TIDMLIB

RNS Number : 7584J

Libertine Holdings PLC

15 December 2022

15 December 2022

Libertine Holdings PLC

("Libertine" the "Company" or the "Group")

Half year results for the six months ended 30 September 2022

Libertine Holdings PLC (LSE AIM: LIB), a developer of clean, highly efficient, and fuel-flexible Linear Generator products, today announces its half year results for the six months ended 30 September 2022 following Admission to AIM in December 2021.

Highlights

   --    Delivered GBP0.6m (H1 FY2021/22: GBP0.1m) of commercial revenues in the period. 

-- In December 2022, following initial test results in line with performance expectations, Libertine has despatched a number of systems to customer and strategic partner sites for system integration and performance validation testing from Q1 2023.

-- Libertine's LGN120-P1 performance validation prototype linear generator for heavy duty powertrain applications is currently at MAHLE Powertrain to demonstrate clean combustion of hydrogen and fuel flexibility to use Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).

-- Agreement of the novation of its Master Consultancy Services Agreement with the General Electric Company (NYSE: GE) to Hyliion Holdings Corp. (NYSE: HYLN). Hyliion has engaged Libertine to support the development of the electrical linear generator for the KARNO generator, to be deployed in Hyliion's Hypertruck powertrain platform.

-- Partnership with Italian engine developer OFFICINA MOTO ITALIA to create downsized, power dense Linear Generator products using renewable fuels.

-- Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) entered into with Ashok Leyland to evaluate the use of Libertine's technology platform for its commercial vehicle powertrains.

-- Investment in core technology development increased in-line with IPO plans, and continued strengthening of our team including the appointment of Peter Wright as an independent Non-Executive Director and Dr. Mohammad Naji as full-time Business Development Officer.

-- Award of London Stock Exchange's Green Economy Mark, recognising our contribution to the transition to Net Zero and the essential role of our technology in the decarbonisation of 'hard to electrify' transport applications.

Outlook

Libertine has continued to deliver engineering services to customers across Europe and the US, with increasing engagement with prospective OEM clients and manufacturing partners in the UK, US, Europe and India.

Libertine remains focused on securing long-term relationships with Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), manufacturing and strategic development partners, and supporting OEM development programmes via engineering services ahead of licensing our technology for high volume manufacture.

Having completed the manufacture of performance validation prototype hardware on two separate programmes, we look forward to demonstrating the performance of linear generators in the test cells of our customers and strategic partners.

Sam Cockerill, Chief Executive of Libertine, commented:

"We are pleased to have delivered continued technical progress in the period with the completion of performance validation prototypes on two separate programmes. We are excited about demonstrating the performance benefits and bringing our technology to market."

"Over the period, we have continued to deliver on our commercial contracts, invest in our technology platform, strengthen our team and enhance our relationships with OEMs and strategic partners. We look forward to providing further updates on commercial and technical progress over the coming months."

Half year results presentation

Sam Cockerill, Chief Executive Officer, and Gareth Hague, Chief Financial Officer, will be hosting an Investor Meet Company presentation at 2:00pm (UK time) on 15 December 2022. Please sign up via the following link:

https://www.investormeetcompany.com/libertine-holdings-plc/register-investor .

For more information, please visit www.libertine.co.uk or contact:

 
Libertine Holdings PLC                     via Tavistock 
Sam Cockerill, Chief Executive Officer 
Gareth Hague, Chief Financial Officer 
 
 
Panmure Gordon (NOMAD and Broker)          +44 20 7886 2500 
John Prior 
Dougie McLeod 
Hugh Rich (Corporate Broking) 
 
Tavistock (Public Relations and Investor 
 Relations)                                +44 207 920 3150 
Simon Hudson                               libertine @tavistock.co.uk 
Rebecca Hislaire 
Charles Baister 
 

Notes to editors

Founded in 2009, Libertine has developed a technology platform solution for powertrain Original Equipment Manufacturers ("OEMs"), enabling efficient and clean power generation from renewable fuels. Libertine was admitted to trading on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange in December 2021. Libertine's linear electrical machines, controls and developer tools together form a technology platform (intelliGEN(TM)) which the Company provides to customers for the development of clean, highly efficient and fuel-flexible Linear Generator products. The platform is a result of over a decade of development of Linear Generator technology with multiple successful client-led programmes.

The potential market for Linear Generator products goes well beyond the distributed power generation applications where Linear Generators are already in commercial use today, complementing intermittent renewable power with clean, on-demand power generation. Linear Generators also have the potential to complement battery electrification in hybrid powertrains as range extenders, addressing the practical and economic barriers to rapid adoption of clean electric propulsion using battery electric powertrain technology alone. Linear Generator products using Libertine's technology could work alongside battery electrification in a wide range of hybrid systems including:

   --    Heavy-duty hybrid powertrains of trucks, buses, tractors, construction and mining equipment; 

-- Medium and light-duty hybrid powertrains of commercial vehicles operating over longer distances;

-- A proportion of the passenger automotive market where vehicle use and recharging constraints are a barrier to battery electrification; and

   --    A wide range of off-grid, portable power and distributed power generation applications. 

Libertine receives engineering fees by providing its linear e-machine hardware, controls and developer tools into OEM client product development programmes, and seeks to license its technology for volume production. Working with OEMs from an early stage in the development cycle ensures Libertine's technology is effectively integrated into OEM products, maximising the performance and economic benefits provided by Libertine's platform technology. Libertine has developed a portfolio of over 30 granted patents in addition to a significant body of technical know-how developed since the company's formation in 2009. The Company's senior management team and board includes executives with decades of deep technical experience in the automotive and energy industries.

Chief Executive's Statement

I am pleased to report on our strategic progress and business performance for the six months ended 30 September 2022. Since our fundraising and listing on the London Stock Exchange's AIM market in December 2021, we have continued to invest for growth and support the adoption and use of Libertine's technology by our OEM customers and strategic development partners.

We are pleased to have completed the manufacture of performance validation prototypes on two separate programmes and look forward to demonstrating the performance of linear generators in Q4 of FY2022/23.

Our mission is to bring forward the widespread use of Linear Generators in transport and distributed power applications.

Business Overview

Manufacturers of heavy-duty commercial vehicles have pledged to go "fossil free" by 2040 through a combination of powertrain technologies that include battery electrification, green hydrogen, renewable biofuels and synthetic low carbon "e-fuels". Achieving this will require the rapid deployment of fossil fuel-free capable trucks by 2030; however, this can only happen if there is large demand from transport operators based on the use case economics for such trucks.

Battery electrification is not a universal solution to the problem of decarbonising transport. A number of significant economic barriers prevent trucks powered solely by battery electric powertrain technology from achieving decarbonisation of the heavy goods transport industry, including:

-- reduced payload, due to the size and weight of batteries required;

-- unproductive miles and hours, to charge the batteries;

-- few charging points, creating uncertainty for truck operators and the need for off-route miles; and

-- higher vehicle costs, predominantly due to the battery costs.

Libertine has developed a Linear Generator technology platform which has the potential to complement battery electrification within hybrid powertrains, addressing a number of the significant economic barriers set out above. Linear Generators are already in commercial use in distributed power generation applications today, displacing diesel generators due to their favourable operating economics compared to conventional internal combustion engine generators. Libertine's technology will help meet the global need for clean, reliable and affordable transport and electrical power wherever it is needed, transforming the lives of millions of people.

Strategic Priorities

During the period, Libertine has developed and hardened its technology platform and completed the manufacture and delivery of performance validation prototype linear generators on two separate programmes. These systems are in the process of being integrated into customer / partner products, ahead of further testing.

Additional grant funding was awarded during the period to support further development of LGN120, including fuel system adaptations to demonstrate a key differentiator of Linear Generator technology: fuel flexibility. Planned modifications to LGN120 will allow it to run on blends of hydrogen and CNG, and this fuel flexibility has the potential to accelerate the global adoption of such powertrains in advance of the widespread deployment of hydrogen refuelling infrastructure. We look forward to demonstrating this capability during combustion testing at MAHLE Powertrain in Q4 of FY2022/23.

In September 2022, Libertine agreed to the novation of its Master Consultancy Services Agreement with the General Electric Company to Hyliion Holdings Corp.. Hyliion has engaged Libertine to support the development of the electrical linear generator for the KARNO generator, to be deployed in Hyliion's Hypertruck powertrain platform.

Market Overview

The addressable market for Linear Generators is significant, including over twelve million heavy duty and light duty commercial vehicles, and more than one million distributed power generator sets for energy storage, off-grid and waste-to-energy applications. Libertine's technology platform is scalable across multiple market segments, covering applications from 5-150 kilowatts of electrical power.

During the period, Libertine has completed the manufacture and testing of performance validation prototypes for two separate applications, demonstrating the scalability of our technology platform. We have also experienced increased commercial interest across the range of applications that our technology platform can serve.

Financial Performance

During the period the Group delivered GBP0.87m of commercial revenue and grant income. The business has continued to deliver operational milestones across revenue and grant contracts and is gaining commercial traction and increased interest from OEMs.

Grant income of GBP0.22m in the period was in relation to further development of the LGN120 performance validation prototype for heavy duty powertrains. The manufacture and pre-acceptance testing on this project has been completed and the system is in the test cell of our strategic partner, MAHLE Powertrain, ahead of combustion testing.

Commercial revenues of GBP0.65m were delivered through the on-going work with GE/Hyliion on project KARNO.

In line with the plans set out at IPO, investment in core technology development increased during the period to GBP0.7m (FY2021/22: GBP0.2m). The focus of development for the period has been on hardening the LGN-120 platform and our partnership with OFFICINA MOTO ITALIA for the creation of downsized, power dense linear generator products.

As of 30 September 2022, the Group had cash reserves of GBP4.8m.

Outlook

Libertine has continued to deliver engineering services to customers across Europe and the US, with increasing engagement with prospective OEM clients and manufacturing partners in the UK, US, Europe and India.

Libertine remains focused on securing long-term relationships with OEMs, manufacturing and strategic development partners, and supporting OEM development programmes via engineering services ahead of licensing our technology for high volume manufacture.

Having completed the manufacture of performance validation prototype hardware on two separate programmes, we look forward to demonstrating the performance of linear generators in the test cells of our customers and strategic partners, and bringing our technology to market.

Financial Review

HY2022/23 has seen Libertine convert commercial traction into the delivery of income milestones through our ongoing project with GE/Hyliion. The funds raised at IPO have allowed the business to accelerate its investment, as planned, in core technical development and people, to create a sustainable business model and realise strong growth prospects.

We remain committed to delivering on our current customer programmes and supporting the integration of our technology platform into the products of our customers.

Financial Performance

 
                        HY2022/23   HY2021/22 
                           GBPm        GBPm 
---------------------  ----------  ---------- 
 Commercial revenue        0.7         0.1 
 Grant income              0.2         1.0 
                       ----------  ---------- 
 Total income              0.9         1.1 
 
 Cost of sales            (0.8)       (0.9) 
 Admin expenses           (1.8)       (0.6) 
 Adjusted EBITDA          (1.7)       (0.4) 
 
 Depreciation             (0.1)         - 
 Net interest charge        -         (0.1) 
                       ----------  ---------- 
 Loss before tax          (1.8)       (0.5) 
 
 Taxation                  0.1         0.0 
                       ----------  ---------- 
 Loss after tax           (1.7)       (0.5) 
                       ----------  ---------- 
 

Revenues and Grant Income

Most of the commercial revenue in the period came from the engineering development with GE (now Hyliion), on the first phase of our joint development agreement. This programme is continuing into the second half of FY2022/23.

Grant income in the period related to the additional grant funding to support further development with MAHLE Powertrain, including fuel system adaptations to demonstrate hydrogen and compressed natural gas ("CNG") fuel flexibility.

Operating Expenses

Administrative expenses increased in the period, because of investment into our technology and engineering teams, as well as incremental costs as a result of the IPO, such as professional fees and insurance costs. As planned, we have continued to invest in our engineering and technology teams to support customer programmes and the technology roadmap.

Adjusted EBITDA

The Adjusted EBITDA loss of GBP1.7m (HY2021/22: GBP0.4m) increased on the prior year as a result of planned investment in engineering delivery and core technical development, post the IPO fund raising.

Taxation

The tax credit for the period relates to research and development tax credits. No corporation tax charge has been incurred in the period as a result of the losses before taxation. The Group had GBP3.4m of unutilised tax losses as at 31 March 2022.

Cash

The Group end of period cash balance for HY2022/23 was GBP4.8m (HY2021/22: GBP0.4m). The Group raised GBP9.0m with the IPO in December, before GBP1.5m of share issue and Listing costs. The net change in the cash position is detailed in the Statement of Cash Flows.

Accounting policies

The consolidated financial information has been prepared consistently in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.

Going Concern

The Directors have undertaken a comprehensive assessment to consider the Group and the Company's ability to trade as a going concern for a period of twelve months from the date of approving the Interim Statement.

The Directors have robustly tested the going concern assumption in preparing the Interim Statement, taking into account the Group's liquidity position as at 30 September 2022 and a number of severe but plausible downside scenarios, which collectively would be considered remote, and remain satisfied that the going concern basis of preparation in the Interim Statement is appropriate.

On the basis of the Group's current financial position and forecast cash flows, the Directors consider and have concluded that the Group and Company will have adequate resources to continue in operational existence for at least the next twelve months from the date of approving the financial statements. Accordingly, they continue to adopt a going concern basis in the preparation of the Interim Statement.

Interim Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

for the six months ended 30 September 2022

 
                                                  Six months  Six months 
                                                    ended 30    ended 30 
                                                   September   September 
                                                        2022        2021 
                                            Note     GBP'000     GBP'000 
 
Revenue                                      4           648          64 
 
Cost of sales                                          (617)        (60) 
 
Gross profit                                              31           4 
 
Other operating income                       5           220         983 
Administrative expenses                              (2,010)     (1,392) 
 
Loss from operations                                 (1,759)       (405) 
 
Finance income                               8             -           7 
Finance expense                              8             -        (74) 
 
Loss before taxation                                 (1,759)       (472) 
 
Taxation                                     9            75           - 
 
Loss for the year and total comprehensive 
 loss for the year attributable to the 
 owners of the company                               (1,684)       (472) 
                                                  ----------  ---------- 
 
Basic and diluted earnings per share 
 (pence)                                     10       (1.2p)      (0.6p) 
 

The above results were derived from continuing operations.

There are no items of comprehensive income other than the loss for the period and therefore, no statement of other comprehensive income is presented.

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements.

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

as at 30 September 2022

 
                                                            Unaudited    Audited 
                                                Unaudited    As at 30   As at 31 
                                       As at 30 September   September      March 
                                                     2022        2021       2022 
                                Note              GBP'000     GBP'000    GBP'000 
ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Property, plant and equipment                          97          17         54 
Right-of-use assets                                     3          35         19 
                                                      100          52         73 
                                      -------------------  ----------  --------- 
 
Current assets 
Inventory                                             272           -        107 
Trade and other receivables      11                 1,425         776      1,192 
Corporation tax receivable                            278           -        128 
Cash and cash equivalents                           4,813         385      6,697 
                                                    6,788       1,161      8,124 
                                      -------------------  ----------  --------- 
 
Total assets                                        6,888       1,213      8,197 
                                      -------------------  ----------  --------- 
 
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 
Capital and reserves 
Issued capital                   14                   139           -        139 
Share premium account            15                10,422           -     10,414 
Merger reserve                                      3,401       3,483      3,401 
Share option reserve                                  351         100        351 
Accumulated losses                                (8,840)     (4,406)    (7,156) 
                                      -------------------  ----------  --------- 
Total equity                                        5,473       (823)      7,149 
                                      -------------------  ----------  --------- 
 
LIABILITIES 
Non-current liabilities 
Borrowings                       13                     -         767          - 
Lease liability, non-current                            -           -          - 
                                      -------------------  ----------  --------- 
                                                        -         767          - 
                                      -------------------  ----------  --------- 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables         12                 1,103         417        886 
Deferred income                                       312         822        150 
Lease liability, current                                -          30         12 
                                      -------------------  ----------  --------- 
                                                    1,415       1,269      1,048 
                                      -------------------  ----------  --------- 
 
Total liabilities                                   1,415       2,036      1,048 
                                      -------------------  ----------  --------- 
 
Total Equity and Liabilities                        6,888       1,213      8,197 
                                      -------------------  ----------  --------- 
 
 

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements.

Interim Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

for the six months ended 30 September 2022

 
                         Issued  Share premium    Merger  Share option  Accumulated 
                        capital        account   reserve       reserve       losses    Total 
                        GBP'000        GBP'000   GBP'000       GBP'000      GBP'000  GBP'000 
 
Balance as at 1 
 April 2021                   -              -     3,483            80      (3,934)    (371) 
 
Total comprehensive 
 loss for the period          -              -         -             -        (472)    (472) 
Share option charge           -              -         -            20            -       20 
 
As at 30 September 
 2021 (Unaudited)             -              -     3,483           100      (4,406)    (823) 
                       --------  -------------  --------  ------------  -----------  ------- 
 
Total comprehensive 
 loss for the period          -              -         -             -      (2,750)  (2,750) 
Share for share 
 exchange                    82              -      (82)             -            -        - 
Issue of shares              57         11,094         -             -            -   11,151 
Share issue costs             -          (680)         -             -            -    (680) 
Share option charge           -              -         -           251            -      251 
 
As at 31 March 2022         139         10,414     3,401           351      (7,156)    7,149 
                       --------  -------------  --------  ------------  -----------  ------- 
 
Total comprehensive 
 loss for the period          -              -         -             -      (1,684)  (1,684) 
Issue of shares               -              8         -             -            -        8 
As at 30 September 
 2022 
 (Unaudited)                139         10,422     3,401           351      (8,840)    5,473 
                       --------  -------------  --------  ------------  -----------  ------- 
 
 

Issued capital and share premium account reflect the shares issued by the Company to date.

The merger reserve represents a reserve arising on consolidation, as a result of accounting for the share for share exchange in December 2021.

Share option reserve relates to the cumulative charges for share options.

Accumulated losses reflects the cumulative comprehensive losses of the Company.

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

for the six months ended 30 September 2022

 
                                                  Six months  Six months 
                                                    ended 30    ended 30 
                                                   September   September 
                                                        2022        2021 
                                                     GBP'000     GBP'000 
Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss after tax for the year                          (1,684)       (472) 
Adjustments for: 
 Tax credits received                                      -         111 
 Depreciation of property, plant & 
  equipment                                               14           5 
 Depreciation of right-of-use asset                       16          16 
 Share option charge                                       -          20 
 Finance expense                                           -          74 
 Finance income                                            -         (7) 
 
Changes in working capital: 
 Increase in inventories                               (166)           - 
 Increase in trade and other receivables               (383)          21 
 Increase in trade and other payables                    379         361 
                                                  ----------  ---------- 
Net cash (used in) / generated from operating 
 activities                                          (1,824)         129 
                                                  ----------  ---------- 
 
Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment               (56)        (12) 
Finance income received                                    -           6 
Net cash used in investing activities                   (56)         (6) 
                                                  ----------  ---------- 
 
Cash flows from financing activities 
Payment of lease liabilities                            (12)        (17) 
Share issue (net of issue costs)                           8           - 
 Interest paid                                             -         (1) 
 
Net cash used in financing activities                    (4)        (18) 
                                                  ----------  ---------- 
 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents              (1,884)         105 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning 
 of the year                                           6,697         280 
                                                              ---------- 
Cash and cash equivalents at the end 
 of the year                                           4,813         385 
                                                  ----------  ---------- 
 

Notes

   1.    General information and basis of preparation 

Libertine Holdings PLC ("Libertine" or the "Company") is a company incorporated and domiciled in the United Kingdom (registered number 13724783). The Company was incorporated on 5 November 2021 and is a public company limited by shares registered in England and Wales. The address of the Company's registered office is 1 Coborn Avenue, Tinsley, Sheffield, S9 1DA.

The principal activity of the Company is that of investment holding. The principal activity of the Group is the development of linear electrical machines.

The Interim Statement should be read in conjunction with the Company's last annual consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended 31 March 2022.

On 7 December 2021, the Company entered into agreements with all of the shareholders of Libertine FPE Limited for a share for share exchange regarding the Ordinary Shares in Libertine Holdings PLC and Ordinary Shares in Libertine FPE Limited. As a result of this transaction, the ultimate shareholders in the Company received shares in Libertine Holdings PLC in direct proportion to their original shareholding in Libertine FPE Limited.

The transaction was accounted for as a capital reorganisation rather than a reverse acquisition since it did not meet the definition of a business combination under IFRS 3. In a capital reorganisation, the consolidated financial statements of the Group reflect the predecessor carrying amounts of Libertine FPE Limited with comparative information of Libertine FPE Limited presented for all periods since no substantive economic changes have occurred.

The Interim Financial Statement has been prepared in accordance with UK adopted international accounting standards and UK Companies Act 2006.

The financial information for the period ended 30 September 2022 and the period ended 30 September 2021 is unaudited. The comparative financial information for the period ended 31 March 2022 in this interim report does not constitute statutory accounts for that period under 435 of the Companies Act 2006.

   2.    Going Concern 

The Interim Statement has been prepared on a going concern basis.

The Board has concluded that it is appropriate to adopt the going concern basis, having undertaken a rigorous review of financial forecasts and available resources, including funds raised through the listing process.

The Directors have prepared cash flow forecasts for the Group covering at least the twelve-month period from the date of approving the interim statement, which indicate that, taking account of severe but plausible downside scenarios, the Group and the Company will have sufficient funds to meet its liabilities as they fall due for that period.

On the basis of the forecast cash flows, taking into account the funds raised through the listing process, the Directors consider and have concluded that the Group will have adequate resources to continue in operational existence for at least twelve months from the date of approving the Interim Statement. For these reasons they have prepared the Interim Statement on a going concern basis.

   3.    Accounting policies 

The principal accounting policies adopted in preparation of the Interim Statement of the Group have been applied consistently to all period presented.

   4.    Revenue 

Revenue arises from:

 
                   Six months   Six months 
                     ended 30     ended 30 
                    September    September 
                         2022         2021 
                      GBP'000      GBP'000 
 
 North America            642           64 
 EMEA                       6            - 
                          648           64 
                  -----------  ----------- 
 

In the period ended 30 September 2022, one customer generated more than 10% of total revenue (30 September 2021: two).

Revenue by category:

 
                          Six months   Six months 
                            ended 30     ended 30 
                           September    September 
                                2022         2021 
                             GBP'000      GBP'000 
 
 Engineering Services            648           64 
                                 648           64 
                         -----------  ----------- 
 

The table below shows how much revenue recognised in the current year relates to carried forward contract liabilities and unsatisfied performance obligations resulting from the long-term contract with customers:

 
                                                      Six months   Six months 
                                                        ended 30     ended 30 
                                                       September    September 
                                                            2022         2021 
                                                         GBP'000      GBP'000 
 
 Grant income recognised that was included 
  in the contract liability balance at the 
  beginning of the year                                        -          383 
 Aggregated amount of transaction price                        -            - 
  allocated to unsatisfied performance obligation 
  during in the year 
                                                    ------------  ----------- 
 
   5.    Other Operating Income 

Other operating income by category:

 
                  Six months   Six months 
                    ended 30     ended 30 
                   September    September 
                        2022         2021 
                     GBP'000      GBP'000 
 
 Grant income            220          983 
 
                         220          983 
                 -----------  ----------- 
 

Government Grants

Grant income relates to government grant schemes aimed at supporting industrial research and development to bring new products and technologies to market and support the long-term sustainable growth of businesses. The Group enters into grant schemes to provide funding towards the further development of its technology platform.

   6.    Operating segments 

IFRS 8 requires that operating segments be identified on the basis of internal reporting and decision-making. The Company is operated as one business by its executive team, with key decisions being taken by the same leaders irrespective of the geography where work for clients is carried out. Management therefore consider that the Company has one operating segment. As such, no additional disclosure has been presented under IFRS 8.

   7.    Reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP measures 

The Group uses a number of 'non-GAAP' figures as comparable key performance measures, as they exclude the impact of items that are non-cash items and also items that are not considered part of ongoing underlying trade. The Group's 'non-GAAP' measures are not defined performance measures in IFRS. The Group's definition of the reporting measures may not be comparable with similar titled performance measures in other entities.

Adjusted earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation ("EBITDA") is calculated as follows:

 
                                     Six months   Six months 
                                       ended 30     ended 30 
                                      September    September 
                                           2022         2021 
                                        GBP'000      GBP'000 
 
 Loss from operations                   (1,759)        (405) 
 Add back: 
 Depreciation of property, plant 
  and equipment                              14            5 
 Deprecation of lease asset                  16           16 
                                    -----------  ----------- 
 EBITDA                                 (1,729)        (384) 
                                    -----------  ----------- 
 
 Add back: 
 Operating costs of exceptional 
  nature                                      -           10 
 
 Adjusted EBITDA                        (1,729)        (374) 
                                    -----------  ----------- 
 

Operating costs of an exceptional nature have been excluded as they are not considered part of the underlying trade. Operating costs of an exceptional nature (to 30 September 2021) include professional fees of GBP9,900 in connection with the IPO.

Adjusted operating loss is calculated as follows:

 
                                    Six months   Six months 
                                      ended 30     ended 30 
                                     September    September 
                                          2022         2021 
                                       GBP'000      GBP'000 
 
 Loss from operations                  (1,759)        (405) 
 Add back: 
 Operating costs of exceptional 
  nature                                     -           10 
 
 Adjusted loss from operations         (1,759)        (395) 
                                   -----------  ----------- 
 

Adjusted loss after tax is calculated as follows:

 
                                           Six months   Six months 
                                             ended 30     ended 30 
                                            September    September 
                                                 2022         2021 
                                              GBP'000      GBP'000 
 
 Loss after tax                               (1,684)        (472) 
 Add back: 
 Operating costs of exceptional nature              -           10 
 Interest on convertible loan note                  -           73 
 
 Adjusted loss after tax                      (1,684)        (389) 
                                          -----------  ----------- 
 
   8.    Finance income and expense 
 
                                            Six months   Six months 
                                              ended 30     ended 30 
                                             September    September 
                                                  2022         2021 
                                               GBP'000      GBP'000 
 
 Interest receivable                                 -            7 
 
 Interest payable: 
 Movement in fair value of convertible 
  loan note                                          -         (73) 
 Interest on lease liability                         -          (1) 
                                           -----------  ----------- 
                                                     -         (74) 
 
                                                     -         (67) 
  ----------------------------------------------------  ----------- 
 
   9.    Taxation 
 
 Income taxes recognised in profit or loss   Six months   Six months 
                                               ended 30     ended 30 
                                              September    September 
                                                   2022         2021 
                                                GBP'000      GBP'000 
 Current tax 
 UK tax credit for the year                          75            - 
 Deferred tax                                         -            - 
                                            -----------  ----------- 
 Total income tax credit recognised                  75            - 
                                            -----------  ----------- 
 

The Group was not liable for corporation tax during the past two periods due to taxable losses being sustained in each of the periods reported. The tax credit for the current period relates to research and development tax credits.

The Group has not recognised a deferred tax asset in respect of trading losses incurred to date as the business is developing its products. When there is clear visibility of profits, the Group will recognise the deferred tax assets to the extent that sufficient taxable income will be available.

10. Earnings per share

 
                                              Six months   Six months 
                                                ended 30     ended 30 
                                               September    September 
                                                    2022         2021 
                                                 GBP'000      GBP'000 
 Basic earnings per share 
 Loss attributable to equity shareholders 
  of the parent (GBP'000)                        (1,684)        (472) 
 Weighted average number of shares in 
  issue                                      139,146,879   82,411,310 
 Basic loss per share (pence)                     (1.2p)       (0.6p) 
                                            ------------  ----------- 
 

Basic loss per share is based on the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the period. Diluted loss per share would assume conversion of all potentially dilutive ordinary shares arising from the share schemes detailed in note 16. Due to the losses in both periods there are no potentially dilutive ordinary shares, and therefore there is no difference between the basic and diluted loss per share.

The interim statement information for the six months ended 30 September 2021 represents the historical information prior to a group reorganisation on 23 December 2021 whereby the Company became the parent company of the enlarged group. It is of limited significance to calculate earnings per share on the historical equity of the companies forming the Group prior to the reorganisation.

The weighted average number of shares uses the number of shares in issue on admission to AIM on 23 December 2021. This has been applied retrospectively to the number of shares in issue at 30 September 2021 and the metric has been restated to ensure that the adjusted earnings per share figures are comparable over the two periods.

Adjusted earnings per share

The calculation of adjusted earnings per share is based on the adjusted loss after tax, as presented in note 7. Adjusted earnings per share figures are given to exclude the effects of exceptional items and pre-reorganisation finance costs, all net of taxation, and are considered to show the underlying performance of the Group.

The weighted average number of shares uses the number of shares in issue post admission on 23 December 2021.

 
                                                Six months   Six months 
                                                  ended 30     ended 30 
                                                 September    September 
                                                      2022         2021 
 Adjusted earnings per share 
 Adjusted loss after tax (note 7) (GBP'000)        (1,684)        (389) 
 Weighted average number of shares in 
  issue                                        139,146,879   82,411,310 
 Basic loss per share (pence)                       (1.2p)       (0.5p) 
                                              ------------  ----------- 
 

11. Trade and other receivables

 
                                             As at 30     As at 30 
                                            September    September 
                                                 2022         2021 
                                              GBP'000      GBP'000 
 Current 
 Trade receivables - gross                         47          758 
 Provision for impairment of trade                  -            - 
  receivables 
                                          -----------  ----------- 
                                                   47          758 
 Other Debtors                                     16            - 
 VAT Debtor                                       196            - 
 Prepayments                                      501           18 
  Accrued income                                  665            - 
                                          -----------  ----------- 
                                                1,425          776 
                                          -----------  ----------- 
 

The Group had no past due trade receivables as at 30 September 2022 (30 September 2021: GBPnil).

Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and receivable under normal commercial terms. The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other receivables approximates to their fair value and that no impairment is required at the reporting dates. Trade and other receivables represent financial assets and are assessed for impairment on an expected credit loss model. Therefore, there is no expected credit loss provision for impairment at 30 September 2022 (30 September 2021: GBPnil).

The impairment loss recognised in the income statement for the period in respect of expected credit losses was GBPnil (HY2021/22: GBPnil).

12. Trade and other payables

 
                                       As at 30     As at 30 
                                      September    September 
                                           2022         2021 
                                        GBP'000      GBP'000 
 
 Trade payables                             312          267 
 Tax and social security payable             48           25 
 Other payables                              23           78 
 Accruals                                   720            - 
  VAT creditor                                -           47 
                                          1,103          417 
                                    -----------  ----------- 
 

The fair values of the Company's trade and other payables are considered to equate to their carrying amounts.

13. Borrowings

 
                    As at 30     As at 30 
                   September    September 
                        2022         2021 
                     GBP'000      GBP'000 
 
 Current                   -            - 
 Non-current               -          767 
                           -          767 
  --------------------------  ----------- 
 

Movement in net borrowings:

 
                                              As at 30     As at 30 
                                             September    September 
                                                  2022         2021 
                                               GBP'000      GBP'000 
 
 Borrowings at 1 April                               -          694 
 Movement in fair value of convertible 
  loan note                                          -           73 
                                                     -          767 
  ----------------------------------------------------  ----------- 
 

In July 2020 the Group issued GBP600,000 convertible loan notes to four investors with a nominal value of GBP600,000. The loan notes had a term until July 2023 and a coupon rate of 8%. The loan notes automatically converted to shares in the Company upon a Listing. Had conversion not occurred the loan notes were repayable in full in July 2023. The loan notes were treated as non-current borrowings to match the financial instrument.

On 23 December 2021, the Company issued 10,523,630 Ordinary Shares in Libertine Holdings PLC in settlement of the convertible loan note.

14. Share Capital

 
                                           Ordinary Shares (GBP0.001) 
                                                    Number         GBP 
 
 At 1 April 2021 and 30 September 2021                   -           - 
 
 Share for share exchange                       82,411,310      82,411 
 Issued                                         56,407,700      56,408 
                                         -----------------  ---------- 
 At 31 March 2022                              138,819,010     138,819 
 
 Issued                                            400,000         400 
                                         -----------------  ---------- 
 At 30 September 2022                          139,219,010     139,219 
                                         -----------------  ---------- 
 

On 7 December 2021, the Group underwent a reorganisation in which Libertine Holdings PLC became the ultimate parent undertaking of the Group. The reorganisation was performed via a share for share exchange, whereby each previous Ordinary Share in Libertine FPE Limited was exchanged for an Ordinary Share in Libertine Holdings PLC.

On 16 December 2021, the Company issued 154,070 Ordinary Shares in Libertine Holdings PLC for an equity settled transaction valued at GBP30,000.

On 23 December 2021, the Company issued 10,523,630 Ordinary Shares in Libertine Holdings PLC in settlement of the convertible loan note. On the same day the Company issued 45,000,000 Ordinary Shares in Libertine Holdings PLC for GBP0.20 per share as part of its admission to AIM.

On 4 March 2022, the Company issued 730,000 Ordinary Shares in Libertine Holdings PLC for GBP0.02 per share to settle share options.

On 3 May 2022, the Company issued 400,000 Ordinary Shares in Libertine Holdings PLC for GBP0.02 per share to settle share options.

15. Share Premium Account

 
                                            GBP'000 
 
 At 1 April 2021 and 30 September 2021            - 
 
 Issued                                      11,094 
 Share issue costs                            (680) 
                                           -------- 
 At 31 March 2022                            10,414 
 
 Issued                                           8 
                                           -------- 
 At 30 September 2022                        10,422 
                                           -------- 
 

Share premium is the amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value.

Details of the share transactions are included in note 14. The Company incurred GBP680,000 of professional fees in connection with its share issue.

16. Share-based payments

Since 2017, before the incorporation of Libertine Holdings PLC, options have been granted by Libertine FPE Limited to directors, employees and suppliers to purchase Ordinary Shares. The Company has issued both EMI and Unapproved share options. The options vest over a period of up to ten years from grant date and are exercisable at the point of the IPO listing.

The EMI scheme is open to all qualifying employees who are an employee within the Group working 25 hours per week, or if less, 75% of their working time. The Group has also issued unapproved options for employees, Directors and suppliers who do not meet the EMI criteria.

The options have varying vesting periods, with shares vesting at the point of the IPO listing. The listing is a necessary condition for exercise.

Details of the option plans are as follows:

 
                                 As at 30 September     As at 30 
                                               2022    September 
                                                            2021 
 
 Outstanding at beginning of 
  year                                    6,908,120      482,812 
 Granted                                          -      330,000 
 Forfeited                                        -     (65,000) 
 Exercised                                (400,000)            - 
 Outstanding at end of year               6,508,120      747,812 
                                -------------------  ----------- 
 

All options had an exercise price of GBP0.20 when issued. In December 2021, all outstanding options in Libertine FPE Limited were replaced by options in Libertine Holdings PLC as part of the group reorganisation ahead of the IPO. In advance of the share for share exchange and to ensure parity of the share options with Ordinary Shares in issue, the number of options in issue were increased by a factor of ten, with the exercise price reducing to GBP0.02 per share.

All other option terms remained the same, and as such there was no difference in fair value at the options replacement date.

The weighted average exercise price on outstanding options at 30 September 2022 is GBP0.02.

The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility (based on the share price) of comparator companies with publicly available share prices. The risk-free interest rate is based on the average return on ten-year UK gilts. Assumed retention of the options was 100%.

The fair value of each option granted was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

 
                                                   EMI Scheme   Unapproved 
                                                                    Scheme 
 
 Fair values at grant dates (per share)               GBP0.28      GBP0.28 
                                                    - GBP0.55    - GBP0.46 
 Share price at grant dates                           GBP0.47      GBP0.47 
                                                    - GBP0.64    - GBP0.64 
 Exercise price                                       GBP0.02      GBP0.02 
 Expected volatility                                      70%          70% 
 Option life (expected weighted average          1 - 10 years      0 - 2.8 
  life)                                                              years 
 Expected dividend                                         0%           0% 
 Risk-free interest rate (based on government 
  bonds)                                                1.12%        1.12% 
                                                -------------  ----------- 
 

The total share option charge in the period was GBPnil (30 September 2021: GBP20,000).

17. Events after the balance sheet date

No matters have arisen since the balance sheet date.

-ends-

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