Subsection (b) of Section 145 empowers a corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person acted in any of the capacities set forth above, against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if such person acted under similar standards, except that no indemnification may be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which the action or suit was brought shall determine that, despite the adjudication of liability, the person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the court shall deem proper.
Section 145 further provides that, (i) to the extent a present or former director or officer of a corporation has been successful in the defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsections (a) and (b) of Section 145 or in the defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, the person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred in connection therewith, (ii) the indemnification provided for by Section 145 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the indemnified party may be entitled and (iii) the scope of indemnification extends to directors, officers, employees or agents of a constituent corporation absorbed in a consolidation or merger and persons serving in that capacity at the request of the constituent corporation for another. Section 145 also empowers the corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of a present or former director or officer of the corporation (among certain other persons) against any liability asserted against or incurred by the person in any such capacity or arising out of the person’s status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify the person against such liabilities under Section 145, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
Article V of Ecolab’s By-Laws, as amended, provides for indemnification of Ecolab’s officers and directors to the full extent allowed by Delaware law.
In addition, Article IV of Ecolab’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that Ecolab’s directors do not have personal liability to Ecolab or its stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of their fiduciary duty as directors, except (1) for a breach of the duty of loyalty, (2) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or knowing violation of the law, (3) for willful or negligent violations of certain provisions under the DGCL imposing certain requirements with respect to stock repurchases, redemptions and dividends or (4) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. Subject to these exceptions, under Article IV, directors do not have any personal liability to Ecolab or its stockholders for any violation of their fiduciary duty.
Ecolab has directors and officers liability insurance which protects each director or officer from certain claims and suits, including stockholder derivative suits, even where the director may be determined to not be entitled to indemnification under the DGCL, and claims and suits arising under the Securities Act. The directors and officers liability insurance may also afford coverage under circumstances where the facts do not justify a finding that the director or officer acted in good faith and in a manner that was in or not opposed to the best interests of Ecolab.
Ecolab has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and certain of its officers. Each indemnitee’s indemnification agreement generally provides that, in the event the indemnitee was, is or becomes a party to or witness or other participant in, or is threatened to be made a party to or witness or other participant in, any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, or any inquiry or investigation (any of the foregoing, a “Claim”), by reason of (or arising in part out of) any event or occurrence related to the fact that the indemnitee is or was a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of Ecolab, or is or was serving at the request of Ecolab as a director, officer, employee, trustee, agent or fiduciary of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, employee benefit plan, trust or other enterprise, or by reason of anything done or not done by the indemnitee in any such capacity (any such event or occurrence, an “Indemnifiable Event”), Ecolab will (1) indemnify the indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by law against any and all expenses (including attorneys’ fees and other costs, expenses and obligations paid or incurred in connection with investigating, defending, being a witness in or participating in (including on appeal), or preparing to defend, be a witness in or participate in such Claim), judgments, fines, penalties and amounts paid in settlement of such Claim and (2) advance such expenses to the indemnitee, subject to reimbursement by the indemnitee if it is subsequently determined that indemnification is not permitted. Each indemnitee’s indemnification agreement also requires that Ecolab indemnify the indemnitee against