Investors adopted a cautious tone in early trade Friday, ahead of European inflation figures and after German retail data once again underscored the fragility of the continent's economic recovery.

Rebounding tentatively from a drop a day earlier triggered by a sudden resurgence in geopolitical tensions between Russia, Ukraine and the West, the Stoxx Europe 600 rose 0.3%, while France's CAC and the U.K.'s FTSE added 0.3% and 0.2% respectively.

Germany's DAX edged 0.2% higher following a 1.1% slump on Thursday, even though figures showed retailers in July posted their biggest monthly fall in sales since January 2012.

Sales fell 1.4% compared with the previous month in real, calendar- and seasonally adjusted terms, sharply underperforming expectations for a flat reading in a survey of analysts by Dow Jones Newswires.

Later in the session, inflation data for the region will be watched closely, with investors hoping it will shed more light on the European Central Bank's likely path of policy action.

"We maintain our forecast of +0.3% year-over-year, but given the stability in German inflation we reckon an unchanged reading from last month of +0.4% is possible," Mizuho Chief European Economist Riccardo Barbieri said.

"A stable or at most slightly declining inflation reading would reduce pressure on the ECB to take immediate policy action at next week's meeting," he added.

Late last week, ECB President Mario Draghi hinted that the central bank could be preparing further stimulus, even raising the prospect of quantitative easing being employed, which sent equities to multiweek highs and the euro to an 11-month low against the dollar.

Economists later concluded, however, that the ECB is most likely to want to gauge the impact of its June measures and to assess the take up of the targeted longer-term refinancing operation before taking further action.

In currency markets, the euro edged lower against the U.S. dollar to trade at $1.3163 Friday and currency strategists at BNP Paribas said that they expected pressure on the currency to persist ahead of the inflation figure. In a note to clients they said that the inflation figure would provide "another piece of evidence ahead of the ECB meeting next week".

Japan's yen, meanwhile, was marginally weaker against a basket of currencies after data released overnight indicated that consumers remain thrift-conscious and companies are still grappling with tepid demand and high inventories.

Back in equities, U.K. retailer Tesco PLC was the clear loser of the day, tumbling to the bottom of London's main index as well as the pan-European index after issuing its third profit warning in as many years.

The company, which is struggling against fierce competition in its key home market, also said it would slash its interim dividend and reduce capital expenditure. It said it now expects full-year trading profit in a range of GBP2.4 billion ($3.98 billion) to GBP2.5 billion, compared with analysts' expectations of GBP2.7 billion to GBP2.8 billion, according to the company.

"We think Tesco will also look at potentially exiting some international businesses," Citigroup analyst Pradeep Pratti wrote in a note.

At the other end of the spectrum, AstraZeneca PLC rose more than 2% to the top of the index on speculation the drug maker might be planning to resume previously aborted takeover talks with Pfizer Inc.

In commodities markets Brent crude oil added 0.3% to trade at $102.79 a barrel. Gold was steady on the day at $1,290.80 having climbed on Thursday due to investors valuing it as a safe harbor amid the seemingly intensifying conflict in Eastern Europe.

Write to Josie Cox at josie.cox@wsj.com

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