By Leslie Josephs And Tommy Stubbington 

Global stocks were mixed Friday as downbeat earnings reports from large oil companies weighed on the energy sector.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 20 points, or 0.1%, to 17726, while the S&P 500 edged up nearly 2 points, or 0.1%, to 2110.59.

The Nasdaq Composite Index gained 15 points, or 0.3%, at 5143.79.

On the other side of the Atlantic, the Stoxx Europe 600 fell 0.5% to 394.12.

Disappointing earnings from oil majors Chevron Corp. and Exxon Mobil Corp.--the result of a yearlong slump in crude prices--pushed the Dow lower.

Exxon, the biggest U.S. oil company, reported a 52% drop in profit for its second quarter. Shares were down 4.6% at $79.18.

Chevron shares were 4.3% lower at $88.75 after it reported $2.6 billion in charges in its quarterly statement tied to lower oil prices.

"That should not surprise anyone," Randy Frederick, managing director of trading and derivatives at Charles Schwab, said of the oil companies' results.

Nymex oil prices fell 50% over the past 12 months. U.S. oil futures were recently down 1.2% at $47.94 a barrel.

Shares of Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. rallied 10.8% at $50.37 following news of merger talks with Coke bottlers Coca-Cola Iberian Partners and Germany's Coca-Cola Erfrischungsgetränke AG.

Shares of Hanesbrands Inc. dropped 11.4% to $30.19 after the apparel maker posted second-quarter sales below analyst estimates.

Shares in Airbus Group climbed after the plane maker reported a rise in second-quarter profit. French bank BNP Paribas and chemical company Arkema both rose after better-than-expected results. Steel pipe maker Vallourec fell after reporting a loss for the first half of the year.

Among companies on the Stoxx Europe 600 that have so far reported second-quarter results, 54% have exceeded profit expectations, according to FactSet data. That compares with 50% in the first quarter.

"The earnings season in Europe has been pretty good," said Christian Stocker, an analyst at UniCredit. Concerns over the Chinese economy are likely to remain and could hold back shares in mining companies and car makers in the coming months, he said.

Shares in the U.S. and Europe had fallen sharply at the start of the week as a slump in Chinese equities spilled over into global markets, but have since more than recovered those losses as investors turned to corporate earnings and clues on the timing of a Federal Reserve rate increase.

The U.S. employment-cost index, a measure of workers' wages and benefits, rose a seasonally adjusted 0.2% in the second quarter from the first quarter, the Labor Department said Friday. The gains marked the smallest quarterly rise since record-keeping began in 1982, and fell below economists' expectations of a 0.6% increase. But a quarterly measure of U.S. labor costs indicated stagnated wages, casting some doubt on the Federal Reserve's plans to raise rates in the coming months.

The dollar weakened 1.3% against the euro, as one euro bought $1.11 versus $1.0933 on Thursday.

Currency markets have gyrated in recent months amid an uncertain outlook for U.S. and global growth, as well as questions about whether the Fed will raise the short-term benchmark interest rate in September. Higher interest rates would make the dollar a more alluring investment to investors.

Gold prices were recently up 0.6% at $1,095.80 a troy ounce on the Comex division of the New York Mercantile Exchange. A weaker dollar lent support to the precious metal, which is priced in dollars and becomes less expensive for investors using stronger currencies. Still, gold is on track to post a 6.5% monthly loss in July, the worst drop since April 2013.

James Ramage contributed to this article.

Write to Leslie Josephs at leslie.josephs@wsj.com and Tommy Stubbington at tommy.stubbington@wsj.com