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon made by anyone other than the Security
Registrar) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section 2.3) interest
on such Security and for all other purposes; and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any Paying Agent nor any Security Registrar
shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.
SECTION 8.4 |
CERTAIN SECURITIES OWNED BY COMPANY DISREGARDED. |
In determining whether the holders of the requisite
aggregate principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any direction, consent or waiver under this Indenture,
the Securities of that series that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series or by any Person directly
or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series
shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination, except that for the purpose of determining
whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent or waiver, only Securities of such series that the Trustee
actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. The Securities so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding
for the purposes of this Section, if the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act
with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct
or indirect common control with the Company or any such other obligor. In case of a dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee
taken upon the advice of counsel shall be full protection to the Trustee.
SECTION 8.5 |
ACTIONS BINDING ON FUTURE SECURITYHOLDERS. |
At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing
to the Trustee, as provided in Section 8.1, of the taking of any action by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action, any holder of a Security of
that series that is shown by the evidence to be included in the Securities the holders of which have consented to such action may, by
filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as provided in Section 8.2, revoke such action so far as concerns such
Security. Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of any Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such holder and
upon all future holders and owners of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange therefor, on registration of transfer thereof
or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made upon such Security. Any action taken by the
holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture
in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Company, the Trustee and the holders of all the Securities of that
series.
ARTICLE
IX
SUPPLEMENTAL
INDENTURES
SECTION 9.1 |
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF SECURITYHOLDERS. |
In addition to any supplemental indenture otherwise
authorized by this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures
supplemental hereto (which shall comply with the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect), without the consent of the
Securityholders, for one or more of the following purposes:
(a) to cure any ambiguity,
defect, omission or inconsistency herein or in the Securities of any series (with such ambiguity, defect, omission or inconsistency being
evidenced by an Officer’s Certificate);
(b) to comply with Article
X, including to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of
the Company herein and in the Securities contained or to provide for the assumption of a guarantor’s obligations to holders of
the Securities in the case of a merger or consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of the guarantor’s assets;
(c) to provide for uncertificated
Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities; provided that the uncertificated Securities are issued in registered
form for purposes of Section 163(f) of the Code;
(d) to add to the covenants
of the Company or any guarantor for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of any series or to surrender any right or power conferred
upon the Company or any guarantor;
(e) to provide for the issuance
of additional Securities of any series in accordance with the terms of this Indenture;
(f) to evidence and provide
for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee;
(g) to comply with any requirements
of the Commission or any successor in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;
(h) to provide security for
the Securities of any series or to provide for any guarantee of the Securities of any series or to confirm or evidence the release, termination
or discharge of any guarantee of or lien securing the Securities of any series when such release, termination or discharge is permitted
by this Indenture;
(i) to make any change that
would provide any additional rights or benefits to the holders of the Securities of any series or that does not adversely affect the
legal rights under this Indenture of any holder;
(j) to make any amendment
to the provision of this Indenture relating to the transfer and legending of the Securities of any series; provided, however, that (1)
compliance with this Indenture as so amended would not result in Securities of such series being transferred in violation of the Securities
Act or any other applicable securities law and (2) such amendment does not materially and adversely affect the rights of holders to transfer
Securities of such series; or
(k) to conform the text of
this Indenture, any guarantee of the Securities of any series or the notes to any provision of the “Description of Debt Securities
We May Offer” included in the prospectus forming a part of the registration statement filed by the Company with the Commission on
Form S-3 on November 22, 2023 or any subsequent description of Securities contained in any prospectus supplement, to the extent that such
provision in that “Description of Debt Securities We May Offer” or any subsequent description of Securities contained in any
prospectus supplement was intended by the Company to be a verbatim recitation of a provision of this Indenture, any guarantee of the Securities
of any series or the Securities, as applicable (with such intention being evidenced by an Officer’s Certificate).
The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with
the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that
may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee’s
own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.
Any supplemental indenture authorized by the
provisions of this Section may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the holders of any of the Securities
at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 9.2.
SECTION 9.2 |
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH THE CONSENT OF SECURITYHOLDERS. |
With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section
8.1) of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each series affected by such supplemental
indenture or indentures at the time Outstanding (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for
the Securities), the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into
an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall comply with the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect)
for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating (or waiving any past default or compliance with)
any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner not covered by Section 9.1 the
rights of the holders of the Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall,
without the consent of the holders of each Security then Outstanding and affected thereby,
(a) reduce the percentage
or aggregate principal amount of Securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any modification, amendment, supplement
or waiver;
(b) reduce the principal
amount of, or premium, if any, or rate of interest on, such Securities;
(c) extend the fixed maturity
of such Securities;
(d) extend the time for payment
of interest on such Securities;
(e) reduce the redemption
or repurchase price of such Securities or change the time at which the Securities may or must be redeemed or repurchased;
(f) change the currency of
payment of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, such Securities;
(g) waive a default in the
payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on such Securities (except as provided in Section 6.1(c));
(h) voluntarily release a
guarantor of such Securities other than in accordance with this Indenture;
(i) reduce the percentage
or aggregate principal amount of Outstanding Securities the consent of whose holders is necessary for waiver of compliance with certain
provisions of this Indenture or for waiver of certain defaults; or
(j) impair the right to institute
suit for the enforcement of any payment on or after the stated maturity (or, in the case of a redemption, on or after the redemption
date) of such Securities.
It shall not be necessary for the consent of
the Securityholders of any series affected thereby under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture,
but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof.
SECTION 9.3 |
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES. |
Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture
pursuant to the provisions of this Article IX or of Section 10.1, this Indenture shall, with respect to such series, be and be deemed
to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities
under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the holders of Securities of the series affected thereby shall thereafter be determined,
exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms and conditions of any
such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes.
SECTION 9.4 |
SECURITIES AFFECTED BY SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES. |
Securities of any series affected by a supplemental
indenture, authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article IX
or of Section 10.1, may bear a notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the requirements of any securities exchange
upon which such series may be listed, as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine,
new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, to any modification of this Indenture
contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company, authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for
the Securities of that series then Outstanding.
SECTION 9.5 |
EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES. |
Upon the request of the Company, accompanied
by its Board Resolutions authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence
of the consent of Securityholders required to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution
of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under
this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but shall not be obligated to enter into such supplemental
indenture. The Trustee shall receive, in addition to the documents required by Section 14.7(a), an Officer’s Certificate and an
Opinion of Counsel stating that and as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article IX is authorized
or permitted by, and conforms to, the terms of this Article IX, constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable
against it in accordance with its terms (subject to customary exceptions) and that it is proper for the Trustee under the provisions
of this Article IX to join in the execution thereof.
Promptly after the execution by the Company and
the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Company shall transmit by mail, first class
postage prepaid, a notice, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture, to the Securityholders of all
series affected thereby as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Any failure of the Company to mail such notice,
or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture.
ARTICLE
X
SUCCESSOR
ENTITY
SECTION 10.1 |
COMPANY MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC. |
Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.1 pursuant
to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this
Indenture, nothing contained in this Indenture shall prevent any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other Person
(whether or not affiliated with the Company) or successive consolidations or mergers in which the Company or its successor or successors
shall be a party or parties, or shall prevent any sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition of the property of the Company or its
successor or successors as an entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to any other corporation (whether or not affiliated with the
Company or its successor or successors) authorized to acquire and operate the same; provided, however, the Company hereby covenants and
agrees that, upon any such consolidation or merger (in each case, if the Company is not the survivor of such transaction), sale, conveyance,
transfer or other disposition, (a) the due and punctual payment of the principal of (premium, if any) and interest on all of the Securities
of all series in accordance with the terms of each series, according to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance and observance
of all the covenants and conditions of this Indenture with respect to each series or established with respect to such series pursuant
to Section 2.1 to be kept or performed by the Company shall be expressly assumed, by supplemental indenture (which shall conform to the
provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, as then in effect) executed and delivered to the Trustee by the entity formed by such consolidation,
or into which the Company shall have been merged, or by the entity which shall have acquired such property and (b) in the event that
the Securities of any series then Outstanding are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock or other securities of
the Company, such entity shall, by such supplemental indenture, make provision so that the Securityholders of Securities of that series
shall thereafter be entitled to receive upon conversion or exchange of such Securities the number of securities or property to which
a holder of the number of shares of common stock or other securities of the Company deliverable upon conversion or exchange of those
Securities would have been entitled had such conversion or exchange occurred immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance,
transfer or other disposition.
SECTION 10.2 |
SUCCESSOR ENTITY SUBSTITUTED. |
(a) In case of any such consolidation,
merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the successor entity by supplemental indenture, executed
and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee of the obligations set forth under Section 10.1 on all of the Securities
of all series Outstanding, such successor entity shall succeed to and be substituted for the Company with the same effect as if it had
been named as the Company herein, and thereupon the predecessor corporation shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under
this Indenture and the Securities.
(b) In case of any such consolidation,
merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance) may be made in the
Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.
(c) Nothing contained in this
Article X shall require any action by the Company in the case of a consolidation or merger of any Person into the Company where the Company
is the survivor of such transaction, or the acquisition by the Company, by purchase or otherwise, of all or any part of the property of
any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company).
SECTION 10.3 |
EVIDENCE OF CONSOLIDATION, ETC. TO TRUSTEE. |
The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section
7.1, shall receive an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that and as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation,
merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, and any such assumption, comply with the provisions of this Article X.
ARTICLE
XI
SATISFACTION
AND DISCHARGE
SECTION 11.1 |
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE. |
This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease
to be of further effect with respect to any series of Securities (except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange
of Securities of such series herein expressly provided for or in the form of Security for such series and any right to receive additional
amounts), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of
this Indenture as to such series, when
(a) either
(i) all Securities
of such series theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than (i) Securities which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which
have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.7 and (ii) Securities for whose payment cash, Governmental Obligations or a combination
thereof has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or
discharged from such trust, as provided in Sections 12.5 and 12.6) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or
(ii) all such Securities
of such series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, or
(A) have become due and payable
by reason of the mailing of a notice of redemption or otherwise, or
(B) will become due and payable
within one year,
and the Company, in the case of (A) or (B) above,
has deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated
solely to, the benefit of the Securityholders of the Securities of that series, cash in U.S. dollars, Governmental Obligations or a combination
thereof in such amount as will be sufficient, without consideration of any reinvestment of interest, to pay and discharge the entire
indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal (and premium, if any) and interest,
if any, to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable), or to the Stated Maturity or the Redemption
Date, as the case may be;
(b) in respect of clause
(a)(ii), no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing on the date of deposit (other than an Event of Default resulting from the
borrowing of funds to be applied to such deposit and any similar deposit relating to other indebtedness and, in each case, the granting
of certain liens to secure such borrowing);
(c) the Company or any guarantor
has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to such series; and
(d) the Company has delivered
irrevocable instructions to the Trustee under this Indenture to apply the deposited money towards the payment of the notes at maturity
or on the redemption date, as the case may be
Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge
of this Indenture with respect to such series, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee with respect to such series under this Section
11.1 and Sections 7.6 and 7.10, the obligations of the Company to any Authenticating Agent under Section 2.10, and, if cash, Governmental
Obligations or a combination thereof shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (ii) of clause (a) of this Section,
the obligations of the Trustee under Section 11.2, shall survive.
SECTION 11.2 |
APPLICATION OF TRUST MONEY. |
Subject to the provisions of Section 12.6, all
cash and Governmental Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 11.1 shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee,
in accordance with the provisions of the series of Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying
Agent (including the Company or any of its Subsidiaries acting as Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled
thereto, of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on the Securities
for which payment of such cash and Governmental Obligations has been deposited with the Trustee.
If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply
any cash or Governmental Obligations in accordance with this Article XI by reason of any legal proceeding or by reason of any order or
judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the obligations
of the Company under this Indenture and the Securities of such series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred
pursuant to this Article XI until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such cash and Governmental Obligations
in accordance with this Article XI; provided, however, that, if the Company has made any payment of principal, premium, if any, interest
on or principal of any Securities because of the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the
holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the cash and Governmental Obligations held by the Trustee or Paying Agent.
ARTICLE
XII
LEGAL
DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE
SECTION 12.1 |
OPTION TO EFFECT LEGAL DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE. |
The Company may at any time, at the option of
its Board of Directors evidenced by a Board Resolution set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, elect to have either Section 12.2
or 12.3 hereof be applied to all outstanding Securities of a series upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article
XII.
SECTION 12.2 |
LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE. |
Upon the Company’s exercise under Section
12.1 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 12.2 with respect to a series of Securities, the Company will, subject to the satisfaction
of the conditions set forth in Section 12.4 hereof, be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to all outstanding
Securities of such series on the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, “Legal Defeasance”).
For this purpose, Legal Defeasance means that the Company will be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire Indebtedness represented
by the Outstanding Securities of such series, which will thereafter be deemed to be Outstanding only for the purposes of Section 12.5
hereof and the Articles and other Sections of this Indenture referred to in clauses (1) and (2) below, and to have satisfied all their
other obligations under such Securities and this Indenture (and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Company, shall execute
proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following provisions which will survive until otherwise terminated or discharged
hereunder:
(1) the rights of holders
of Outstanding Securities of such series to receive payments in respect of the principal of, premium on, if any, or interest on such
Securities when such payments are due from the trust referred to in Section 12.4 hereof;
(2) the Issuers’ obligations
with respect to such Securities under Article 2 and Section 4.2 hereof;
(3) the rights, powers, trusts,
duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Company’s obligations in connection therewith; and
(4) this Article XII.
Subject to compliance with this Article XII,
the Company may exercise its option under this Section 12.2 with respect to a series of Securities, notwithstanding the prior exercise
of its option under Section 12.3 hereof with respect to such series of Securities.
SECTION 12.3 |
COVENANT DEFEASANCE. |
Upon the Company’s exercise under Section
12.1 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 12.3 with respect to a series of Securities, the Company will, subject to the satisfaction
of the conditions set forth in Section 12.4 hereof, be released from its obligations under Section 5.3 and Article X and any additional
covenants specified in any Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto with respect to the Outstanding Securities of such series
on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 12.4 hereof are satisfied (hereinafter, “Covenant Defeasance”),
and the Securities of such series will thereafter be deemed not Outstanding for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration
or act of holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with such covenants, but will continue to be deemed Outstanding
for all other purposes hereunder (it being understood that such Securities will not be deemed Outstanding for accounting purposes). For
this purpose, Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to the Outstanding Securities of such series, the Company may omit to comply
with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in Section 5.3 or Article X and any additional
covenants specified in any Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference
elsewhere herein to any such Section or Article or by reason of any reference in any such Section or Article to any other provision herein
or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 6.1 hereof with
respect to Outstanding Securities of such series, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities
shall be unaffected thereby.
SECTION 12.4 |
CONDITIONS TO LEGAL OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE. |
In order to exercise either Legal Defeasance
or Covenant Defeasance under either Section 12.2 or 12.3 hereof with respect to the Outstanding Securities of a particular series:
(1) the Company must irrevocably
deposit with the Trustee, in trust, for the benefit of the Securityholders of the Securities of that series, cash in U.S. dollars, Governmental
Obligations, or a combination thereof, in such amounts as will be sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized investment bank,
appraisal firm, or firm of independent public accountants, to pay the principal of, premium on, if any, and interest on, the Outstanding
Securities of such series on the stated date for payment thereof or on the applicable redemption date, as the case may be, and the Company
must specify whether the Securities of such series are being defeased to such stated date for payment or to a particular redemption date;
(2) in the case of an election
under Section 12.2 hereof, the Company must deliver to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming
that:
(A) the Company has received
from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling; or
(B) since the date of this
Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax law,
in either case to the effect that, and based
thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the holders of the Outstanding Securities of such series will not recognize income,
gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Legal Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same
amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Legal Defeasance had not occurred;
(3) in the case of an election
under Section 12.3 hereof, the Company must deliver to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming
that the holders of the Outstanding Securities of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes
as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the
same times as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred;
(4) no Default or Event of
Default with respect to the Securities of such series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit (other than a
Default or Event of Default resulting from the borrowing of funds to be applied to such deposit (and any similar concurrent deposit relating
to other Indebtedness), and the granting of liens to secure such borrowings);
(5) such Legal Defeasance
or Covenant Defeasance will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any material agreement or instrument
(other than this Indenture and the agreements governing any other Indebtedness being defeased, discharged or replaced) to which the Company
is a party or by which the Company is bound; and
(6) the Company must deliver
to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent relating to the Legal
Defeasance or the Covenant Defeasance have been complied with.
SECTION 12.5 |
DEPOSITED MONEY AND GOVERNMENT SECURITIES TO BE HELD IN TRUST; OTHER MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. |
Subject to Section 12.6 hereof, all cash and
Governmental Obligations (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 12.4 hereof in respect of the
Outstanding Securities of a particular series shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of
such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as Paying
Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the holders of such Securities of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal,
premium, if any, and interest, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.
The Company will pay and indemnify the Trustee
against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the cash or Governmental Obligations deposited pursuant to Section
12.4 hereof or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for
the account of the holders of the Outstanding Securities of the applicable series.
Notwithstanding anything in this Article XII to
the contrary, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any cash or Governmental Obligations
held by it as provided in Section 12.4 hereof which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee (which may be the opinion delivered under Section 12.4(1) hereof),
are in excess of the amount thereof that would then be required to be deposited to effect an equivalent Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.
SECTION 12.6 |
REPAYMENT TO COMPANY. |
Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying
Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of, premium on, if any, or interest on any Security and
remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal, premium, if any, or interest, has become due and payable shall, unless otherwise
required by mandatory provisions of applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law, be paid to the Company on its request
or (if then held by the Company) will be discharged from such trust; and the holder of such Security will thereafter, as an unsecured
general creditor, be permitted to look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent
with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, will thereupon cease; provided, however,
that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may give written notice to the holder of such
Security, at such holder’s address as it appears upon the Security Register, that such money remains unclaimed and that, after
a date specified therein, which will not be less than 30 days from the date of such notification, any unclaimed balance of such money
then remaining will, unless otherwise required by mandatory provisions of applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law,
be repaid to the Company.
SECTION 12.7 |
REINSTATEMENT. |
If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply
any cash or Governmental Obligations in accordance with Section 12.2 or 12.3 hereof, as the case may be, by reason of any order or judgment
of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the Company’s obligations
under this Indenture and the Securities of the particular series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant
to Section 12.2 or 12.3 hereof until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such cash or Governmental Obligations
in accordance with Section 12.2 or 12.3 hereof, as the case may be; provided, however, that, if the Company makes any payment of
principal of, premium on, if any, or interest on, any Security of the particular series following the reinstatement of its obligations,
the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the cash or Governmental
Obligations held by the Trustee or Paying Agent.
ARTICLE
XIII
IMMUNITY
OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS,
OFFICERS
AND DIRECTORS
SECTION 13.1 |
NO RECOURSE. |
No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant
or agreement of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against
any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, past, present or future as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor
corporation, either directly or through the Company or any such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution,
statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture
and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or
is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor
corporation, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations,
covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal
liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and
claims against, every such incorporator, stockholder, officer or director as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby
authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities
or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture
and the issuance of such Securities.
ARTICLE
XIV
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
SECTION 14.1 |
EFFECT ON SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. |
All the covenants, stipulations, promises and
agreements in this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.
All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Trustee shall bind its successors
and assigns, whether so expressed or not.
SECTION 14.2 |
ACTIONS BY SUCCESSOR. |
Any act or proceeding by any provision of this
Indenture authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer of the Company shall and may be done and
performed with like force and effect by the corresponding board, committee or officer of any corporation that shall at the time be the
lawful successor of the Company.
SECTION 14.3 |
SURRENDER OF COMPANY POWERS. |
The Company by instrument in writing executed
by authority of its Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may surrender any of the powers reserved to the Company, and thereupon
such power so surrendered shall terminate both as to the Company and as to any successor corporation.
Except as otherwise expressly provided herein,
any notice, request or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given, made or served by the Trustee
or by the holders of Securities or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or on the Company may be given or served by being
deposited in first class mail, postage prepaid, addressed, as follows: Immunic, Inc., 1200 Avenue of the Americas, Suite 200, New York,
NY 10036, Attention: Secretary. Any notice, election, request or demand by the Company or any Securityholder or by any other Person pursuant
to this Indenture to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or made
in writing at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.
SECTION 14.5 |
GOVERNING LAW/WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. |
This Indenture and each Security shall be deemed
to be a contract made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with the
laws of said State, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST
EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LITIGATION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING
OUT OF, UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT.
SECTION 14.6 |
TREATMENT OF SECURITIES AS DEBT. |
It is intended that the Securities will be treated
as indebtedness and not as equity for federal income tax purposes. The provisions of this Indenture shall be interpreted to further this
intention.
SECTION 14.7 |
COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS. |
(a) Upon any application
or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to
the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed
action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have
been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically
required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need
be furnished.
(b) Each certificate or opinion
provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant in this Indenture
shall include (i) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; (ii) a brief statement
as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or
opinion are based; (iii) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made such examination or investigation as is reasonably
necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and (iv)
a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.
SECTION 14.8 |
PAYMENTS ON BUSINESS DAYS. |
Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.1 pursuant
to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this
Indenture, in any case where the date of maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption of any Security
shall not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) may be made on the next succeeding Business
Day with the same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption, and no interest shall accrue for the period
after such nominal date.
SECTION 14.9 |
CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT. |
If and to the extent that any provision of this
Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with any provision of the Trust Indenture Act, such Trust Indenture Act provision shall control.
SECTION 14.10 |
COUNTERPARTS. |
This Indenture may be executed in any number
of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.
SECTION 14.11 |
SEVERABILITY. |
In case any one or more of the provisions contained
in this Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect,
such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Indenture or of such Securities, but this
Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein
or therein.
SECTION 14.12 |
COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES. |
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within
120 days after the end of each fiscal year during which any Securities of any series were outstanding, an Officer’s Certificate
stating whether or not the signers know of any Default or Event of Default that occurred during such fiscal year. Such certificate shall
contain a certification from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer of the Company
that a review has been conducted of the activities of the Company and the Company’s performance under this Indenture and that the
Company has complied with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section 14.12, such compliance shall
be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture. If any of the officers of
the Company signing such certificate has knowledge of such a Default or Event of Default, the certificate shall describe any such Default
or Event of Default and its status.
SECTION 14.13 |
USA PATRIOT ACT. |
The parties hereto acknowledge that, in accordance
with Section 326 of the USA Patriot Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)) (as amended, modified or supplemented
from time to time, the “USA Patriot Act”), the Trustee, like all financial institutions, is required to obtain, verify,
and record information that identifies each Person or legal entity that opens an account. The parties to this Indenture agree that they
will provide the Trustee with such information as the Trustee may request in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the
USA Patriot Act.
SECTION 14.14 |
CONSENT TO JURISDICTION AND SERVICE. |
To the fullest extent permitted by applicable
law, each party hereby irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any Federal or State court located in the Borough of
Manhattan in The City of New York, New York in any suit, action or proceeding based on or arising out of or relating to this Indenture
or any Securities and irrevocably agrees that all claims in respect of such suit or proceeding may be determined in any such court. Each
party irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection which it may have to the laying of the venue of any such
suit, action or proceeding brought in an inconvenient forum. Each party agrees that final judgment in any such suit, action or proceeding
brought in such a court shall be conclusive and binding upon such party, and may be enforced in any courts to the jurisdiction of which
such party is subject by a suit upon such judgment, provided, that service of process is effected upon such party in the manner specified
herein or as otherwise permitted by law.
SECTION 14.15 |
FORCE MAJEURE. |
In no event shall the Trustee be responsible
or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly,
forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military
disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or
computer (software and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable efforts which are consistent with
accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances.
[Signature page follows]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties
hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.
|
IMMUNIC, INC. |
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By: |
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Name: |
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Title: |
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[ ], as Trustee |
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By: |
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Name: |
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Title: |
33
Dentons US LLP
1221 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020-1089
United States
November 22, 2023
Immunic, Inc.
1200 Avenue of the Americas, Suite 200
New York, NY 10036
Re: Registration Statement on Form S-3
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to Immunic, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the
“Company”), in connection with the preparation and filing of a registration statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration
Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended (the “Securities Act”), relating to the registration under the Securities Act and the proposed issuance
and sale from time to time by the Company of up to an aggregate initial offering amount of $250,000,000 of the following securities (each
a “Company Security” and, collectively, or in any combination, the “Company Securities”):
(i) shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per
share (the “Common Stock”);
(ii) one or more classes or series of shares of the Company’s
preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”);
(iii) one or more series of debt securities, which may be senior or
subordinated debt or senior or subordinated convertible debt (the “Debt Securities”);
(iv) warrants representing the rights to purchase shares of Common
Stock, Preferred Stock, or Debt Securities (the “Warrants”); and
(v) units comprised of one or more of the Company Securities in one
or more series and in any combination (the “Units”).
This opinion letter is being furnished to the Company in accordance
with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act.
The Company Securities may be issued and sold by the Company from time
to time on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to applicable provisions of Rule 415 under the Securities Act, in amounts, at prices
and on terms to be determined in light of market conditions at the time of sale, and as set forth in the Registration Statement, any amendment
thereto, the prospectus contained therein (the “Base Prospectus”) and any supplements to the Base Prospectus (each,
together with the Base Prospectus, the “Prospectus”). This opinion letter is limited to the laws, including the rules
and regulations, in effect on the date hereof.
We are basing this opinion on our understanding that, prior to issuing
any Company Securities in connection with the Registration Statement, the Company will advise us in writing of the terms thereof and other
information material thereto, will afford us an opportunity to review the operative documents pursuant to which such Company Securities
are to be issued or sold (including the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the applicable supplement to the Prospectus, as then
in effect), and it will file such supplement or amendment to this opinion letter (if any) as we may reasonably consider necessary or appropriate
with respect to such issuance. However, we undertake no responsibility to monitor the Company’s future compliance with applicable
laws, rules or regulations of the Commission or other governmental body.
Dentons US LLP
1221 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020-1089
United States
In connection with rendering this opinion, we have examined originals,
certified copies or copies otherwise identified as being true copies of the following:
(a) the Registration Statement, including the Base Prospectus;
(b) the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended to
date (the “Certificate of Incorporation”);
(c) the Bylaws of the Company, as amended to date;
(d) corporate proceedings of the Company relating to the Registration
Statement and its proposed issuance of the Company Securities; and
(e) such other instruments and documents as we have deemed relevant
or necessary in connection with our opinions set forth herein.
Unless otherwise provided in any Prospectus relating to a particular
series of Debt Securities, the Debt Securities will be issued pursuant to an indenture (the “Indenture”) between the
Company and a trustee to be named in the applicable supplement to the Prospectus (the “Trustee”). Any Debt Securities
may be convertible into shares of Common Stock or other Company Securities. The Company Securities are to be sold pursuant to a purchase,
underwriting or similar agreement in substantially the form to be filed under a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Warrants will be issued
under one or more warrant agreements (each, a “Warrant Agreement”). The Units will be issued under one or more unit
purchase agreements (each a “Unit Purchase Agreement”).
In making the aforesaid examinations, we have assumed the genuineness
and authenticity of all documents examined by us and all signatures therein and the conformity to originals of all copies of all documents
examined by us. We have also assumed that the corporate records furnished to us by the Company include all corporate proceedings taken
by it to date.
Based on and subject to the assumptions, qualifications and limitations
set forth herein, we are of the opinion that:
(1) With respect to shares of Common Stock, when all necessary corporate
action of the Company has been taken to approve an issuance of shares of Common Stock, and certificates representing the shares of Common
Stock have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered (or non-certificated shares of Common Stock shall have been properly
issued), either (i) in accordance with the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement approved by the board of
directors of the Company (the “Board of Directors”), upon payment of the consideration therefor (which consideration
per share shall not be less than the par value of the Common Stock) provided for in such definitive purchase, underwriting or similar
agreement, as applicable, or (ii) upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any other Company Security in accordance with the terms of
such Company Security or the instrument governing such Company Security providing for the conversion, exchange or exercise as approved
by the Board of Directors, for the consideration therefor set forth in the applicable agreement and approved by the Board of Directors
(which consideration per share shall not be less than the par value of the Common Stock), then, such shares of Common Stock, including
the shares of Common Stock that form a part of any Units, will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
Dentons US LLP
1221 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020-1089
United States
(2) With respect to shares of any series of Preferred Stock, when all
necessary corporate action of the Company has been taken to approve an issuance of shares of Preferred Stock and the terms of the shares
of such series (including the adoption of a certificate of designation or amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation fixing and determining
the terms of such Preferred Stock conforming to the Delaware General Corporation Law; the filing of a certificate or amendment, as applicable,
with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and the payment in full of any filing fees attendant thereto; and the due reservation
of any Common Stock and Preferred Stock for issuance), and certificates representing the shares of the series of Preferred Stock have
been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered, either (i) in accordance with the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting
or similar agreement approved by the Board of Directors, upon payment of the consideration therefor (which consideration per share shall
not be less than the par value of the Preferred Stock) provided for in such definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, as
applicable, or (ii) upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any other Company Security in accordance with the terms of such Company Security
or the instrument governing such Company Security providing for the conversion, exchange or exercise as approved by the Board of Directors,
for the consideration approved by the Board of Directors (which consideration per share shall not be less than the par value of the Preferred
Stock), then, the shares of such series of Preferred Stock, including the shares of Preferred Stock that form a part of any Units, will
be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
(3) With respect to any series of Debt Securities, when (i) the Indenture
and the applicable supplement, if any, to the Indenture have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company and
any Trustee named in the Prospectus relating to such series; (ii) the Indenture, as then and theretofore amended or supplemented, has
been duly qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended; (iii) the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize
and approve the issuance and terms of such series of Debt Securities; (iv) the terms of such Debt Securities and of their issuance and
sale have been duly established in conformity with the applicable Indenture; and (v) such Debt Securities have been duly executed, authenticated,
issued and delivered in accordance with the provisions of the Indenture and the applicable supplement, then, the Debt Securities of such
series, including the Debt Securities that form a part of any Units, will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company.
(4) With respect to Warrants to be issued under a Warrant Agreement,
when all necessary corporate action of the Company has been taken to approve the issuance and terms of such Warrants, the terms of the
offering thereof and related matters, the Warrant Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company, and such Warrants have
been duly executed, issued and delivered in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Agreement and the applicable definitive purchase,
underwriting or similar agreement approved by the Board of Directors, upon payment (or delivery) of the consideration therefor provided
for therein, then, such Warrants, including the Warrants that form a part of any Units, will constitute valid and binding obligations
of the Company.
(5) With respect to the Units, when all necessary corporate action
of the Company has been taken to approve and establish the terms of the Units and to authorize and approve the issuance of the Company
Securities comprising the Units, the terms of the offering and related matters, the Unit Purchase Agreement has been duly authorized,
validly executed and delivered by the parties thereto, and the Units and/or the Company Securities comprising the Units have been duly
executed and delivered in accordance with the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement approved by the Board
of Directors, upon payment of the consideration provided therefor in the definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement as applicable
and approved by the Board of Directors (which consideration shall not be less than the aggregate par value of any Common Stock and/or
Preferred Stock included in the Units), then, the Units will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company.
Dentons US LLP
1221 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020-1089
United States
Our opinions are subject to the effect of federal and state bankruptcy,
insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance and other laws relating to or affecting the rights of secured
or unsecured creditors generally (or affecting the rights of only creditors of specific types of debtors), with respect to which we express
no opinion.
Our opinions are subject to the effect of general principles of equity,
whether applied by a court of law or equity, including, without limitation, concepts of materiality, good faith and fair dealing and upon
the availability of injunctive relief or other equitable remedies, and the application of principles of equity (regardless of whether
enforcement is considered in proceedings at law or in equity).
We express no opinion as to the laws of any jurisdiction other than
(i) the Delaware General Corporation Law, (ii) with respect to opinion paragraphs 3 through 5, the laws of the State of New York and (iii)
the federal laws of the United States of America.
We hereby consent to the use of our opinion as herein set forth as
an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus forming
a part of the Registration Statement. We do not, by giving such consent, admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent
is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Dentons US LLP
Dentons US LLP
4
EXHIBIT 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement
on Form S-3 of Immunic, Inc. of our report dated February 23, 2023, relating to the consolidated financial statements of Immunic, Inc.,
which appears in this annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
We also consent to the reference to us under the caption “Experts”
in this Prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement.
/s/ Baker Tilly US, LLP
Minneapolis, Minnesota
November 22, 2023
Exhibit 107
CALCULATION OF FILING FEE TABLE
Form S-3
(Form Type)
Immunic, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward
Securities
|
|
Security Type |
|
Security Class Title (1) |
|
Fee Calculation or Carry Forward Rule |
|
Amount Registered (1) |
|
Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per
Unit (1) |
|
Maximum Aggregate Offering
Price (1) |
|
Fee Rate |
|
Amount of Registration
Fee
(2) |
|
Carry Forward Form Type |
Carry Forward File Number |
|
Carry Forward Initial Effective Date |
|
Filing Fee Previously Paid
In Connection with Unsold Securities to be Carried Forward |
|
Newly Registered Securities |
|
Fees to be Paid |
|
Equity |
|
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share |
|
457(o) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fees to be Paid |
|
Equity |
|
Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share |
|
457(o) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fees to be Paid |
|
Other |
|
Warrants |
|
457(o) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fees to be Paid |
|
Other |
|
Debt Securities (2) |
|
457(o) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fees to be Paid |
|
Other |
|
Units(3) |
|
457(o) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fees to be Paid |
|
Unallocated (Universal) Shelf |
|
Unallocated (Universal) Shelf |
|
457(o) |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
250,000,000 |
(4) |
|
0.00014760 |
|
$ |
36,900 |
(4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fees Previously Paid |
|
Unallocated (Universal) Shelf |
|
Unallocated (Universal) Shelf |
|
457(o) |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0 |
(4) |
|
0.00014760 |
|
$ |
0 |
(4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carry Forward Securities |
|
Carry Forward Securities |
|
Equity |
|
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share |
|
415(a)(6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S-3 |
|
333-250083 |
|
November
24,
2020
|
|
|
|
|
Carry Forward Securities |
|
Equity |
|
Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share |
|
415(a)(6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S-3 |
|
333-250083 |
|
November
24,
2020
|
|
|
|
|
Carry Forward Securities |
|
Other |
|
Warrants |
|
415(a)(6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S-3 |
|
333-250083 |
|
November
24,
2020
|
|
|
|
|
Carry Forward Securities |
|
Other |
|
Debt Securities (2) |
|
415(a)(6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carry Forward Securities |
|
Other |
|
Units (3) |
|
415(a)(6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S-3 |
|
333-250083 |
|
November
24,
2020 |
|
|
|
|
Carry Forward Securities |
|
Unallocated (Universal) Shelf |
|
Unallocated (Universal) Shelf |
|
415(a)(6) |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
163,100,000 |
(4)(5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
S-3 |
|
333-250083 |
|
November
24,
2020
|
|
$ |
17,794.21 |
(4) |
|
|
Total Offering Amounts |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
413,100,000 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
54,694.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Fees Previously Paid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
17,794.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Fee Offsets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Fee Due |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
36,900 |
(4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (1) | The aggregate maximum offering price of all securities issued or issuable by Immunic, Inc. (the “Registrant”)
that are registered pursuant to this Registration Statement shall not exceed $250,000,000. The proposed maximum aggregate offering price
is estimated solely for the purpose of computing the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities
Act”). For so long as the Registrant’s public float remains below $75,000,000, the Registrant will limit its issuance of securities
in any twelve month calendar period to an aggregate market value (determined as of the time of issuance of that security) not in excess
of one-third of the aggregate market value of all voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of
the Registrant in compliance with General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3. |
| (2) | Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act. The amount and price are exclusive of accrued
interest, if any, on the debt securities. The amount to be registered and proposed maximum aggregate offering price are not specified
as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. |
| (3) | Units may consist of one or more shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock, debt securities, or
warrants issued by the Registrant, or any combination thereof. |
| (4) | Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act, the Registrant is registering hereby $163,100,000
of unsold securities (the “Unsold Securities”) previously registered under the Registrant’s prior registration statement
on Form S-3 (File No. 333-250083), which was initially filed on November 13, 2020 (the “Prior Registration Statement”) and
will expire on November 24. 2023. The registration fee of $17,794.21 relating to the Unsold Securities, which the Registrant previously
paid, will continue to be applied to those Unsold Securities pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6). Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6), the offering of such
Unsold Securities under the Prior Registration Statement will be deemed terminated as of the date of effectiveness of this Registration
Statement. In addition to Unsold Securities being carried forward from the Prior Registration Statement, the Registrant is also registering
hereby the offer and sale of an additional $250,000,000 of new securities for which the Registrant is paying a registration fee of $36,900. |
| (5) | Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(5) under the Securities Act, the Registrant may continue to offer and sell Unsold
Securities under the Prior Registration Statement until the earlier of (i) the date on which this Registration Statement is declared effective
by the Securities and Exchange Commission, and (ii) May 22, 2024, which is 180 days after the third-year anniversary of the effective
date of the Prior Registration Statement (the “Expiration Date”). Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act, if
on or prior to the Expiration Date the Registrant sells Unsold Securities under the Prior Registration Statement, the Registrant shall
file a pre-effective amendment to this Registration Statement to update the amount of Unsold Securities which are being registered under
this Registration Statement, and upon effectiveness of this Registration Statement may continue to offer and sell such Unsold Securities
under this Registration Statement. |
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