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By Avantika Chilkoti and Jessica Menton 

U.S. stocks flipped between gains and losses Friday, following a week of dramatic swings on Wall Street that underscore the uncertainty gripping investors heading into 2019.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 62 points, or 0.3%, to 23129, after storming back with a record rebound Thursday. The S&P 500 fell less than 0.1% while the Nasdaq Composite climbed 0.2%.

All three major U.S. indexes are up at least 3% this week, on course to snap a three-week losing streak. Despite the gains, the indexes are all poised for annual losses for the first time since 2008, while the blue chips and the S&P 500 are on pace for their worst December since 1931.

Despite the rally this week, analysts remain cautious about the prospects for equity markets into the new year. Top of mind in the U.S. this week is the partial government shutdown, which is expected to continue into January.

Concerns that the U.S. economy is set for a slowdown have weighed on markets in recent months, as the effects of last year's massive tax overhaul wear off and the Federal Reserve tightens monetary policy.

Larry Benedict, chief executive of The Opportunistic Trader, said this week's gyrations have left him with more unanswered questions, which he says will likely set up 2019 to be a volatile year because of ongoing political and economic uncertainty.

"My main unanswered question this year is why is everybody in such a panic? If you look at other months that have seen these kind of sharp losses, they were all during a crisis. But we're not in one right now, which is shocking."

Mr. Benedict added that this week's unprecedented moves have been due in part to the lack of liquidity in the market from the absence of players.

Nine of the 11 sectors in the S&P 500 climbed Friday, led by gains in consumer-discretionary and heath-care stocks. Widely held technology stocks rose, with Amazon and Intel up at least 1.5%.

Equity markets rallied earlier this year, led by the technology sector, but those gains have been reversed in the final three months of the year. Energy and industrial stocks have also slumped sharply in 2018 amid falling commodity prices and global trade tensions. The S&P 500 and the Dow industrials this quarter are down 15% and 13%, respectively.

Mr. Benedict said he anticipates that investors will want to buy stocks heading into 2019, but said it is a matter of whether they will be able to handle the volatility. "Are there going to be any buyers of the beaten down stocks next year? That's what's going to be interesting."

The holiday period has been defined by wild market swings, with U.S. stocks slumping Thursday before staging a dramatic comeback just before markets closed. The Dow swung from an intraday 2.7% fall to close 1.1% higher.

"The volatility we're seeing is very reminiscent of some of those ugly periods like when the dot-com bubble popped in 2000, or the post-Lehman financial crisis," said Mark Travis, chief executive and president of Intrepid Capital, which has roughly $1 billion in assets under management. "We don't have the systemic problems that we had then, but we're seeing a global tantrum," he said, referring to how long-duration assets such as fixed income have come under pressure as the Federal Reserve tightens monetary policy.

Mr. Travis said the firm has used this month's downturn as an opportunity to add exposure to stocks that have more attractive valuations, including energy company Cabot Oil & Gas and footwear company Sketchers.

The S&P 500 and Dow industrials were on the brink of a bear market, typically defined as at least a 20% decline from a recent high, at the beginning of the week. Following a rally over the past two trading days, the indexes were down 15% and 14% from their respective peaks.

"A bear market doesn't just come on this fast and this strong," said Tatyana Bunich, president and founder at Financial 1 Wealth Management, adding there would need to be signs of a recession, such as rising unemployment, weak earnings and slumping consumer-spending data.

"None of that is happening. I do believe there's going to be slowing in the economy, but it's not going to happen overnight," she said.

There have been few havens for investors, with gold, international bonds and cash equivalents all offering paltry returns.

The 10-year U.S. Treasury yield fell to 2.738%, from 2.744% on Thursday. Yields move inversely to prices.

U.S. oil prices rose 1.6% to settle at $45.33 a barrel, despite a smaller-than-expected drop in crude inventories.

Elsewhere, the Stoxx Europe 600 added 2%. In Asia, Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index rose 0.1% and China's Shanghai Composite gained 0.4%.

Write to Avantika Chilkoti at Avantika.Chilkoti@wsj.com and Jessica Menton at Jessica.Menton@wsj.com

(END) Dow Jones Newswires

December 28, 2018 15:55 ET (20:55 GMT)

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