Notes
to the Financial Statements (Unaudited)
1. Organization
The abrdn
Gold ETF Trust (known as Aberdeen Standard Gold ETF Trust prior to March 31, 2022) (the “Trust”) is a common
law trust formed on September 1, 2009 under New York law pursuant to a depositary trust agreement (the “Trust
Agreement”) executed by abrdn ETFs Sponsor LLC (known as Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs Sponsor LLC prior to March 1,
2022) (the “Sponsor”) and The Bank of New York Mellon as Trustee (the “Trustee”). The Trust holds
gold bullion and issues abrdn Physical Gold Shares ETF (known as Aberdeen Standard Physical Gold Shares ETF prior
to March 31, 2022) (“Shares”) in minimum blocks of 100,000 Shares (also referred to as “Baskets”)
in exchange for deposits of gold and distributes gold in connection with the redemption of Baskets. Shares represent
units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Trust which are issued by the Trust. The Sponsor is
a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Inc. (known as Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc.
prior to January 1, 2022). abrdn Inc. is a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of abrdn (formerly known as Standard Life Aberdeen)
plc. The Trust is governed by the Trust Agreement.
The
investment objective of the Trust is for the Shares to reflect the performance of the price of gold, less the Trust’s
expenses and liabilities. The Trust is designed to provide an individual owner of beneficial interests in the Shares (a “Shareholder”)
an opportunity to participate in the gold market through an investment in securities. The fiscal year end for the Trust is
December 31.
The
accompanying financial statements were prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions for Form 10-Q. In the
opinion of the Trust’s management, all adjustments (which consist of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present
fairly the financial position and results of operations as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and
for all periods presented have been made.
These
financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2021. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative
of the operating results for the full year.
2. Significant
Accounting Policies
The
preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires those responsible for preparing financial statements
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed by the Trust.
2.1. Basis
of Accounting
The
Sponsor has determined that the Trust falls within the scope of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting
Standards Codification (“ASC”) 946, Financial Services—Investment Companies, and has concluded that for
reporting purposes, the Trust is classified as an Investment Company. The Trust is not registered as an investment company under
the Investment Company Act of 1940 and is not required to register under such act.
2.2. Valuation
of Gold
The
Trust follows the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 provides guidance for
determining fair value and requires increased disclosure regarding the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value.
ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly
transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
abrdn
Gold ETF Trust
Notes
to the Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The
Trust's gold is held by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the “Custodian”), on behalf of the Trust, at its London,
England and Zurich, Switzerland vaulting premises and may also be held at the Zurich, Switzerland vaulting premises of UBS AG,
or any other firm selected by the Custodian, to hold the Trust's gold in the Trust's allocated account in the firm's vault premises
on a segregated basis. Effective as of the close of business June 20, 2019, the Sponsor approved the addition of London,
England as a location where the Custodian may custody allocated gold bullion deposited with and held by the Trust. At March
31, 2022, none of the Trust's gold was held by a sub-custodian.
The
Trust's gold is recorded at fair value. The cost of gold is determined according to the average cost method and the fair value
is based on the London Bullion Market Association ("LBMA") PM Gold Price. Realized gains and losses on transfers of
gold, or gold distributed for the redemption of Shares, are calculated on a trade date basis as the difference between the fair
value and average cost of gold transferred.
The
LBMA PM Gold Price is set using the afternoon session of the ICE Benchmark Administration (“IBA”) equilibrium
auction, an electronic, tradable and auditable over-the-counter auction market with the ability to participate in US Dollars,
Euros or British Pounds for LBMA-authorized participating gold bullion banks or market makers that establishes a reference
gold price for that day’s trading.
Once
the value of gold has been determined, the net asset value (the “NAV”) is computed by the Trustee by deducting
all accrued fees, expenses and other liabilities of the Trust, including the remuneration due to the Sponsor (the “Sponsor’s
Fee”), from the fair value of the gold and all other assets held by the Trust.
The
Trust recognizes changes in fair value of the investment in gold as changes in unrealized gains or losses on investment in gold
through the Statement of Operations.
The
per Share amount of gold exchanged for a purchase or redemption is calculated daily by the Trustee using the LBMA PM Gold
Price to calculate the gold amount in respect of any liabilities for which covering gold sales have not yet been made,
and represents the per Share amount of gold held by the Trust, after giving effect to its liabilities, to cover expenses
and liabilities and any losses that may have occurred.
Fair
Value Hierarchy
ASC
820 establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The three levels of inputs
are as follows:
– Level
1. Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Trust has the ability to access.
– Level
2. Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly
or indirectly. These inputs may include quoted prices for the identical instrument on
an inactive market, prices for similar instruments and similar data.
– Level
3. Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability to the extent that relevant observable inputs are not available, representing
the Trust’s own assumptions about the assumptions that a market participant would use in valuing the asset or liability,
and that would be based on the best information available.
abrdn
Gold ETF Trust
Notes
to the Financial Statements (Unaudited)
To
the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination
of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised in determining fair value is greatest for
instruments categorized in level 3.
The
inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes,
the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement falls in its entirety is determined based on the
lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
The
Trust’s investment in gold is classified as a level 1 asset, as its value is calculated using unadjusted
quoted prices from primary market sources.
The
categorization of the Trust’s assets is as shown below:
| (Amounts
in 000’s of US$) | |
March
31, 2022 | |
December
31, 2021 |
| | |
| |
|
| Level
1 | |
| | | |
| | |
| Investment
in gold | |
$ | 2,781,526 | | |
$ | 2,391,578 | |
There
were no transfers between levels during the three months ended March 31, 2022 or the year ended December 31, 2021.
2.3. Gold
Receivable and Payable
Gold receivable
or payable represents the quantity of gold covered by contractually binding orders for the creation or redemption of Shares
respectively, where the gold has not yet been transferred to or from the Trust’s account. Generally, ownership of gold
is transferred within two business days of the trade date. At March 31, 2022, the Trust had no gold receivable or payable
for the creation or redemption of Shares. At December 31, 2021, the Trust had no gold receivable or payable for
the creation or redemption of Shares.
2.4. Creations
and Redemptions of Shares
The
Trust expects to create and redeem Shares from time to time, but only in one or more Baskets (a Basket equals a block of 100,000
Shares). The Trust issues Shares in Baskets to Authorized Participants on an ongoing basis. Individual investors cannot purchase
or redeem Shares in direct transactions with the Trust. An Authorized Participant is a person who (1) is a registered broker-dealer
or other securities market participant such as a bank or other financial institution which is not required to register as a broker-dealer
to engage in securities transactions; (2) is a participant in The Depository Trust Company; (3) has entered into an Authorized
Participant Agreement with the Trustee and the Sponsor; and (4) has established an Authorized Participant Unallocated Account
with the Trust’s Custodian or other gold bullion clearing bank. An Authorized Participant Agreement is an agreement
entered into by each Authorized Participant, the Sponsor and the Trustee which provides the procedures for the creation and redemption
of Baskets and for the delivery of the gold required for such creations and redemptions. An Authorized Participant Unallocated
Account is an unallocated gold account, either loco London or loco Zurich, established with the Custodian or a gold bullion
clearing bank by an Authorized Participant.
abrdn
Gold ETF Trust
Notes
to the Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The
creation and redemption of Baskets is only made in exchange for the delivery to the Trust or the distribution by the Trust of
the amount of gold represented by the Baskets being created or redeemed, the amount of which is based on the combined NAV
of the number of Shares included in the Baskets being created or redeemed determined on the day the order to create or redeem
Baskets is properly received.
Authorized
Participants may, on any business day, place an order with the Trustee to create or redeem one or more Baskets. The typical settlement
period for Shares is two business days. In the event of a trade date at period end, where a settlement is pending, a respective
account receivable and/or payable will be recorded. When gold is exchanged in settlement of a redemption, it is considered
a sale of gold for financial statement purposes.
The
amount of gold represented by the Baskets created or redeemed can only be settled to the nearest 1/1000th of an ounce. As
a result, the value attributed to the creation or redemption of Shares may differ from the value of gold to be delivered
or distributed by the Trust. In order to ensure that the correct amount of gold is available at all times to back the Shares,
the Sponsor accepts an adjustment to its management fees in the event of any shortfall or excess on each transaction. For each
transaction, this amount is not more than 1/1000th of an ounce of gold.
As
the Shares of the Trust are subject to redemption at the option of Authorized Participants, the Trust has classified the outstanding
Shares as Net Assets. Changes in the number of Shares outstanding are presented in the Statement of Changes in Net Assets.
2.5. Income
Taxes
The
Trust is classified as a “grantor trust” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, the Trust itself will
not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. Instead, the Trust’s income and expenses will “flow through” to the
Shareholders, and the Trustee will report the Trust’s proceeds, income, deductions, gains, and losses to the Internal Revenue
Service on that basis.
The
Sponsor has evaluated whether or not there are uncertain tax positions that require financial statement recognition and has determined
that no reserves for uncertain tax positions are required as of March 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021.
2.6. Investment
in Gold
Changes
in ounces of gold and their respective values for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 are set out
below:
| | |
Three
Months
Ended
March 31,
2022 | |
Three
Months
Ended
March 31,
2021 |
| (Amounts
in 000’s of US$, except for ounces data) | |
| | | |
| | |
| Ounces
of gold | |
| | | |
| | |
| Opening
balance | |
| 1,324,350.2 | | |
| 1,405,430.5 | |
| Creations | |
| 117,992.2 | | |
| 32,676.5 | |
| Redemptions | |
| (9,592.5 | ) | |
| (98,009.9 | ) |
| Transfers
of gold to pay expenses | |
| (560.9 | ) | |
| (591.3 | ) |
| Closing
balance | |
| 1,432,189.0 | | |
| 1,339,505.8 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | |
| Investment
in gold | |
| | | |
| | |
| Opening
balance | |
$ | 2,391,578 | | |
$ | 2,652,891 | |
| Creations | |
| 223,384 | | |
| 60,968 | |
| Redemptions | |
| (18,660 | ) | |
| (170,304 | ) |
| Realized
gain on gold distributed for the redemption of Shares | |
| 3,764 | | |
| 20,641 | |
| Transfers
of gold to pay expenses | |
| (1,024 | ) | |
| (1,096 | ) |
| Realized
gain on gold transferred to pay expenses | |
| 159 | | |
| 195 | |
| Change
in unrealized gain / (loss) on investment in gold | |
| 182,325 | | |
| (298,124 | ) |
| Closing
balance | |
$ | 2,781,526 | | |
$ | 2,265,171 | |
2.7. Expenses
/ Realized Gains / Losses
The primary expense of the Trust is the Sponsor’s
Fee, which is paid by the Trust through in-kind transfers of gold to the Sponsor.
The
Trust will transfer gold to the Sponsor to pay the Sponsor’s Fee that accrues daily at an annualized rate equal to
% of the adjusted daily net asset value ("ANAV") of the Trust, paid monthly in arrears.
The
Sponsor has agreed to assume administrative and marketing expenses incurred by the Trust, including the Trustee’s monthly
fee and out of pocket expenses, the Custodian’s fee and the reimbursement of the Custodian’s expenses, exchange listing
fees, United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) registration fees, printing and mailing costs,
audit fees and up to $ per annum in legal expenses.
For
the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Sponsor’s fee was $ and $, respectively.
At March
31, 2022 and at December 31, 2021, the fees payable to the Sponsor were $395,236 and $345,581, respectively.
With
respect to expenses not otherwise assumed by the Sponsor, the Trustee will, at the direction of the Sponsor or in its own discretion,
sell the Trust’s gold as necessary to pay these expenses. When selling gold to pay expenses, the Trustee will
endeavor to sell the smallest amounts of gold needed to pay these expenses in order to minimize the Trust’s holdings
of assets other than gold. Other than the Sponsor’s Fee, the Trust had no expenses during the three months ended March
31, 2022 and 2021.
Unless
otherwise directed by the Sponsor, when selling gold the Trustee will endeavor to sell at the price established by the LBMA
PM Gold Price. The Trustee will place orders with dealers (which may include the Custodian) through which the Trustee expects
to receive the most favorable price and execution of orders. The Custodian may be the purchaser of such gold only if the
sale transaction is made at the next LBMA PM Gold Price or such other publicly available price that the Sponsor deems fair, in
each case as set following the sale order. A gain or loss is recognized based on the difference between the selling price and
the average cost of the gold sold. Neither the Trustee nor the Sponsor is liable for depreciation or loss incurred by reason
of any sale.
Realized
gains and losses result from the transfer of gold for Share redemptions and / or to pay expenses and are recognized on a
trade date basis as the difference between the fair value and average cost of gold transferred.
2.8. Subsequent
Events
In
accordance with the provisions set forth in FASB ASC 855-10, Subsequent Events, the Trust’s management has evaluated
the possibility of subsequent events impacting the Trust’s financial statements through the filing date. During this period,
no material subsequent events requiring adjustment to or disclosure in the financial statements were identified.
abrdn
Gold ETF Trust
Notes
to the Financial Statements (Unaudited)
3. Related
Parties
The
Sponsor and the Trustee are considered to be related parties to the Trust. The Trustee and the Custodian and their affiliates
may from time to time act as Authorized Participants and purchase or sell Shares for their own account, as agent for their customers
and for accounts over which they exercise investment discretion. In addition, the Trustee and the Custodian and their affiliates
may from time to time purchase or sell gold directly, for their own account, as agent for their customers and for accounts
over which they exercise investment discretion. The Trustee’s and Custodian’s fees are paid by the Sponsor and are
not separate expenses of the Trust.
4. Concentration
of Risk
The
Trust’s sole business activity is the investment in gold, and substantially all the Trust’s assets are holdings
of gold, which creates a concentration of risk associated with fluctuations in the price of gold. Several factors could affect
the price of gold, including: (i) global gold supply and demand, which is influenced by factors such as forward selling by gold
producers, purchases made by gold producers to unwind gold hedge positions, central bank purchases and sales, and production and
cost levels in major global gold-producing countries; (ii) investors’ expectations with respect to the rate of inflation;
(iii) currency exchange rates; (iv) interest rates; (v) investment and trading activities of hedge funds and commodity funds;
and (vi) global or regional political, economic or financial events and situations. In addition, there is no assurance that gold
will maintain its long-term value in terms of purchasing power in the future. In the event that the price of gold declines,
the Sponsor expects the value of an investment in the Shares to decline proportionately. Each of these events could have a material
effect on the Trust’s financial position and results of operations.
5. Indemnification
Under
the Trust’s organizational documents, the Trustee (and its directors, employees and agents) and the Sponsor (and its members,
managers, directors, officers, employees and affiliates) are indemnified by the Trust against any liability, cost or expense it
incurs without gross negligence, bad faith, willful misconduct or willful malfeasance on its part and without reckless disregard
on its part of its obligations and duties under the Trust’s organizational documents. The Trust’s maximum exposure
under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Trust that have not yet occurred.
abrdn
Gold ETF Trust