ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Business Overview
We develop, manufacture, and market lightweight, high-performance structural materials, including carbon fiber, specialty reinforcements, prepregs and other fiber-reinforced matrix materials, honeycomb, resins, engineered core and composite structures, for use in Commercial Aerospace, Space & Defense, and Industrial markets. We propel the future of flight, energy generation, transportation, and recreation through excellence in providing innovative high-performance material solutions that are lighter, stronger and tougher, helping to create a better world for us all.
We serve international markets through manufacturing facilities, sales offices and representatives located in the Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific, India, and Africa. We also have a presence in Malaysia where we are a partner in a joint venture which manufactures composite structures for Commercial Aerospace applications.
We are a manufacturer of products within a single industry: Advanced Composites. We have two reportable segments: Composite Materials and Engineered Products. The Composite Materials segment is comprised of our carbon fiber, specialty reinforcements, resin systems, prepregs and other fiber-reinforced matrix materials, and honeycomb core product lines and pultruded profiles. The Engineered Products segment is comprised of lightweight high strength composite structures, radio frequency/electromagnetic interference (“RF/EMI”) and microwave absorbing materials, engineered core and specialty machined honeycomb products with added functionality and thermoplastic additive manufacturing.
The Commercial Aerospace market is now recovering strongly following the severe negative economic impacts on this industry resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2020, and our business is continuing to recover robustly driven by growth in air travel and an increase in aircraft build rates. The recovery has created many challenges across industrial markets, including those that Hexcel operates in, related to global logistics, supply chains, labor constraints, and inflationary pressures. Geopolitical issues also remain a challenge, notably the Russian/Ukraine conflict, which has little direct material impact on our business, but is indirectly creating further challenges for energy supply, global logistics and certain raw material availability, all of which have and may continue to compress our financial results.
Financial Overview
Results of Operations
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Quarter Ended March 31, |
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(In millions, except per share data) |
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2023 |
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2022 |
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% Change |
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Net sales |
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$ |
457.7 |
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$ |
390.6 |
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17.2 |
% |
Net sales change in constant currency |
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18.0 |
% |
Operating income |
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$ |
62.8 |
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$ |
30.1 |
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108.6 |
% |
As a percentage of net sales |
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13.7 |
% |
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7.7 |
% |
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Net income |
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$ |
42.7 |
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$ |
17.8 |
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139.9 |
% |
Diluted net income per common share |
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$ |
0.50 |
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$ |
0.21 |
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138.1 |
% |
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Net Sales
The following table summarizes net sales to third-party customers by segment and end market for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:
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Quarter Ended March 31, |
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(In millions) |
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2023 |
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2022 |
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% Change |
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Consolidated Net Sales |
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$ |
457.7 |
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$ |
390.6 |
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17.2 |
% |
Commercial Aerospace |
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284.5 |
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218.9 |
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30.0 |
% |
Space & Defense |
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126.2 |
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118.2 |
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6.8 |
% |
Industrial |
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47.0 |
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53.5 |
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(12.1 |
)% |
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Composite Materials |
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$ |
378.2 |
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$ |
313.8 |
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20.5 |
% |
Commercial Aerospace |
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243.2 |
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184.8 |
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31.6 |
% |
Space & Defense |
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88.8 |
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76.6 |
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15.9 |
% |
Industrial |
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46.2 |
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52.4 |
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(11.8 |
)% |
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Engineered Products |
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$ |
79.5 |
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$ |
76.8 |
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3.5 |
% |
Commercial Aerospace |
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41.3 |
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34.1 |
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21.1 |
% |
Space & Defense |
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37.4 |
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41.6 |
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(10.1 |
)% |
Industrial |
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0.8 |
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1.1 |
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(27.3 |
)% |
Sales by Segment
Composite Materials: Net sales of $378.2 million in the first quarter of 2023 increased by $64.4 million or 20.5% from the prior year quarter. Commercial Aerospace sales increased $58.4 million or 31.6% in the first quarter of 2023 as compared to the prior year quarter primarily due to growth in the Airbus A350 and A320neo programs as well as expanding business jet demand.
Engineered Products: For the first quarter of 2023, net sales of $79.5 million increased $2.7 million or 3.5% as compared to the prior year quarter. The increase was driven by higher Commercial Aerospace sales which were up $7.2 million or 21.1% in the first quarter of 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022, partially offset by lower Space & Defense sales.
Sales by Market
Commercial Aerospace sales of $284.5 million increased $65.6 million or 30.0% (30.0% in constant currency) for the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022 from growth in the Airbus A350 and A320neo programs. Other Commercial Aerospace increased 23.5% for the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022 on expanding business jet demand.
Space & Defense sales of $126.2 million increased 6.8% (7.6% in constant currency) for the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022 with growth across a number of platforms globally, including fixed-wing aircraft and both military and civilian rotorcraft.
Total Industrial sales in the first quarter of 2023 of $47.0 million decreased 12.1% (9.1% in constant currency) compared to the first quarter of 2022, due to lower wind energy sales that were partially offset by sales growth in recreation, automotive and other industrial markets.
Gross Margin
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Quarter Ended March 31, |
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(In millions) |
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2023 |
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2022 |
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% Change |
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Gross margin |
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$ |
127.7 |
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$ |
86.7 |
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47.3 |
% |
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Percentage of sales |
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27.9 |
% |
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22.2 |
% |
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Gross margin for the first quarter of 2023 and 2022 was 27.9% and 22.2%, respectively. The improvement in the first quarter of 2023 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to favorable absorption and product mix.
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Operating Expenses
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Quarter Ended March 31, |
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(In millions) |
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2023 |
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2022 |
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% Change |
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SG&A expense |
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$ |
50.8 |
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$ |
44.7 |
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13.6 |
% |
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Percentage of sales |
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11.1 |
% |
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11.4 |
% |
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R&T expense |
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$ |
13.9 |
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$ |
10.9 |
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27.5 |
% |
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Percentage of sales |
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3.0 |
% |
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2.8 |
% |
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Selling, general and administrative expenses were higher for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, although the current quarter expenses were lower as a percentage of sales. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses for the current quarter was primarily driven by higher employee-related expenses. Research and technology expenses were higher than the prior year period primarily due to higher employee-related and materials and supplies expenses in the current year period.
Operating Income
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Quarter Ended March 31, |
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(In millions) |
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2023 |
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2022 |
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% Change |
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Consolidated operating income |
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$ |
62.8 |
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$ |
30.1 |
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108.6 |
% |
Operating margin |
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13.7 |
% |
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7.7 |
% |
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Composite Materials |
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73.2 |
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42.6 |
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71.8 |
% |
Operating margin |
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18.4 |
% |
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12.9 |
% |
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Engineered Products |
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12.0 |
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10.6 |
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13.2 |
% |
Operating margin |
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14.9 |
% |
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13.7 |
% |
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Corporate & Other |
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(22.4 |
) |
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(23.1 |
) |
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N/M |
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Operating income for the first quarter of 2023 and 2022 was $62.8 million and $30.1 million, respectively. The increase in operating income for the first quarter of 2023 over the same period last year was primarily driven by higher sales in all markets and strong gross margins.
Interest Expense, Net
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Quarter Ended March 31, |
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(In millions) |
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2023 |
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2022 |
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% Change |
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Interest expense, net |
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$ |
9.4 |
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$ |
9.1 |
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3.3 |
% |
Interest expense for the first quarter ended March 31, 2023 was higher compared to the first quarter of 2022 due to higher interest rates.
Provision for Income Taxes
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Quarter Ended March 31, |
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(In millions) |
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2023 |
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2022 |
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Income tax expense |
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$ |
11.7 |
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$ |
4.7 |
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Effective tax rate |
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21.9 |
% |
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22.5 |
% |
The tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $11.7 million compared to a tax expense of $4.7 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2022.
Financial Condition
Liquidity: Cash on hand at March 31, 2023 was $105.7 million as compared to $112.0 million at December 31, 2022. As of March 31, 2023, total debt was $768.7 million as compared to $723.5 million at December 31, 2022.
Under the senior unsecured credit facility (the "Facility"), total borrowings at March 31, 2023 were $70 million, which approximated fair value. The Facility agreement permits us to issue letters of credit up to an aggregate amount of $50 million. As of March 31, 2023, there were no issued letters of credit under the Facility, resulting in undrawn availability under the Facility of $680 million. The weighted average interest rate for the Facility was 6.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The remaining
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authorization under the share repurchase program at March 31, 2023 was $217 million. For further information regarding our Facility, see Note 5, Debt, to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of this Form 10-Q.
We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements (including capital expenditures) through net cash from operating activities, cash on hand and the Facility. As of March 31, 2023, long-term liquidity requirements consisted primarily of obligations under our long-term debt obligations. We do not have any significant required debt repayments until June 2024 when the Facility expires.
On April 24, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.125 per share payable to stockholders of record as of May 5, 2023, with a payment date of May 12, 2023.
Operating Activities: Net cash used for operating activities for the first three months of 2023 was $23.4 million compared to $19.0 million for the same period last year. Working capital was a cash use of $104.0 million for the first three months of 2023, which supported sales growth, compared to a use of $74.3 million in the same period in 2022. The increase in the current year was primarily driven by higher payments of payables and higher inventory.
Investing Activities: Net cash used for investing activities was $18.1 million and $20.9 million in the first three months of 2023 and 2022, respectively, reflecting a slight decline in capital expenditures.
Financing Activities: Net cash provided by financing activities was $34.8 million for first three months of 2023 compared to $25.9 million in the same period in 2022. Borrowings under the Facility during the first quarter of 2023 were $65.0 million and repayments were $20.0 million compared to $35.0 million in borrowings and no repayments for the same period in the prior year. Quarterly dividend payments to shareholders were $10.5 million during the first quarter of 2023 compared to $8.5 million in the first quarter of 2022.
Financial Obligations and Commitments: The next significant scheduled debt maturity will not occur until 2024, when the Facility matures. Certain sales and administrative offices, data processing equipment and manufacturing facilities are leased under operating leases.
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Critical Accounting Estimates
Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In connection with the preparation of our financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates about future events, and apply judgments that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. We base our assumptions, estimates and judgments on historical experience, current trends and other factors management believes to be relevant at the time our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared. On a regular basis, management reviews accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure our financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results may differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material.
We describe our significant accounting policies and critical accounting estimates in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
Commitments and Contingencies
We are involved in litigation, investigations and claims arising out of the normal conduct of our business, including those relating to commercial transactions, environmental, employment and health and safety matters. We estimate and accrue our liabilities resulting from such matters based upon a variety of factors, including the stage of the proceeding; potential settlement value; assessments by internal and external counsel; and assessments by environmental engineers and consultants of potential environmental liabilities and remediation costs. We believe we have adequately accrued for these potential liabilities; however, facts and circumstances may change, such as new developments, or a change in approach, including a change in settlement strategy or in an environmental remediation plan, or in our existing insurance coverage, that could cause the actual liability to exceed the estimates, or may require adjustments to the recorded liability balances in the future. For further discussion, see Note 11, Commitments and Contingencies, to the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Company uses non-GAAP financial measures, including sales and expenses measured in constant dollars (prior year sales and expenses measured at current year exchange rates); operating income, net income and earnings per share adjusted for items included in operating expense and non-operating expenses; and free cash flow. Management believes these non-GAAP measures are meaningful to investors because they provide a view of Hexcel with respect to ongoing operating results and comparisons to prior periods. These adjustments can represent significant charges or credits that we believe are important to an understanding of Hexcel’s overall operating results in the periods presented. Such non-GAAP measures are not determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and should not be viewed in isolation or as an alternative to or substitutes for GAAP measures of performance. Our calculation of these measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies, and the measures exclude financial information that some may consider important in evaluating our performance. Reconciliations to adjusted operating income, adjusted net income, adjusted diluted net income per share and free cash flow are provided below.
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Operating Income |
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Quarter Ended March 31, |
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(In millions) |
2023 |
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2022 |
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GAAP operating income |
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$ |
62.8 |
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$ |
30.1 |
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Other operating expense (a) |
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0.2 |
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1.0 |
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Adjusted operating income (non-GAAP) |
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$ |
63.0 |
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$ |
31.1 |
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Quarter Ended March 31, |
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2023 |
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2022 |
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(In millions, except per diluted share data) |
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Net Income |
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Diluted Net Income Per Share |
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Net Income |
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Diluted Net Income Per Share |
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GAAP net income |
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$ |
42.7 |
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$ |
0.50 |
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$ |
17.8 |
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$ |
0.21 |
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Other operating expense, net of tax (a) |
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0.2 |
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- |
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0.8 |
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0.01 |
|
Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) |
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$ |
42.9 |
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$ |
0.50 |
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$ |
18.6 |
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$ |
0.22 |
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(a)The quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 included restructuring costs primarily related to severance.
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Quarter Ended March 31, |
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(In millions) |
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2023 |
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2022 |
|
Net cash used for operating activities |
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$ |
(23.4 |
) |
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$ |
(19.0 |
) |
Less: Capital expenditures |
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(18.1 |
) |
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(20.9 |
) |
Free cash flow (non-GAAP) |
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$ |
(41.5 |
) |
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$ |
(39.9 |
) |
Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements relate to analyses and other information that are based on forecasts of future results and estimates of amounts not yet determinable. These statements also relate to future prospects, developments and business strategies. These forward-looking statements are identified by their use of terms and phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “seek,” “target,” “would,” “will” and similar terms and phrases, including references to assumptions. Such statements are based on current expectations, are inherently uncertain and are subject to changing assumptions.
Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (a) the estimates and expectations based on aircraft production rates provided by Airbus, Boeing and others; (b) the revenues we may generate from an aircraft model or program; (c) the impact of the push-out in deliveries of the Airbus and Boeing backlog and the impact of delays in the startup or ramp-up of new aircraft programs or the final Hexcel composite material content once the design and material selection have been completed; (d) expectations with regard to the impact of regulatory activity related to, or the build rate of, the Boeing 737 MAX or Boeing 787 and the related impact on our revenues; (e) expectations with regard to raw material cost and availability; (f) expectations of composite content on new commercial aircraft programs and our share of those requirements; (g) expectations regarding revenues from space and defense applications, including whether certain programs might be curtailed or discontinued; (h) expectations regarding sales for wind energy, recreation, automotive and other industrial applications; (i) expectations regarding working capital trends and expenditures and inventory levels; (j) expectations as to the level of capital expenditures and timing of completion of capacity expansions and qualification of new products; (k) expectations regarding our ability to improve or maintain margins; (l) expectations regarding our ability to attract, motivate, and retain the workforce necessary to execute our business strategy; (m) projections regarding our tax rate; (n) expectations with regard to the continued impact of macroeconomic factors and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine; (o) expectations regarding our strategic initiatives and other goals, including, but not limited to, our sustainability goals; (p) expectations regarding the sale of certain of our assets; (q) expectations with regard to cybersecurity measures taken to protect confidential and proprietary information; (r) expectations regarding the outcome of legal matters or the impact of changes in laws or regulations or government policies; and (s) the anticipated impact of the above factors and various market risks on our expectations of financial results for 2023 and beyond.
Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, that may cause actual results to be materially different. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the following: the extent of the impact of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the ongoing market recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic, including continued disruption in global financial markets and supply chains, and labor shortages; reductions in sales to any significant customers, particularly Airbus or Boeing, including related to regulatory activity impacting the Boeing 737 MAX or the Boeing 787 or other geopolitical events or conditions, including the Russia/Ukraine conflict; our ability to effectively adjust production and inventory levels to align with customer demand; our ability to effectively motivate, retain and hire the necessary workforce; availability and cost of raw materials, including the impact of supply shortages and inflation; supply chain disruptions, which have been exacerbated by the conflict between Russia and Ukraine; our ability to successfully implement or realize our business strategies, plans, goals and objectives of management, including our sustainability goals and any restructuring or alignment activities in which we may engage; changes in sales mix; changes in current pricing and cost levels, including cost inflation, as well as increasing energy prices resulting from the conflict between Russia and Ukraine; changes in aerospace delivery rates; changes in government defense procurement budgets; changes in military aerospace program technology; timely new product development or introduction; industry capacity; increased competition; our ability to install, staff and qualify necessary capacity or complete capacity expansions to meet customer demand; cybersecurity-related risks, including the potential impact of breaches or intrusions; currency exchange rate fluctuations; changes in political, social and economic conditions, including, but not limited to, the effect of change in global trade policies, such as sanctions imposed as a result of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine; work stoppages or other labor disruptions; our ability to successfully complete any strategic acquisitions, investments or dispositions; compliance with environmental, health, safety and other related laws and regulations, including those related to climate change; the effects of natural disasters or other severe weather events, which may be worsened by the impact of climate change, and other severe catastrophic events, including any public health crisis; the potential impact of environmental, social and governance matters; and the unexpected outcome of legal matters or impact of changes in laws or regulations.
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Although we believe that these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, you should be aware that many factors could affect our actual results of operations and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. As a result, the foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with other cautionary statements included in this and other reports we file with the SEC. For additional information regarding certain factors that may cause our actual results to differ from those expected or anticipated, see the information under the caption “Risk Factors,” which is located in Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. We do not undertake any obligation to update our forward-looking statements or risk factors to reflect future events or circumstances, except as otherwise required by law.