UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM  20-F

 

(Mark One)

  REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

OR

 

  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016

 

OR

 

  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

OR

 

  SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.  

 

Date of event requiring this shell company report _______________

 

Commission file number:  000-29884

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

 (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Eviation Aircraft Ltd.

 

Israel

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)   (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

 

Tel: +972-8-913-7914

Facsmilie: +972-8-915-7234

1 Ha’Ofeh Street, Kadima-Tzoran, Israel

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

Liza Ohayon, Chief Financial Officer

1 Ha’Ofeh Street,

Kadima-Tzoran, Israel 6092000

 

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of the Registrant’s Contact Person)

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None.

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: ordinary shares, no par value per share.

 

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

 

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: As of December 31, 2016, there were 10,000,000 ordinary shares, no par value per share, outstanding.

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

 

Yes        No 

 

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

Yes        No 

 

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

 

Yes        No 

 

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

 

Yes        No 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer  Accelerated filer 
Non-accelerated filer  Emerging Growth Company 

 

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 

 

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the Registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

 

U.S. GAAP 

 

International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board 

 

Other 

 

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the Registrant elected to follow.

 

Item 17     Item 18 

 

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

 

Yes     No 

 

 

  

 

 

FORM 20-F

ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016

 

PART ONE  
   
Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors 3
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable 3
Item 3. Key Information 3
Item 4. Information on the Company 18
Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments 26
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects 26
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees 31
Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions 41
Item 8. Financial Information 44
Item 9. The Offer and Listing 44
Item 10. Additional Information 45
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 61
Item 12. Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities 61
   
PART TWO  
   
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies 62
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds 62
Item 15. Controls and Procedures 62
Item 16. [Reserved] 63
Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert 63
Item 16B. Code of Ethics 63
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 64
Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees 64
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers 64
Item 16F. Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant 64
Item 16G. Corporate Governance 64
Item 16H. Mine Safety Disclosure 64
   
PART THREE  
   
Item 17. Financial Statements 65
Item 18. Financial Statements 65
Item 19. Exhibits 65
     
Signatures   66
     
Index to Financial Statements F-1

 

 

CERTAIN TERMS AND CONVENTIONS

 

In this annual report, unless the context otherwise requires:

 

  § references to “Eviation,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company” and “the Company” refer to Eviation Aircraft Ltd. and its subsidiary, Eviation Tech Ltd.

 

  § references to “U.S. Dollars,” “$” or “dollars” are to U.S. dollars;

 

  § references to “NIS” or “shekels” are to New Israeli Shekels;

 

  § references to “ordinary shares”, “our shares” and similar expressions refer to our Ordinary Shares, no par value per share;

 

  § references to the “articles of association” or “amended articles” are to our Amended and Restated Articles of Association;

 

  § references to the “Companies Law” are to the Israeli Companies Law, 5759-1999, as amended;

 

  § references to the “Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;

 

  § references to the “Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;

 

  § references to the “SEC” are to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Unless derived from our financial statements or otherwise noted, amounts presented in this annual report are translated at the rate of $1.00 = NIS 3.845, the exchange rate between the NIS and the U.S. dollar reported by the Bank of Israel as of December 30, 2016.

 

This annual report includes other statistical, market and industry data and forecasts which we obtained from publicly available information and independent industry publications and reports that we believe to be reliable sources. Some data is also based on our good faith estimates, which are derived from management’s knowledge of the industry and independent sources. These publicly available industry publications and reports generally state that they obtain their information from sources that they believe to be reliable, but they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information. Although we believe that these sources are reliable and are not aware of any misstatements regarding the industry data presented in this annual report, we have not independently verified the information contained in such publications. Certain estimates and forecasts involve uncertainties and risks and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the headings “—Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Item 3.D —Risk Factors” in this annual report.

 

All trademarks, service marks, trade names and registered marks used in this report are trademarks, trade names or registered marks of their respective owners.

 

  1  

 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

In addition to historical information, this report on Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or other future financial performance, and are identified by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “scheduled,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “aim,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of those terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based, among other things, on assumptions in connection with:

 

  our intended business plans;
     
  our ability to raise working capital to realize our business plans;
     
  the regulatory and competitive landscape of the light aircraft aviation industry;
     
  the viability and profitability of the light aircraft aviation market which we have newly entered;
     
  market acceptance of our light electric powered passenger aviation aircraft;
     
  our expectations regarding our expenses and future revenue;
     
  The ability to control costs;
     
  Changes in costs and the availability of goods and services;
     
  our expectations regarding competition as more and larger companies enter our markets and as existing competitors improve or expand their product offerings ;
     
  our anticipated cash needs and our estimates regarding our capital requirement;
     
  the possibility of future litigation;
     
  market, economic and political factors in Israel, where our design operations we will be based, and worldwide;
     
  our contractors’ technical, professional and financial ability to deliver on and comply with their contractual undertakings with us and our subsidiary;
     
  our ability to familiarize ourselves with the light aircraft passenger aviation market, and to track, monitor and manage the projects which we have undertaken; and
     
  the price and liquidity of our Ordinary Shares.

 

Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgment with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions, and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking information included herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that our objectives or plans will be achieved. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from our expectations or projections include the risks and uncertainties relating to our business described in this report under “Item 3.D: Risk Factors,” “Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and elsewhere in this report. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to publicly revise these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date hereof, except as required by applicable law. In addition to the disclosure contained herein, readers should carefully review any disclosure of risks and uncertainties contained in other documents that we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

To the extent that this Report contains forward-looking statements (as distinct from historical information), we desire to take advantage of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and we are therefore including this statement for the express purpose of availing ourselves of the protections of the safe harbor with respect to all forward-looking statements.

 

  2  

 

PART I

 

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS

 

Not applicable

 

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

 

Not applicable

 

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

 

A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

You should read the following selected consolidated financial data in conjunction with the section of this annual report entitled “Item 5 - Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this annual report.

  

The selected data presented below under the captions “Statement of Comprehensive Income Data,” for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2016 and under "Statement of Financial Position Data” as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this annual report. The selected data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

 

At December 31, 2015, Eviation Aircraft Ltd., formerly known as R.V.B. Holdings Ltd. (the “Company”) was under the management of a Temporary Liquidator (the “Temporary Liquidator”) appointed by the District Court of Tel Aviv in Israel at the request of certain creditors of the Company with a mandate to identify and liquidate the Company’s assets. Effective February 2016, the Company was sold to two principal shareholders of the Company. The financial information below through December 31, 2015 represents the historical results of the waste disposal management business in which the Company was previously engaged prior to the sale of the Company by the Temporary Liquidator, which we have classified as discontinued operations. See Item 4 below.

  

Year ended December 31,

(U.S. dollars in thousand, except share and per share data)

 

    2016     2015     2014  
Statement of Comprehensive Income Data:                  
Research and development expenses     1,829       ---       ---  
Marketing, administrative and general expenses     341       ---       ---  
Total Expenses     2,170       ---       ---  
                         
Operating loss     2,170       ---       ---  
Financing Income     (22 )     ---       ---  
Financing Expenses     93       ---       ---  
Financing Expenses, Net     71       ---       ---  
Loss before taxes on income     (2,241 )     ---       ---  
Taxes on income     (553 )     ---       ---  
Loss from continuing operations     1,688       ---       ---  
Loss from discontinued operation     ---       226       1,596  
Loss for the year     1,688       226       1,596  
Loss attributable to:                        
Owners of the Company     1,688       201       1,316  
Non-controlling interests     ---       25       280  
Loss for the year     1,688       226       1,596  
Continued operations (in $)                        
Basic and diluted loss per ordinary share     0.20                  
Discontinued operation (in $)                        
Basic and diluted loss per ordinary share             26.43       173.04  
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in basic and diluted loss per Ordinary Share calculation     8,494,658       7,605       7,605  

 

  3  

 

For the year ended December 31,

 

    2016     2015     2014  
Statement of Financial Position Data:                  
Cash and cash equivalents     858       -       12  
Property and equipment, net     305       -       123  
Total assets     1,257       20       302  
Shareholders loans     (617 )     -       -  
Equity attributable to owners of the Company (deficit)     163       (1,127 )     (926 )
Non-controlling interests     -       173       198  
Total Equity(deficit)     163       (954 )     (728 )

 

 

Effective March 2, 2017, the Company changed its corporate name to Eviation Aircraft Ltd.

 

B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS

 

 

Not applicable.

 

C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS

 

Not applicable.

 

D. RISK FACTORS

 

The risk factors below relate solely to our current business focus in the area of developing and commercializing a light passenger electric operated propulsion aircraft. You should carefully consider the risks described below and in the other sections of, and the documents we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus before making an investment decision. The risks described below and in the documents we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus are not the only ones facing our company. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. The trading price of our ordinary shares could decline due to any of these risks.

 

RISKS RELATED TO OUR NEW BUSINESS AND PRODUCTS

 

We are a start-up company.

 

The Company’s sole business is ownership of its wholly owned newly created subsidiary, Eviation Tech Ltd., an Israeli start-up company engaged in designing and developing an electric powered light passenger aviation aircraft. We have not generated any revenue since the commencement of our current operation in May 2016. We are currently in the proof of concept stage, and intend to test all the components of the enabling core technologies (airframe design, electric drive, battery technology and autonomous flight and sensing systems). Testing will take place on the scaled models that are currently under construction. We expect to incur significant operating losses for the foreseeable future, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to validate and market products in the future that will generate revenues, or that any revenues generated will be sufficient for us to become profitable or thereafter maintain profitability. We believe that our available cash resources including shareholder credit facilities and the newly approved program from the Israeli Office of the Chief Scientist ("OCS") are sufficient to meet our operating requirements in the foreseeable future.

 

  4  

 

We have no operating history upon which to evaluate our business.

 

We have no history of operations in our industry as we have embarked on a new business venture. Accordingly, it is more difficult to accurately assess growth rate and earnings potential. Our business is dependent upon the implementation of our business plan. Our limited operating history makes it difficult for prospective investors to evaluate our business. Therefore, our operations are subject to all of the risks inherent in the initial expenses, challenges, complications and delays frequently encountered in connection with the early stages of any new business, as well as those risks that are specific to a newly emerging and untried field within the aviation industry, electric powered light aviation aircraft. Investors should evaluate us in light of the problems and uncertainties frequently encountered by early stage companies attempting, like ours, to develop markets for new products, services, and technologies, such as unforeseen capital requirements, failure of market acceptance, failure to establish business relationships, and competitive disadvantages as against larger and more established companies. If we are unable to successfully address these difficulties as they arise, our future growth and earnings will be negatively affected.

 

We may be unable to obtain additional capital that we will require to implement our business plan, which could restrict our ability to grow.

 

Our Subsidiary has, to date, received loans of approximately $2.7 million from Aviv Tzidon (“Aviv”) and Magic Stones-Gemstone Import and Marketing Ltd. (“Magic Stones”), our shareholders, under the terms of agreements with these shareholders. The Subsidiary has under these agreements $1.8 million in unutilized credit availability. In addition, we have received a loan in the principal amount of $0.5 million from these shareholders. We expect that these amounts will sufficient to meet our operating requirements in the new business focus in the foreseeable future.

 

However, we will require additional capital to continue implementing our business plan and to grow our business beyond the development phase. We plan to partner with an established airframe manufacturer to support and fund the process of commercialization of the design. We may not, however, succeed in securing such partnership and obtaining the additional capital required, and if we are able to secure such additional capital, it may not be pursuant to terms deemed favorable to our Company or our shareholders. We may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additional equity securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require us to agree to operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. Our ability to obtain additional capital on acceptable terms is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including:

 

  investors’ perception of an aviation company, and demand for its securities;
     
  conditions of the U.S. and other capital markets in which we may seek to raise funds;
     

Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our administrative requirements (such as salaries, insurance, expenses and general overhead expenses, as well as legal compliance costs and accounting expenses) may require a substantial amount of additional capital and cash flow.

 

We may pursue sources of additional capital through various financing transactions or arrangements, including partnership with an established airframe manufacturer, joint venturing of projects, debt financing, equity financing or other means. We may not be successful in locating suitable financing transactions in the time period required or at all, and we may not obtain the capital we require by other means. If we do not succeed in raising additional capital, our resources may not be sufficient to fund our planned operations going forward. Any additional capital raised through the sale of equity may dilute the ownership percentages of our shareholders, and could also result in a decrease in the fair market value of our equity securities because our assets would be owned by a larger pool of outstanding equity. The terms of securities we issue in future capital transactions may be more favorable to our new investors, and may include preferences, superior voting rights and the issuance of other derivative securities, and issuances of incentive awards under equity employee incentive plans, which may have a further dilutive effect.

 

  5  

 

Our ability to obtain needed financing may be impaired by such factors as the capital markets, our status as a new enterprise without a significant demonstrated operating history and/or the loss of key management. If the amount of capital we are able to raise from financing activities, together with our revenues from operations, is not sufficient to satisfy our capital needs, we may be required to cease our operations.

 

We may incur substantial costs in pursuing future capital financing, including investment banking fees, legal fees, accounting fees, securities law compliance fees, printing and distribution expenses and other costs. We may also be required to recognize non-cash expenses in connection with certain securities we may issue, such as convertible notes, which may adversely impact our financial condition.

 

A default by us under the secured financing arrangement with our shareholders would enable them to take control of our assets.

 

Under the credit facilities referred to above with our shareholders, Aviv and Magic Stones, we have granted to such shareholders a security interest on all of the assets of the Subsidiary, including its intellectual property as well as our shareholdings of our Subsidiary. A default by us under this financing arrangement would enable the holder to foreclose on our assets, including our intellectual property. Any foreclosure could force us to substantially curtail or cease our operations on our newly entered aviation business.

 

Our lack of diversification will increase the risk of an investment in the Company, and our financial condition and results of operation may deteriorate if we fail to diversify.

 

Our new business will initially be in the regional transportation (or aviation) industry. Larger companies have the ability to manage their risk by diversification. However, we will lack diversification, in terms of both the nature and geographic scope of our business. As a result, we will likely be impacted more acutely by factors affecting our industry or the regions in which we operate than we would if our business were more diversified, enhancing our risk profile. If we cannot diversify or expand our operations, our financial condition and results of operations could deteriorate.

 

The success of our business depends upon the continuing contributions of our Chief Executive Officer and other key personnel and our ability to attract highly qualified personnel to expand our business.

 

We will rely heavily on the services of our CEO, Mr. Omer Bar-Yohay, as well as one of our principal shareholder and director, Mr. Aviv Tzidon, and other senior management personnel that we intend to hire. Loss of the services of any of such individuals or any other key management and technical personnel could have a material adverse impact on our future operations. Our success is also dependent on our ability to retain these key employees and our ability to attract and retain, among others, skilled financial, engineering, technical and managerial personnel to continue the development and commercialization of the Eviation Aircraft. As such, our future success highly depends on our ability to attract, retain and motivate personnel, including contractors, required for the development, maintenance and expansion of our activities. There can be no assurance that we will be able to retain our existing personnel or attract additional qualified employees or consultants. The loss of personnel or the inability to hire and retain additional qualified personnel in the future could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation. In addition, if we fail to engage qualified personnel, we may be unable to meet our responsibilities as a public reporting company under the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

  6  

 

The product we intend to market may not be accepted by the market.

 

Our success depends on the acceptance of our electric propulsion aircraft (the “Eviation Aircraft”) as a viable alternative to the current existing land based regional transportation options. Market acceptance will depend upon several factors, including (a) the desire and ability of consumers to use Eviation Aircraft (b) the accessibility of the Eviation Aircraft; and (c) the convenience of using the Eviation Aircraft. A number of factors may inhibit acceptance of the Eviation Aircraft, including (i) the ease of use of competing alternatives such as cars, trains and buses; (ii) our inability to change consumers’ habits of using other modes of transportation such automobile, train and buses for regional travel; (iii) our inability to change consumers’ perception that using light aircraft is highly expensive and is reserved primarily for the affluent; and (iv) fear of individuals to use the Eviation Aircraft. If the Eviation Aircraft is not accepted by the market, we may have to curtail our business operations, which could have a material negative effect on operating results and result in a lower share price.

 

We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors.

 

We will compete, in our proposed businesses, with other companies, some of which have far greater marketing and financial resources and experience than we do. A number of companies may develop and offer products that provide the same or greater functionality than our product. We may not be able to maintain our competitive position against current or potential competitors, especially those in the general aviation market with significantly greater financial, marketing, service, support, technical and other resources. Competitors with greater resources may be able to undertake more extensive marketing campaigns, adopt more aggressive pricing policies and make more attractive offers to potential employees, distributors, resellers or other strategic partners. We expect additional competition from other established and emerging companies as the market for light aircraft continues to develop.

 

In addition, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to penetrate the regional transportation market and be able to compete at a profit. In addition to established competitors, other companies can easily enter our market and compete with us. Effective competition could result in price reductions, reduced margins or have other negative implications, any of which could adversely affect our business and chances for success. Competition is likely to increase significantly as new companies enter the market and current competitors expand their services. Many of these potential competitors are likely to enjoy substantial competitive advantages, including: larger technical staffs, greater name recognition, larger customer bases and substantially greater financial, marketing, technical and other resources. To be competitive, we must respond promptly and effectively to the challenges of technological change, evolving standards and competitors’ innovations by continuing to enhance our services and sales and marketing channels. Any pricing pressures, reduced margins or loss of market share resulting from increased competition or our failure to compete effectively, could seriously damage our business and chances for success.

 

We may be forced to abandon development of the Eviation Aircraft altogether, which will significantly impair our ability to generate revenues.

 

We are currently in the proof of concept stage, and intend to test all the components of the Eviation Aircraft enabling core technologies (airframe design, electric drive, battery technology and autonomous flight and sensing systems). Testing will take place on the scaled models and Eviation Aircraft that are currently under construction by the Subsidiary. Upon the completion of the testing, the results of such testing may not support the claims sought by us. Further, success in the proof of concept stage does not ensure that the later stages of development would be successful, and the results of later testing may not meet our expectation or the results of the proof of concept stage. Any such failure may cause us to abandon the development of the Eviation Aircraft altogether.

 

Our future growth is dependent upon consumers’ willingness to adopt light electric aircraft.

 

Our growth is highly dependent upon the adoption by consumers of light electric aircraft as a viable alternative for regional travel, and we are subject to an elevated risk of any reduced demand for, alternative fuel aircraft in general, and light electric aircraft in particular. If the market for light electric aircraft in North America, Europe and Asia does not develop as we expect, or develops more slowly than we expect, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results will be harmed. The market for alternative fuel aircraft is relatively new, rapidly evolving, characterized by rapidly changing technologies, price competition, additional competitors, evolving government regulation and industry standards.

 

  7  

 

Other factors that may influence the adoption of alternative fuel aircraft, and specifically electric aircraft, include:

 

  perceptions about electric aircraft quality, safety (in particular with respect to lithium-ion battery packs), design, performance and cost, especially if adverse events or accidents occur that are linked to the quality or safety of electric aircraft, such as those relating to the battery in the Boeing Dreamliner;
     
  perceptions about airplane safety in general, in particular safety issues that may be attributed to the use of advanced technology;
     
  the limited range over which electric aircraft may fly on a single battery charge and the effects of weather on this range;
     
  the decline of an electric aircraft’s range resulting from deterioration over time in the battery’s ability to hold a charge;
     
  The availability of service for electric aircraft;
     
  concerns about electric grid capacity and reliability, which could derail our present efforts to promote electric aircraft as a practical solution to aircraft which require gasoline;
     
  consumers’ desire and ability to use electric aircraft in regional trips instead of other alternatives such as trains, buses and cars;
     
  government regulations and economic incentives promoting fuel efficiency and alternate forms of energy as well as tax and other governmental incentives to purchase and use electric aircraft;

 

Our business is subject to extensive and costly government regulation.

 

When completed, Eviation Aircraft would be subject to extensive regulation and we may never obtain the certification required for its operation. In the U.S., the Eviation Aircraft must comply with Federal Aviation Administration("FAA") regulations governing production and quality systems, airworthiness and installation approvals, repair procedures and continuing operational safety before it can be certified. The FAA and foreign regulatory authorities have full discretion over this approval process. We will need to perform significant testing of the Eviation Aircraft and its systems before we could file an application for certification. We may encounter delays or rejections based upon the FAA regulations, which may delay the commercialization of our product. Failure to obtain FAA certification of the Eviation Aircraft in a timely manner or at all will severely undermine our business by delaying or halting commercialization of our product, imposing costly procedures and diminishing competitive advantage, and we may be required to cease our operations.

 

Our business is also subject to various federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to environmental footprint in emissions, noise and treatment of hazardous materials. However, the costs incurred to ensure continued environmental compliance could have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows if additional work requirements or more stringent clean-up standards are imposed by regulators, new areas of soil, air and groundwater contamination are discovered and/or expansions of work scope are prompted by the results of investigations.

 

  8  

 

We may be subject to legal proceedings and/or to product liability lawsuits.

 

We could incur substantial costs in connection with product liability or other tortious claims relating to the Eviation Aircraft. The Eviation Aircraft may be involved in aerial accidents, which may cause death, bodily injury and other damages. These accidents may expose us to product liability or other type of tortious lawsuits. If product liability or tortious lawsuits are successfully brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit or to halt the operation of the Eviation Aircraft, which may result in substantial losses. In addition, such accidents would deter consumers from using our product, which could have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flow and may cause us to cease operations. Our business exposes us to potential product liability and aerial accidents risks, which are inherent in the testing, manufacturing, and marketing aviation products and services. We may not be able to avoid product liability or tortious claims. Product liability and aerial accidents insurance are expensive, subject to deductibles and coverage limitations, and may not be available in the amounts that we desire for a price we are willing to pay. Product liability and aerial accidents insurance for aviation companies is generally expensive, if available at all. If, at any time, we are unable to obtain sufficient insurance coverage on reasonable terms or to otherwise protect against potential product liability or tortious claims, we may be unable to test, market or commercialize our product. A successful product liability claim or tort claim brought against us in excess of our insurance coverage, if any, may cause us to incur substantial liabilities, and, as a result, our business, liquidity and results of operations would be materially adversely affected. In addition, the existence of a product liability claim or tortious claim could affect the market price of our securities.

 

If we are unable to obtain adequate insurance, our financial condition could be adversely affected in the event of uninsured or inadequately insured loss or damage. Our ability to effectively recruit and retain qualified officers and directors could also be adversely affected if we experience difficulty in obtaining adequate directors’ and officers’ liability insurance.

 

Our business will expose us to potential liability that results from risks associated with conducting testing on the Eviation Aircraft and from flying the Eviation Aircraft. A successful liability claim, if any, brought against us could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations even though liability insurance is successfully maintained or obtained. The current and planned insurance coverages may only mitigate a small portion of a substantial claim against us. In addition, we may be unable to maintain sufficient insurance as a public company to cover liability claims made against our officers and directors. If we are unable to adequately insure our officers and directors, we may not be able to retain or recruit qualified officers and directors to manage the Company.

 

Two shareholders control more than 80% of the Company

 

Each of Aviv and Magic Stones currently own 41.21% of the Company’s outstanding share capital. Accordingly, they alone can make determinations on any matter requiring shareholder approval other than those decisions that require special approval. See Item 10, “Memorandum and Articles of Association – Special approval.”

 

If we are considered to be a passive foreign investment company ("PFIC"), either presently or in the future, U.S. Holders will be subject to adverse U.S. tax consequences.

 

We will be a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, if 75% or more of our gross income in a taxable year, including our pro rata share of the gross income of any company, U.S. or foreign, in which we are considered to own, directly or indirectly, 25% or more of the shares by value, is passive income. Alternatively, we will be considered a PFIC if at least 50% of our assets in a taxable year, averaged over the year and ordinarily determined based on fair market value, including our pro rata share of the assets of any company in which we are considered to own, directly or indirectly, 25% or more of the shares by value, are held for the production of, or produce, passive income. If we were to be a PFIC, and a U.S. Holder does not make an election to treat us as a “qualified electing fund,” or QEF, or a “mark to market” election, “excess distributions” to a U.S. Holder, and any gain recognized by a U.S. Holder on a disposition of our ordinary shares, would be taxed in an unfavorable way. Among other consequences, our dividends would be taxed at the regular rates applicable to ordinary income, rather than the 15% maximum rate applicable to certain dividends received by an individual from a qualified foreign corporation. The tests for determining PFIC status are applied annually and it is difficult to make accurate predictions of future income and assets, which are relevant to the determination of PFIC status. In addition, under the applicable statutory and regulatory provisions, it is unclear whether we would be permitted to use a gross loss from sales (sales less cost of goods sold) to offset our passive income in the calculation of gross income.

 

In light of the uncertainties described above, we have not obtained an opinion of counsel with respect to our PFIC status and no assurance can be given that we will not be a PFIC in any year. If we determine that we have become a PFIC, we will then notify our U.S. Holders and provide them with the information necessary to comply with the QEF rules. If the IRS determines that we are a PFIC for a year with respect to which we have determined that we were not a PFIC, however, it might be too late for a U.S. Holder to make a timely QEF election, unless the U.S. Holder qualifies under the applicable treasury regulations to make a retroactive (late) election. U.S. Holders who hold ordinary shares during a period when we are a PFIC will be subject to the foregoing rules, even if we cease to be a PFIC in subsequent years, subject to exceptions for U.S. Holders who made a timely QEF or mark-to-market election.

 

  9  

 

RISK FACTORS RELATED TO THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY UTILIZED IN OUR EVIATION BUSINESS

 

If we fail to adequately protect, enforce or secure rights to the patents which we own or that were licensed to us or any patents we may own in the future, the value of our intellectual property rights would diminish and our business and competitive position would suffer.

 

Our success, competitive position and future revenues, if any, depend in part on our ability to obtain and successfully leverage intellectual property covering the Eviation Aircraft, know-how, methods, processes and other technologies, to protect our trade secrets, to prevent others from using our intellectual property and to operate without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties.

 

The risks and uncertainties that we face with respect to our intellectual property rights include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

  the degree and range of protection any patents will afford us against competitors;
     
  the patents concerning our business activities were not registered in all countries and therefore our patent protection may be lacking in some territories;
     
  if and when patents will be issued;
     
  whether or not others will obtain patents claiming aspects similar to those covered by our own or licensed patents and patent applications;
     
  we may be subject to interference or derivation proceedings;
     
  we may be subject to opposition or post-grant proceedings in the U.S. and foreign countries;
     
  any patents that are issued may not provide meaningful protection;
     
  we may not be able to develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable;
     
  other companies may challenge patents licensed or issued to us or our customers;
     
  other companies may independently develop similar or alternative technologies, or duplicate our technologies;
     
  other companies may design around technologies we have licensed or developed;
     
  enforcement of patents is complex, uncertain and expensive; and
     
  we may need to initiate litigation or administrative proceedings that may be costly whether we win or lose.

 

  10  

 

If patent rights covering our product and methods are not sufficiently broad, they may not provide us with any protection against competitors with similar products and technologies. Furthermore, if the United States Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO, or any foreign patent office issue patents to us or our licensors, others may challenge the patents or design around the patents, or the patent office or the courts may invalidate the patents. Thus, any patents we own or license from or to third parties may not provide any protection against our competitors.

 

We cannot be certain that patents will be issued as a result of any pending applications, and we cannot be certain that any of our issued patents or patents licensed from a third-party will give us adequate protection from competing products. For example, issued patents, including the patents licensed by us, may be circumvented or challenged, declared invalid or unenforceable, or narrowed in scope.

 

In addition, since publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature often lags behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that we were the first to make our inventions or to file patent applications covering those inventions.

 

It is also possible that others may obtain issued patents that could prevent us from commercializing our products or require us to obtain licenses requiring the payment of significant fees or royalties in order to enable us to conduct our business. As to those patents that we have licensed, our rights depend on maintaining our obligations to the licensor under the applicable license agreement, and we may be unable to do so.

 

In addition to patents and patent applications, we depend upon proprietary know-how to protect our proprietary technology. We require our employees, consultants, advisors and collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements that limit the disclosure of confidential information to any other parties. We also require our employees and consultants to disclose and assign to us their ideas, developments, discoveries and inventions. These agreements may not, however, provide adequate protection for our know-how or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure.

 

Our commercial success will depend in part on the ability of the licensors of key technologies to maintain protection of their intellectual property.

 

Our success will depend in part on the ability of the licensors of key technologies for use in our new business to obtain, maintain and enforce patent and other intellectual property rights for the technology and to preserve trade secrets, and on our ability to operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of third parties. We cannot be certain that our licensors were the first inventors of inventions covered by their patents and patent applications or that they were the first to file. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that licensed patents and patents application used by the Subsidiary are valid or will afford us protection against competitors with similar technologies. Failure to obtain or maintain patent or other intellectual property protection on the technology underlying our licensed electric double box tail aircraft may have a material adverse effect on our competitive position and business prospects. It is also possible that the technology may infringe on third party patents or other intellectual property rights owned by others. If we are found liable for infringement, we may be liable for significant money damages and may encounter significant delays in bringing products and services to market.

 

Obtaining and maintaining our patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by governmental patent agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for noncompliance with these requirements.

 

Periodic maintenance fees on any issued patent are due to be paid to the USPTO and foreign patent agencies in several stages over the lifetime of the patent. The USPTO and various foreign governmental patent agencies require compliance with a number of procedural, documentary, fee payment and other similar provisions during the patent application process. While an inadvertent lapse can in many cases be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules, there are situations in which noncompliance can result in abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. Noncompliance events that could result in abandonment or lapse of a patent or patent application include, but are not limited to, failure to respond to office actions within prescribed time limits, non-payment of fees and failure to properly legalize and submit formal documents. In such an event, our competitors might be able to enter the market, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

  11  

 

Costly litigation may be necessary to protect our intellectual property rights and we may be subject to claims alleging the violation of the intellectual property rights of others.

 

We may face significant expense and liability as a result of litigation or other proceedings relating to patents and other intellectual property rights of others. In the event that another party has also filed a patent application or been issued a patent relating to an invention or technology claimed by us in pending applications, we may be required to participate in an interference proceeding declared by the USPTO to determine priority of invention, which could result in substantial uncertainties and costs for us, even if the eventual outcome is favorable to us. We, or our licensors, also could be required to participate in interference proceedings involving issued patents and pending applications of another entity. An adverse outcome in an interference proceeding could require us to cease using the technology or to license rights from prevailing third parties.

 

The cost to us of any patent litigation or other proceeding relating to our licensed patents or patent applications, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial and could divert management’s resources and attention. Our ability to enforce our patent protection could be limited by our financial resources, and may be subject to lengthy delays. A third party may claim that we are using inventions claimed by their patents and may go to court to stop us from engaging in our normal operations and activities, such as research, development and the sale of any future products. Such lawsuits are expensive and would consume time and other resources. There is a risk that a court will decide that we are infringing the third party’s patents and will order us to stop the activities claimed by the patents, redesign our products or processes to avoid infringement or obtain licenses (which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all). In addition, there is a risk that a court will order us to pay the other party damages for having infringed their patents.

 

Moreover, there is no guarantee that any prevailing patent owner would offer us a license so that we could continue to engage in activities claimed by the patent, or that such a license, if made available to us, could be acquired on commercially acceptable terms. In addition, third parties may, in the future, assert other intellectual property infringement claims against us with respect to our product candidate, technologies or other matters. Any claims of infringement asserted against us, whether or not successful, may have a material adverse effect on us.

 

We rely on confidentiality agreements that could be breached and may be difficult to enforce, which could result in third parties using our intellectual property to compete against us.

 

Although we believe that we take reasonable steps to protect our intellectual property, including the use of agreements relating to the non-disclosure of confidential information to third parties, as well as agreements that purport to require the disclosure and assignment to us of the rights to the ideas, developments, discoveries and inventions of our employees and consultants while we employ them, the agreements can be difficult and costly to enforce. Although we seek to enter into these types of agreements with our contractors, consultants, advisors and research collaborators, to the extent that employees and consultants utilize or independently develop intellectual property in connection with any of our projects, disputes may arise as to the intellectual property rights associated with the Eviation Aircraft or any future product. If a dispute arises, a court may determine that the right belongs to a third party. In addition, enforcement of our rights can be costly and unpredictable. We also rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how that we seek to protect in part by confidentiality agreements with our employees, contractors, consultants, advisors or others. Despite the protective measures we employ, we still face the risk that:

 

  these agreements may be breached;
     
  these agreements may not provide adequate remedies for the applicable type of breach;
     
  our proprietary know-how will otherwise become known; or
     
  our competitors will independently develop similar technology or proprietary information.

 

  12  

 

International patent protection is particularly uncertain, and if we are involved in opposition proceedings in foreign countries, we may have to expend substantial sums and management resources.

 

Patent law outside the United States may be different than in the United States. Further, the laws of some foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, if at all. A failure to obtain sufficient intellectual property protection in any foreign country could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and future prospects. Moreover, we may participate in opposition proceedings to determine the validity of our foreign patents or our competitors’ foreign patents, which could result in substantial costs and divert management’s resources and attention.

 

Intellectual property rights do not necessarily address all potential threats to our competitive advantage.

 

The degree of future protection afforded by our intellectual property rights is uncertain because intellectual property rights have limitations, and may not adequately protect our business, or permit us to maintain our competitive advantage. The following examples are illustrative:

 

  others may be able to design or develop an aircraft that is substantially similar to the Eviation Aircraft or any future product but that are not covered by the claims of the patents that we own or have exclusively licensed;
     
  we or our licensors or any future strategic partners might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by the issued patent or pending patent application that we own or have exclusively licensed;
     
  we or our licensors or any future strategic partners might not have been the first to file patent applications covering certain of our inventions;
     
  others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies without infringing our intellectual property rights;
     
  it is possible that our pending patent applications will not lead to issued patents;
     
  issued patents that we own or have exclusively licensed may not provide us with any competitive advantages, or may be held invalid or unenforceable, as a result of legal challenges by our competitors;
     
  our competitors might conduct research and development activities in countries where we do not have patent rights and then use the information learned from such activities to develop competitive products for sale in our major commercial markets;
     
  we may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable;

 

We may be subject to claims challenging the inventorship of our patents and other intellectual property.

 

We may be subject to claims that former employees, collaborators or other third parties have an interest in our patents or other intellectual property as an inventor or co-inventor. For example, we may have inventorship disputes arise from conflicting obligations of consultants or others who are involved in developing our product candidates. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these and other claims challenging inventorship. If we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights, such as exclusive ownership of, or right to use, valuable intellectual property. Such an outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other employees. In addition, the Israeli Supreme Court ruled in 2012 that an employee who receives a patent or contributes to an invention during his employment may be allowed to seek compensation for such contributions from his or her employer, even if the employee’s contract of employment specifically states otherwise and the employee has transferred all intellectual property rights to the employer. The Israeli Supreme Court ruled that the fact that a contract revokes an employee’s right for royalties and compensation, does not rule out the right of the employee to claim their right for royalties. As a result, it is unclear whether and, if so, to what extent our employees may be able to claim compensation with respect to our future revenue. We may receive less revenue from future products if any of our employees successfully claim for compensation for their work in developing our intellectual property, which in turn could impact our future profitability.

 

  13  

 

RISKS RELATED TO OUR ISRAELI OPERATIONS

 

You may have difficulty enforcing a judgment issued by a court in the United States against us in Israel.

 

We are organized under the laws of Israel and our headquarters are in Israel. All of our officers and directors reside outside of the United States. Therefore, you may not be able to enforce any judgment obtained in the United States against us or any of such persons. You may not be able to enforce civil actions under United States securities laws if you file a lawsuit in Israel. In addition, if a foreign judgment is enforced by an Israeli court, it will be payable in Israeli currency.

 

Currency fluctuations may affect the value of our assets and decrease our earnings.

 

The Company's functional currency is the U.S. dollar. We anticipate that a significant portion of our expenses will continue to be denominated in NIS. The devaluation of the U.S. dollar against the NIS may decrease the value of our assets and could impact our business.

 

Your rights and responsibilities as a shareholder will be governed by Israeli law and differ in some respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders under U.S. law.

 

We are incorporated under Israeli law. The rights and responsibilities of the holders of our ordinary shares are governed by our amended and restated articles of association (“Articles of Association”) and by Israeli law. These rights and responsibilities differ in some respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders in typical U.S. corporations. In particular, a shareholder of an Israeli company has a duty to act in good faith toward the company and other shareholders and to refrain from abusing his power in the company, including, among other things, in voting at the general meeting of shareholders on certain matters. See “Item 10.B. Additional Information – Memorandum and Articles of Association”

 

It may be difficult to enforce a U.S. judgment against us or our officers and directors or to assert U.S. securities law claims in Israel.

 

We are incorporated in Israel. All of our directors and officers reside outside of the United States. Service of process on them may be difficult to effect in the United States. Furthermore, because a substantial portion of our assets are located in Israel, any judgment obtained in the United States against us or any of our directors and officers may not be collectible within the United States.

 

An Israeli court may declare a judgment rendered by a foreign court in a civil matter, including judgments awarding monetary or other damages in non-civil matters, enforceable if it finds that:

 

  1. the judgment was rendered by a court which was, according to the court's jurisdiction laws, competent to render it;

 

  2. the judgment is no longer appealable;
     
  3. the obligation in the judgment is enforceable according to the rules relating to the enforceability of judgments in Israel and the substance of the judgment is not contrary to public policy in Israel; and

 

  4. the judgment can be executed in the state in which it was given.

 

  14  

 

A foreign judgment will not be declared enforceable by Israeli courts if it was given in a state, the laws of which do not provide for the enforcement of judgments of Israeli courts (subject to exceptional cases) or if its enforcement is likely to prejudice the sovereignty or security of Israel. An Israeli court also will not declare a foreign judgment enforceable if it is proven to the Israeli court that:

 

  1. the judgment was obtained by fraud;

 

  2. there was no due process;

 

  3. the judgment was given by a court not competent to render it according to the laws of private international law in Israel;

 

  4. the judgment conflicts with another judgment that was given in the same matter between the same parties and which is still valid; or

 

  5. at the time the action was brought to the foreign court a claim in the same matter and between the same parties was pending before a court or tribunal in Israel.

 

Israeli courts may refuse to hear a claim based on a violation of U.S. securities laws because Israel is not the most appropriate forum to bring such a claim. In addition, even if an Israeli court agrees to hear a claim, it may determine that Israeli law and not U.S. law is applicable to the claim. If U.S. law is found to be applicable, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proved as a fact that can be a time-consuming and costly process. Certain matters of procedure will also be governed by Israeli law. Additionally, there is doubt as to the enforceability of civil liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in original actions instituted in Israel.

 

Conditions in Israel may adversely affect our operations and may limit our ability to produce and sell our products.

 

We are incorporated under Israeli law and our principal offices are located in Israel. Political, economic and military conditions in Israel directly affect our operations. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel and its Arab neighbors and a state of hostility, varying in degree and intensity, has led to security and economic problems for Israel. We could be adversely affected by any major hostilities involving Israel, the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its trading partners, a significant increase in inflation, or a significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel. Ongoing and revived hostilities with the Palestinians or Arab countries might require more widespread military reserve service by some of our employees, which could have an adverse effect on our business. In addition, several Arab and Muslim countries still restrict business with Israeli companies. We could be adversely affected by restrictive laws or policies directed towards Israel or Israeli businesses.

 

Generally, all male adult citizens and permanent residents of Israel under the age of 45 can, unless exempt, be called up and obligated to perform active military reserve duty for as many as 36 days annually (beyond this age, they may be called up and obligated to take part in military training for as many as 13 days annually). Additionally, all Israeli residents of this age are subject to being called to active duty at any time. Although we have operated effectively under these requirements since we began operations, we cannot assess the full impact of these requirements on our workforce or business if political and military conditions should change, and we cannot predict the effect on us of any expansion or reduction of these obligations.

 

RISKS RELATING TO OWNERSHIP OF OUR ORDINARY SHARES

 

If we are considered to have been a shell company at any point in the past, we will be subject to various restrictions and requirements under the U.S. Securities Laws.

 

While we are not as of the date of this report on Form 20-F a shell company, the Company may be deemed to have been, at one point or another in time prior to the commencement of our new business focus, a shell company. A “shell company”, as defined by Rule 12b-2 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, is (1) a company that has no or nominal operations; and (2) either: (i) no or nominal assets; (ii) assets consisting solely of cash and cash equivalents; or (iii) assets consisting of any amount of cash and cash equivalents and nominal other assets. If however, due to the scope or range of our operations we are deemed to have been a shell company, then certain consequences follow.

 

  15  

 

During the period in which we are deemed to be a shell company and for a period of one year following the filing of this report on Form 20-F for the year ending December 31, 2016, the provisions of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 may not be used for resale of shares issued by us.  These restrictions may limit our ability to raise capital via the private placement of our shares.

 

We are unlikely to pay dividends in the foreseeable future and any return on investment may be limited to the value of our ordinary shares.

 

Under the Israeli Companies Law, dividends may only be paid out of profits legally available for distribution and provided that there is no reasonable concern that such payment will prevent us from satisfying our existing and foreseeable obligations as they become due. In addition, a competent court may approve, as per a motion to be filed by a company in accordance with the Israeli Companies Law requirements, a payment which does not meet the profits test, provided that the court was convinced that there is no reasonable concern that such payment will prevent the company from satisfying its existing and foreseeable obligations as they become due. We do not expect to declare or pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future and intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. If we do not pay dividends, our ordinary shares may be less valuable because a return on your investment will only occur if our share price appreciates. If we issue additional shares in the future, it will result in the dilution of our existing shareholders.

 

We are authorized to issue up to 700,000,000 ordinary shares. Our board of directors may choose to issue some or all of such shares to acquire one or more companies or products and to fund our overhead and general operating requirements. The issuance of any such shares will reduce the book value per share and may contribute to a reduction in the market price of the outstanding shares of our ordinary shares. If we issue any such additional shares, such issuance will reduce the proportionate ownership and voting power of all current shareholders. Further, such issuance may result in a change of control of our company.

 

Trading of our ordinary shares is restricted by the Securities Exchange Commission’s penny stock regulations, which may limit a shareholder’s ability to buy and sell our ordinary shares.

 

The Securities and Exchange Commission has adopted regulations which generally define “penny stock” to be any equity security that has a market price (as defined) less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. Our securities are covered by the penny stock rules, which impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors”. The term “accredited investor” refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual income exceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse. The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document in a form prepared by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stock market. The broker-dealer also must provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account. The bid and offer quotations, and the broker-dealer and salesperson compensation information, must be given to the customer orally or in writing prior to effecting the transaction and must be given to the customer in writing before or with the customer’s confirmation. In addition, the penny stock rules require that prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from these rules, the broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity in the secondary market for the stock that is subject to these penny stock rules. Consequently, these penny stock rules may affect the ability of broker-dealers to trade our securities. We believe that the penny stock rules discourage investor interest in and limit the marketability of our ordinary shares.

 

  16  

 

FINRA sales practice requirements may also limit a shareholder’s ability to buy and sell our shares.

 

In addition to the “penny stock” rules described above, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) has adopted rules that require that in recommending an investment to a customer, a broker-dealer must have reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable for that customer. Prior to recommending speculative low priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA believes that there is a high probability that speculative low priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. FINRA requirements make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that their customers buy our ordinary shares, which may limit your ability to buy and sell our shares and have an adverse effect on the market for our shares.

 

The market for our ordinary shares is illiquid and the price of our ordinary shares may be negatively impacted by factors that are unrelated to our operations.

 

Although our ordinary shares are currently listed for quotation on the OTC Pink there is no market for our ordinary shares. Even when a market is established and trading begins, trading through the OTCPK is frequently thin and highly volatile. There is no assurance that a sufficient market will develop in our shares, in which case it could be difficult for shareholders to sell their shares. The market price of our ordinary shares could fluctuate substantially due to a variety of factors, including market perception of our ability to achieve our planned growth, quarterly operating results of our competitors, trading volume in our ordinary shares, changes in general conditions in the economy and the financial markets or other developments affecting our competitors or us. In addition, the stock market is subject to extreme price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has had a significant effect on the market price of securities issued by many companies for reasons unrelated to their operating performance and could have the same effect on our ordinary shares.

 

If we fail to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and share price.

 

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 imposes certain duties on us. Our efforts to comply with the management assessment requirements of Section 404 thereof have resulted in a devotion of management time and attention to compliance activities, and we expect these efforts to require the continued commitment of significant resources. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting. We may also identify material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, our internal control over financial reporting has not been, and is not required to be, audited by our independent registered public accounting firm. In the future, if we are unable to assert that our internal controls are effective, our investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which in turn could cause our share price to decline. Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could also result in investigation and/or sanctions by regulatory authorities, and could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results, investor confidence in our reported financial information, and the market price of our ordinary shares.

 

We will likely issue additional capital shares in the future, which would dilute our existing shareholders.

 

In the future, we will likely issue our previously authorized and unissued securities, including shares of our ordinary shares or securities convertible into or exchangeable for our ordinary shares, resulting in the dilution of the ownership interests of our shareholders. We are authorized under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to issue 700,000,000 ordinary shares.

 

We currently do not have any commitments for funding. In addition, we may also issue additional ordinary shares or securities convertible into or exchangeable for our ordinary share in connection with the hiring of personnel, future acquisitions, future private placements of our securities for capital raising purposes or for other business purposes. Future issuances of our ordinary shares, or the perception that such issuances could occur, could have a material adverse effect on the price of our ordinary shares.

 

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ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON The COmpany

 

A. HISTORY OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY

 

Our legal and commercial name is Eviation Aircraft Ltd. Our offices are at 1 Ha’Ofe St., Kadima-Tzoran, Israel, 6092000. Our corporate governance complies with the Israeli Companies Law, 1999, as amended (the “Companies Law”). Our shares are currently quoted on the OTC Market, Pink, under the symbol, EVTNF.

 

The Company, formerly known as R.V.B. Holdings Ltd. (“RVB”), is an Israeli company that was formed in January 1998 to receive all of the assets and liabilities of the defense related business of BVR Technologies Ltd. in accordance with the terms of a reorganization plan. BVR commenced operations as an independent company effective as of January 1, 1998. In November 2009, BVR sold substantially all of its assets and liabilities, including the brand name “B.V.R.”, to Elbit Systems Ltd. (“Elbit”) and following the sale changed its name in January 2010 to R.V.B. Holdings Ltd. RVB was controlled by Mr. Aviv Tzidon, one of our principal shareholders and a director in our Company until March 2010, when Greenstone Industries Ltd. (“Greenstone”) purchased a controlling interest in the Company from A.O. Tzidon (1999) Ltd. and Aviv Tzidon.

 

On April 2, 2015, the Tel Aviv District Court (the “Court”) granted Greenstone’s petition, due to the financial and business condition of the Company, to appoint Adv. Mordechai Shalev as the Temporary Liquidator of the Company, with a mandate to identify and liquidate the Company’s assets and to investigate its conduct.

 

On October 28, 2015, the Temporary Liquidator filed with the Court an agreement for the sale of the Company (the “Agreement”) by way of a share issuance to Aviv and Magic Stones. The Agreement was reached following a ‘request for proposals’ (RFP) procedure carried out by the Temporary Liquidator to sell the Company free and clear from all assets and obligations of any kind.

 

Following the approval of the Agreement by the Court on February 2, 2016, the following was implemented (1) canceling the nominal value of the Company’s shares, such that the Company’s shares will not have any nominal value, (2) converting 71,923,175 non-tradeable options to purchase ordinary shares of the Company into 71,923,175 ordinary shares of the Company, (3) effectuating a reverse split of the Company’s shares at a ratio of 30,465:1, such that for each 30,465 shares of the Company, the shareholders of the Company received one share, and (4) increasing the share capital of the Company to 700,000,000 ordinary shares of the Company with no nominal value.   After giving effect to such actions and prior to the share issuances to Aviv and Magic Stones, the total number of issued ordinary shares of the Company was 10,000. The reverse split became effective on February 25, 2016.

 

Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company, at the direction of the Temporary Liquidator, issued to Aviv and Magic Stones, in the aggregate, 9,990,000 ordinary shares representing, on the date of their issuance, 99.9% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company, in consideration for which these shareholders paid to the Temporary Liquidator the amount of NIS 600,000 (approximately $153,000 at the exchange rate in effect at the time of the purchase).

 

Following the acquisition of the Company, the Board of the Company identified a new business direction to pursue in the area of aviation transportation via light electrically operated aircrafts. The viable electric aircraft eco-system that the Company seeks to establish is intended to enable passengers to book an “on demand” flight as a cost-effective solution compared with other available transportation methods of regional travels. The aircraft to be developed will be inexpensive to operate, significantly reducing the cost of travel for passengers and is planned to be an emissions-free, quiet, high speed, safe and easy to operate, with lower operating and ownership costs. In furtherance thereof, on May 15, 2016, the Company established a new, wholly-owned Israeli subsidiary company under the name “Eviation Tech Ltd.”, or the Subsidiary, for the purpose of developing and commercializing its new business focus. On July 17, 2016, Aviv and Magic Stones assigned or otherwise transferred to our Subsidiary all rights that each had or entered into relating to the new business focus of light aircraft aviation technology.

 

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Our legacy business of waste management as at December 31, 2015 has been discontinued. The discussion below relates solely to our new business focus in light aviation regional transportation field.

 

On March 2, 2017, our corporate name change to “Eviation Aircraft Ltd.” became effective. We adopted our new name as part of our transformation into our new business focus of designing, developing and manufacturing a light electric passenger aircraft and p roviding supportive services required for an economically viable electric aircraft eco-system. In connection with the Company’s name change, effective March 2, 2017, the Company’s ordinary shares began to be quoted under the ticker symbol EVTNF on the OTC Markets Pink Tier. 

 

B. AVIATION BUSINESS OVERVIEW

 

OUR BUSINESS

 

We incorporated in Israel on May 15, 2016 Eviation Tech Ltd., as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, a private company limited by shares. Through the Subsidiary, we are designing, developing and intend to manufacture a light, electric passenger aircraft, which we refer to as the “Eviation Aircraft”, and to provide supportive services required for an economically viable electric aircraft eco-system.

 

The viable electric aircraft eco-system is intended to enable passengers to book an “on demand” flight as a cost-effective solution compared with other available transportation methods of regional travels. The Eviation Aircraft to be developed will be inexpensive to operate, significantly reducing the cost of travel for passengers. A passenger aircraft that’s cheap to own and operate, quiet, fast and easy to fly, will eventually create, we believe, a market shift for short haul regional travel.

 

We are currently in the proof of concept stage, and intend to test all the components of the enabling core technologies (airframe design, electric drive, battery technology and autonomous flight and sensing systems). Testing will take place on the scaled models that are currently under construction by the Subsidiary.

 

ABOUT THE EVIATION AIRCRAFT

 

The Eviation Aircraft is planned to be an emissions-free, quiet, high speed, safe and easy to fly aircraft, with lower operating and ownership costs. We expect this aircraft to achieve a reduction of over 60% in direct operating costs, compared with similarly sized non-electric aircraft. We also estimate that such cost reduction, combined with the inherently low maintenance costs of electrical drives, will place the Eviation Aircraft in competition with personal automobiles and the various modes of public transportation to destinations over 100 miles away.

 

The Eviation Aircraft is designed to accommodate six or eight passengers for a maximum travel distance of 800 miles, using electrical power only. It will be able cruise at over 200 knots (ktas) using only 90 kilowatt (kW) of power, at a cost per seat mile, or “CASM”, of approximately US $0.10, allowing the Eviation Aircraft to favorably compete in the general aviation market in addition to providing a viable alternative to the regional transportation options of today.

 

The Eviation Aircraft is designed to provide an economically accessible travel option for a wider range of passengers. In addition, due to the quiet and emission free engine of the Eviation Aircraft, the Subsidiary will be able to utilize many small airfields that were not previously accessible due to environmental regulations.

 

In addition to the License and Service Agreement entered on September 1, 2015 by Aviv and Magic Stones and subsequently assigned to the Subsidiary, the details of which are discussed below under the caption “Material Agreements”, we intend to enter into joint development and risk-sharing agreements with established OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers or systems. The agreements are intended to further the development of the aircraft and reduce the risks involved in the type certification of a new aircraft.

  

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CORE ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE EVIATION AIRCRAFT

 

The Eviation Aircraft development process includes the following core-enabling technologies in different stages of their development cycle status.  

 

Airframe design

 

We have developed a highly efficient airframe, designed and built from the ground up for electric propulsion. The air frame allows for efficient use of distributed propulsion; low cooling drag and efficient thermal management. The airframe has been extensively tested and analyzed and is expected to fly at scale in the first half of 2017. The first full scale, 6 passengers carrying implementation of the airframe is to be constructed throughout 2017 and 2018 and is expected to be ready for first prototype flight by the third quarter of 2018. The construction of the full-scale aircraft has been found eligible for Israeli government support, and was granted in December 2016 3,000,000 NIS (equal to approximately $780 thousand at the time of grant) in match-up funding, over the period of construction of the full-scale aircraft. The funds are considered as a loan, to be repaid out of future revenues. On February 27,2017, our Subsidiary received NIS 150 thousand (approximately $40 thousand) as advance. The remaining funds will be received subject to actual cost that will be incurred by the Subsidiary and in accordance with the approved budget as included in the signed Support and Investment Agreement with the OCS.

 

Electric drive

 

Two sets of highly efficient motors and controllers has been purchased and integrated as the electric drive system of the aircraft. Suitable motors and controllers are manufactured by two separate potential suppliers and testing and integration will be performed on both, to allow supply chain flexibility in the future.

 

Battery technology

 

The Eviation Aircraft will utilize an aluminum-air battery to be developed and supplied by Phinergy Ltd., a company controlled by Aviv, and a Lithium Polymer buffer battery for high power at takeoff, as well as for regenerated power storage. The aluminum-air battery system produces electricity from the reaction of oxygen in the air with aluminum, and will be integrated into our airframes as part of a combined battery solution. The integration and optimization of the batteries and energy storage system design for our airframe has been performed by us during the second half of 2016.

 

Autonomous flight and sensing systems

 

In addition to the development and manufacturing of the Eviation Aircraft, we are also developing related services and technologies that will demonstrate our vision of the Eviation Aircraft eco-system. These developments include stand-alone low cost auto-piloting solutions, high volume, machine airspace management and real-time remote assistance and piloting service. These technologies are sub-systems that could be integrated into existing and future general aviation aircraft as products or services, regardless of the maturity of the Eviation Aircraft.

 

 

Remote Ground Station Assistance and Control

 

Under the Laminar MOU discussed below, Aviv has contracted on our behalf with Mr. Austin Meyer and Laminar Research LLC, for the development of the software to be integrated into the Subsidiary’s ground stations and air traffic control demonstrators. The software that includes uniquely modified versions of a commercially available flight simulator and a controller, developed for and owned by the Subsidiary, will be integrated into the Eviation Aircraft’s hardware. The system created shall be used for safety support, to safely manage and control high numbers of aircraft in a given airspace.

 

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Collision Avoidance and Remote Communication

 

We are also developing an obstacle detection and collision warning system, in addition to other optical sensors to assist with full surrounding awareness by the aircraft. This system will also include a machine to machine (M2M) data connection that will allow the plane to communicate with other planes for safety and automated formation flights.

 

Auto Landing System

 

We have purchased all rights under a U.S. patent for a high precision electro-optical positioning system. Under the rights obtained, the Subsidiary has completed the conceptual design of a low-cost auto-landing system, currently being developed under contract with Zickel Engineering Ltd. The system prototype was completed during the second half of 2016, and integrated as part of our advanced auto-pilot system. As such, this feature will be integrated into the Eviation Aircraft, and its scale models.

 

The autonomous flight and sensing systems are also intended to be developed as the first stage for auto-pilot aircraft.

 

MARKET OVERVIEW

 

General Aviation

 

General aviation, comprising all aircraft other than military aircraft and scheduled commercial airliners, presents an uncommon form of long distance transport method.

 

According to the 2014 General Aviation Statistical Databook and 2015 Industry Outlook, the general aviation market includes approximately 400,000 aircraft worldwide, ranging from two-seat training aircraft and utility helicopters to intercontinental business jets flying today, most of which are based in the United States and Europe. In the U.S., the general aviation fleet flies almost 23 million flight hours to more than 5,000 U.S. public airports, while scheduled commercial airlines serve less than 500 airports. The European general aviation fleet can access over 4,200 airports.

 

The global aviation industry has been growing and developing over the past few years. In 2014, the general aviation industry showed total revenue of approximately $24.5 billion and delivery of 2,454 in new aircraft revenue, a slight increase compared to the previous year. The increase is mostly attributable to a 6.5% increase in the number of business jets delivered that year. In comparison, the commercial aviation industry is estimated at $260 billion in new aircraft deliveries each year. Moreover, commercial aviation has been growing at roughly 5% per year since 1980, compared with a 0.5% annual growth for general aviation since 2010.

 

Regional Transportation

 

According to national household travel surveys made in 2001 and 2009, or NHTS, as summarized in Long Distance Transportation Patterns: Mode Choice, out of the 2.6 billion trips of over 50 miles in distance taken annually by Americans, 2.36 billion trips are of 100-750 miles, making the regional distance account for 91% of the total trips taken, and an estimated total of over $1 trillion spent on this type of travel.

 

We aim to target trips at a destination distance of 100-749 miles, rendering 50-100 miles more suitable for a car and trips over 750 miles for main-stream commercial aviation. According to the data provided by the NHTS, we estimate a regional-distance trip that accounts for 91% of all trips over 50 miles, and that is served almost exclusively by cars (93.1%).

 

Management believes that building a plane that will cruise at 4-5 times the speed of a car on a highway, but at a cost per mile that’s closer to a bus or a regional train is possible with electric propulsion. Our proposed aircraft plane design will have two overlapping missions at the core of the Eviation business plan – first to compete in the General Aviation market, and second to make light aviation a real regional transportation alternative.

 

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Competitive Modes of Travel

 

The Eviation Aircraft will compete with light aircraft in the general aviation market and with trains, buses and private automobiles in the regional travel market. Light aircraft are highly expensive for travel. The CASM (cost per seat mile) for light aircraft is estimated at US $0.20 to US $0.50, not including pilot’s expenses.

 

According to an AAA, “Your Driving Costs” 2015 report, the driving CASM for a mid-size sedan at full seating capacity in 2015 was US $0.12 - US $0.20. The average CASM in the commercial aviation industry is US $0.13, but additional costs for the customer significantly vary based on competition on routes, so that regional prices in the U.S. commercial aviation industry range between US $0.21 and US $0.90 cents per mile traveled. Buses and regional trains are less expensive (CASM of US $0.8 - US $0.11), but are also very slow in commute. High speed trains are more expensive (CASM of US $0.25 - US $0.35), and like commercial aviation require a significant investment in infrastructure.

 

The Eviation Aircraft adds a unique and inexpensive alternative to the current existing regional transportation options for travel distances of 100-750, while using the existing infrastructure of general aviation, at an estimated CASM of US $0.10 or less.

 

OUR BUSINESS STRATEGY

 

Our business plan includes four distinct stages as described below:

 

1.        Proof of Concept – We are currently in the proof of concept stage, and intends to test all the components of the Eviation Aircraft core enabling technologies (airframe design, electric drive, battery technology and autonomous flight and sensing systems). Testing will take place on the scaled models and the full-scale aircraft once completed. Our goal is to successfully complete the construction and first test flights of the Eviation Aircraft. We expect to complete the proof of concept stage by the end of 2018. The expected cost of this stage is approximately US $3.4 million.

 

 2.        Aircraft and Services Development – Following the proof of concept stage, we intend to develop potential products to defined services and solutions and protect any intellectual property created during the proof of concept stage. We also intend to partner with leading aerospace industrial suppliers to commercialize and market these services and solutions. This stage will focus mainly on the development and commercialization of autonomous flight and sensing systems, including the remote pilot assistance and auto landing system. In addition, we intend to continue the flight testing of the Eviation Aircraft to both validate and improve the Aircraft’s design. We expect to complete this stage by the end of 2019 at an estimated cost of approximately US $2 million.

 

3.        Production - In this third stage we plan to complete the industrial production design process for the Eviation Aircraft, based on the results of the flight tests for the purpose of commercialization and type certification of the Eviation Aircraft. We further intend to partner with established airframe manufacturers to support the process of commercialization of the design. We also plan, based on the assessment of the certification process, to complete the development of the transportation service platform and initiate marketing. We may independently manufacture a limited series of experimental Eviation Aircraft, to be sold in the U.S. market. This stage is planned to be completed by the end of 2020. We cannot estimate the cost at this time.

 

4.        Production and Operations - In the fourth and final stage, we plan to complete the certification process of the Eviation Aircraft and partner with manufacturers and marketers for the commercialization of the aircraft, along with additional developed systems and services. We estimate the earliest expected sale of a complete certified Eviation Aircraft will be in the year 2022.

 

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EMPLOYEES

 

As of the date of this report on Form 20-F, we have, through our Subsidiary, nine employees in Israel, of which eight are engaged in design and development.

 

CAPITAL RESOURCES

 

In order to advance the business of the Company, on July 17, 2016, Aviv and Magic Stones, on the one hand, and the Company, on the other, entered into a loan and security agreement pursuant to which these shareholders advanced a total of $500,000 to our Company for a period of seven years at an annual interest rate equal to the lower of (i) 3.2% per annum, and (ii) the minimum rate required by law to avoid the imputing of tax. As security for such loan, we granted to the advancing shareholders a specific lien and security interest on all of the shares of the Subsidiary held by us. The loan may be repaid at any time in minimum increments of $50,000. The proceeds of the loan are to be used for funding our on-going operations.

 

Additionally, on July 17, 2016, Aviv and Magic Stones entered a loan and security agreement with our Subsidiary pursuant to which they will provide a credit line of up to $4,500,000 for a period of seven years at an annual interest rate equal to the lower of (i) 3.2% per annum, and (ii) the minimum rate required by law to avoid the imputing of tax. Draws on such credit line may be made in increments of not less than $50,000, and outstanding amounts on the credit line may be repaid in increments of not less than $50,000. Accrued interest is payable annually. As security for amounts owing under the credit line, the Subsidiary granted to these shareholders a floating lien and charge on all the assets of the Subsidiary, and a specific charge on all the intellectual property rights owned by the Subsidiary at any time. An event of default on any one of the loan made to us and the credit line granted to the Subsidiary triggers an event of default under the other of such loan and credit line. As of the date of this report, our Subsidiary has drawn down on approximately $2.7 million under this facility.

 

MATERIAL AGREEMENTS

 

License and Service Agreement for the manufacturing of the scaled models and electric synergy prime aircraft

 

On September 1, 2015, our shareholder, Aviv, entered on behalf of our Subsidiary into a License and Service Agreement (“the LSA”) with Mr. John McGinnis, on behalf of himself and on behalf of his companies (collectively, “McGinnis”), for a patent and know-how in the field of aircraft, including a Double Boxtail Aircraft design. Pursuant to the terms of the LSA, our Subsidiary acquired a worldwide exclusive license to a patent and know-how necessary for the completion and utilization of a flying electric Double Boxtail aircraft for use solely in the field of electric powered aircraft (including hybrid electric) above 55lbs, including the rights to develop, make, commercialize, and import products and processes. Three years after the termination of the agreement, the license will automatically become non-exclusive. As of December 31, 2016 the Company paid US $700 thousand for the development and production of scaled demonstrators and additional development and production services relating to a full scale electric synergy prime aircraft.

 

In addition, the Subsidiary can select to continue to engage McGinnis for additional development projects in the future.

 

Pursuant to the terms of the LSA, McGinnis is and shall remain the sole and exclusive owner of the patent and the know-how he has developed that relates thereto. Any intellectual property developed in the course of or as a result of the services under the LSA shall belong to McGinnis and will automatically and for no additional consideration licensed to us under the license granted in this agreement. We will have the right to coordinate, review, comment and approve any filing, prosecution, maintenance and enforcement of patent applications and patents on the new developed intellectual property.

 

As of March 2016, due to a lack of progress in the development and supply of the model or the completion of the synergy prime aircraft, the LSA has in effect been suspended, and could be reinstated in agreement between the parties in any stage. The suspension of the LSA has led us to focus only on the development of the Eviation Aircraft and accelerate its construction program as described above.

 

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Administrative Services Agreement for the provision of various services and the lease of office space

 

On November 30, 2015, Aviv and Mr. Michael Ilan (beneficial owner of Magic Stones) entered into an Administrative Services Agreement with Phinergy Ltd., a company also controlled by Aviv and Mr. Ilan – “the ASA”. Pursuant to the ASA, Phinergy provides our Subsidiary with (i) administrative and general services, including secretarial and management services; (ii) human resource services; (iii) accounting and bookkeeping services, including the services of a chief financial officer; and (iv) office space and office services, including telephone, fax and data communications and cleaning services (the services described in (i) through (iv), collectively – the “Services”). In consideration for these Services, our Subsidiary pays to Phinergy a monthly fee, calculated on the basis of the actual cost to Phinergy of providing the Services, derived as a percentage of the global costs paid for Phinergy for receiving such services for itself and our Subsidiary together. Fees are paid on a quarterly basis in arrears.

 

The Laminar MOU

 

On February 5, 2016, our Subsidiary (as then an entity in formation) entered into a “Memorandum of Understandings” with Laminar Research LLC (the “Laminar MOU” and “Laminar”, respectively) for the development of an air traffic control (ATC) algorithm and its implementation on subscale aircraft models. The Laminar MOU comprises several steps of development by Laminar, for a total payment of $180,000. Our Subsidiary receives an irrevocable, royalty-free license for a limited number of copies of the finished software products. Progress and integration of this concept will be synchronized with the NASA UTM project. The Company engages with this development through its  General Aviation Manufacturer's Association ("GAMA") membership.

 

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

 

In July 2016, our Subsidiary acquired from Eye Point Ltd., a company owned by Mr. Dekel Tzidon, all rights under US patent No. 8,314,928 (the “Eye Point Patent”). The Eye Point Patent will expire on November 12, 2026. This patent allows us to develop our conceptual design of an auto-landing system.

 

We also license US Patent No. 8,657,226, owned by McGinnis, pursuant to the LSA. This patent will expire on April 26, 2029. Pursuant to our agreement with McGinnis, any patents and other types of intellectual property developed in the framework of the LSA will be owned by McGinnis and will be added to the license already granted by McGinnis for no additional consideration.

 

We currently rely upon a combination of trade secrets, patents, copyrights, and trademarks, as well as non-disclosure agreements and invention assignment agreements, to protect our technologies and other proprietary Company information.

 

Our policy is to require our employees, consultants, advisors and collaborators to execute confidentiality agreements. Additionally, we require our employees and consultants to execute assignment of invention agreements upon the commencement of employment, consulting or advisory relationships. These agreements generally provide that all confidential information developed or made known to a party by us during the course of the party’s association with our Company is to be kept confidential and not to be disclosed to third parties except in specific circumstances. In the case of employees and consultants, the agreements also provide that all inventions conceived by the individuals in the course of their employment or consulting relationship will be our exclusive property.

 

While our intellectual property rights in the aggregate are important to the operation of our business, we do not believe that our business would be materially affected by the expiration of any particular intellectual property right or termination of any particular intellectual property patent license agreement.

 

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REGULATORY ASPECTS

 

Our business is regulated by the FAA and the Department of Homeland Security. In the U.S., the Eviation Aircraft will be required to comply with FAA regulations governing production and quality systems, airworthiness and installation approvals, repair procedures and continuing operational safety. When we reach the stage of mass production and deployment of the Eviation Aircraft, we will also be subject to various federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection, including the discharge, treatment, storage, disposal and remediation of hazardous substances and wastes. We will continually assess our compliance status and management of environmental matters to ensure our operations are in substantial compliance with all applicable environmental laws and regulations. Investigation, remediation, operation and maintenance costs associated with environmental compliance and management of sites will be a normal, recurring part of our operations. It is reasonably possible that costs we incur to ensure continued environmental compliance could have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, if additional work requirements or more stringent clean-up standards are imposed by regulators, new areas of soil, air and groundwater contamination are discovered and/or expansions of work scope are prompted by the results of investigations.

 

Standards bodies, which are formal and informal associations that seek to establish voluntary, non-governmental product and technology standards, are influential in the United States and abroad. ASTM International (American Society for Testing and Materials International) is an international  standards organization  that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical  standards  for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and   services . Some 12,575 ASTM voluntary consensus standards operate globally. We are an active member in F39 and F44 ASTM regulatory committees, helping to define the standards for electric propulsion in aviation.

 

As of November 2, 2016, we are an associate member of GAMA , an aviation industry trade association representing general aviation (non-military & non-airliner) aircraft manufacturers and related enterprises, chiefly in the United States.

 

COMPETITION

 

Our competitive landscape includes companies that are established airframe manufacturers, and startups building electric aircraft. In product terms, the companies are making fixed wing aircraft, rotorcrafts and combinations thereof. The leader among the established manufacturers is Airbus, that has created the e-fan program and demonstrated manned electric flight of a 2-seat electric trainer in 2014. Other companies including Pipistrel of Slovenia which is already producing a light fully electric aircraft called the pipistrel Alpha Electro. Several American startups, are developing electric Vertical TakeOff and Landing (VTOL) aircraft, that will compete for funding and market share in the future. The leading companies to date are Zee Aero LLC and Joby Aviation LLC, both based in California, USA.

 

It is our view that the unique efficiency of our Eviation Aricraft design will make for a unique value proposition for regional distance travel, while the VTOL capabilities of the competition will make them more expensive and offer a shorter range of flight. As such, we foresee potential synergies and a basis for collaboration allowing players to further focus their advantages in the market, when the competitors' VTOL aircraft serves to extend the reach of potential clients to our aircrafts at the airfields.

 

DEVELOPMENT AWARDS

 

On December 18, 2016 our Subsidiary signed a Support and Investment Agreement with the Office of the Chief Scientist (“OCS”) of the Ministry of National Infrastructures, Energy, Water and Resources of Israel. Under the agreement, the Company will develop passenger's electric aircraft. The plan will be performed during 24 months commencing on January 1, 2017. The Subsidiary is entitled to receive up to 50% of the actual costs and up to NIS 3 million (approximately $780 thousand). As a security, the Subsidiary provided a bank guarantee in the amount of NIS 225 thousand that will be effective until 3 months after the end of the project. The Subsidiary is expected to record a lien on a bank deposit in the same amount in favor of the bank providing the guarantee. According to the agreement, the Subsidiary will be required to pay royalties in an amount of 5% on sales of products and services derived from a technology developed using these grants until 100% of the CPI-linked grant plus interest is repaid. On February 27,2017, our Subsidiary received NIS 150 thousand (approximately $40 thousand) as advance.

 

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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

 

Research and development expenses recorded in 2016 amounted to $1,829 thousand.

 

C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

 

See discussion above.

 

D. PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT

 

All of our facilities are leased, and we do not own any real property. Our principal executive offices are located in 1 Ha’Ofeh Street, Kadima-Tzoran, Israel. The space is in a commercial office building and has approximately 200 square meters pursuant to a 2-month lease which commenced on December 1, 2015 with 6 option periods of 12 months each that will be automatically exercised unless we provide termination notice within 90 days before the end of each lease period. We have no material tangible fixed assets apart from the properties described above.

 

On January 9, 2017, we entered into a lease agreement for additional office space and parking spots with a related party. The lease period commenced on January 1, 2017 for one year with an option to extend the lease period for up to an additional six years. The contract is renewed automatically unless the Company provides a termination notice within 90 days before the end of each year lease period.

 

ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

 

None.

 

ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

 

YOU SHOULD READ THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS IN CONJUNCTION WITH ITEM 3 "SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA" AND OUR CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES THERETO INCLUDED ELSEWHERE IN THIS ANNUAL REPORT. THIS "OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS" SECTION CONTAINS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS THAT INVOLVE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES. OUR ACTUAL RESULTS COULD DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE ANTICIPATED IN THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AS A RESULT OF CERTAIN FACTORS INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THOSE SET FORTH UNDER THE CAPTION "RISK FACTORS" AND ELSEWHERE IN THIS REPORT.

 

A.  OPERATING RESULTS

 

Summary

 

Due to the financial and business condition of the Company, in April 2015, at creditors’ request, the Tel Aviv District Court appointed a Temporary Liquidator to obtain and realize the Company’s assets and to settle its liabilities. The Temporary Liquidator arranged for the transfer and assumption of all assets and liabilities of the Company to a trust managed by him, and the issuance to Aviv and Magic Stones, our shareholders, of 9,990,000 ordinary shares of the Company representing 99.9% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company. The agreement between these shareholders and the Temporary Liquidator on behalf of the Company, was executed on October 22, 2015 (the “Agreement”), and the Tel Aviv District Court approved the sale to Aviv and Magic Stones on February 2, 2016.

 

Following the approval of the Agreement by the Court, the following was implemented (1) canceling the nominal value of the Company’s shares, such that the Company’s shares will not have any nominal value, (2) converting 71,923,175 non-tradeable options to purchase ordinary shares of the Company into 71,923,175 ordinary shares of the Company, (3) effectuating a reverse split of the Company’s shares at a ratio of 30,465:1, such that for each 30,465 shares of the Company, the shareholders of the Company received one share, and (4) increasing the share capital of the Company to 700,000,000 ordinary shares of the Company with no nominal value.   After giving effect to such actions and prior to the share issuances to Aviv and Magic Stones, the total number of issued ordinary shares of the Company was 10,000. The reverse split became effective on February 25, 2016.

 

We embarked, through a newly created subsidiary established in May 2016, in the design and development of a light propulsion electrically powered passenger aviation aircraft. We are currently in the proof of concept stage, and intend to test all the components of the Eviation Aircraft core enabling technologies (airframe design, electric drive, battery technology and autonomous flight and sensing systems). Testing will take place on the scaled models and the full-scale aircraft once completed.

 

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Results of Operations

 

The Company’s legacy operations in waste disposal in existence as of December 31, 2015 has been discontinued and the comparative results for 2014 and 2015 have been presented in 2016 financial statements as discontinued operation. As such, a period-to-period analysis will be of limited value in assessing our operations or prospects and the analysis below refers solely to operations results of 2016 as we commenced our new business focus in 2016.

 

Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2015

 

The operation loss for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $2,170 thousand is attributable to the expenses incurred in the design and development of the light, electric passenger aircraft - the Eviation Aircraft.

 

Revenues .

 

No revenues have been recorded in the year 2016.

 

Research and development expenses.

 

Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $1,829 thousand and primarily consisted of salary, materials and subcontractor's payments related to the development of the Eviation Aircraft which started in 2016.

 

Marketing, general and administrative expenses.

 

Marketing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $80 thousand and included primarily professional fees paid to third parties consultants and expenses incurred in connection with travel and lodging undertaken to advance the business of the Company and meet prospective investors, strategic suppliers and customers.

 

General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $261 thousand. The expenses in 2016 are primarily attributable to legal, audit and insurance related expenses.

 

Financing Expenses, Net .

 

Financing expenses, net, in 2016 was an immaterial amount and consist mainly of interest expense on shareholders loan offset by exchange rate differences.

 

Taxes on income

 

Income tax benefit in 2016 amounted to $553 thousand and derived from recording a tax asset which offset a tax provision that was recorded in respect of shareholders loan that been provided in favorable terms.

 

Loss from discontinued operation

 

No loss from discontinued operation in 2016 compare to $226 thousand in 2015 attributable to the Company’s legacy operations in waste disposal which been ceased in 2015 with the appointment of the Temporary Liquidator by the Court.

 

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Year Ended December 31, 2015 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2014

 

Our loss from discontinued operation for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $226 thousand and $1,596 thousand, respectively. The decrease in the loss from discontinued operation for the year ended December 31, 2015 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2014 is primarily attributable to the cessation of substantially all operational activities by the Company in March 2015 and the appointment in April 2015 of the Temporary Liquidator by the Court.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB).

 

The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to income taxes, contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

 

For a further description of our material accounting policies, please read Note 3 to Eviation Aircraft consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, starting on page F-1 of this annual report.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

 

A number of new standards, amendments to standards and interpretations were not yet in effect for the year ended December 31, 2016, and have not been applied in preparing our consolidated financial statements as of that date. Those standards are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statement.

 

Impact of Israeli Tax Policies and Government Programs on our Operating Results

 

Tax regulations have a material impact on our business, particularly in Israel where we have our headquarters. The summary in Item 10. E describes the current tax structure applicable to companies in Israel, with special reference to its effect on us.

 

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B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

 

Cash flows used in operating activities during 2016 amounted to US$ 1,725 thousand. Cash flows during 2016 were mainly used to finance the Company's expenses related to its new business focus operation - the design and development of the Eviation Aircraft.

 

Cash flows used in investment activities during 2016 amounted to US$ 395 thousand, mainly relating to purchase of fixed assets.

 

Cash flows provided by financing activities during 2016 amounted to US$ 2,965 thousand relating to loans obtained from shareholders.

 

The Company believes that its available cash resources, including the shareholder credit facilities and the newly awarded grant from the OCS toward the design and development of the aircraft, are sufficient to meet its operating requirements in the new business focus in the foreseeable future.

 

C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.

 

Our research and development expenses consist primarily of costs related to the design and development our model light passenger aircraft. We charge all research and development expenses to operations as they are incurred. We expect our research and development expense to remain our primary expense in the near future as we continue to develop our prototype.

 

The Company’s legacy operations in waste disposal management in existence as of December 31, 2015 have been discontinued and has been so recorded in our financials. Accordingly, there are no comparative year-to-year analysis of design and development related expenses as we commenced our new business focus in 2016.

 

 

    2016     2015     2014  
    (in US$ thousand)              
Payroll and related expenses     505       -       -  
Materials and subcontractors     1,224       -       -  
Rent and office maintenance     46       -       -  
Depreciation     31       -          
Other
    23       -       -  
Total
    1,829       -       -  

 

Due to the inherently unpredictable nature of the design and development of light propulsion passenger aircraft with the desired feature, we are unable to estimate with any certainty the costs we will incur in the continued development of the aircraft model.

 

While we are currently focused on advancing the design and development of the aircraft model, our future research and development expenses will depend on the success of the design and development process, as well as available resources and the ongoing assessments of commercial potential. In addition, we cannot forecast with any degree of certainty the success of any future commercialization arrangements, when such commercialization arrangements will be secured, if at all, and to what degree such arrangements would affect our development plans and capital requirements. See “Item 3. Key Information – D. Risk Factors.

 

As we advance the design and development of the aircraft model and assess the commercial potential of continued development plans, we may modify our plans.

 

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We expect our research and development expenses to increase from current levels as we continue the design and development of the aircraft. The lengthy process of completing a model aircraft and also addressing regulatory requirements requires substantial expenditures. Any failure or delay in completing development of a model aircraft, or in obtaining regulatory approvals, could cause a delay in generating product revenue and cause our research and development expenses to increase and, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our operations. Due to the factors set forth above, we are not able to estimate with any certainty if and when we would recognize any net revenues from our operations.

 

D. TREND INFORMATION

 

We have recently begun to engage in the general aviation industry and are focus primarily on the design and development of a light electric powered passenger aircraft. It is not possible for us to predict with any degree of accuracy the outcome of our research and development or our commercialization success. Our research and development expenditure is our primary expenditure. Increases or decreases in research and development expenditure are primarily attributable to the level and results of our design and development plans and activities relating to the aircraft, our assessment of commercial potential and the amount of expenditure on these activities. As we are still in the development stage and no revenue incurred in 2016 or expected to be generated in the foreseeable future we cannot analyses the trend if at all in the electric aviation industry.

 

E. OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

 

We are not party to any material off-balance sheet arrangements.

 

F. TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

 

The following table summarizes our significant contractual obligations on December 31, 2016:

 

    Total   Less than I year   1-3 years   3-5 years   More than 5 years
    US$ in thousand
Office Lease obligations   33
  -   33        
Employees and institutions in respect of payroll   75   75            
Related party   321
  321            
Accrued interest   35
  35            
Shareholders loan   2,965               2,965
Total   3,429   431   33   -   2,965

 

The foregoing table does not include our development/manufacturing agreements pursuant to which we are obligated to make various payments upon the achievement of agreed upon milestones. We are unable to currently estimate the actual amount or timing of these payments.

 

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ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

 

A. Directors and Senior Management

 

Until April 2, 2015, the Company’s board of directors was comprised of Yair Fudim, chairman, Mordechai (Moti) Menashe, Jonathan Regev, Alicia Rotbard and Gedaliah Shelef. In addition, Ofer Nave served as the Company’s chief financial officer. On April 2, 2015, upon the appointment of a Temporary Liquidator by the Court and in accordance with the Companies Ordinance, 5743-1983, the authority of the directors ceased and Ofer Nave ceased to serve as the Company’s chief financial officer. As such, as of May 14, 2015, Mordechai Shalev, Adv., the Temporary Liquidator , served as the Company’s sole officer and the Company had no appointed directors through February 2, 2016, when the sale of the Company to Aviv and Magic Stones, our shareholders, approved by the Court.

 

The following table sets forth the name, age and position of each of our executive officers and directors, as of the date of this report. Unless otherwise stated, the address for any of the individuals listed below is c/o Eviation Aircraft Ltd., 1 Ha’Ofe St., Kadima-Tzoran, Israel, 6092000.

 

Name   Age   Position
Aviv Tzidon   60   Chairman of the Board of Directors
Omer Bar-Yohay   38   Chief Executive Officer
Liza Ohayon   42   Chief Financial Officer
Dan Halutz (1)   69   Independent Director
Ilanit Zalmanovich   47   Director
Avi Toledano   56   Director
Abraham Nahmias   61   Director
Orit Stav (2)   45   External Director
Aviad Pundak Mintz (1)   52   External Director

 

(1) Member of our Audit and our Compensation Committees.
(2) Chairman of our Audit and our Compensation Committees.

 

Executive Officers

 

Omer Bar-Yohay was appointed as the Company's Chief Executive Officer on April 3, 2016. Mr. Bar-Yohay served in the Israel Defense Forces from 1997 to 2008, and departed from service with the rank of Major. From 2008 to 2015 Mr. Bar-Yohay served in the office of the Prime Minister of Israel in various managerial positions. Mr. Bar-Yohay holds a BA in History from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

 

Liza Ohayon was appointed as the Company's Chief Financial Officer on April 3, 2016. Ms. Ohayon joined Phinergy Ltd. in July 2015 and serves as its VP Finance and serves as our chief financial officer pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement with Phinergy Ltd. Prior to joining Phinergy, between March 2010 and March 2015, Ms. Ohayon served in several positions in Telit Communications PLC, a global leader in Internet of Things (IoT) enablement, including Tax Director and Corporate Controller. Between April 2001 and September 2009 Ms. Ohayon worked in PriceWaterHouseCoopers Israel and New York and has vast experience in managing and leading assurance engagements with private and public companies from the technology and retail industries. She is also very experienced in supporting startups from inception to maturity. Ms. Ohayon holds a BA in Business Administration and Accounting awarded by the College of Management Academic Studies in Rishon LeZion, Israel and she is a Certified Public Accountant in Israel.

 

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Directors

 

Aviv Tzidon was appointed as a director on February 2, 2016 and as the Company’s Chairman of the board of directors on April 3, 2016. Mr. Tzidon is the Founder and CEO of Phinergy Ltd., an Israeli private company which operates in the green energy industry and develops metal-air energy systems. Aviv is an accomplished entrepreneur who founded over ten high-tech companies, three of which were quoted on NASDAQ and another on the Frankfurt stock exchange. Aviv is a creative thinker who likes to think "out of the box".  He holds over fifteen granted patents, many of which have led to breakthrough innovations across various industry segments (positioning systems, network protocol, navigation accuracy, virtual studio). These innovations have been implemented into a wide range of products and applications, from air combat training for the military to 3D graphics for TV broadcasting. 

 

Dan Halutz was appointed as a director in July 17, 2016. Mr. Halutz served as the Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces and commander of the Israeli Air Force from April 2000 to February 2007. From 2008 to 2010, Mr. Halutz was the chairman of the board of Starling Advanced Communications Ltd., a private Israeli company specializing in satellite communications and served as the chief executive officer of Kamor Motors Ltd., an Israeli company traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, specializing in importing BMW products to Israel and Bulgaria. From 2013 to 2016, Mr. Halutz served as the Chairman of Jobookit Holdings Ltd., an Israeli company traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange that specializes in on-line recruitment software. Mr. Haloutz is partnering a few private consulting companies and serves as a board member in two additional companies: Berman Bakery Ltd which is a private company and Intergama Holdings Ltd. a public company traded on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange. Mr. Halutz has a BA in economics and completed an Advanced Management Program course in Harvard University.

 

Ilanit Zalmanovich was appointed as a director in February 2, 2016. Since March 2016, Ms. Zalmanovich has been serving as General Legal Counsel of Waxman Govrin Geva Engineering Com, an Israel based company engaged in project management of civil engineering. Between 2014 and 2015, Ms. Zalmanovich was in private legal practice. Between May 2008 and December 2012, she was General Counsel to Redstone Real Estate Group out of Israel, a real estate investment fund. Prior thereto, from May 1995 to May 2005, she served as Legal Counsel to Shikun Ubinuei & Solel Boneh Group in Israel. Ms. Zalmanovich holds a LLB degree in Law from Tel Aviv University (1995) and M.B.A. from Ben Gurion University in Israel (2000).

 

Avi Toledano was appointed as a director on February 2, 2016. Mr. Toledano is currently focusing on investment related activities in real estate. Between November 2006 and March 2013 Mr. Toledano served as a director in Teva Naot. Prior to that, from January 1986 to December 2005, Mr. Toledano was a partner at Ernst and Young Israel – Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer, where he focused on mergers and acquisitions. Mr. Toledano holds a BA degree in Economics and Accounting from the College of Management Academic Studies and has been a Certified Public Accountant in Israel since 1988.

 

Abraham Nahmias was appointed as a director on February 2, 2016.   Mr. Abraham Nahmias is a senior partner in Nahmias Grinberg Shachar C.P.A. (Isr.) since January 1985. Mr. Nahmias possesses more than 20 years of experience as a director in several public companies in a broad range of fields. He currently serves as a director in Nano Dimension Ltd (since 2014), in Orad Ltd (since 2011), in Allium Medical Solutions Ltd (since 2014), and in Cellect Biomed Ltd (since 2014). Mr. Nahmias holds a BA degree in Economics and Accounting from Tel Aviv University and has been a Certified Public Accountant in Israel since January 1981.

 

Orit Stav was appointed as a director on February 2, 2016. Ms. Stav is an experienced investment manager with more than 15 years of experience in the Venture Capital & Private Equity industries, as well as in the technology sector.   Ms. Stav currently serves as a professional board member in an additional six public companies (I.B.I Investment House Ltd., Elbit Vision Systems Ltd., Aran Research & Development Ltd., Israel Canada Ltd., O.R.T Technologies Ltd. and Prior-Tech Ltd.). From January 2006 to March 2010, Ms. Stav represented Siemens Venture Capital (SVC) in Israel and was responsible for all Siemens investments in Israel. Prior to joining SVC, from January 1998 to May 2005 Ms. Stav was a partner at Platinum Neurone Ventures, an Israeli venture capital fund where she led investments from seed stage to successful exits and was responsible for two M&A transactions. She has gained experience working with entrepreneurs, represented the fund as a board member in portfolio companies and worked with leading international VCs. Ms. Stav holds a Master of Business Administration from Hertfordshire University, UK, and a Bachelor degree in Arts (Economics and Management) from Tel Aviv University.

 

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Aviad Pundak-Mintz was appointed as a director on February 2, 2016. Mr. Pundak-Mintz serves as the Venture Partner and General Partner of Gemini Israel Funds. Mr. Pundak-Mintz joined Gemini Israel Funds in 1999 and specializes in the area of enterprise software and systems investments. He is employed at Pointer Telocation Ltd. He draws on his start-up, venture capital and scientific background to make seed investments at Gemini Fund. Mr. Pundak-Mintz was Venture Partner of Gemini Fund IV, Gemini Fund III and Gemini Fund V. Previously, Mr. Pundak-Mintz worked at Neurone Venture. He served as the Acting Chief Executive Officer of Sphera Corporation since 2003, where he streamlined the operations of Sphera, lead it to its highest revenues in a quarter and recruited a top class Chief Executive Officer as his replacement. Prior to becoming a venture capitalist, Mr. Pundak-Mintz held a number of positions in business development and marketing at Nexus Telecommunications. Mr. Pundak-Mintz’ team developed the first SDH system. He has been a Director of BlazeMeter LLC since July 2012. He has been a Director of CloudShare Ltd. and dbMotion Ltd. since June 28, 2005. He has been a Director of Metrolight Ltd. since August 16, 2007. He serves as a Director of SaaSPulse and IT Structures. Mr. Pundak-Mintz serves as a Member of the Advisory Board at Zlago, LLC. He serves as a Director of ebuzzing SARL and Teads (alternative name Wikio Group). Mr. Pundak-Mintz serves as Board Observer of OpTier, Inc. He served as a Director of Totango Ltd., TaKaDu Ltd., Traiana, Inc., ItemField, Inc., Neocleus, Inc., and Octavian, Inc. He served as a Director of Diligent Technologies Corporation since October 4, 2004. He served as a Director of Sphera Corporation since June 28, 2005. Mr. Pundak-Mintz served in the Israeli Navy as a project engineer for naval underwater systems. Mr. Pundak-Mintz is a frequent speaker in Israel and Europe on venture capital and high technology topics. He holds an M.B.A. degree from INSEAD and MSc in Vision-Computer Science at the Weizmann Institute. Mr. Pundak-Mintz holds a B.Sc. degree, with honors, in electrical engineering and a B.A. degree in mathematics, with distinction, from Ohio State University.

 

Arrangements for Election of Directors and Members of Management; Family Relationships

 

There are no arrangements or understandings with major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others related to the election of our board of directors or the appointment of members of our senior management. There are furthermore no family relationships among any directors or members of our senior management.

 

B. COMPENSATION

 

Compensation of Officers and Directors

 

The aggregate compensation, including non-cash share-based compensation (consisting of expenses related to option grants), for the year ended December 31, 2016 paid to all nine persons who served as directors and/or executive officers during that year, was approximately $ 252 thousand. The amount includes approximately $230 thousand of gross compensation with respect to our chief executive officer, excluding business travel, professional and business association dues and expenses reimbursements, and other expenses commonly reimbursed by companies in Israel.

 

In addition, during 2016 we granted to our officers and directors an aggregate amount of 262,500 options at an exercise price of US$ 1.00.  All of such options will expire within ten (10) years from the date of grant.

 

Our compensation for our chief executive officer is paid pursuant to an employment agreement and is based, in part, on his contribution to our management, operations and our success. In 2016, we paid our Chief Executive Officer (Mr. Omer Bar Yohay) approximately $230 thousand. Our Chief Financial Officer (Ms. Liza Ohayon) is employed by Phinergy Ltd. and serves as our chief financial officer pursuant to an Administrative Services Agreement with Phinergy Ltd. We do not directly compensate our chief financial officer for services rendered; our Subsidiary pays to Phinergy a monthly fee, calculated on the basis of the actual cost to Phinergy, of providing the contracted for services, including those of our chief financial officer, derived as a percentage of the global costs paid for Phinergy for receiving such services for itself and our Subsidiary together.

 

Employment and Consulting Agreements with Executive Officers

 

We have entered into written employment agreement with our chief executive officer. This agreement contains provisions regarding non-competition, confidentiality of information and assignment of inventions. The non-competition provision applies for a period that is generally 12 months following termination of employment. The enforceability of covenants not to compete in Israel and in the United States is subject to limitations. The employment agreement of the executive officer is terminable at will, upon 90 days written notice, by either side to the agreement.

 

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Companies Law requirements

 

Pursuant to the Companies Law, the compensation (including insurance, indemnification and exculpation) of our directors requires the approval of our compensation committee, the subsequent approval of the board of directors and, unless exempted under regulations promulgated under the Companies Law, the approval of the shareholders at a general meeting. If the compensation of our directors is inconsistent with our stated compensation policy, then the approval of the company’s shareholders requires that either:

 

a majority of the shares held by shareholders who are not controlling shareholders and do not have a personal interest in such matter and who are present and voting at the meeting, are voted in favor of approving the compensation package, excluding abstentions; or
     
the total number of shares voted by non-controlling shareholders and shareholders who do not have a personal interest in such matter that are voted against the compensation package does not exceed 2% of the aggregate voting rights in the company.

 

The compensation (including insurance, indemnification and exculpation) of a public company’s office holders (other than directors as described above, and the chief executive officer as described below) is, subject to certain exceptions, to be approved first by the compensation committee; second by the company’s board of directors; and third, if such compensation arrangement is inconsistent with the company’s stated compensation policy, the company’s shareholders provided that either:

 

a majority of the shares held by shareholders who are not controlling shareholders and do not have a personal interest in such matter and who are present and voting at the meeting are voted in favor of approving the compensation package, excluding abstentions; or
     
the total number of shares of non-controlling shareholders and shareholders who do not have a personal interest in such matter voting against the compensation package does not exceed 2% of the aggregate voting rights in the company.

 

Under the Companies Law, if the shareholders of the company do not approve the compensation arrangement with an office holder who is not a director, including the chief executive officer, the compensation committee and board of directors may override the shareholders’ decision, subject to certain conditions. Under certain circumstances, the compensation committee and board of directors may waive the shareholder approval requirement in respect of the compensation arrangements with a candidate for chief executive officer if they determine that the compensation arrangements are consistent with the company’s stated compensation policy.

 

In the event that an existing compensation arrangement with an office holder who is not a director, including the chief executive officer, is amended, only the approval of the compensation committee is required, so long as the compensation committee determines that the amendment is not material in relation to the existing compensation arrangement. With regards to an office holder who is neither a director nor the chief executive officer, an existing compensation arrangement may be amended with the approval of the chief executive officer, so long as the amendment is not material and is consistent with the company’s stated compensation policy and that such approval method is provided for in the company’s stated compensation policy.

 

Director Compensation

 

Our directors are entitled to cash compensation and equity compensation as follows:

 

Cash Compensation to Directors

 

The independent director and the external directors are entitled to compensation as provided in regulations adopted under the Companies Law. Other directors are not entitled to any cash compensation.

 

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Cash Compensation to Chairman of the Board

 

The chairman of the board is not entitled to any cash compensation.

 


Option Plan

 

On July 17, 2016, the board of directors approved the adoption of the "2016 Equity Incentive Plan" ("ESOP") and approved to reserve 1,000,000 ordinary shares (no par value) for issuance to employees, officers, directors, consultants and certain other service providers of the Company and the Company's affiliates. The ESOP is intended to benefit us by enhancing our ability to attract and retain qualified individuals and increasing their ownership interests in us. The following is a summary of the material terms of the ESOP.

 

In general, when a grantee’s employment or service with us terminates, his or her equity awards will no longer continue to vest following termination, and the holder may exercise any vested equity awards for a period of 90 days following termination without cause. If a grantee’s employment with us terminates due to disability or if the termination of employment results from his or her death, then the grantee or his or her estate (as applicable) generally has 12 months to exercise the equity award; however, the equity award may not be exercised after its scheduled expiration date. If termination of employment results from the dismissal of the grantee for cause, his or her outstanding equity awards will expire upon termination.

 

Under certain circumstances, ordinary shares underlying equity awards previously granted under the ESOP may again become available for grant. Such circumstances include if an equity award should expire or become unexercisable without having been exercised in full.

 

The exercise prices, if applicable, is determined by the compensation committee and specified in each award agreement. In general, the exercise price for options is the fair market value of our shares on the date of grant as determined in good faith by our board of directors.

 

We have elected to issue our options, restricted share units and shares granted or issued to most of our Israeli participants in the ESOP under Section 102(b)(3) of the Israeli Income Tax Ordinance, which is the capital gains track. Options, restricted share units and shares granted or issued in accordance with the capital gains track under the ESOP are granted or issued to a trustee and are held by the trustee for two years from the date of grant or issuance. Under the capital gains track, we are not allowed an Israeli tax deduction for the grant or issuance of the options, restricted share units or shares.

 

Our Board administers the ESOP. The Board determines the eligible individuals who receive equity awards under the ESOP, the number of ordinary shares covered by those equity awards, the terms under which such equity awards may be exercised and the other terms and conditions of the equity awards, all in accordance with the provisions of the ESOP.

 

Participants in the ESOP may not transfer their equity awards, except in the event of death.

 

In the case of certain changes in our share capital structure, such as a consolidation or share split or share dividend, appropriate adjustments will be made to the numbers of shares subject to equity awards and exercise prices, if applicable.

 

Our compensation committee and/or board of directors may at any time amend or terminate the ESOP; however, any amendment or termination may not adversely affect any options or shares granted under the ESOP prior to such action. The ESOP provides that if the board of directors desires, it can, with the consent of the award holder, cancel an outstanding award or amend an outstanding award, including, if applicable, the exercise price. For amendments affecting our directors and officers, compensation committee and/or shareholder approval may also be necessary. See “Item 6.C. — Board Practices — Fiduciary duties and approval of specified related party transactions under Israeli law.”

 

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Equity Compensation

 

In October 15, 2016, the Company granted options to purchase 37,500 ordinary shares of the Company to each of the Company's directors at an exercise price of $1.00 per share. The options are scheduled to vest in four annual installments from July 17, 2017, the vesting commencement date, as follows: 10,000 options on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the vesting commencement date and 7,500 on the fourth anniversary of the vesting commencement date, subject to option holder’s continuing to be a director of the Company or any affiliate thereof through such dates. Notwithstanding the above, the vesting of the options may accelerate so that all shares subject to the option will be fully vested and exercisable immediately prior to the occurrence of any of the following corporate transaction: (i) a merger, acquisition, reorganization or consolidation in which the Company is not the surviving entity; (ii) the sale, transfer, exchange or other disposition of all or substantially all of the shares or assets of the Company.

 

C. BOARD PRACTICES

Appointment and Terms of Office

 

Under the Companies Law and our articles of association, the supervision of the management of our business is vested in our board of directors. There must be at least 2 and not more than 11 directors on the board of the Company including at least two external directors and one independent director. Any single shareholder of the Company holding at least twenty five percent (25%) of the issued shares of the Company may appoint, dismiss and replace two directors. The Board may appoint one independent director, and other directors, so long as the aggregate number of directors serving is less than the maximum amount. The provisions regarding the appointment of external directors are governed by the Companies Law. Directors serve until the next Annual General Meeting, unless their offices are vacated earlier under any relevant provision of our Articles of Association.

 

Alternate Directors

 

Our Articles of Association provide that a director may appoint, by written notice to us, any individual to serve as an alternate director. Currently, no alternate directors have been appointed. Under the Israeli Companies Law, (i) a director of a company whose articles of association permit the appointment of an alternate director to the board, may appoint another director as an alternate director to a committee of the board, provided that the alternate director is not already a member of such committee and further provided that if the appointing director is an external director, the alternate director shall possess the financial and accounting expertise or the professional qualification (as described under “External Directors” below) possessed by the appointing director, and (ii) an external director may not appoint an alternate director except as set forth in clause (i).

 

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External Directors

 

Under the Companies Law, companies incorporated under the laws of Israel whose shares have been offered to the public in or outside of Israel are required to appoint at least two external directors. This law provides that a person may not be appointed as an external director if the person or the person’s relative, partner, employer or any entity under the person’s control, has, as of the date of the person’s appointment to serve as external director, or had, during the two years preceding that date, any affiliation with the company or any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the company. The term “affiliation” includes:

 

  an employment relationship with the company;
     
  a business or professional relationship with the company maintained on a regular basis;
     
  control of the company; and
     
  service as an office holder, except where the director was appointed as such for the purpose of serving as an external director of a company that was contemplating becoming a publicly held company.

 

No person may serve as an external director if the person’s position or other business activities create, or may create, a conflict of interest with the person’s responsibilities as an external director or may otherwise interfere with the person’s ability to serve as an external director.

 

External directors are to be elected by a majority vote at a shareholders’ meeting, provided that either:

 

  1. at least one-third of the shares of non-controlling shareholders voted at the meeting (disregarding votes abstained), vote in favor of election of the director; or
     
  2.  the total number of shares of non-controlling shareholders voted against the election of the director does not exceed one percent of the aggregate voting rights in the company.

 

The initial term of an external director will be three years and may be extended for an additional three years. Each committee of a company’s board of directors will be required to include at least one external director and the audit committee of a company’s board of directors is required to include all of the external directors.

 

An external director is entitled to compensation as provided in regulations adopted under the Companies Law and is otherwise prohibited from receiving any other compensation, directly or indirectly, in connection with service provided as an external director. 

 

Under regulations recently promulgated under the Companies Law, at least one of the external directors serving on a company’s board of directors is required to have “financial and accounting expertise” and the other external director or directors are required to have “professional qualification”. 

 

The recently promulgated regulations set out the conditions and criteria for a director qualifying as having a "financial and accounting expertise" or a "professional qualification". A director with financial and accounting expertise is a director who, due to his education, experience and skills, possesses capabilities relating to and an understanding of business and accounting matters and financial statements, which enable him to understand in depth the company’s financial statements and to initiate a debate regarding the manner in which the company’s financial information is presented. A director who meets certain professional qualifications is a director who satisfies one of the following requirements: (i) the director holds an academic degree in either economics, business administration, accounting, law or public administration, (ii) the director either holds another academic degree or has obtained other high education in the company’s primary field of business or in an area that is relevant to his position, (iii) the director has at least five (5) years of experience serving in one of the following capacities or an aggregate of at least five (5) years of experience in two or more of the following capacities: (a) a senior business management position of a company with a substantial scope of business, (b) a senior position in the primary field of business of the company or (c) a senior public administration position. A proposed external director must submit to the company a declaration as to his or her compliance with the requirements for his or her election as an external director (including with respect to such person’s financial and accounting expertise or professional qualification). 

 

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The board of directors should determine the minimum number of directors having financial and accounting expertise in addition to the external directors. In determining such number the board of directors shall consider, among other things, the type and size of the company and the scope and complexity of its operations. 

 

Audit Committee  

 

Under the Companies Law, the board of directors of any publicly traded company must appoint an audit committee, comprised of at least three directors including all of the external directors but excluding: (a) the chairman of the board of directors; (b) any controlling shareholder or relative of a controlling shareholder; or (c) any director employed by the company or who provides services to the company on a regular basis. Under the Nasdaq rules, we are required to have at least three independent directors on the audit committee. In addition, Nasdaq requires that each member of the audit committee (i) be independent (as defined above under “Independent Directors”); (ii) meet the criteria for independence set forth in certain rules under the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (subject to certain exemptions); (iii) not have participated in the preparation of the financial statements of the company or any current subsidiary of the company at any time during the past three years; and (iv) be able to read and understand fundamental financial statements, including a company's balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. Additionally, each company must certify that it has, and will continue to have, at least one member of the audit committee who has past employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting, or any other comparable experience or background which results in the individual's financial sophistication, including being or having been a chief executive officer, chief financial officer or other senior officer with financial oversight responsibilities. 

 

The roles of our audit committee under the Companies Law include identifying irregularities in the management of the Company’s business and approving related party transactions as required by law. The responsibilities of the audit committee under the Nasdaq rules include, among other things, evaluating the independence of a company’s auditors. 

 

In addition to such functions as the audit committee may have under the Companies Law or under the Nasdaq rules, the primary purpose of our audit committee is to assist the board of directors in fulfilling its responsibility to oversee management’s conduct of the financial reporting process, the systems of internal accounting and financial controls and the annual independent audit of the Company’s financial statements. The audit committee reviews with management and our auditors the audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 20-F. 

 

The audit committee must observe the independence of our auditors and has the authority and responsibility to nominate for shareholder approval, evaluate and, where appropriate, replace our independent auditors. 

 

In discharging its oversight role, our audit committee is empowered to investigate any matter brought to its attention with full access to all books, records, facilities and personnel of the company and the power to retain independent counsel, auditors or other experts for this purpose.

 

Upon the appointment of the Temporary Liquidator by the Court and in accordance with the Companies Ordinance, 5743-1983, the authorities of the directors ceased and the Company has no audit committee as of December 31, 2015. 

 

On April 3, 2016 the board of directors established an audit committee comprising Ms. Orit Stav as the chairperson of the committee and Ms. Ilanit Zalmanovich and Mr. Aviad Pundak-Mintz. 

 

On July 17, 2016, the board of directors appointed Mr. Dan Halutz to serve on the audit committee; Ilanit Zalmanovich resigned from the audit committee. 

 

Compensation Committee  

 

On April 3, 2016, the board of directors established a compensation committee comprising Ms. Orit Stav as the chairperson of the committee and, Ms. Ilanit Zalmanovich and Mr. Aviad Pundak-Mintz as members of the committee. On July 17, 2016, the board of directors appointed Mr. Dan Halutz as a member to the compensation committee and Ilanit Zalmanovich resigned from the committee.

 

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As per the Companies Law, the roles of a compensation committee are, among others, as follows:

 

  (1)  to recommend to the board of directors with regards to the compensation policy for directors and officers, and recommend to the board of directors once every three years regarding extension of the compensation policy that had been approved for a period of more than three years;

 

  (2) to recommend to the board of directors regarding the update of the compensation policy, from time to time, and examine its implementation;
     
  (3)  to decide whether to approve the terms of office and employment of directors and officers that require approval of the compensation committee; and
     
  (4) to decide, in certain circumstances, whether to exempt the approval of employment terms of a Chief Executive Officer from the requirements of shareholders’ approval.

 

In addition to the roles mentioned above our compensation committee will also make recommendations to our board of directors regarding the awarding of employee options.

 

In accordance with the provisions of the Companies Law, a compensation policy must be adopted by the Company. A compensation policy must be approved by the board of directors after receiving and considering the recommendations of the compensation committee. In addition, the compensation policy requires the approval of the general meeting of the shareholders. In Public Companies, shareholder approval requires one of the following: (i) the majority of shareholder votes counted at the general meeting including the majority of all of the votes of those shareholders who are non-controlling shareholders or do not have a personal interest in the approval of the compensation policy, who participate at the meeting (excluding abstentions) or (ii) the total number of votes against the proposal among the shareholders mentioned in paragraph (i) does exceed two percent (2%) of the total voting rights in the company. Under special circumstances, the board of directors may approve the compensation policy despite the objection of the shareholders on the condition that the compensation committee and then the board of directors decide, on the basis of detailed arguments and after discussing again the compensation policy, that approval of the compensation policy, despite the objection at the meeting of shareholders, is for the benefit of the company.

 

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Internal Auditor

 

Under the Companies Law, the board of directors of a public company must appoint an internal auditor, nominated by its audit committee. The role of the internal auditor is to examine, among other matters, whether the Company’s actions comply with the law and orderly business procedure. Under the Companies Law, the internal auditor may be an employee of the Company but not an office holder, an affiliate, or a relative of an office holder or affiliate, and he may not be the Company’s independent accountant or its representative. On July 17, 2016 the audit committee appointed Ezra-Yehuda-Rosenblum Consulting, Control & Risk Management Firm to serve as an internal auditor of the Company in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Law.

 

D. EMPLOYEES

 

As of December 31, 2016, the Company had six employees, all of which were employed by our Subsidiary.

 

While none of our employees is party to any collective bargaining agreements, certain provisions of the collective bargaining agreements between the Histadrut (General Federation of Labor in Israel) and the Coordination Bureau of Economic Organizations (including the Industrialists’ Associations) are applicable to our employees in Israel by order of the Israeli Ministry of the Economy and Industry. These provisions primarily concern pension fund benefits for all employees, insurance for work-related accidents, recuperation pay and travel expenses.

 

None of our employees are represented by a labor union or covered under a collective bargaining agreement. We have never experienced any employment-related work stoppages and believe our relationships with our employees are good.

 

E. SHARE OWNERSHIP

 

The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of the date of this report, following the issuance, to:

 

  each of our directors, executive officers and senior management and employees individually; and

 

  all of our executive officers, directors, and senior management and employees as a group.

  

The beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares in this table is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC. Under these rules, a person is deemed to be a beneficial owner of a security if that person has or shares voting power, which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting of the security, or investment power, which includes the power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of the security. For purposes of the table below, we deem ordinary shares issuable pursuant to options or warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the date of this report, if any, to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the person holding the options or warrants for the purposes of computing the percentage ownership of that person, but we do not treat them as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. The percentage of ordinary shares beneficially owned is based on 10,000,000 issued ordinary shares as of the date of this report.

 

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Unless otherwise noted below, each shareholder’s address is c/o Eviation Aircraft Ltd., 1 Ha’Ofe St., Kadima-Tzoran, Israel, 6092000.

 

Name   Number of Ordinary
Shares Beneficially owned
    Percentage of Outstanding Ordinary
Shares
 
Aviv Tzidon, Chairman of the Board     4,120,875 (1)     41.21 %
Omer Bar-Yohay, Chief Executive Officer     999,000 (2)     9.99 %
Liza Ohayon, Chief Financial Officer     -       -  
Dan Halutz, Independent Director     - (1)     -  
Ilanit Zalmanovich, Director     - (1)     -  
Avi Toledano, Director     - (1)     -  
Abraham Nahmias, Director     - (1)     -  
Orit Stav, External Director     - (1)     -  
Aviad Pundak Mintz, External Director     - (1)     -  
Directors and Officers as a Group ( 9 persons)     5,119,875       51.2 %

 

1. Does not include options granted on October 15, 2016 to purchase up to 37,500 ordinary shares at a per share exercise price of $1.00 which is to vest as follows: options for 10,000 shares is to vest on each of July 17, 2017, 2018 and 2019 and options for 7,500 shares are to vest on July 17, 2020.
   
2. On May 22, 2016, Mr. Yohai and each of Aviv and Magic Stones entered into an agreement pursuant to which each of Aviv and Magic Stones transferred to Mr. Yohai 499,500 shares, or a total of 999,000 shares.

  

ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND INTERESTED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of the date of this report, by each person or entity known to own beneficially more than 5% of our outstanding ordinary shares based on information provided to us by the holders or disclosed in public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

  

A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS

 

The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of the date of this report, by each person or entity known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of our outstanding ordinary shares.

 

The beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares in this table is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC. Under these rules, a person is deemed to be a beneficial owner of a security if that person has or shares voting power, which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting of the security, or investment power, which includes the power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of the security. For purposes of the table below, we deem ordinary shares issuable pursuant to options or warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the date of this report, if any, to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the person holding the options or warrants for the purposes of computing the percentage ownership of that person, but we do not treat them as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. The percentage of ordinary shares beneficially owned is based on 10,000,000 ordinary shares.  The data presented is based on information provided to us by the holders, or disclosed in public regulatory filings in the U.S. or Israel, in accordance with the applicable law.

  

None of our shareholders has different voting rights from other shareholders. To the best of our knowledge, we are not owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by another corporation or by any foreign government. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our Company.

 

Name   Number of Ordinary Shares Beneficially owned     Percentage of Outstanding Ordinary Shares  
Aviv Tzidon, Chairman of the Board (2)     4,120,875       41.21 %
Magic Stones Gemstone Import and Marketing Ltd.     4,120,875       41.21 %
Omer Bar-Yohay  (CEO) (1)     999,000       9.99 %
Dekel Tzidon(1)     749,250       7.49 %

 

1. On May 22, Mr. Bar Yohai purchased 10% of the shares held by Aviv and Magic Stones (5% from each). In addition, Mr. Dekel Tzidon (a brother of Aviv and a director in the Subsidiary) purchased 7.5% of the shares held by Aviv and Magic Stones (3.75% from each).
   
2

Does not include options granted on October 15, 2016 to purchase up to 37,500 ordinary shares at a per share exercise price of $1.00 which is to vest as follows: options for 10,000 shares is to vest on each of July 17, 2017, 2018 and 2019 and options for 7,500 shares are to vest on July 17, 2020.

   

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B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

Insurance . We have obtained directors and officers’ liability insurance for the benefit of our office holders and intend to continue and obtain such insurance and pay all premiums thereunder to the fullest extent permitted by the Companies Law. Under the Companies Law, an Israeli company may not exempt an office holder from liability for a breach of his duty of loyalty, but may exempt in advance an office holder from his liability to the company, in whole or in part, for a breach of his duty of care.

 

Our Articles of Association provide that, subject to the provisions of the Companies Law, we may enter into a contract for the insurance of the liability of any of our office holders for acts which he or she performed in his or her capacity as an office holder in relation to:

 

  a breach of his/her duty of care to us or to another person;
     
  a breach of his/her duty of loyalty to us, provided that the office holder acted in good faith and had reasonable cause to assume that his/her act would not prejudice our interests; or
     
  a financial liability imposed upon him/her in favor of another person.

 

Indemnification of Office Holders . Our Articles of Association provide that we may indemnify an office holder against:

 

  a financial liability imposed on an office holder in favor of another person by any judgment, including a judgment given as a result of a settlement or an arbitrator’s award which has been confirmed by a court in respect of an act performed by the office holder;
     
  reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys` fees, expended by the office holder as a result of an investigation or proceeding instituted against him or her by an authority authorized to conduct such investigation or proceeding, provided that (i) no indictment (as defined in the Companies Law) was filed against such office holder as a result of such investigation or proceeding; and (ii) no financial liability as a substitute for the criminal proceeding (as defined in the Companies Law) was imposed upon him or her as a result of such investigation or proceeding or if such financial liability was imposed, it was imposed with respect to an offence that does not require proof of criminal intent; and
     
  reasonable litigation costs, including attorney’s fees, expended by an office holder or which were imposed on an office holder by a court in proceedings filed against the office holder by the Company or in its name or by any other person or in a criminal charge in respect of which the office holder was acquitted or in a criminal charge in respect of which the office holder was convicted for an offence which did not require proof of criminal intent.

 

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Our Articles of Association also include:

 

  authorization to undertake, in advance, to indemnify an office holder, provided that the undertaking is limited to specified events which the board of directors believes are anticipated and limited in amount determined by the board of directors to be reasonable under the circumstances; and
     
  authorization to indemnify retroactively an office holder.

 

We have agreed to indemnify our office holders under indemnification agreements with each office holder, to the maximum extent permitted under the Companies Law.

 

Under the terms of the indemnification agreement, the total amount of indemnification for each case (including all matters connected therewith), shall not exceed US$ 1,000,000 (in addition to any amounts paid under an insurance coverage).

  

Grant of Options. In October 15, 2016, the Company granted options to purchase 37,500 ordinary shares of the Company to each of Aviv Tzidon, Abraham Nahmias, Avi Toledano, Aviad Pundak Mintz, Orit Stav, Ilanit Zalmanovich and Dan Halutz, at an exercise price for each of such share of $1.00. The options shall vest in four annual installments as follows: 10,000 options on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of July 17, 2016, the vesting commencement date, and 7,500 on the fourth anniversary of the vesting commencement date, so that four (4) years following the vesting commencement date, all options will be fully vested and exercisable, subject to option holder’s continuing to be a director of the Company or any affiliate thereof through such dates. Notwithstanding the above, the vesting of the options may accelerate so that all shares subject to the option will be fully vested and exercisable immediately prior to the occurrence of a corporate transaction (as such term is defined in the Company’s Option Plan).

 

Loan and Security Agreement for the Company. The Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement, dated July 17, 2016 with each of Aviv and Magic Stones, our shareholders, pursuant to which these shareholders loaned a total of $500,000 to the Company for a period of seven years at an annual interest rate equal to the lower of (i) 3.2% per annum, and (ii) the minimum rate required by law to avoid the imputing of tax. As security for such loan, the Company granted to these shareholders a specific lien and security interest on all of the shares of its Subsidiary. The loan may be repaid by the Company at any time in minimum increments of $50,000. The proceeds of the loan are to be used for funding the on-going operations of the Company.

 

Loan and Security Agreement for our Subsidiary. our Subsidiary entered into a Loan and Security Agreement, dated July 17, 2016, with each of Aviv and Magic Stones, our shareholders, pursuant to which these shareholders granted a credit line to our Subsidiary of up to a total of $4,500,000 for a period of seven years at an annual interest rate equal to the lower of (i) 3.2% per annum, and (ii) the minimum rate required by law to avoid the imputing of tax. Draws on such credit line may be made in increments of not less than $50,000, and outstanding amounts on the credit line may be repaid in increments of not less than $50,000. Accrued interest is payable annually. As security for amounts owing under the credit line, our Subsidiary granted to the lending shareholders a floating lien and charge on all of its assets, and a specific charge on all of the intellectual property rights owned by Subsidiary at any time. An event of default on any one of the loan made to the Company and the credit line granted to the Subsidiary triggers an event of default under the other of such loan and credit line. As of December 31,2016, the Subsidiary has drawn down on approximately $2.5 million under the facility.

 

Our Subsidiary and each of Aviv and Magic Stones, our shareholders, each holding 41.21% of our outstanding ordinary shares, entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement, dated July 17, 2016, pursuant to which the Subsidiary acquired from these shareholders their respective rights in all of the License and Service Agreement with McGinnis, the Administrative Services Agreement with Phinergy, and the Laminar MOU, all of which are described in the Material Agreements Section above. The rights transferred under the Assignment and Assumption Agreement were valued at $1.4 million and includes certain expenses and partial payments made in respect of the Material Agreements.

 

Eye Point Patent – In July 2016, our Subsidiary acquired from Eye Point Ltd. A company owned by one of the Company's shareholders, Mr. Dekel Tzidon, all rigths under US patent No.8,314,928 (the "Eye Point Patent") for a total amount of $38 thousand. The Eyepoint Patent will expire on November 12,2026. This patent allowed us to develop conceptual design of an auto-landing system.

 

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C. INTEREST OF EXPERT AND COUNSEL

 

Not applicable

 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

See Item 18

 

Legal Proceedings

 

From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We are currently not involved in any pending or contemplated legal proceedings that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations. We may become involved in material legal proceedings in the future. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors .

 

Dividend Distribution Policy

 

We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all future earnings to finance operations and to expand our business.

 

Under the provisions of our Articles of Association, the declaration of any final cash dividends in respect of any fiscal period requires shareholder approval, which may reduce but not increase such dividend from the amount proposed by our board of directors; provided that any failure by the shareholders to approve a final dividend will not affect any interim dividend which has been paid. Payments of dividends may be subject to withholding and other taxes.

 

B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES

 

None other than disclosed in this report.

   

ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING

 

A. Offer and Listing Details

  

Share Price History

 

According to the website of the OTC Pink, the Company’s ordinary shares have not traded since February 22, 2016. In light of the lack of trading and the effect of the 30,465 for 1 reverse split effected on February 25, 2016, the Company does not believe that the listed share price $30.465 per share and the high and low of $30.005 per share on the OTC Pink website reflect a reasonable trading price of the Company’s ordinary shares. Additionally, given the change in business focus of the Company in 2016 and the discontinuation of the Company’s legacy business in 2016, we do not believe that providing the high and low closing market prices for the ordinary shares during the preceding five years, is useful.

 

As a result of the removal of our ordinary shares from quotation on the Nasdaq Capital Market, our ordinary shares are not regularly covered by securities analysts and the media and the trading of our ordinary shares is very limited. Such limited trading could result in lower prices for our ordinary shares than might otherwise prevail and in larger spreads between the bid and asked prices for our ordinary shares.  Additionally, certain investors will not purchase securities that are quoted on the pink sheets, which could materially impair our ability to raise funds through the issuance of our ordinary shares in the securities markets.

 

B.  Plan of Distribution

 

Not applicable.

 

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C. Markets

 

Our ordinary shares were traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market until February, 2003 under the ticker symbol BVRSF. Our ordinary shares were then delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market after we failed to comply with its required listing standards. Our ordinary shares traded on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board under the symbol “BVRSF.OB” from February, 2003 until March 2010. Following the Elbit Transaction and our name change to R.V.B. Holdings Ltd, we changed our ticker symbol and on March 2, 2010 our ordinary shares began trading on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board under the symbol “RVBHF”. From May 1, 2014-March 1, 2017, our ordinary shares have been quoted on OTC Pink. Since March 2, 2017, our ordinary shares have been quoted on OTC Pink under the symbol “EVTNF”.

 

D.  Selling Shareholders

 

Not applicable.

 

E. Dilution

 

Not applicable.

 

F. Expenses of the Issue

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

A. SHARE CAPITAL

 

Not applicable

 

B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

 

Objects and Purposes

 

We are a public company registered under the Companies Law as Eviation Aircraft Ltd., formerly, R.V.B. Holdings Ltd (formerly B.V.R. Systems (1998) Ltd.), registration number 52-004362-1. Pursuant to Article 4.2 of our Articles of Association, our objective is any purpose stated in the Company’s memorandum of association and to engage in any lawful activity.

 

On September 26, 2016, the Company shareholders approved a new Articles of Association for the Company.

 

Board of Directors

 

Under the Companies Law and our articles of association, our board of directors may exercise all powers and take all actions that are not required under the Companies Law or under our articles of association to be exercised or taken by another corporate body, including the power to borrow money for the purposes of our Company. Our directors are not subject to any age limit requirement, nor are they disqualified from serving on our board of directors because of a failure to own a certain amount of our shares.

 

Dividend and Liquidation Rights

 

The holders of the ordinary shares are entitled to their proportionate share of any cash dividend, share dividend or dividend in kind declared with respect to our ordinary shares on or after the date of this annual report. We may declare dividends out of profits legally available for distribution. Under the Companies Law, a company may distribute a dividend only if the distribution does not create a reasonable risk that the company will be unable to meet its existing and anticipated obligations as they become due. Furthermore, a company may only distribute a dividend out of the company’s profits, as defined under the Companies Law. If the company does not meet the profit requirement, a court may allow it to distribute a dividend, as long as the court is convinced that there is no reasonable risk that such distribution might prevent the company from being able to meet its existing and anticipated obligations as they become due.

 

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Under the Companies Law, the declaration of a dividend does not require the approval of the shareholders of a company unless the company’s articles of association provide otherwise. Our articles of association provide that the board of directors may declare and distribute dividends without the approval of the shareholders. In the event of our liquidation, holders of our ordinary shares have the right to share ratably in any assets remaining after payment of liabilities, in proportion to the paid-up par value of their respective holdings.

 

These rights may be affected by the grant of preferential liquidation or dividend rights to the holders of a class of shares that may be authorized in the future.

 

Voting, Shareholder Meetings and Resolutions

 

Holders of ordinary shares have one vote for each ordinary share held on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders. This right may be changed if shares with special voting rights are authorized in the future.

 

Our articles of association and the laws of the State of Israel do not restrict the ownership or voting of ordinary shares by non-residents of Israel.

 

Under the Companies Law, an annual meeting of our shareholders should be held once every calendar year, but no later than 15 months from the date of the previous annual meeting. The quorum required under our articles of association for a general meeting of shareholders consists of at least two shareholders present in person or by proxy holding in the aggregate at least 25% of the voting power. According to our articles of association a meeting adjourned for lack of a quorum generally is adjourned to the following day, at the same time and place or any time and place as the board of directors designates in a notice to the shareholders. At the adjourned meeting, if a legal quorum is not present after 30 minutes from the time specified for the commencement of the adjourned meeting, then the meeting shall take place regardless of the number of members present and in such event the required quorum shall consist of any number of shareholder's present in person or by proxy.

 

Most shareholders’ resolutions, including resolutions to:

 

amend our articles of association (except as set forth below);

 

make changes in our capital structure such as a reduction of capital, increase of capital or share split, merger or consolidation;

 

authorize a new class of shares;

 

elect directors, other than external directors; or

 

appoint auditors

 

will be deemed adopted if approved by the holders of a majority of the voting power represented at a shareholders’ meeting, in person or by proxy, and voting on that resolution.

  

Notices

 

Under the Companies Law, shareholders’ meetings generally require prior notice of at least 21 days, or 35 days if the meeting is adjourned for the purpose of voting on any of the following matters:

 

  (1) appointment and removal of directors;
     
  (2) approval of certain matters relating to the fiduciary duties of office holders and of certain transactions with interested parties;
     
  (3) approval of certain mergers; and
     
  (4) any other matter in respect of which the articles of association provide that resolutions of the general meeting may be approved by means of a voting document.

 

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Modification of Class Rights

 

The Companies Law provides that, unless otherwise provided by the articles of association, the rights of a particular class of shares may not be adversely modified without the vote of a majority of the affected class at a separate class meeting.

 

Election of Directors

 

The Board may include between two and eleven directors. Any single shareholder holding at least 25% of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company may appoint and dismiss up to two directors to the Board. The Board must include an independent director who is approved by the Audit Committee of the Company and appointed by the other members of the Board. Under the Law, the Board must also include at least two external directors.

 

Directors are elected at the General Meeting of the Company and serve until the following General Meeting unless they are dismissed or resign by the shareholders that appointed them. Changes to the Articles of Association that address the rights to appoint directors require the consent of 65% of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company.

 

Approval of Specified Related Party Transactions

 

Transactions Requiring Special Approval

 

The Companies Law requires that an office holder disclose to the company any personal interest that he or she may have, and all related material information known to him or her, in connection with any existing or proposed transaction by the company. The disclosure is required to be made promptly and in any event, no later than the board of directors meeting in which the transaction is first discussed. If the transaction is an extraordinary transaction, the office holder must also disclose any personal interest held by his or her relative.

 

An “office holder” is defined in the Companies Law as a general manager, chief business manager, deputy general manager, vice general manager, any person assuming the responsibilities of any of the foregoing positions without regard to such person’s title and a director or any manager who is directly subject to the general manager.

 

 The Companies Law imposes a duty of care and a fiduciary duty on all office holders of a company. The duty of care requires an office holder to act with the level of care which a reasonable office holder in the same position would have acted under the same circumstances. The duty of care includes a duty to use reasonable means to obtain:

 

information on the appropriateness of a given act or action to be approved or performed by the officer holder by virtue of his or her position; and

 

all other important information pertaining to such an act or action.

 

The fiduciary duty requires an office holder to act in good faith for the interests of the company and includes a duty to:

 

refrain from any conflict of interest between the performance of the office holder’s duties in the company and his or her personal affairs;

 

refrain from any activity that is competitive with the company;

 

  47  

 

refrain from exploiting any business opportunity of the company to receive a personal gain for himself or herself or for others; and

 

disclose to the company any information or documents relating to a company’s affairs which the office holder has received due to his or her position as an office holder.

 

Each person listed in the table under “Item 6 – Directors, Senior Management and Employees – A. Directors and Senior Management” is an office holder.

 

Under the Companies Law, a “personal interest” is defined as the personal interest of a person in an action or in a transaction of the company, including the personal interest of such person’s relative or the interest of any other corporate body in which the person and/or such person’s relative is a director or general manager, a 5% shareholder or holds 5% or more of the voting rights, or has the right to appoint at least one director or the general manager, but excluding a personal interest stemming solely from the fact of holding shares in the company. A personal interest also includes a personal interest of a person who votes according to a proxy of another person, even if the other person has no personal interest, and a personal interest of a person who gave a proxy to another person to vote on his behalf – all whether the discretion how to vote lies with the person voting or not.

 

Under the Companies Law, an extraordinary transaction is a transaction:

 

not in the ordinary course of business;

 

not on market terms; or

 

likely to have a material impact on the company’s profitability, assets or liabilities.

 

Under the Companies Law, once an office holder complies with the above disclosure requirement, the board of directors may approve the transaction, unless the company’s articles of association provide otherwise. A transaction that is adverse to the company’s interest may not be approved. If the transaction is (i) an extraordinary transaction with an office holder or a third party in which the office holder has a personal interest, or (ii) an engagement by the company with an office holder who is not a director regarding his or her service and terms of employment, including an undertaking to indemnify, exculpate or insure such office holder, then it must be approved by the audit committee, before the board approval. In the event that an amendment is made to an existing engagement with an office holder, such amendment does not require board approval to the extent that it is immaterial to the existing engagement. Transaction between a company and its directors regarding such directors' service and terms of employment, including with respect to exculpation, indemnification or insurance, including compensation for non-directorial duties in the company, require the approval of each of the audit committee, the board of directors and the shareholders, in that order.

 

Extraordinary transactions of a public company with its controlling shareholder or in which a controlling shareholder has a personal interest, including a private placement in which a controlling shareholder has a personal interest, and the terms of engagement of the company, directly or indirectly, with a controlling shareholder or a controlling shareholder’s relative (including through a corporation controlled by a controlling shareholder), regarding the company’s receipt of services from the controlling shareholder, and if such controlling shareholder is also an office holder or an employee of the company, regarding his or her terms of engagement and employment, require the approval of the audit committee, the board of directors and the shareholders of the company. The shareholders’ approval must satisfy either of the following criteria:

 

the majority must include a majority of the total votes of shareholders who are present and voting at the meeting and who have no personal interest in the transaction (the votes of abstaining shareholders shall not be included in the number of the said total votes); or

 

the total of opposition votes, among the shareholders who are present at the meeting and who have no personal interest in the transaction, shall not exceed 2% of the aggregate voting rights in the company.

 

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In addition, any extraordinary transaction with a controlling shareholder or in which a controlling shareholder has a personal interest with a term of more than three years, requires the abovementioned approval every three years; unless, with respect to transactions not involving the receipt of services or compensation, the audit committee has determined that a longer term is reasonable under the circumstances.

 

A person who has a personal interest in a matter which is considered at a meeting of the board of directors or the audit committee may not be present at this meeting or vote on this matter. However, if the chairman of the board of directors or the chairman of the audit committee has determined that the presence of an office holder with a personal interest is required, such office holder may be present at the meeting. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a director who has a personal interest may be present at the meeting and vote on the matter if a majority of the directors or members of the audit committee have a personal interest in the approval of such transaction. If a majority of the directors have a personal interest in a transaction, such transaction requires approval of the shareholders of the company.

 

Under the Companies Law, the disclosure requirements which apply to an office holder also apply to a controlling shareholder of a public company. A shareholder is presumed to have “control” of the company and thus to be a controlling shareholder of the company if the shareholder holds 50% or more of the “means of control” of the company. “Means of control” is defined as (1) the right to vote at a general meeting of a company or a corresponding body of another corporation; or (2) the right to appoint directors of the corporation or its general manager. For the purpose of approving transactions with controlling shareholders, the term also includes any shareholder that holds 25% or more of the voting rights in a public company if no other shareholder owns more than 50% of the voting rights in the company. For purposes of determining the holding percentage stated above, two or more shareholders who have a personal interest in a transaction that is brought for the company’s approval are deemed as joint holders.

 

The Companies Law requires that every shareholder that participates, in person, by proxy or by voting instrument in a vote regarding a transaction with a controlling shareholder, must indicate in advance or in the ballot whether or not that shareholder has a personal interest in the vote in question. Failure to indicate so will result in the invalidation of that shareholder’s vote.

 

For information concerning the direct and indirect personal interests of certain of our office holders and principal shareholders in certain transactions with us, see “Item 7.B. – Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions – Related Party Transactions.”

 

Rights, Preferences and Restrictions on Shares

 

Modifications of Share Rights

 

Under our Articles of Association, the rights attached to any class may be varied by adoption of the necessary amendment of the Company’s Articles of Association, provided that the holders of the majority of the shares of such class represented at a meeting of the shareholders of such class. Our Articles of Association require for quorum at a meeting of a particular class of shares the presence of two shareholders holding at least 25% of the voting power of that class. Our Articles of Association may be amended by majority of the voting power of our Company represented at a shareholders meeting and voting thereon, except that the provisions of our Articles of Association relating to mergers and acquisitions can only be amended by a vote of 75% of the voting power of our Company represented at a meeting and voting thereon.

 

Shareholders Meetings and Resolutions

 

We are required to hold an annual general meeting of our shareholders once every calendar year, but no later than 15 months after the date of the previous annual general meeting. All meetings other than the annual general meeting of shareholders are referred to as extraordinary general meetings. Our board of directors may call extraordinary general meetings whenever it sees fit, at such time and place, within or without the State of Israel, as it may be determined. In addition, the Companies Law provides that the board of directors of a public company is required to convene an extraordinary meeting upon the request of (a) any two directors of the company or one quarter of the company’s board of directors or (b) one or more shareholders holding, in the aggregate, (i) five percent of the outstanding shares of the company and one percent of the voting power in the company or (ii) five percent of the voting power in the company.

 

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The quorum required by our Articles of Association for a meeting of shareholders consists of at least two shareholders present in person or by proxy who hold or represent between them at least 25% of the voting power in our Company. A meeting adjourned for lack of quorum is adjourned to the following day at the same time and place or any time and place as the board decides. At such reconvened meeting, the required quorum consists of any number of shareholders present in person or by proxy.

 

Limitation on Ownership of Securities

 

The ownership and voting of our ordinary shares by non-residents of Israel are not restricted in any way by our Articles of Association or by the laws of the State of Israel, except for shareholders who are subjects of countries which are enemies of the State of Israel.

 

Mergers and Acquisitions; Anti-takeover Provisions

 

The Companies Law includes provisions allowing corporate mergers. These provisions require that the board of directors of each company that is party to the merger approve the transaction. In addition, the holders of the majority of the shares of each company must approve the merger. The Companies Law does not require court approval of a merger other than in specified situations. Under the Companies Law, a merging company must inform its creditors of the proposed merger. However, upon the request of a creditor of either party to the proposed merger, a court may delay or prevent the merger if it concludes that there exists a reasonable concern that as a result of the merger, the surviving company will be unable to satisfy the obligations of any of the parties of the merger to their creditors.

 

A merger may not be completed until at least 50 days have passed from the time that a merger proposal was filed with the Israeli Registrar of Companies and 30 days have passed from the shareholders’ approval of the merger in each of the merging companies.

 

The Companies Law also provides that the acquisition of shares in a public company on the open market (i.e., from other shareholders of the company) must be made by means of a tender offer if, as a result of the acquisition, the purchaser would become a 25% shareholder of the company. The rule does not apply if there already is another 25% shareholder of the company. Similarly, the law provides that an acquisition of shares in a public company must be made by means of a tender offer if, as a result of the acquisition, the purchaser would become a 45% shareholder of the company, unless there is already another 45% shareholder of the company.

 

If, following any acquisition of shares, the purchaser would hold 90% or more of the shares of the company that acquisition must be made by means of a tender offer for all of the target company’s shares. An acquirer who wishes to eliminate all minority shareholders must do so by means of a tender offer and acquire 95% of all shares not held by or for the benefit of the acquirer prior to the acquisition. However, in the event that the tender offer to acquire that 95% is not successful, the acquirer may not acquire tendered shares if by doing so the acquirer would own more than 90% of the shares of the target company.

 

Changes in Capital

 

Our Articles of Association enable us to increase or reduce our share capital. Any such changes are subject to the provisions of the Companies Law and must be approved by a resolution passed by a majority of the voting power of our Company present, in person or by proxy, at a general meeting and voting on such change in the capital. In addition, certain transactions, which have the effect of reducing capital, such as the declaration and payment of dividends under certain conditions and the issuance of shares for less than their nominal value, require a resolution of the board of directors and court approval.

 

Compensation. Every Israeli public company must adopt a compensation policy, recommended by the compensation committee, and approved by the board of directors and the shareholders, in that order. The shareholder approval requires a majority of the votes cast by shareholders, excluding any controlling shareholder and those who have a personal interest in the matter (similar to the threshold described below under " – Shareholders"). In general, all office holders’ terms of compensation – including fixed remuneration, bonuses, equity compensation, retirement or termination payments, indemnification, liability insurance and the grant of an exemption from liability – must comply with the company's compensation policy. In addition, the compensation terms of directors, the chief executive officer, and any employee or service provider who is considered a controlling shareholder generally must be approved separately by the compensation committee, the board of directors and the shareholders of the company, in that order. The compensation terms of other officers require the approval of the compensation committee and the board of directors.

 

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Tax Law. Israeli tax law treats some acquisitions, such as a stock-for-stock swap between an Israeli company and a foreign company, less favorably than U.S. tax law. For example, Israeli tax law may subject a shareholder who exchanges his ordinary shares for shares in a foreign corporation to immediate taxation, unless a specific tax ruling is obtained from the Israeli Tax Authority prior to the transaction. Please see "Item 10.E Taxation — Israeli Taxation."

 

Exculpation, Indemnification and Insurance of Directors and Officers

 

Our articles of association allow us to indemnify, exculpate and insure our office holders, which includes our directors, to the fullest extent permitted by the Companies Law (other than with respect to certain expenses in connection with administrative enforcement proceedings under the Israeli Securities Law).

 

Under the Companies Law, a company may indemnify an office holder in respect of some liabilities, either in advance of an event or following an event. If a company undertakes to indemnify an office holder in advance against monetary liability incurred in his or her capacity as an office holder, whether imposed in favor of another person pursuant to a judgment, a settlement or an arbitrator’s award approved by a court, the indemnification must be limited to foreseeable events in light of the company’s actual activities at the time of the indemnification undertaking and to a specific sum or a reasonable criterion under such circumstances, as determined by the board of directors.

 

Under the Companies Law, only if and to the extent provided by its articles of association, a company may indemnify an office holder against the following liabilities or expenses incurred in his or her capacity as an office holder:

 

any monetary liability whether imposed on him or her in favor of another person pursuant to a judgment, a settlement or an arbitrator’s award approved by a court;

 

reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by him or her as a result of an investigation or proceedings instituted against him or her by an authority empowered to conduct an investigation or proceedings, which are concluded either (i) without the filing of an indictment against the office holder and without the levying of a monetary obligation in lieu of criminal proceedings upon the office holder, or (ii) without the filing of an indictment against the office holder but with levying a monetary obligation in substitute of such criminal proceedings upon the office holder for a crime that does not require proof of criminal intent;

 

reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, in proceedings instituted against him or her by the company, on the company’s behalf or by a third-party, or in connection with criminal proceedings in which the office holder was acquitted, or as a result of a conviction for a crime that does not require proof of criminal intent, or in connection with an administrative enforcement proceeding or financial sanction instituted against him; and

 

reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by him or her as a result of an administrative enforcement proceeding instituted against him or her.

 

Under the Companies Law, a company may obtain insurance for an office holder against liabilities incurred in his or her capacity as an office holder, if and to the extent provided for in its articles of association. These liabilities include a breach of duty of care to the company or a third-party, a breach of duty of loyalty, any monetary liability imposed on the office holder in favor of a third-party, and reasonable litigation expenses, including attorney fees, incurred by an office holder as a result of an administrative enforcement proceeding instituted against him.

 

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A company may, in advance only, exculpate an office holder for a breach of the duty of care, except in connection with a distribution of dividends or a repurchase of the company’s securities. A company may not exculpate an office holder from a breach of the duty of loyalty towards the company.

 

Under the Companies Law, however, an Israeli company may only indemnify or insure an office holder against a breach of duty of loyalty to the extent that the office holder acted in good faith and had reasonable grounds to assume that the action would not prejudice the company. In addition, an Israeli company may not indemnify, insure or exculpate an office holder against a breach of duty of care if committed intentionally or recklessly, or an action committed with the intent to derive an unlawful personal gain, or for a fine or forfeit levied against the office holder.

 

We have purchased liability insurance and entered into indemnification and exculpation agreements for the benefit of our office holders in accordance with the Companies Law and our articles of association.

 

C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS

 

Other than as described in other parts of this annual report, we have no other material contracts to which we were party during the last completed fiscal year.

 

D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS

 

Other than general anti-money laundering regulations, there are currently no Israeli currency control regulations in effect that restrict our import or export of capital to or from the State of Israel, or the availability of cash and cash equivalents for use by our Company. Under the Bank of Israel Law, 5770-2010, the Governor of the Bank of Israel, with the approval of the monetary policy committee of the Bank of Israel, is authorized to issue an administrative order restricting the transfer of funds to or from Israel. However, such an order is only likely to be issued under emergency circumstances and only for a temporary period, if necessary for the achievement of the goals of the Bank of Israel or the carrying out of its responsibilities under Israeli law. Furthermore, Israel has agreed, pursuant to international agreements to which it is a party (including incident to Israel’s having joined the International Monetary Fund) to allow for the free flow of capital to and from within its borders. Certain transactions nevertheless require the filing of reports with the Bank of Israel.

 

Similarly, there are no currently effective Israeli governmental laws, decrees, regulations or other legislation that restrict the payment of dividends or other distributions with respect to our ordinary shares or the proceeds from the sale of the shares, except for the obligation of Israeli residents to file reports with the Bank of Israel regarding some transactions. However, legislation remains in effect under which currency controls can be imposed by administrative action at any time.

 

E. TAXATION

 

HOLDERS OF OUR ORDINARY SHARES SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE UNITED STATES, ISRAELI OR OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF ORDINARY SHARES, INCLUDING, IN PARTICULAR, THE EFFECT OF ANY FOREIGN, STATE OR LOCAL TAXES.

 

Israeli Tax Considerations and Government Programs

 

The following is a summary of the current tax structure applicable to companies in Israel, with special reference to its effect on us. The following also contains a discussion of certain Israeli and United States tax consequences to purchasers of our ordinary shares and certain Israeli Government programs benefiting us. To the extent that the discussion is based on new tax legislation that has not been subject to judicial or administrative interpretation, there can be no assurance that the views expressed in the discussion will be accepted by the tax authorities in question. The discussion is not intended, and should not be construed, as legal or professional tax advice and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations.

 

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General Corporate Tax Structure

 

Israeli companies were generally subject to corporate tax at a rate of 25% in 2016. In December 2016, the Israeli Parliament approved a measure whereby the corporate tax rate would be reduced in two stages from 25% to 23%, starting with a corporate income tax rate of 24% beginning January 2017 which is to be reduced to 23% beginning January 2018.

 

Capital Gains Tax on Sales of Our Ordinary Shares

 

Capital gains tax is imposed on the disposal of capital assets by an Israeli resident and on the disposal of such assets by a non- Israel resident, if those assets are either: (i) located in Israel; (ii) shares or rights to shares in an Israeli resident company, or (iii) represent, directly or indirectly, rights to assets located in Israel. The Israeli Income Tax Ordinance, 1961 [new version] (the “Ordinance”) distinguishes between “Real Capital Gain” and “Inflationary Surplus”. The Real Capital Gain on the disposition of a capital asset is the amount of total capital gain in excess of Inflationary Surplus. Inflationary Surplus is generally computed on the basis of the increase in the Israeli Consumer Price Index between the date of purchase and the date of disposal of the capital asset.

 

Real Capital Gain generated by a company is generally subject to tax at the corporate tax rate (25% in 2016). The Real Capital Gain accrued by individuals on the sale of our ordinary shares will be taxed at the rate of 25%. However, if the individual shareholder is a “Controlling Shareholder” (i.e., a person who holds, directly or indirectly, alone or together with another, 10% or more of one of the Israeli resident company’s “means of control” (including, among others, the right to company profits, voting rights, the right to the company’s liquidation proceeds and the right to appoint a company director) at the time of sale or at any time during the preceding 12 month period)), such gain will be taxed at the rate of 30%. In addition, there is a 2% excess tax for individuals whose taxable income in Israel exceeds 810,720 NIS in 2016 or 3% excess tax for individuals with taxable income in Israel exceeding 640,000 NIS in 2017).

 

Individual and corporate shareholders dealing in securities in Israel are taxed at the tax rates applicable to business income (and not capital gains) – 25% for corporations in 2016 (24% in 2017 or 23% in 2018) and a marginal tax rate of up to 50% for individuals in 2016 (including a 2% excess tax for individuals whose taxable income in Israel exceeds 810,720 NIS in 2016 or 3% excess tax for individuals with taxable income in Israel exceeding 640,000 NIS in 2017).

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, capital gains generated from the sale of our securities by a non-Israeli shareholder may be exempt under the Ordinance from Israeli taxes provided that all the following cumulative conditions are met: (i) the securities were purchased upon or after the registration of the securities on a stock exchange (this requirement generally does not apply to shares purchased on or after January 1, 2009); (ii) the seller of the securities does not have a permanent establishment in Israel to which the generated capital gain is attributable; and (iii) if the seller is a corporation, less than 25% of its means of control are held, directly and indirectly, by Israeli resident shareholders. In addition, the sale of the securities may be exempt from Israeli capital gain tax under the provisions of an applicable tax treaty. For example, the Convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Israel with respect to Taxes on Income (the “Israel-U.S. Double Tax Treaty”) exempts U.S. residents from Israeli capital gains tax in connection with such sale, provided that: (i) the U.S. resident owned, directly or indirectly, less than 10% of the Israeli resident company’s voting power at any time within the 12-month period preceding such sale; (ii) the seller, if an individual, has been present in Israel for less than 183 days (in the aggregate) during the taxable year; and (iii) the capital gain from the sale was not generated through a permanent establishment of the U.S. resident in Israel.

 

Either the purchaser of the securities, the stockbrokers who effected the transaction or the financial institution holding the traded securities through which the payment to the seller is made is obligated, subject to the above-referenced exemptions, to withhold tax on the Real Capital Gains resulting from the real capital gain or the consideration in the sale of securities at the rate of 25% in respect of a corporation and/or an individual.

 

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A detailed return, including a computation of the tax due, must be filed and an advance payment must be paid on January 31 and July 31 of each tax year for sales of securities traded on a stock exchange made in the 6 months period prior to the month of each of the aforementioned filing dates. However, if all tax due was withheld at source according to applicable provisions of the Ordinance and the regulations promulgated thereunder, the return does not need to be filed and no advance payment is required. Capital gains are also reportable on an annual income tax return.

 

Taxation of Dividends

 

As of January 1, 2012, a distribution of dividends from income derived during any period for which the Israeli company is not entitled to reduced tax rates applicable to an Approved Enterprise/Benefited Enterprise/ Preferred Enterprise under the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments-1959, to an Israeli resident individual, will generally be subject to tax at a rate of 25%. However, a 30% tax rate will apply if the dividend recipient is a “Controlling Shareholder” (as defined above) at the time of distribution or at any time during the preceding 12 month period. In addition, there is a 2% excess tax for individuals whose taxable income in Israel exceeds 810,720 NIS in 2016 or 3% excess tax for individuals with taxable income in Israel exceeding 640,000 NIS in 2017. If the recipient of the dividend is an Israeli resident corporation, such dividend will be exempt from tax in Israel provided that the income from which such dividend was distributed was derived or accrued within Israel.

 

The aforementioned rates may be reduced by an applicable double tax treaty. Thus, under the Israel – U.S. Double Tax Treaty the following rates will apply in respect of dividends distributed by an Israeli resident company to a U.S. resident: (i) if the U.S. resident is a corporation which holds during that portion of the taxable year which precedes the date of payment of the dividend and during the whole of its prior taxable year (if any), at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the voting stock of the Israeli resident paying corporation and not more than 25% of the gross income of the Israeli resident paying corporation for such prior taxable year (if any) consists of certain type of interest or dividends – the tax rate is 12.5%, (ii) if both the conditions mentioned in section (i) above are met and the dividend is paid from an Israeli resident company's income which was entitled to a reduced tax rate applicable to an Approved Enterprise/ Benefited Enterprise/Preferred Enterprise – the tax rate is 15%, and (iii) in all other cases, the tax rate is 25%. The aforementioned rates under the Israel - U.S. Double Tax Treaty will not apply if the dividend income has been derived through a permanent establishment of the U.S. resident in Israel.

 

In general, dividend derived from an Israeli resident company (other than a family company), is not subject to tax as part of the company's taxable income. However, dividend derived from non-Israeli resident or dividend derived from an Approved Enterprise's/Privileged Enterprise's/Preferred Enterprise is subject to tax as described below.

 

Our company is obligated to withhold tax, upon the distribution of a dividend at the regular rate but it may in the future qualify for lower rates to be attributed as a Preferred Enterprise.

 

United States Federal Income Tax Considerations

 

The following discussion describes certain material United States (“U.S.”) federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares.

 

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of ordinary shares who or which is any of the following for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

 

a citizen or resident of the U.S. or someone treated as a U.S. citizen or resident of the U.S.;

 

a corporation (or another entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the U.S., any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;

 

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an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

a trust, if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or (b) the trust was in existence and treated as a U.S. person on August 20, 1996 and has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations (as defined below) to be treated as a U.S. person.

 

A “Non-U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of our ordinary shares that is neither a U.S. Holder nor a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes).

 

This summary is for general information purposes only and does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to a decision to purchase, hold or dispose of the Company’s ordinary shares. This summary generally considers only U.S. holders that will own the ordinary shares as capital assets and does not consider the U.S. tax consequences to a person that is not a U.S. holder or the tax treatment of persons who hold the ordinary shares through a partnership or other pass-through entity. In addition, the possible application of U.S. federal estate or gift taxes or any aspect of state, local or non-U.S. tax laws is not considered. This discussion is based on current provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Code by the U.S. Treasury Department (including proposed and temporary regulations) (the “Treasury Regulations”), rulings, current administrative interpretations and official pronouncements by the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), and judicial decisions, all as currently in effect and all of which are subject to differing interpretations or to change, with a retroactive effect. Such changes could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences described below. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below.

 

This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to any particular U.S. holder based on the holder’s particular circumstances, such as, persons who own, directly, indirectly or constructively, 10% or more (by voting power or value) of our outstanding voting shares;

 

investors holding ordinary shares as part of a “hedging,” “integrated” or “conversion” transaction or as a position in a “straddle” for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

 

persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar;

 

persons who acquire their ordinary shares in a compensatory transaction;

 

partnerships (including entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes) or other pass-through entities, or holders that will hold ordinary shares through such entities;

 

certain former citizens or residents of the United States;

 

dealers or traders in securities, commodities or currencies;

 

insurance companies;

 

regulated investment companies;

 

real estate investment trusts, regulated investment companies or grantor trusts;

 

traders who elect to mark-to-market their securities;

 

tax-exempt entities or organizations;

 

banks or other financial institutions;

 

U.S. expatriates; and

 

persons subject to the alternative minimum tax.

 

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HOLDER RELIANCE ON TAX STATEMENTS

 

THIS SUMMARY OF MATERIAL UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY AND IS NOT TAX ADVICE. EACH HOLDER SHOULD CONSULT ITS TAX ADVISOR WITH RESPECT TO THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSEQUENCES TO IT OF AN INVESTMENT IN THE ORDINARY SHARES, INCLUDING THE EFFECTS OF APPLICABLE UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS AS WELL AS ANY TAX CONSEQUENCES ARISING UNDER THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL ESTATE OR GIFT TAX RULES OR UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY FOREIGN, STATE OR LOCAL JURISDICTION OR UNDER ANY APPLICABLE TAX TREATY.

 

Availability of Reduced Tax Rates

 

Recent U.S. legislation increased to 20% the maximum U.S. Federal income tax rate on certain long-term capital gains and on qualifying dividends. Long-term capital gains from the sale of our ordinary shares may be eligible for this rate, although the actual rates may be higher due to the phase out of certain tax deductions, exemptions and credits. Subject to the discussion below, dividends, if any, may also be eligible for this 20% maximum rate on long-term capital gains, provided that we do not constitute a passive foreign investment company (a “PFIC”). However, tax rates are subject to change, especially given the uncertain economic conditions in the United States and the size of the federal deficit. U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors.

 

Distributions on the Ordinary Shares

 

In general (and subject to the PFIC rules discussed below), any distribution paid by us on the ordinary shares to a U.S. holder will be treated as dividend income if the distribution does not exceed our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If holding period and other requirements are met, dividends paid to non-corporate U.S. holders currently should generally qualify for the reduced maximum tax rate of 20% as long as our ordinary shares remain “readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States,” provided that we are not considered a PFIC (as discussed below) in the taxable year in which the dividend is paid or in any preceding taxable year. The amount of any distribution which exceeds these earnings and profits will be treated first as a non-taxable return of capital, reducing the U.S. holder’s tax basis in its ordinary shares to the extent thereof, and then as capital gain, and as long-term capital gain if the U.S. holder’s holding period exceeds one year, from the deemed disposition of the ordinary shares (subject to the PFIC rules discussed below). Corporate holders generally will not be allowed a deduction for dividends received on the ordinary shares.

 

A dividend paid by us in NIS will be included in the income of U.S. holders at the U.S. dollar value of the dividend, based upon the spot rate of exchange in effect on the date of the distribution. U.S. holders will have a tax basis in NIS for U.S. federal income tax purposes equal to that U.S. dollar value. Any subsequent gain or loss resulting from exchange rate fluctuations between the day the dividend was included in the income of U.S. holders and the day the NIS are converted into U.S. dollars or are otherwise disposed of, will be taxable as ordinary income, gain or loss from U.S. sources.

 

Dividends paid by us generally will be foreign source “passive income” for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes or, in the case of a U.S. holder that is a financial services entity, “financial services income.” U.S. holders may elect to claim as a foreign tax credit against their U.S. federal income tax liability the Israeli income tax withheld from dividends received on the ordinary shares. The Code provides limitations on the amount of foreign tax credits that a U.S. holder may claim. U.S. holders that do not elect to claim a foreign tax credit may instead claim a deduction for Israeli income tax withheld, but only for a year in which these U.S. holders elect to do so for all foreign income taxes. The rules relating to foreign tax credits are complex (and may also be impacted by the tax treaty between the United States and Israel), and you should consult your tax advisor to determine whether and if you would be entitled to this credit.

 

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Subject to the discussion below under “Backup Withholding Tax and Information Reporting Requirements,” if you are a Non-U.S. Holder, you generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income (or withholding) tax on dividends received by you on your ordinary shares, unless:

 

  you conduct a trade or business in the U.S. and such income is effectively connected with that trade or business (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the dividends are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the U.S.); or

 

  you are an individual and have been present in the U.S. for 183 days or more in the taxable year of such sale or exchange and certain other conditions are met.

  

Sale or Other Disposition of the Ordinary Shares

 

Upon the sale or other disposition of the ordinary shares (subject to the PFIC rules discussed below), a U.S. holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale or exchange and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the ordinary shares. The gain or loss recognized on the sale or exchange of the ordinary shares generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder’s holding period of the ordinary shares is more than one year at the time of the disposition.

 

Gain or loss recognized by a U.S. holder on a sale or exchange of ordinary shares generally will be treated as U.S. source income or loss for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. Under the tax treaty between the United States and Israel, gain derived from the sale, exchange or other disposition of ordinary shares by a holder who is a resident of the U.S. for purposes of the treaty and who sells the ordinary shares within Israel may be treated as foreign source income for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes.

 

The amount of a distribution paid to a U.S. Holder in a foreign currency will be the dollar value of the foreign currency calculated by reference to the spot exchange rate on the day the U.S. Holder receives the distribution, regardless of whether the foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars at that time. Any foreign currency gain or loss a U.S. Holder realizes on a subsequent conversion of foreign currency into U.S. dollars will be U.S. source ordinary income or loss. If dividends received in foreign currency are converted into U.S. dollars on the day they are received, a U.S. Holder generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend.

 

An accrual basis U.S. Holder may elect the same treatment required of cash basis taxpayers with respect to foreign currency gain or loss realized on a sale or disposition of our ordinary shares that are traded on an established securities market, provided that the election is applied consistently from year to year. Such election may not be changed without the consent of the IRS. In the event that an accrual basis U.S. Holder does not elect to be treated as a cash basis taxpayer for this purpose (pursuant to the Treasury regulations applicable to foreign currency transactions), such U.S. Holder may have a foreign currency gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes because of differences between the U.S. dollar value of the currency received prevailing on the trade date and the settlement date. Any such foreign currency gain or loss would be treated as ordinary income or loss and would be in addition to the gain or loss, if any, recognized by such U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of our ordinary shares. Any foreign currency gain or loss a U.S. Holder realizes will generally be U.S. source ordinary income or loss.

 

The U.S. rules relating to foreign currency gains and losses are complex, and you should consult with your tax advisor to determine whether and to what extent you would have to recognize such foreign currency gains or losses.

 

Subject to the discussion below under “United States Information Reporting and Backup Withholding,” if you are a Non-U.S. Holder, you generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on any gain realized on the sale or exchange of our ordinary shares unless:

 

  such gain is effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the gain is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that you maintain in the United States); or

 

  you are an individual and have been present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of such sale or exchange and certain other conditions are met.

 

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Passive Foreign Investment Companies

 

In general, a foreign (i.e., non-U.S.) corporation will be a PFIC for any taxable year in which, after applying the relevant look-through rules with respect to the income and assets of its subsidiaries, either (1) 75% or more of its gross income in the taxable year is “passive income,” or (2) assets held for the production of, or that produce, passive income comprise 50% or more of the average of its total asset value in the taxable year. For purpose of the income test, passive income includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents, annuities and net gains from the disposition of assets, which produce passive income. For purposes of the assets test, assets held for the production of passive income includes assets held for the production of, or that produce dividends, interest, royalties, rents, annuities, and other income included in the income test. In determining whether we meet the assets test, cash is considered a passive asset and the total value of our assets generally will be treated as equal to the sum of the aggregate fair market value of our outstanding shares plus our liabilities. If we own at least 25% (by value) of the shares of another corporation, we will be treated, for purposes of the PFIC tests, as owning our proportionate share of the other corporation’s assets and receiving our proportionate share of the other corporation’s income. The income test is conducted at the taxable year-end. The asset test is conducted on a quarterly basis and the quarterly results are then averaged together.

 

If a corporation is treated as a PFIC for any year during a U.S. holder’s holding period and the U.S. holder does not timely elect to treat the corporation as a “qualified electing fund” under Section 1295 of the Code or elect to mark its ordinary shares to market (both as described below), any gain on the disposition of the shares will be treated as ordinary income, rather than capital gain, and the holder will be required to compute its tax liability on that gain, as well as on dividends and other distributions, as if the income had been earned ratably over each day in the U.S. holder’s holding period for the shares. The portion of the gain and distributions allocated to prior taxable years in which a corporation was a PFIC will be ineligible for any preferential tax rate otherwise applicable to any “qualified dividend income” or capital gains, and will be taxed at the highest ordinary income tax rate in effect for each taxable year to which this portion is allocated. An interest charge will be imposed on the amount of the tax allocated to these taxable years. A U.S. holder may elect to treat a corporation as a qualified electing fund only if the corporation complies with requirements imposed by the IRS to enable the shareholder and the IRS to determine the corporation’s ordinary income and net capital gain. Additionally, if a corporation is a PFIC, a U.S. holder who acquires shares in the corporation from a decedent will be denied the normally available step-up in tax basis to fair market value for the shares at the date of death and instead will have a tax basis equal to the decedent’s tax basis if lower than fair market value. These adverse tax consequences associated with PFIC status could result in a material increase in the amount of tax that a U.S. holder would owe and an imposition of tax earlier than would otherwise be imposed and additional tax form filing requirements. Unless otherwise provided by the IRS, if a corporation is classified as a PFIC, a U.S. holder will generally be required to file an informational return annually to report its ownership interest in such entity.

 

Available Elections. If we become a PFIC for any taxable year, U.S. holders should consider whether or not to elect to treat us as a “qualified electing fund” or to elect to “mark-to-market” their ordinary shares in order to mitigate the adverse tax consequences of PFIC status.

 

If a U.S. holder makes a qualified electing fund election (a “QEF election”) for its ordinary shares that is effective from the first taxable year that the U.S. holder holds our ordinary shares and during which we are a PFIC, the electing U.S. holder will avoid the adverse consequences of our being classified as a PFIC but will instead be required to include in income a pro rata share of our net capital gain, if any, and other earnings and profits (“ordinary earnings”) as long-term capital gains and ordinary income, respectively, on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. holder in which or with which our taxable year ends. A subsequent distribution of amounts that were previously included in the gross income of U.S. holders should not be taxable as a dividend to those U.S. holders who made a QEF election. In the event we incur a net loss for a taxable year, such loss will not be available as a deduction to an electing U.S. holder, and may not be carried forward or back in computing our net capital gain or ordinary earnings in other taxable years. The tax basis of the shares of an electing U.S. holder generally will be increased by amounts that are included in income, and decreased by amounts distributed but not taxed as dividends, under the QEF rules described above. In order to make (or maintain) a QEF election, the U.S. holder must annually complete and file IRS Form 8621. In addition, we must make certain information regarding our net capital gains and ordinary earnings available to the U.S. holder and permit our books and records to be examined to verify such information. Therefore, we will monitor our PFIC status and make a disclosure to our shareholders if we determine that we have become a PFIC. If we are a PFIC for any year and you make a request to us in writing at the address on the cover of our latest Annual Report on Form 20-F, Attention Chief Financial Officer, for the information required to make a QEF election, we will promptly make the information available to you and comply with any other applicable requirements of the Code.

 

  58  

 

A QEF election, once made with respect to us, applies to the tax year for which it was made and to all subsequent tax years, unless the election is invalidated or the IRS consents to revocation of the election. If you make a QEF election and we cease to be classified as a PFIC in a subsequent tax year, the QEF election will remain in effect, although it will not be applicable during those tax years in which we are not classified as a PFIC. Therefore, if we – after ceasing to be classified as a PFIC – again are classified as a PFIC in a subsequent tax year, the QEF election will be effective and you will again be subject to the rules described above for U.S. holders making QEF elections in such tax year and any subsequent tax years in which we are classified as a PFIC. A QEF election also remains in effect even after you dispose of all of your direct and indirect interest in our ordinary shares. As a result, if you subsequently acquire any of our ordinary shares or an interest in any of our ordinary shares, you will again be subject to the rules described above for U.S. holders making a QEF election for each tax year in which we are classified as a PFIC.

 

Alternatively, if a U.S. holder elects to “mark-to-market” its ordinary shares, the U.S. holder will generally include in its income any excess of the fair market value of our ordinary shares at the close of each taxable year over the holder’s adjusted basis in such ordinary shares. If a U.S. holder makes a valid mark-to-market election with respect to our ordinary shares for the first taxable year of the U.S. holder in which the U.S. holder holds (or is deemed to hold) our ordinary shares and for which we are determined to be a PFIC, such holder generally will not be subject to the PFIC rules described above in respect to its ordinary shares. A U.S. holder generally will be allowed an ordinary deduction for the excess, if any, of the adjusted tax basis of the ordinary shares over the fair market value of the ordinary shares as of the close of the taxable year, or the amount of any net mark-to-market gains recognized for prior taxable years, whichever is less. A U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in the ordinary shares will generally be adjusted to reflect the amounts included or deducted under the mark-to-market election. Additionally, any gain on the actual sale or other disposition of the ordinary shares generally will be treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment also will apply to any loss recognized on the actual sale or other disposition of ordinary shares to the extent that the amount of such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included with respect to such ordinary shares. A mark-to-market election applies to the tax year for which the election is made and to each subsequent year, unless our ordinary shares cease to be marketable, as specifically defined, or the IRS consents to revocation of the election. No view is expressed regarding whether our ordinary shares are marketable for these purposes or whether the election will be available.

 

If a U.S. holder makes either the QEF election or the mark-to-market election, distributions and gain will not be recognized ratably over the U.S. holder’s holding period or be subject to an interest charge as described above. Further, the denial of basis step-up at death described above will not apply. If a U.S. holder elects to treat us as a “qualified electing fund,” gain on the sale of the ordinary shares will be characterized as capital gain. However, U.S. holders making one of these two elections may experience current income recognition, even if we do not distribute any cash. The elections must be made with the U.S. holder’s federal income tax return for the year of election, filed by the due date of the return (as it may be extended) or, under certain circumstances provided in applicable Treasury Regulations, subsequent to that date.

 

WE DO NOT INTEND TO PROVIDE THE INFORMATION NECESSARY FOR U.S. HOLDERS TO MAKE QUALIFIED ELECTING FUND ELECTIONS IF WE ARE CLASSIFIED AS A PFIC. U.S. HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS TO DETERMINE WHETHER ANY OF THESE ELECTIONS WOULD BE AVAILABLE AND IF SO, WHAT THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS WOULD BE IN THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES.

  

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Legislation regarding Medicare Tax

 

For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, a U.S. holder that is an individual or estate, or a trust that does not fall into a special class of trusts that is exempt from such tax, will be subject to a 3.8% tax on the lesser of (1) the U.S. holder’s “net investment income” for the relevant taxable year and (2) the excess of the U.S. Investor’s modified adjusted gross income for the taxable year over a certain threshold (which, in the case of individuals, will be between US$125,000 and US$250,000 depending on the individual’s circumstances). A U.S. holder’s “net investment income” may generally include its dividend income and its net gains from the disposition of shares, unless such dividends or net gains are derived in the ordinary course of the conduct of a trade or business (other than a trade or business that consists of certain passive or trading activities). If you are a U.S. holder that is an individual, estate or trust, you are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the applicability of the Medicare tax to your income and gains in respect of your investment in the shares.

 

Withholdable Payments to Foreign Financial Entities and Other Foreign Entities

 

A non-U.S. holder may be subject to a U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of 30% on certain payments made beginning January 1, 2014 to certain non-U.S. entities if certain disclosure requirements related to U.S. accounts maintained by, or the U.S. ownership of, the non-U.S. holder are not satisfied. Such payments would include U.S.-source dividends and the gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of our ordinary shares that can produce U.S.-source dividends. Non-U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of such withholding taxes on their ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares.

 

United States Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

 

In general, U.S. holders may be subject to certain information reporting requirements under the Code relating to their purchase and/or ownership of shares of a foreign corporation such as the Company. Failure to comply with these information reporting requirements may result in substantial penalties.

 

For example, recently enacted legislation generally requires certain individuals who are U.S. holders to file Form 8938 to report the ownership of specified foreign financial assets for tax years beginning after March 18, 2010 if the total value of those assets exceeds an applicable threshold amount (subject to certain exceptions). For these purposes, a specified foreign financial asset includes not only a financial account (as defined by the Code and applicable Treasury Regulations for these purposes) maintained by a foreign financial institution, but also any stock or security issued by a non-U.S. person, any financial instrument or contract held for investment that has an issuer or counterparty other than a U.S. person and any interest in a foreign entity, provided that the asset is not held in an account maintained by a financial institution. The minimum applicable threshold amount is generally US$50,000 in the aggregate, but this threshold amount varies depending on whether the individual lives in the U.S., is married, files a joint income tax return with his or her spouse, etc. Certain domestic entities that are U.S. holders may also be required to file Form 8938 in the near future. U.S. holders are urged to consult with their tax advisors regarding their reporting obligations, including the requirement to file IRS Form 8938.

 

Dividend payments and proceeds from the sale or disposal of ordinary shares may be subject to information reporting to the IRS and possible U.S. federal backup withholding at the rate of 31%. Certain holders (including, among others, corporations) are generally not subject to information reporting and backup withholding. A U.S. holder generally will be subject to backup withholding if such holder is not otherwise exempt and such holder:

 

fails to furnish its taxpayer identification number, or TIN, which, for an individual, is ordinarily his or her social security number,

 

furnishes an incorrect TIN,

 

is notified by the IRS that it is subject to backup withholding because it has previously failed to properly report payments of interest or dividends, or

 

fails to certify, under penalties of perjury, that it has furnished a correct TIN and that the IRS has not notified the U.S. holder that it is subject to backup withholding.

 

Any U.S. holder who is required to establish exempt status generally must file IRS Form W-9 (“Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification”).

 

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Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against a U.S. holder’s federal income tax liability. A U.S. holder may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS and furnishing any required information.

  

THE DISCUSSION ABOVE IS A GENERAL SUMMARY. IT DOES NOT COVER ALL TAX MATTERS THAT MAY BE OF IMPORTANCE TO A PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IS URGED TO CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR ABOUT THE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO IT OF AN INVESTMENT IN OUR ORDINARY SHARES IN LIGHT OF THE INVESTOR’S OWN CIRCUMSTANCES.

 

F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS

 

Not applicable

 

G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS

 

Not applicable

 

H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY

 

All documents referenced herein concerning us are archived at our principal offices located at: 1 Ha’Ofe St., Kadima-Tzoran, Israel, 6092000.

 

I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATION

 

Not applicable

 

ITEM 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

 

Market risk represents the risk of changes in the value of a financial instrument caused by fluctuations in interest rates, equity prices and foreign currency exchange rates.

 

Interest Rate Risk

 

Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash in bank accounts. The primary objectives of our investment activities are to preserve principal and provide liquidity without significantly increasing risk. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. The shareholders loan is subject to interest of the lower of 3.2% per annum or the minimum rate required by the Israeli tax law (In 2016 2.56%). Due to the initial measurement of the shareholders loan at fair value with an implied annual interest of 34%, a hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair value of the shareholders loan or cash balances for the periods presented.

 

Equity Price Risk

 

As of December 31, 2016, we did not have any marketable securities that were recorded at fair value. Hence there was no exposure to equity price risk.

 

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

 

We are exposed to financial market risk associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

 

As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately $370 thousand of cash and restricted cash in New Israeli Shekel (NIS) and approximately $250 thousand of cash in Euro currency.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2016, the majority of our operating expenses other than payroll were denominated in U.S. dollars. We therefore have not had material foreign currency risk associated with cost-based activities other than payroll. Therefore, our results of operations are minimally subject to fluctuations from changes in foreign currency rates. We believe the exposure to foreign currency fluctuation from operating expenses is immaterial at this time as the related costs do not constitute a significant portion of our total expenses. As we grow operations, our exposure to foreign currency risk will likely become more significant. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, we did not enter into any foreign currency exchange contracts. For our non-U.S dollar expenses a hypothetical 10% weakening in the value of the U.S. Dollar relative to the NIS would have resulted in an increase in operating expenses of approximately $75 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2016.

 

ITEM 12. Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

 

Not applicable.

 

  61  

 

PART II

 

ITEM 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

 

None.

 

ITEM 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

 

None.

 

ITEM 15. Controls and Procedures

 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management to allow timely decisions to be made regarding required disclosure. Our management has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2016. Based on such review, our management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2016.

 

Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined under Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f).

 

Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets, (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Our management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. The framework used by management in making that assessment was the criteria set forth in the document entitled “Internal Control – Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ( COSO 2013 Framework). Based on that assessment, our management has determined and concluded that, as of December 31, 2016, the Company did not make a significant progress in the documentation of its internal control, hence, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting were not effective.

 

  62  

 

Our management, conducted an evaluation, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(c) promulgated under the Exchange Act, of the effectiveness, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, of its internal control over financial reporting based on the COSO 2013 Framework. Based on the results of this evaluation, management concluded that as at December 31, 2016 our internal control over financial reporting was not effective due to the material weakness in internal controls described below.

 

As of the date of this Annual Report we have not made significant progress with the design, implementation and documentation of controls over period end financial disclosure and reporting processes, and we have determined this to be a material weakness.

 

We are in the process of remediating the identified material weakness and we will continue to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal controls over financial reporting on an ongoing basis and are committed to take further action and implement additional enhancements or improvements, as necessary.

 

Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, passed in 2010, which eliminated the requirements for non-accelerated filers.

 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

Since there was no maintenance of internal controls as of December 31, 2015 we are in the process of implementing applicable controls over financial reporting and processes applicable to business in our stage which we commenced immediately with the start of the activity after the purchase of the Company from the Temporary Liquidator in February 2016. Accordingly, during the period covered by this annual report, changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act), have occurred as we continue to implement the abovementioned improvements to our internal control over financial reporting.

 

ITEM 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert

 

Our board of directors has determined that Ms. Orit Stav qualifies as an audit committee financial expert, as defined by the rules of the SEC, and has the requisite financial experience required by NASDAQ rules, the listing standards of The NASDAQ Stock Market, as if we were listed thereon (which we are not) . In addition, Ms. Orit Stav is independent, as such term is defined in Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the Exchange Act.

 

ITEM 16B. Code of Ethics

 

On May 15, 2017, our Company has adopted a code of ethics, which applies to all employees, officers and directors, including our principal executive officer or CEO and our principal financial officer or CFO or other persons performing similar functions. Copies of our code of ethics are available free of charge at our executive offices upon request.

 

  63  

 

ITEM 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

 

The following table presents fees for professional audit services rendered by Somekh Chaikin., an independent registered accounting firm and a member firm of KPMG International (“Somekh Chaikin”) for the audit of the Company’s consolidated annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and for other services rendered as well as for tax return preparation.  As further discussed below in Item 16F, the Board selected Somekh Chaikin as its independent auditor starting for the year ending December 31, 2015. In 2016 and 2015, no audit related fees were charged other than stated below by Somekh Chaikin to the Company.

 

    2016     2015  
    (In thousand)  
Audit Fees (1)   $ 30     $ 22  
Tax Fees (2)   $ 5     $ 5  

 

(1) Audit fees consist of fees for professional services rendered for the audit of the Company’s consolidated financial statements and review of financial statements and services normally provided by the independent auditor in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.
(2) Tax fees are the aggregate fees for services rendered by our auditors related to tax compliance in connection with the preparation of tax returns.

  

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

 

The audit committee approves all audits, audit-related services, tax services and other services provided by our independent auditors. Any services provided by our independent auditors that are not specially included within the scope of the audit must be pre-approved by our audit committee prior to any engagement.

 

ITEM 16D. Exemptions from the Listing and Standards of Audit Committees

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

 

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

 

None.

 

Purchases of Equity Securities by an Affiliated Purchaser

 

No purchases of our equity securities were made in 2016 by an affiliated purchaser.

 

Item 16F. Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant   

 

For details related to change in our certifying accountant see Item 16F in our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2015.

 

Item 16G. Corporate Governance

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 16H. Mine Safety Disclosure

 

Not applicable.

 

  64  

 

PART III

 

ITEM 17. Financial Statements

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 18. Financial Statements

 

See Pages F-1 through F-26 of this Annual Report.

 

ITEM 19. Exhibits

 

The exhibits filed with or incorporated into this annual report are listed on the index of exhibits below.

 

Exhibit No.   Description
1.1     Memorandum of Association of Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registrant's report on Form 20-F, filed on September 7, 2011).
1.2   Articles of Association (incorporated by reference to the report on Form 6-K filed on August 19, 2016).
1.3  

Certificate of Name Change dated February 14, 2017.

10.1   License and Service Agreement, dated September 1, 2015, by our Shareholder Aviv, on behalf of the Subsidiary, with Mr. John McGinnis, on behalf of himself and on behalf of his companies, Synergy Aircraft LLC, and MC Squared Design USA.
10.2   Memorandum of Understanding, dated February 5, 2016, by the Subsidiary and Laminar Research LLC.
10.3   Administrative Services Agreement, dated November 30, 2016, by Aviv and Mr. Michael Ilan (beneficial owner of Magic Stones), on behalf of the Subsidiary, with Phinergy Ltd., a company controlled by Aviv and Mr. Ilan.
10.4   Patent Purchase Agreement, dated July 2016, between the Subsidiary and Eye Point Ltd., a company owned by Mr. Dekel Tzidon.
10.5   Loan and Security Agreement, dated July 17, 2016, between the Company, and Aviv Tzidon and Magic Stones.
10.6   Loan and Security Agreement, dated July 17, 2016, between the Subsidiary, and Aviv Tzidon and Magic Stones.
10.7   Assignment and Assumption Agreement, dated July 17, 2016, between the Subsidiary, and Aviv Tzidon and Magic Stones.
10.8   Service Agreement, dated July 17, 2016, between the Company and the Subsidiary, for the purpose of providing CEO services by the Subsidiary to the Company.

10.9

 

Employment Agreement between the Company and Omer Bar-Yohay, dated July 1, 2016.

10.10   Form of Amended Indemnification Agreement for Directors & Officers (incorporated by reference to the report on Form 6-K filed on August 19, 2016).
10.11   Company’s 2016 Equity Incentive Plan.
12.1     Certification of principal executive officer  required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (filed herewith);
12.2     Certification required of principal financial officer by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (filed herewith);
13.1     Certification of principal executive officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith);
13.2     Certification of principal financial officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith);
15.1   Consent from Brightman Almagor Zohar & Co.

 

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SIGNATURE

 

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

 

  EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.
     
  By: /s/ Omer Bar-Yohay  
  Name:  Omer Bar-Yohay  
  Title:  Chief Executive Officer  

 

  By: /s/ Liza Ohayon  
  Name: Liza Ohayon  
  Title:  Chief Financial Officer  

 

Date:  May 16, 2017

 

  66  

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS OF AND FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

  Page
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED  PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM F- 2
   
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
   
Consolidated statements of Financial Position F-4
   
Consolidated statements of Comprehensive Income F-5
   
Consolidated statements of changes in Equity (deficit) F-6 - F-8
   
Consolidated statements of Cash Flows F-9
   
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-10 - F-26
   

 

 

  

F- 1

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To the Board of directors and Shareholders of

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of EVIATION AIRCRAFT Ltd. (Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd). and its subsidiary (hereafter - "the Group") as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the years then ended. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Group's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Group as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years then ended, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB).

 

/s/ Somekh Chaikin

 

Somekh Chaikin

Certified Public Accountants (Isr.)

Member Firm of KPMG International

 

Tel Aviv, May 15, 2017.

 

F- 2

 

 

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Eviation Aircraft Ltd (formerly R. V.B. Holdings Ltd)

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the year ended D ece mber 31, 2014 of Eviation Aircraft Ltd (formerly R. V.B. Holdings Ltd.) and its subsidiary (h e r e after - " the Group"). These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the G r oup's management and Board of Dire cto rs . Our responsibili ty is to exp re ss an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain r easo nable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Group is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform , an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group's internal · control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accountin g principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion .

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the r esults of operations, changes in equity and cash flows of the Group for the year ended December 31, 2014; in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the Intern ational Accounting Standard Board (IASB).

 

/s/ Brightman Almagor Zohar & Co.

 

Brightman Almagor Zohar & Co.

Certified Public Accountants (lsr.)

A Member of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited

 

Tel Aviv, Israel

March 5, 2015

 

 

 

Tel Aviv - Main Office

1 Azrieli Center Tel Aviv, 6701101 P.O.B. 16593

Tel Aviv, 6116402 | Tel: +972 (3) 608 5555 | Fax: +972 (3) 609 4022 | info@deloitte.co.il

 

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F- 3

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

 

        As of December 31,  
        2016     2015  
    Note   $ in thousand  
Assets                
                 
Current assets                
Cash and cash equivalents         858       -  
Restricted cash         -       19  
Accounts receivable   5     35       1  
Total current assets         893       20  
                     
Non-current assets                    
Property and equipment, net   6     305       -  
Long-term restricted bank deposits         59       -  
Total  non-current assets         364       -  
                     
Total assets         1,257       20  
                     
Liabilities and equity                    
                     
Current liabilities                    
Related party   7     321       772  
Trade payables         23       43  
Accounts payable and accruals   8     133       -  
Liabilities of a subsidiary held for sale   9     -       159  
Total current liabilities         477       974  
                     
Non - Current liabilities                    
Shareholders loans   10     617       -  
Total non-current liabilities         617       -  
Equity   14                
                     
Non-controlling interests         -       173  
                     
Share capital         63,597       63,597  
Capital reserves         3,064       86  
Accumulated losses         (66,498 )     (64,810 )
Equity (deficit) attributable to owners of the Company         163       (1,127 )
                     
Total Equity (deficit)         163       (954 )
                     
Total liabilities and equity         1,257       20  

 

         

Aviv Tzidon

Chairman of the Board

 

Omer Bar Yohay

Chief Executive Officer

 

Liza Ohayon

Chief Financial Officer

 

Approval date of the financial statements: May 15, 2017.

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

F- 4

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

        For the year ended December 31,  
        2016     2015     2014  
    Note   $ in thousand  
                       
Research and development expenses   16     1,829       -       -  
Marketing, administrative and general expenses   17     341       -       -  
Total expenses         2,170       -       -  
                             
Operating loss         2,170       -       -  
                             
Financing expenses         93       -       -  
Financing income         (22 )     -       -  
Financing expenses, net   18     71       -       -  
                             
Loss before taxes on income         2,241       -       -  
                             
Taxes on income         (553 )     -       -  
Loss from continuing operations         1,688       -       -  
                             
Loss from discontinued operation   4     -       226       1,596  
Loss for the year         1,688       226       1,596  
                             
Attributable to:                            
Owners of the Company         1,688       201       1,316  
Non-controlling interests         -       25       280  
                             
Loss for the year         1,688       226       1,596  
                             
Continued operations (in $)                            
Basic and diluted loss per share   15     0.20       -       -  
                             
Discontinued operation (in $)                            
Basic and diluted loss per share   15     -       26.43       173.04  

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

F- 5

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (DEFICIT)

 

    For the year ended December 31, 2016  
    Share capital     Capital reserves     Accumulated losses     Attributable to owners of the Company     Non-controlling interests     Total  
    $ in thousand  
                                     
Balance as of January 1, 2016     63,597       86       (64,810 )     (1,127 )     173       (954 )
                                                 
Changes during the year                                                
Capital contribution by shareholders*     -       1,127       -       1,127       (173 )     954  
Share based payment     -       9       -       9       -       9  
Shareholders transaction reserve, net of tax     -       1,842       -       1,842       -       1,842  
Comprehensive loss for the year     -       -       (1,688 )     (1,688 )     -       (1,688 )
                                                 
Balance as of December 31, 2016     63,597       3,064       (66,498 )     163       -       163  

 

*See note 4.

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

F- 6

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (DEFICIT)

 

    For the year ended December 31, 2015  
    Share capital     Capital reserves     Accumulated losses     Attributable to owners of the Company     Non-controlling interests     Total  
    $ in thousand  
                                     
Balance as of January 1, 2015     63,597       86       (64,609 )     (926 )     198       (728 )
                                                 
Comprehensive loss for the year     -       -       (201 )     (201 )     (25 )     (226 )
                                                 
Balance as of December 31, 2015     63,597       86       (64,810 )     (1,127 )     173       (954 )

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

F- 7

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (DEFICIT)

 

    For the year ended December 31, 2014  
    Share capital     Capital reserves     Accumulated losses     Attributable to owners of the Company     Non-controlling interests     Total  
    $ in thousand  
                                     
Balance as of January 1, 2014     63,546       76       (63,293 )     329       529       858  
                                                 
Changes during the year                                                
                                                 
Share-based payment     -       10       -       10       -       10  
Change in non-controlling interests in respect of change in holding in a subsidiary     51       -       -       51       (51 )     -  
Comprehensive loss for the year     -       -       (1,316 )     (1,316 )     (280 )     (1,596 )
                                                 
Balance as of December 31, 2014     63,597       86       (64,609 )     (926 )     198       (728 )

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

F- 8

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

        For the year ended on
December 31,
 
        2016     2015     2014  
    Note   $ in thousand  
Cash flows from operating activity                      
Loss for the year         (1,688 )     -       -  
Adjustments for:                            
Income tax         (553 )                
Depreciation and amortization         31       -       -  
Financial expense, net         69       -       -  
Share-based payments         9       -       -  
          (444 )     -       -  
                             
Increase in accounts receivable         (35 )     -       -  
Increase in trade payables         23       -       -  
Increase in accounts payable and accruals         98       -       -  
Increase in related parties balance         321       -       -  
          407       -       -  
Net cash used in operating activity         (1,725 )     -       -  
                             
Cash flows from investment activity                            
Increase in restricted bank deposit         (59 )     -       -  
Investment in fixed assets         (336 )     -       -  
Net cash used in investment activity         (395 )     -       -  
                             
Cash flows from financing activity                            
Proceeds from shareholders' loans         2,965       -       -  
Net cash provided by financing activity         2,965       -       -  
                             
Cash flows above include cash flows in respect of discontinued operation as follows:   4                        
Net cash used operating activity (*)         -       (116 )     (616 )
Net cash provided by investment activity         -       104       238  
Net cash provided by financing activity         -       -       288  
Net cash flows used in discontinued operation         -       (12 )     (90 )
                             
Exchange differences on balances of cash and cash equivalents         13       -       -  
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents         858       (12 )     (90 )
Balance of cash and cash equivalents at the start of the year         -       12       102  
Balance of cash and cash equivalents at end of the year         858       -       12  
(*)  Including cash interest receipts in the amount of         -       -       2  

 

Non-cash transaction: Contribution by shareholders - See note 4.

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

 

F- 9

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 1 - GENERAL

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT Ltd. (formerly R.V.B. Holdings Ltd.) (the "Company") was incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel. The name change was in effect at March 2, 2017. The address of the Company’s registered office is 1 Ha’Ofe St., Kadima-Tzoran, Israel, 6092000.

 

The Company’s ordinary shares are traded in the United States on the OTC Market, Pink tier, under the symbol EVTNF (formerly RVBHF). See note 4 relating to creditors arrangement and discontinued operation in February 2016.

 

On May 15, 2016, the Company established a new, wholly-owned Israeli subsidiary company under the name “EViation Tech Ltd.” (“the Subsidiary”) for the purpose of developing and commercializing electric propulsion aviation, the Company's new business focus (the “Aviation Business”).

 

As of December 31, 2016, the Company had cash and cash equivalent balance of $ 858 thousand and equity attributable to the owners of the Company of $163 thousand. On July 17, 2016, the Company and its Subsidiary ("the Group") entered into a loan and security agreements with certain shareholders for a total of $5 million. As of the date of this financial statements, the Group received $2.9 million of the loans and the Group have under these agreements additional $2.1 million in unutilized credit availability. The Company's management believes that its available cash resources, including the shareholder credit facilities and the newly approved program from the OCS toward the design and development of the aircraft (see note 13(a)(2)), are sufficient to meet its operating requirements in the new business focus in the foreseeable future. Management has the ability to reduce its expenses if needed, so it can continue to meet its liabilities in the foreseeable future.

 

NOTE 2 - BASIS OF PREPERATION

 

a. Statement of compliance

 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB).

 

b. Functional and presentation currency:

 

(1) Functional currency and operating currency

 

The currency of the main economic environment in which the Group operates is the US dollar (hereinafter - "the functional currency").

 

(2) Translation of transactions that are not in the functional currency

 

In the preparation of the financial statements, transactions carried out in currencies other than the Company's functional currency (hereinafter - "foreign currency") are recorded at the exchange rates in effect on the dates of the transaction.

 

F- 10

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 2 - BASIS OF PREPERATION (continued):

   

At each reporting period, monetary items stated in foreign currency are translated according to the exchange rates in effect at that date; non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost are translated according to the exchange rates in effect at the time of the transaction in connection with the non-monetary item.

 

(3) The method of recording exchange rate differences

 

Exchange rate differences (primarily in respect of monetary balances that are not in the functional currency) are recognized in the income statement in the period in which they occurred.

 

c. Basis of measurement

 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for deferred tax assets and liabilities.

 

d. Use of estimates and judgments

 

Use of estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRSs requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

 

The preparation of accounting estimates used in the preparation of the Group’s financial statements requires management of the Company to make assumptions regarding circumstances and events that involve considerable uncertainty. Management of the Company prepares the estimates on the basis of past experience, various facts, external circumstances, and reasonable assumptions according to the pertinent circumstances of each estimate. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

 

Determination of fair value

 

Preparation of the financial statements requires the Group to determine the fair value of certain assets and liabilities. Further information about the assumptions that were used to determine fair value is included in note 10 on shareholders loan and note 14 on share based payments.

 

e. Risk management policy

 

The operations of the Group expose it to various financial risks, such as a market risk (including a currency risk, fair value risk regarding interest rate and price risk), credit risk, liquidity risk and cash flow risk for the interest rate. The comprehensive risk-management policy of the Group focuses on actions to limit the potential negative impacts on financial performance of the Group to a minimum. The Group does not typically use derivative financial instruments in order to hedge exposures.

 

F- 11

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 2 - BASIS OF PREPERATION (continued):

 

Risk management is performed by the Group’s Chief Executive Officer in accordance with the policy approved by the board of directors.

 

The Group does not have a significant concentration of credit risks. The cash and cash equivalents of the Group are deposited in Israeli banking corporation. In the estimation of the Group’s management, the credit risk for these financial instruments is low.

 

NOTE 3 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

 

a. Basis of consolidation

 

(1) General

 

The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and an entity controlled by the Company (its subsidiary).

 

Control is achieved when the Company:

 

has power over the investee;
is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and
has the ability to use its power to affect its returns.

 

Income and expenses of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income from the effective date of acquisition and up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate.

 

When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with those used by the other members of the Group.

 

All intra-group transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated in full on consolidation.

 

(2) Non-controlling interest

 

Total comprehensive income of subsidiaries is attributed to the owners of the Company and to the non-controlling interests even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance.

 

b. Cash and cash equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments, which include short-term bank deposits (up to three months from date of deposit) that are not restricted as to withdrawal or use and the period to maturity of which did not exceed three months at time of investment.

 

F- 12

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 3 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):

 

c. Property and equipment, net:

 

Property and equipment are measured at cost, including directly attributable costs, less accumulated depreciation.

 

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the assets at annual rates as follows:

 

      %  
         
  Equipment, computers and systems     33  
  Leasehold improvements     10  
  Lab Equipment     20  
  Office furniture     20  

 

d. Long term restricted deposits

 

Long-term restricted deposits are deposits which are expected to be restricted for more than a year, as of the date of the statement of financial position, or are expected to be restricted in the foreseeable future.

 

e. Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Company:

 

(1) Classification as a financial liability or an equity instrument

 

Non-derivative financial instruments are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity instruments in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement.

 

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the amount of the proceeds received, net of direct issuing costs.

 

(2) Other financial liabilities

 

Other financial liabilities (credit, loans and accounts payable) are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs. Subsequent to the initial recognition loans are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The value of these financial liabilities is not materially different than their fair value other than the loans received from certain of the Company’s Shareholders. These loans were initially recorded at fair value and the remaining amount of cash received was classified as an equity instrument reflecting the favorable terms of these loans.

 

f. Leasing of real estate by the Company

 

Payments made under operating leases are recognized in the statement of income on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

 

F- 13

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 3 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):

 

g. Provisions

 

A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the group has a present legal or constructive obligation, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits, which can be estimated reliably, will be used to settle the obligation.

 

The amount recognized as a provision, reflects management's best estimate of the amount required in order to settle the obligation on the balance sheet date, whilst taking into account the risks and uncertainties connected with the obligation. When the provision is measured using the forecasted cash flows in order to settle the liability, the book value of the provision is the present value of the forecasted cash flows.

 

h. Share-based payments

 

Share-based payments to employees, directors and others that provide similar services, which are settled in equity instruments of the Group, are measured at fair value on the grant date. On the grant date, the Company measures the fair value of the granted equity instruments by using the Black and Scholes model.

 

If the equity instruments granted to them have not vested until these employees and directors have completed a defined period of service, have met performance conditions or defined market conditions are met, the Company recognizes the share-based payment transactions in its financial statements over the vesting period against an increase in its shareholders' equity, under "Capital reserves" in respect of share based payments.

 

At each balance sheet date, the Company estimates the number of equity instruments that are expected to vest. Any change in the estimate relative to previous periods is recognized in the income statement over the remaining vesting period.

 

i. Taxes on income

 

In view of losses for tax purposes accrued by the Company and given the fact that as of the reporting date there was no certainty as to the realization of these losses in the foreseeable future, the Company recognized deferred tax asset in respect of carry-forward losses only to the extent of deferred tax liability, see note 10.

 

j. Employee benefits:

 

(1) Defined contribution plans

 

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and has no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution pension plans are recognized as an expense in profit or loss in the periods during which related services are rendered by employees.

 

Contributions to a defined contribution plan that are due more than 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the service are discounted to their present value.

 

F- 14

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 3 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):

 

(2) Short-term employee benefits

 

Short-term employee benefits include wages, vacation days, sick leave, recreation and deposits with the National Insurance Institute of Israel, which are paid within one year of the period in which the employee provides the related service. These benefits are recognized as an expense upon the provision of services.

 

k. Research and development expenditures

 

Research expenditures are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income when incurred.

 

An intangible asset arising from development or from the development phase of an internal project is recognized if the Company can demonstrate the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale; the Company's intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it; the Company's ability to use or sell the intangible asset; how the intangible asset will generate future economic benefits; the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the intangible asset; and the Company's ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development.

 

As the Company does not meet the criteria aforementioned, development expenditures are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations when incurred.

 

l. Government grants

 

Government grants are recognized initially at fair value when there is reasonable assurance that they will be received and the Group will comply with the conditions associated with the grant.

 

Unconditional government grants are recognized when the Group is entitled to receive them. Grants that compensate the Group for expenses incurred are presented as a deduction from the corresponding expense.

 

Grants that compensate the Group for the cost of an asset are presented as a deduction from the related assets and are recognized in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.

 

Grants from the Chief Scientist in respect of research and development projects are accounted for as forgivable loans according to IAS 20. Grants received from the Chief Scientist are recognized as a liability according to their fair value on the date of their receipt, unless on that date it is reasonably certain that the amount received will not be refunded.

 

The amount of the liability is reexamined each period, and any changes in the present value of the cash flows discounted at the original interest rate of the grant are recognized in profit or loss. The difference between the amount received and the fair value on the date of receiving the grant is recognized as a deduction of research and development expenses.

 

F- 15

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 3 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):

 

m. Loss per share

 

The Company presents basic and diluted loss per share ("EPS") data for its ordinary shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares, which comprise share options granted to employees and others (See note 15).

 

n. Exchange rates and linkage basis:

 

(1) Balances in or linked to foreign currency are presented according to the representative exchange rate published by the Bank of Israel at the balance sheet date.

 

(2) Balances linked to the CPI are presented according to the CPI for the last month of the reporting period.

 

(3) Data in respect of changes in the CPI and the dollar's exchange rate are as presented as follows:

 

      The dollar     CPI in Israel  
      Exchange rate     Actual CPI     Known CPI  
      (NIS to 1 $)     Points     Points  
  Date of the financial statements                  
  As of December 31, 2016     3.845       112.6       112.6  
  As of December 31, 2015     3.902       112.9       112.8  

 

  Rate of change   Change in %  
  For the year ended December 31, 2016     (1.46 )     (0.20 )     (0.30 )
  For the year ended December 31, 2015     0.33       (1.0 )     (1.1 )
  For the year ended December 31, 2014     12.04       (0.2 )     (0.1 )

 

NOTE 4 - CREDITORS ARRANGMENT AND DISCONTINUED OPERATION

 

In 2013, the Company's board of directors has decided to cease the operation of the Y’bllin demonstration facility owned by EER, formerly a subsidiary of the Company that owned know-how and rights in the field of solid waste treatment. As of February 2015, the Company completed the evacuation from the Y’bllin facility, the sale of the systems and equipment and ceased all operations.

 

On April 2, 2015, following a creditor petition to the Tel Aviv District Court due to the financial and business condition of the Company, the Court appointed a temporary liquidator for the Company and its subsidiary.

 

On February 2, 2016, the Tel-Aviv District Court approved a creditors arrangement for the sale of the Company, free of any assets and liabilities (including the Company’s investment and ownership interest in EER) to new shareholders.

 

F- 16

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 4 - CREDITORS ARRANGMENT AND DISCONTINUED OPERATION (continued):

 

Upon the approval of the court the Company emerged from the liquidation status through the issuance of ordinary shares, which represented 99.9% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company to the new shareholders in consideration of NIS 600,000 (approximately $153 thousand) that were paid to the liquidator. The Company emerged from the liquidation free of any assets and liabilities, and any such assets and liabilities were removed from its statement of financial position, with the net amount of $954 thousand charged as a capital contribution by the new shareholders.

 

Pursuant to the arrangement, the following was agreed and executed: (1) cancelling the nominal value of the Company’s shares, such that the Company’s shares will not have any nominal value, (2) converting 71,923,175 non-tradable options to purchase ordinary share of the Company into 71,923,175 ordinary shares, no par value of the Company, (3) implementing a reverse split of the Company’s shares at a ratio of 30,465:1 (i.e., for each 30,465 shares of the Company, the shareholders of the Company will receive one (1) share), and (4) increasing the registrar share capital of the Company to 700,000,000 ordinary shares of the Company with no nominal value. The reverse split became effective on February 25, 2016.

 

Upon completion of the above, the Company issued to the purchasers of the Company 9,990,000 ordinary shares of the Company, which represented 99.9% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company. In May 2016, the Company started developing its Aviation Business and all prior activity was classified as discontinued operation.

 

NOTE 5 - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE:

 

      As of December 31,  
      2016     2015  
      $ in thousand  
               
  Government institutions     28       1  
  Prepaid expenses     7       -  
        35       1  

 

F- 17

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 6 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET:

 

      As of December 31,  
      2016     2015  
      $ in thousand  
  Cost:            
               
  Equipment, computers and systems     295       -  
  Leasehold improvements     36       -  
  Lab equipment     4       -  
  Office furniture     1       -  
        336       -  
  Accumulated depreciation:                
                   
  Equipment, computers and systems     30       -  
  Leasehold improvements     1       -  
  Lab equipment     -       -  
  Office furniture     -       -  
        31             -  
                   
  Depreciated cost     305       -  

 

NOTE 7 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS:

 

a. As of December 31, 2015 the total amount of loan received by the Company from its then shareholders including interest was NIS 3 million (approximately $772 thousand).

 

b. On November 30, 2015, Aviv Tzidon (hereinafter "Aviv") and Mr. Michael Ilan (beneficial owner of Magic Stones-Gemstone Import and marketing Ltd. (hereinafter "Magic Stones") entered on behalf of the Subsidiary in formation into an Administrative Services Agreement with Phinergy Ltd., a company also controlled by Aviv and Mr. Ilan - “the ASA”.

 

Pursuant to the ASA, Phinergy provides the Subsidiary with (i) administrative and general services, including secretarial and management services; (ii) human resource services; (iii) accounting and bookkeeping services; and (iv) office space and office services, including telephone, fax and data communications and cleaning services (the services described in (i) through (iv), collectively - the “Services”). In consideration for these Services, the Subsidiary is required to pay a monthly fee, calculated on the basis of the actual cost to Phinergy of providing the Services, derived as a percentage of the global costs paid for Phinergy for receiving such services for itself and the Subsidiary together. The amount recorded in 2016 in respect of the Service was approximately $711 thousand. The balance of related party as of December 31, 2016 represent the unpaid balance in respect of 2016 services.

 

c. On July 17, 2016, the Company's board of directors (the “Board”) approved the acquisition, assumption and acceptance by the Subsidiary of all of the assets acquired and obligations created by Aviv and Magic Stones on behalf of the Subsidiary, and the transfer to the Subsidiary of all of the contracts, licenses, material goods, intellectual property and expertise that had been acquired by the two shareholders for and on behalf of the Subsidiary prior to such date.  The transfer to the Subsidiary of all of aforesaid assets was made at their deemed acquisition cost of approximately $1.4 million representing arm's length price, pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption Agreement between each of the shareholders and the Subsidiary (the “Assignment and Assumption Agreement”). 

 

F- 18

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 7 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued):

 

The transfer of the assets and liabilities was deemed borrowed by the Subsidiary under the loan and security agreement (see note 10). The payment of $1.4 million includes certain expenses and in addition partial payments made in respect of the following assigned contracts:

 

On September 1, 2015, Aviv entered on behalf of the Subsidiary into a license and service agreement with Mr. John McGinnis, on behalf of himself and on behalf of his companies (collectively, “McGinnis”), for a worldwide exclusive license to a patent and know-how necessary for the completion and utilization of a flying electric Double Boxtail aircraft for use solely in the field of electric powered aircraft. The license will automatically become non-exclusive after three years from the termination of the agreement. As of December 31, 2016 , the Subsidiary paid US $700 thousand for the development and production of scaled demonstrators and additional development and production services relating to a full scale electric synergy prime aircraft.

 

According to the terms of the agreement, the Subsidiary will not be the owners of the physical embodiment of the full scale electric Synergy prime aircraft or its intellectual property.

 

In addition, the Subsidiary can select to continue to engage McGinnis for additional development projects in the future.

 

Due to a lack of progress in the development and supply of the model or the completion of the Synergy Prime Aircraft, the agreement has in effect been suspended, and could be reinstated in agreement between the parties in any stage.

 

On February 5, 2016, the Subsidiary (as entity that was then in formation) entered a “Memorandum of Understandings” with Laminar Research LLC (“Laminar MOU") for the development of an air traffic control algorithm and its implementation on subscale aircraft models. The Laminar MOU comprises several steps of development by Laminar, for a total payment by the Subsidiary of $180,000.

 

The Subsidiary receives an irrevocable, royalty-free license for a limited number of copies of the finished software products. As of December 31, 2016, out of the $180,000 the Company paid $135,000 and the remaining $45,000 is pending completion of stage 4 as defined in the agreement to the satisfaction of the Company.

 

d. In July 2016, the Subsidiary acquired from Eye Point Ltd., a company owned by one of the Company's shareholders, Mr. Dekel Tzidon, all rights under US patent No. 8,314,928 (the “Eye Point Patent”) for a total amount of $38,000. The Eye Point Patent will expire on November 12, 2026. This patent allowed the Company to develop conceptual design of an auto-landing system.

 

F- 19

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 8 - ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUALS:

 

Composed as follows:

 

      As of December 31,  
      2016     2015  
      $ in thousand  
               
  Employees and institutions in respect of payroll (*)     75       -  
  Accrued Interest     35       -  
  Accrued expenses     23       -  
        133       -  
 

 

(*) See also note 11.

 

NOTE 9 - LIABILITIES OF A SUBSIDIARY HELD FOR SALE:

 

a. EER liabilities are presented as held for sale following the decision of the temporary liquidator to sell EER’s assets as part of the liquidation process. At December 31, 2015 the disposal group comprised of liabilities only, in the total amount of $159 thousand, which comprises of accrued management fees to a related party in the amount of $138 thousand, trade payables in the amount of $7 thousand and liabilities to employees and institutions in respect of payroll in the amount of $14 thousand.

 

Following the approval of the Tel-Aviv District Court on February 2 2016, the Company emerged from the liquidation free of any assets and liabilities, and any such assets and liabilities were removed from its statement of financial position, with the net amount charged as a capital contribution by the new shareholders.

 

b. The Company does not have any income and expenses that were recognized directly in other comprehensive income and relate to non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale.

 

NOTE 10 - SHAREHOLDERS LOAN

 

On July 17, 2016, the Company entered a loan and security agreement with two of its shareholders Aviv and Magic Stones pursuant to which they loaned a total of $500 thousand to the Company for a period of seven years.

 

As security for such loan, the Company granted to Aviv and Magic Stones a specific lien and security interest on all of the shares of the Subsidiary held by the Company. The proceeds of the loan are to be used for funding the on-going operations of the Company.

 

Additionally, on the same date the Subsidiary entered a loan and security agreement with the same shareholders pursuant to which they granted the Subsidiary a credit facility of up to $4.5 million for a period of seven years. As security for amounts owing under the credit facility, the Subsidiary granted to these shareholders a floating lien and charge on all of the assets of the Subsidiary, and a specific charge on all of the intellectual property rights owned or hereafter acquired by the Subsidiary.

 

Both loans accrue interest at an annual interest rate equal to the lower of 3.2% per annum, and the minimum rate required by the Israeli tax law to avoid the imputing of tax (2016 -2.56%). Accrued interest is payable annually.

 

F- 20

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 10 - SHAREHOLDERS LOAN (continued):

 

As of December 31, 2016 the Company and the Subsidiary received $500 thousand and approximately $2.4 million, respectively, and the accrued interest amount on both loans is approximately $35 thousand. On April 19, 2017 the Subsidiary received additional of approximately $273 thousand.

 

The fair value of the shareholders loan was initially measured in the amount of $570 thousand and classified under category Level III. An amount of $1,842 thousand (net of $553 thousand of taxes) was attributed as shareholders equity in respect of the favorable interest rate provided to the Company by its shareholders. The deferred tax liability created with respect of the loan was offset against deferred tax asset created with respect of the Group’s carried forward losses. 

 

The loan was valued as contingent claim on the Company's assets, the inputs used in the determination of fair value required significant management judgment or estimation, these inputs considered the implied value of the Company’s assets based on the Company's shareholders loan which reflects all the investments made in the Company as of that day, resulting with an implied annual interest rate of 34%.

 

The fair value of the shareholders loan as of December 31,2016 was $602 thousand .

 

NOTE 11 - POST- EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS

 

Plans in respect of severance pay

 

The Severance Pay Law in Israel requires the Company and its subsidiaries to pay severance pay upon dismissal of an employee or upon termination of employment in other certain circumstances. In principle, the Severance Pay Law in Israel stipulates that the severance pay amount equals the employee's last salary multiplied by the amount of years in which the employee was employed.

 

The Group applies Section 14 of the Israeli Severance Pay Act of, 1963 , to most of its employees pursuant to which it is exempt from any severance pay liability, subject to it making certain monthly allocations to employees' pension plans. The Group will not have a legal or constructive obligation to make additional payments if the plan does not have sufficient assets to pay the entire employee benefits relating to the employee's service during the current period and in previous periods.

 

NOTE 12 - INCOME TAX:

 

a. Taxable income of Israeli companies is subject to tax at the rate of 26.5% in 2014 and 2015, and 25% in 2016.

 

On January 4, 2016, the Israeli Parliament's Plenum approved by a second and third reading the Bill for Amending the Income Tax Ordinance (No. 217) (Reduction of Corporate Tax Rate), 2015, which consists of the reduction of the corporate tax rate from 26.5% to 25%, starting January 1, 2016.

 

F- 21

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 12 - INCOME TAX (continued):

 

On December 22, 2016, the Israeli Parliament's Plenum approved by a second and third reading the Economic Efficiency Law (Legislative Adjustments for Achieving Budget Objectives in the years 2017 and 2018) - 2016, by which, inter alia, the corporate tax rate would be reduced from 25% to 23% in two steps. The first step will be to a rate of 24% as from January 2017 and the second step will be to a rate of 23% as from January 2018.

 

b. The Company received final tax assessments (including assessments considered as final) through to the tax year 2012.

 

c. As at December 31, 2016 the Company has carried forward tax losses in the amount of approximately NIS 117 million (approximately $30 million). Its Subsidiary has carried forwards losses in the amount of NIS 7.6 million (approximately $2 million).

 

d. Deferred taxes are calculated according to the tax rate anticipated to be in effect on the date of reversal. See note 10 regarding the deferred taxes created in 2016.

 

NOTE 13 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTIGENT LIABILITIES:

 

a. Commitments:

 

(1) Lease agreements

 

The Company sub leased office space from related party. The lease period commenced on December 1, 2015 for two months with 6 option periods of 12 months each that will be exercised automatically unless the Company will provide a 90 days early termination notice before the end of each year lease period. The minimum rentals payable under non-cancellable lease agreement as of December 31, 2016, amount approximately $33 thousand.

 

On January 9, 2017 the Company signed additional lease agreement with another related party who is the owner of the same building in which the Company sub leased the office in 2015 for additional office space and parking spots. The lease period commenced on January 1, 2017 for one year with an option to extend the lease period for up to additional 6 years. The contract is renewed automatically unless the Company provide a 90 days early termination notice before the end of each year lease period.

 

( 2) OCS

 

On December 18, 2016, the Subsidiary signed a Support and Investment Agreement with the Office of the Chief Scientist of the Ministry of National Infrastructures, Energy, Water and Resources of Israel under the pilot and demonstration project. Under the agreement, the Company will develop passenger's electric aircraft. The plan will be performed during 24 months commencing on January 1, 2017. The Subsidiary is entitled to receive up to 50% of the actual costs and up to NIS 3 million (approximately $780 thousand). As a security, the Subsidiary provided a bank guarantee in the amount of NIS 225 thousand that will be effective until 3 months after the end of the project.

 

F- 22

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 13 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTIGENT LIABILITIES (continued):

 

The Subsidiary has recorded a lien on a bank deposit in the same amount in favor of the bank providing the guarantee. According to the agreement, the Subsidiary will be required to pay royalties in an amount of 5% on sales of products and services derived from a technology developed using these grants until 100% of the CPI-linked grant plus an interest rate determined by the general accountant at the Israeli Ministry of Finance office is repaid. On February 27, 2017, the Subsidiary received NIS 150 thousand (approximately $40 thousand) as advance.

 

b. Contingent liabilities:

 

Legal Proceedings

 

On December 31,2014, a shareholder filed a preliminary motion regarding the disclosure of documents before filing a motion to permit him to file a derivative action against the Company.

 

On May 13, 2015 following a petition of the Temporary Liquidator, the Tel Aviv District Court, Economic Division, ordered a stay for such proceeding due to the appointment of a Temporary Liquidator and instructed the court clerk to close the file. As of the date of this report the file is closed.

 

NOTE 14 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:

 

a. As discussed in Note 4, on February 2, 2016, the Company:

 

(1) canceled the nominal value of the Company’s shares, such that the Company’s shares will not have any nominal value,
(2) convert 71,923,175 non-tradable options to purchase ordinary share of the Company into 71,923,175 ordinary shares of the Company,
(3) conduct a reverse split of the Company’s shares at a ratio of 30,465:1 (i.e., for each 30,465 shares of the Company, the shareholders of the Company will receive one (1) share), which reverse split became effective on February 25, 2016 and
  (4) increase the share capital of the Company to 700,000,000 ordinary shares of the Company with no par value.

 

b. The authorized ordinary shares of the Company as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was 700,000,000 and 13,130 shares.

 

The issued and outstanding ordinary shares of the Company as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was 10,000,000 and 7,639 shares.

 

The holders of ordinary shares are entitled to receive dividends and are entitled to one vote per share at general meetings of the Company.

 

c. Share-based compensation

 

All options granted under the “2011 plan” were transferred to the temporary liquidator as part of the liquidation. In February 2016, the options were canceled as part of the sale of the Company to the new shareholders as described in note 4 above.

 

F- 23

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 14 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (continued):

 

On July 17, 2016, the board of directors approved the adoption of the "2016 Equity Incentive Plan" ("Incentive Plan") and approved to reserve 1,000,000 ordinary shares (no par value) for issuance to employees, officers, directors, consultants and certain other service providers of the Company and the Company's affiliates. In October 15, 2016, the Company granted options to purchase 37,500 ordinary shares of the Company to each of the Company's director (262,500 options in total) at an exercise price of $1.00 per share.

 

The options have contractual life of 10 years and shall vest in four annual installments from July 17, 2016 (the vesting commencement date) as follows: 10,000 options on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the vesting commencement date, 7,500 on the fourth anniversary of the vesting commencement date, so that four (4) years following the vesting commencement date, all options will be fully vested and exercisable, subject to option holder’s continuing to be a director of the Company or any affiliate thereof through such dates.

 

Notwithstanding the above, the vesting of the options may accelerate so that all shares subject to the option will be fully vested and exercisable immediately prior to the occurrence of any of the following corporate transaction: (i) A merger, acquisition, reorganization or consolidation in which the Company is not the surviving entity; (ii) The sale, transfer, exchange or other disposition of all or substantially all of the shares or assets of the Company.

 

The fair value of employee share options is measured using the Black-Scholes formula. Measurement inputs include the share price on the measurement date, the exercise price of the instrument, expected volatility for companies in similar stage of development, expected dividends, and the risk-free interest rate (based on US dollar government debentures). Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account in determining fair value.

 

The parameters used in the measurement of the fair value at the grant date of the options described above, are a share price of $0.24, an exercise price of US$1 per share, expected volatility of 100%, the expected term of the option of 5.5-7 -years and a risk-free interest of between 1.36% and 1.58%.

 

The Company recorded amount of approximately $9 thousand as cost of share based payment compensation in 2016.

 

F- 24

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 15 - LOSS PER ORDINARY SHARE:

 

The following table summarizes information related to the computation of basic and diluted loss per ordinary share for the years indicated:

 

      Year ended December 31,  
      2016     2015     2014  
      $ thousand  
  Loss attributable to ordinary shares     1,688       201       1,316  

  

      Shares  
  Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in basic and diluted loss per ordinary share calculation     8,494,658       7,605       7,605  

 

      $  
  Continued operations (in $)                  
     Basic and diluted loss per ordinary share     0.20       -       -  
  Discontinued operation (in $)                        
     Basic and diluted loss per ordinary share     -       26.43       173.04  

 

In the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 the Company potential dilutive shares, such as stock options were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect of including these shares in the calculation would have been anti-dilutive. In the year ended December 31, 2016 262,500 potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to ordinary shares because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the period.

 

NOTE 16 - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES:

 

     

Year ended

December 31,

 
      2016     2015  
      $ in thousand  
               
  Payroll     505       -  
  Materials and subcontractors     1,224       -  
  Rent and office maintenance     46       -  
  Depreciation     31       -  
  Other     23       -  
        1,829       -  

 

F- 25

 

EVIATION AIRCRAFT LTD.

(Formerly R.V.B Holdings Ltd.)

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 17 - MARKETING, ADMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL EXPENSES:

 

     

Year ended

December 31,

 
      2016     2015  
      $ in thousand  
               
  Payroll     9       -  
  Professional fees     244       -  
  Travels     33       -  
  Director fees*     22       -  
  Insurance     22       -  
  Other     11       -  
        341       -  

 

*   Including share based compensation expenses.

 

NOTE 18 - FINANCIAL INCOME (EXPENSES), NET:

 

     

Year ended

December 31,

 
      2016     2015  
      $ in thousand  
  Financial income:            
  Exchange rate differences     (22 )     -  
        (22 )     -  
                   
  Financial expenses:                
  Exchange rate differences     9       -  
  Interest on Shareholders loans     82       -  
  Bank fees     2       -  
        93       -  
                   
  Financial expenses, net     71       -  

 

 

F-26

 

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