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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 8-K

 

 

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): July 24, 2023

 

 

GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   001-39894   85-1914700

(State or Other Jurisdiction

of Incorporation)

 

(Commission

File Number)

 

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

 

29 Hartwell Ave    
Lexington, Massachusetts     02421
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)     (Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (617) 616-8188

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)

 

 

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

 

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

 

Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

 

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

 

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Trading

Symbol(s)

 

Name of each exchange

on which registered

Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share   GRNA   The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Warrants, each exercisable for one share of Common Stock for $11.50 per share   GRNAW   The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  

 

 

 


Introductory Note

As previously disclosed in the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on May 30, 2023 (as amended on July 13, 2023), GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC, a Delaware corporation (“GreenLight” or the “Company”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 29, 2023 (the “Merger Agreement”), with SW ParentCo, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Parent”), and SW MergerCo, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Sub”), pursuant to which Merger Sub agreed to merge with and into the Company (the “Merger”), with the Company surviving the Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent (the “Surviving Corporation”).

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, and upon the terms and subject to the conditions thereof, Parent agreed to cause Merger Sub to commence a tender offer (the “Offer”), to acquire all of the outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (the “Company Common Stock”), other than certain excluded shares (including the Rollover Shares (as defined below)), for $0.30 per share, net to the seller in cash, without interest thereon (the “Offer Price”), and subject to any required withholding, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Merger Agreement. In connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, Parent and certain existing stockholders of the Company (the “Rollover Stockholders”) each entered into a Contribution and Exchange Agreement (collectively, the “Contribution and Exchange Agreements”) pursuant to which the Rollover Stockholders agreed to contribute in aggregate 120,521,038 shares of Company Common Stock (the “Rollover Shares”) to Parent, in exchange for shares of Series A-2 Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Parent.

The Offer expired at one minute after 11:59 p.m., New York City time, on July 19, 2023. Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, in its capacity as depositary for the Offer, advised that, as of the expiration of the Offer, a total of 18,736,159 shares of Company Common Stock were validly tendered and not validly withdrawn pursuant to the Offer, representing approximately 60.2% of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock other than Rollover Shares. In addition, Notices of Guaranteed Delivery have been delivered for 477,399 shares of Company Common Stock, representing approximately 1.5% of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock other than Rollover Shares. Each condition to the Offer was satisfied, and, on July 20, 2023, Merger Sub irrevocably accepted for payment all shares of Company Common Stock that were validly tendered and not withdrawn.

On July 24, 2023, following consummation of the Offer, Merger Sub merged with and into the Company, with the Company surviving the merger (the “Merger”). The Merger was completed pursuant to Section 251(h) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), with no vote of the Company’s shareholders required to consummate the Merger. At the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), each share of Company Common Stock was converted automatically into and the right to receive the Offer Price (other than shares of Company Common Stock (i) owned by the Company as treasury stock, (ii) owned by Merger Sub immediately before the Effective Time, (iii) that were irrevocably accepted by Merger Sub in the Offer, (iv) held by stockholders who have perfected their statutory rights of appraisal under Section 262 of the DGCL or (v) that are subject to the Contribution and Exchange Agreement, subject to applicable withholding). Also at the Effective Time, each share of capital stock of Merger Sub issued and outstanding immediately before the Effective Time was converted into and become one fully paid and non-assessable share of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Surviving Corporation.

At the Effective Time, each outstanding warrant to purchase shares of Company Common Stock (the “Warrants”) pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, dated January 13, 2021, by and between Environmental Impact Acquisition Corp. and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (the “Warrant Agreement”), in accordance with its terms, automatically and without any required action on the part of the holder thereof, became a Warrant exercisable for the Offer Price that such holder would have received if such Warrant had been exercised immediately prior to the Effective Time. If a holder of such Warrant properly exercises such Warrant within thirty (30) days following the public disclosure of the consummation of the Merger in this Current Report on Form 8-K, the holder of such Warrant will be entitled to receive proceeds of such exercise equal to the Black-Scholes Warrant Value (as defined in the Warrant Agreement) with respect to such Warrant, which would have been equal to $0.0220 per Warrant as of the close of trading on July 21, 2023, the last trading day prior to the Effective Time and the filing of this Current Report on Form 8-K. The exercise price of such Warrant shall be reduced to an amount equal to $0.2780 per Warrant, which is equal to the difference of the Merger Consideration minus the Black-Scholes Warrant Value. In order to be eligible to pay such reduced exercise price and receive such Black-Scholes Warrant Value, the


holder of such Warrant shall be required to validly exercise such Warrant, including, in the payment of the exercise price in cash or, to the extent permitted or the Company elects to so require under the Warrant Agreement, the exercise of such Warrant on a cashless basis in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Agreement on or prior to August 21, 2023.

The foregoing summary of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the full text of the Merger Agreement attached as Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company on May 30, 2023 and amended on July 13, 2023 and incorporated by reference.

 

Item 2.01.

Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets

On July 24, 2023, the Offer and the Merger were completed as described under “Introductory Note.”

The aggregate consideration paid by Merger Sub in the Offer and the Merger to purchase all outstanding shares of Company Common Stock (other than the Rollover Shares), was approximately $9.3 million. Parent provided Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, in its capacity as depositary for the Offer, with the funds necessary to complete payments of consideration to GreenLight stockholders in connection with the Offer and the Merger. The merger consideration was funded primarily through financing arrangements. Such financing included a Secured Convertible Note Purchase Agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”) between Parent and certain investors, to which the Company was a third party beneficiary, under which Parent issued $52.075 million of convertible secured promissory notes to the investors in connection with the signing of the Merger Agreement, inclusive of $15 million in advance notes, which were previously issued and the proceeds of which were funded to GreenLight, in each case in connection with the signing of the Merger Agreement.

The information contained in the Introductory Note of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 2.01.

 

Item 3.01.

Notice of Delisting or Failure to Satisfy a Continued Listing Rule or Standard; Transfer of Listing

In connection with the consummation of the Merger, the Company: (i) notified The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) of the consummation of the Merger; and (ii) requested that Nasdaq (x) suspend trading of shares of Company Common Stock and the Warrants on July 24, 2023, and (y) file with the SEC a Notification of Removal from Listing and/or Registration on Form 25 to delist and deregister the Shares and Warrants under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Additionally, the Company intends to file with the SEC a Certification and Notice of Termination of Registration on Form 15 under the Exchange Act, requesting that the Company’s reporting obligations under Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act be suspended, at the time such filing is permitted under SEC rules.

 

Item 3.03.

Material Modification to Rights of Security Holders

The information contained in the Introductory Note and Items 2.01 and 3.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.03.

 

Item 5.01.

Changes in Control of the Registrant

The disclosures under the Introductory Note, Item 2.01, Item 3.01, Item 5.02 and Item 5.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K are incorporated herein by reference.

As a result of the consummation of the Offer and the Merger, there was a change in control of GreenLight, and GreenLight became a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent.

 

Item 5.02.

Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers

At the Effective Time, each of Dr. Andrey J. Zarur, Jennifer Pardi, Dr. Charles L. Cooney, Eric O’Brien, Dr. Ganesh Kishore, Dr. Martha Schlicher and Matthew Walker resigned and ceased to be directors of the Company and members of any committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. These resignations were not a result of any disagreement between the Company and the directors on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices.


Effective immediately following these resignations, in connection with the closing of the Merger, Clay Mitchell became the sole director of the Company and President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of the Company. Information about the new director and executive officer is contained in the Offer to Purchase, June 21, 2023, filed by Parent and Purchaser as Exhibit (a)(1)(A) to the Tender Offer Statement on Schedule TO on June 21, 2023, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 5.03.

Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year

Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger, the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws were each amended and restated in their entirety. Copies of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws are attached as Exhibit 3.1 and Exhibit 3.2, respectively, to this Current Report on Form 8-K, and are incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 8.01.

Other Items

On July 20, 2023, the Company issued a press release announcing the completion of the Offer, and on July 24, 2023, the Company issued a press release announcing the completion of the Merger, which are attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 and Exhibit 99.2, respectively, and incorporated by reference into this Item 8.01.

 

Item 9.01.

Financial Statements and Exhibits

(d) The following exhibits are included with this Report:

 

Exhibit

Number

   Description
  2.1*    Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 29, 2023, by and among Greenlight Biosciences Holdings, PBC, SW ParentCo, Inc. and SW MergerCo, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K filed by GreenLight with the SEC on May 30, 2023).
  3.1    Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Greenlight Biosciences Holdings, PBC.
  3.2    Bylaws of Greenlight Biosciences Holdings, PBC.
99.1    Press Release, dated July 20, 2023.
99.2    Press Release, dated July 24, 2023.
104    Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

 

*

Schedules omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Company agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule to the SEC upon request; provided, however, that the Company may request confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for any schedules or exhibits so furnished.


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

    GREENLIGHT BIOSCIENCES HOLDINGS, PBC
Date: July 24, 2023     By:  

/s/ Nina Thayer

      Nina Thayer
      General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer & Corporate Secretary

Exhibit 3.1

THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

OF

GREENLIGHT BIOSCIENCES HOLDINGS, PBC

A PUBLIC BENEFIT CORPORATION

ARTICLE 1

The name of the public benefit corporation is GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC.

ARTICLE 2

The address of the Corporation’s registered office in the State of Delaware is c/o The Corporation Trust Company, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801 in the County of New Castle. The name of the corporation’s registered agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company.

ARTICLE 3

The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any act or activity to improve the public health and wellbeing of people and the environment by, among other things, engineering, developing and commercializing biological products that can reduce chemicals in the environment and promote health through delivery of high quality, affordable solutions that improve outcomes for people and the planet, and to engage in any other lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “General Corporation Law”).

ARTICLE 4

The total number of shares of all classes of stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is one thousand (1,000). All such shares are to be Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and are to be of one class.

ARTICLE 5

Except as otherwise provided in this Certificate of Incorporation, in furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by statute, the board of directors is expressly authorized to make, repeal, alter, amend and rescind any or all of the Bylaws of the Corporation.

ARTICLE 6

Elections of directors need not be by written ballot unless and to the extent the Bylaws of the Corporation shall so provide.

ARTICLE 7

Meetings of stockholders may be held within or without the State of Delaware, as the Bylaws may provide. The books of the Corporation may be kept (subject to any provision contained in the statutes) outside the State of Delaware at such place or places as may be designated from time to time by the board of directors or in the Bylaws of the Corporation.

 

1


ARTICLE 8

A. The liability of the directors for monetary damages shall be eliminated to the fullest extent under applicable law.

B. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Corporation is authorized to provide indemnification of (and advancement of expenses to) directors, officers and agents of the Corporation (and any other persons to which applicable law permits the Corporation to provide indemnification) through Bylaw provisions, agreements with such agents or other persons, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise in excess of the indemnification and advancement otherwise permitted by such applicable law. If applicable law is amended after approval by the stockholders of this Article 8 to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of a director to the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as so amended.

C. Any repeal or modification of this Article 8 shall only be prospective and shall not affect the rights or protections or increase the liability of any director under this Article 8 in effect at the time of the alleged occurrence of any act or omission to act giving rise to liability or indemnification.

ARTICLE 9

Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall (or, if and only if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware lacks subject matter jurisdiction, any state court located within the State of Delaware or, if and only if all such state courts lack subject matter jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware), to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be the sole and exclusive forum for: (A) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation; (B) any action or proceeding (including any class action) asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders; (C) any action or proceeding (including any class action) asserting a claim against the Corporation or any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation arising pursuant to any provision of the General Corporation Law, this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation; (D) any action or proceeding (including any class action) to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation; or (E) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation or any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any security of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this section.

 

2


ARTICLE 10

The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute, and all rights conferred upon stockholders herein are granted subject to this reservation.

 

3

Exhibit 3.2

BYLAWS

OF

GREENLIGHT BIOSCIENCES HOLDINGS, PBC.,

a public benefit corporation

ARTICLE I.

OFFICES

Section 1. Registered Office. The registered office shall be at the office of The Corporation Trust Company, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801.

Section 2. Other Offices. The corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may require.

ARTICLE II.

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

Section 1. Annual Meeting. An annual meeting of the stockholders for the election of directors shall be held at such place, if any, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated on an annual basis by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting. Meetings of stockholders for any other purpose may be held at such time and place, if any, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof. Any other proper business may be transacted at the annual meeting.

Section 2. Notice of Annual Meeting. Written notice of the annual meeting stating the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting.

Section 3. Voting List. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall prepare and make, or cause a third party to prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting: (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place, then the list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting.

Section 4. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders of the corporation, for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation, shall be called by the Chief Executive Officer, President or Secretary at the request in writing of a majority of the members of the Board of Directors or holders of at least ten percent of the total voting power of all outstanding shares of stock of the corporation then entitled to vote, and may not be called absent such a request. Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting.


Section 5. Notice of Special Meetings. As soon as reasonably practicable after receipt of a request as provided in Section 4 of this Article II, written notice of a special meeting, stating the place, if any, date (which shall be not less than ten nor more than sixty days from the date of the notice) and hour of the special meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such special meeting, and the purpose or purposes for which the special meeting is called, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such special meeting.

Section 6. Scope of Business at Special Meeting. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.

Section 7. Quorum. The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business, except as otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the chairman of the meeting or the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified. If the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting as provided in Section 5 of this Article II.

Section 8. Qualifications to Vote. The stockholders of record on the books of the corporation at the close of business on the record date as determined by the Board of Directors and only such stockholders shall be entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof.

Section 9. Record Date. The Board of Directors may fix a record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any stockholders’ meeting and at any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action. The record date shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting, and not more than sixty days prior to any other action. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

Section 10. Action at Meetings. When a quorum is present at any meeting, the vote of the holders of a majority of the stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy shall decide any question brought before such meeting, unless the question is one upon which by express provision of applicable law or of the Certificate of Incorporation, a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question.


Section 11. Voting and Proxies. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, each stockholder shall at every meeting of the stockholders be entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of the capital stock having voting power held by such stockholder, but no proxy shall be voted on after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Each proxy shall be revocable unless expressly provided therein to be irrevocable and unless it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power.

Section 12. Action by Stockholders Without a Meeting. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the corporation, or any action that may be taken at any annual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware (by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested), to its principal place of business, or to an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded; provided, however, that action by written consent to elect directors, if less than unanimous, shall be in lieu of holding an annual meeting only if all the directorships to which directors could be elected at an annual meeting held at the effective time of such action are vacant and are filled by such action. Prompt notice of the taking of corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing and who, if the action had been taken at a meeting, would have been entitled to notice of the meeting if the record date for such meeting had been the date that written consents signed by a sufficient number of stockholders to take the action were delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware (by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested), to its principal place of business or to an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings or meetings of stockholders are recorded.

An electronic transmission consenting to an action to be taken and transmitted by a stockholder or by a person authorized to act for a stockholder, shall be deemed to be written, signed and dated for the purposes of this Section 12, provided that such electronic transmission sets forth or is delivered with information from which the corporation can determine (i) that the electronic transmission was transmitted by the stockholder or by a person authorized to act for the stockholder and (ii) the date on which such stockholder or authorized person transmitted such electronic transmission. The date on which such electronic transmission is transmitted shall be deemed to be the date on which such consent was signed. No consent given by electronic transmission shall be deemed to have been delivered until such consent is reproduced in paper form and until such paper form shall be delivered to its registered office in Delaware (by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested), to its principal place of business or to an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Notwithstanding the foregoing limitations on delivery, consents given by electronic transmission may be otherwise delivered to the principal place of business of the corporation or to an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded if, to the extent and in the manner in which the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. Any copy, facsimile or other reliable reproduction of a consent in writing may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing for any and all purposes for which the original writing could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing.


Section 13. Meeting by Remote Communication. If authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, and subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board of Directors may adopt, stockholders not physically present at a meeting of stockholders may, by means of remote communication participate in a meeting of stockholders and be deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of stockholders whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication, provided that (i) the corporation shall implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at such meeting by means of remote communication is a stockholder; (ii) the corporation shall implement reasonable measures to provide such stockholders a reasonable opportunity to participate in such meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of such meeting substantially concurrently with such proceedings; and (iii) if any stockholder votes or takes other action at such meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be maintained by the corporation.

ARTICLE III.

DIRECTORS

Section 1. Powers. The business of the corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of its Board of Directors, which may exercise all such powers of the corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by applicable law or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

Section 2. Number; Election; Tenure and Qualification. The number of directors that shall constitute the whole board shall be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors or by the stockholders at an annual meeting of the stockholders (unless the directors are elected by written consent in lieu of an annual meeting as provided in Article II, Section 12). With the exception of the first Board of Directors, which shall be elected by the incorporator, and except as provided in the corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation or in Section 3 of this Article III, the directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders by a plurality vote of the shares represented in person or by proxy and each director elected shall hold office until his or her successor is elected and qualified unless he or she shall resign, become disqualified, disabled or otherwise removed. Directors need not be stockholders.

Section 3. Vacancies and Newly Created Directorships. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, vacancies and newly-created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. The directors so chosen shall serve until the next annual election and until their successors are duly elected and shall qualify, unless sooner displaced. If there are no directors in office, then an election of directors may be held in the manner provided by applicable law. If, at the time of filling any vacancy or any newly created directorship, the directors then in office shall constitute less than a majority of the whole board (as constituted immediately prior to any such increase), the Court of Chancery may, upon application of any stockholder or stockholders holding at least ten percent of the total number of shares at the time outstanding having the right to vote for such directors, summarily order an election to be held to fill any such vacancies or newly created directorships, or to replace the directors chosen by the directors then in office.

Section 4. Location of Meetings. The Board of Directors of the corporation may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware.

Section 5. Meeting of Newly Elected Board of Directors. The first meeting of each newly elected Board of Directors shall be held immediately following the annual meeting of stockholders and no notice of such meeting shall be necessary to the newly elected directors in order legally to constitute the meeting, provided a quorum shall be present. In the event such meeting is not held at such time, the meeting may be held at such time and place as shall be specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the Board of Directors, or as shall be specified in a written waiver signed by all of the directors.


Section 6. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors; provided that any director who is absent when such a determination is made shall be given notice of such location.

Section 7. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chief Executive Officer or President on two days’ notice to each director by mail, overnight courier service, electronic mail or facsimile; special meetings shall be called by the Chief Executive Officer, President or Secretary in a like manner and on like notice on the written request of two directors unless the Board of Directors consists of only one director, in which case special meetings shall be called by the Chief Executive Officer, President or Secretary in a like manner and on like notice on the written request of the sole director. Notice may be waived in accordance with Section 229 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.

Section 8. Quorum and Action at Meetings. At all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the directors then in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

Section 9. Action Without a Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.

Section 10. Telephonic Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

Section 11. Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole board, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.

Section 12. Committee Authority. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority in reference to (a) approving, adopting or recommending to the stockholders any action or matter expressly required by the Delaware General Corporation Law to be submitted to stockholders for approval or (b) adopting, amending or repealing any Bylaw of the corporation. Such committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.


Section 13. Committee Minutes. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required to do so by the Board of Directors.

Section 14. Directors’ Compensation. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.

Section 15. Resignation. Any director or officer of the corporation may resign at any time. Each such resignation shall be made in writing or by electronic transmission and shall take effect at the time specified therein, or, if no time is specified, at the time of its receipt by either the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective unless expressly so provided in the resignation.

Section 16. Removal. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or applicable law, any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of shares entitled to vote at an election of directors.

ARTICLE IV.

NOTICES

Section 1. Notice to Directors and Stockholders. Whenever, under the provisions of the statutes or of the Certificate of Incorporation or of these Bylaws, notice is required to be given to any director or stockholder, it shall not be construed to mean personal notice, but such notice may be given (i) by electronic transmission when such director or stockholder has consented to the delivery of notice in such form, and such notice shall be deemed to be given when directed to the proper facsimile number, electronic mail address or other proper electronic destination or (ii) in writing, by mail, addressed to such director or stockholder, at his or her address as it appears on the records of the corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United States mail. An affidavit of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or of the transfer agent or other agent of the corporation that the notice has been given shall in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein. Notice to directors may also be given by telephone (with confirmation of receipt).

Section 2. Waiver. Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of the statutes or of the Certificate of Incorporation or of these Bylaws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto. The written or electronic waiver need not specify the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders, directors, or members of a committee of directors. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Attendance at the meeting is not a waiver of any right to object to the consideration of matters required by the Delaware General Corporation Law to be included in the notice of the meeting but not so included, if such objection is expressly made at the meeting.


ARTICLE V.

OFFICERS

Section 1. Enumeration. The officers of the corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and shall include a Chief Executive Officer and/or a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer or Chief Financial Officer and such other officers with such other titles as the Board of Directors shall determine. The Board of Directors may elect from among its members a Chairman or Chairmen of the Board and a Vice Chairman of the Board. The Board of Directors may also choose one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, unless the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws otherwise provide.

Section 2. Election. The Board of Directors at its first meeting after each annual meeting of stockholders shall elect a Chief Executive Officer and/or a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer or Chief Financial Officer and such other officers with such other titles as the Board of Directors shall determine.

Section 3. Appointment of Other Agents. The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers and agents as it shall deem necessary, who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors.

Section 4. Compensation. The salaries of all officers of the corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof. The salaries of agents of the corporation shall, unless fixed by the Board of Directors, be fixed by the Chief Executive Officer, President or any Vice President of the corporation.

Section 5. Tenure. The officers of the corporation shall hold office until their successors are chosen and qualify. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors of the Board of Directors. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the corporation shall be filled by the Board of Directors.

Section 6. Chairman of the Board and Vice Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board, if any, shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and of the stockholders at which the Chairman shall be present. The Chairman shall have and may exercise such powers as are, from time to time, assigned to the Chairman by the Board of Directors and as may be provided by law. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, if any, shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and of the stockholders at which the Vice Chairman shall be present. The Vice Chairman shall have and may exercise such powers as are, from time to time, assigned to such person by the Board of Directors and as may be provided by law.

Section 7. Chief Executive Officer; President. The President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation unless such title is assigned to another officer of the corporation. In the absence of a Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Board, the President or the Chief Executive Officer shall preside as the chairman of meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors; and the President and/or the Chief Executive Officer shall have general and active management of the business of the corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. The President and/or the Chief Executive Officer or any Vice President shall execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under the seal of the corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors to some other officer or agent of the corporation.


Section 8. Vice President. In the absence of the President or in the event of the President’s inability or refusal to act, the Vice President, if any (or in the event there be more than one Vice President, the Vice Presidents in the order designated by the Board of Directors, or in the absence of any designation, then in the order of their election) shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. The Vice President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.

Section 9. Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the proceedings of the meetings of the corporation and of the Board of Directors in a book to be kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the standing committees when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer or President, under whose supervision the Secretary shall be subject. The Secretary shall have custody of the corporate seal of the corporation and the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by the Secretary’s signature or by the signature of such Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the corporation and to attest the affixing by such officer’s signature.

Section 10. Assistant Secretary. The Assistant Secretary, or if there be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election) shall, in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of the Secretary’s inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.

Section 11. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, President or Chief Executive Officer, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the President, Chief Executive Officer and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all such transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the corporation. If required by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall give the corporation a bond (which shall be renewed every six years) in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of the Treasurer’s office and for the restoration to the corporation, in case of the Treasurer’s death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in the possession or under the control of the Treasurer that belongs to the corporation.

Section 12. Assistant Treasurer. The Assistant Treasurer, or if there be more than one, the Assistant Treasurers in the order determined by the Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election) shall, in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of the Treasurer’s inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.


ARTICLE VI.

CAPITAL STOCK

Section 1. Certificates. The shares of the corporation shall be represented by a certificate, unless and until the Board of Directors adopts a resolution permitting shares to be uncertificated. Certificates shall be signed by, or in the name of the corporation by, (a) the Chairman of the Board, the Vice-Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice-President, and (b) the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, certifying the number of shares owned by such stockholder in the corporation. Certificates may be issued for partly paid shares and in such case upon the face or back of the certificates issued to represent any such partly paid shares, the total amount of the consideration to be paid therefor and the amount paid thereon shall be specified.

Section 2. Class or Series. If the corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate that the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, provided that, except as otherwise provided in Section 202 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate that the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated stock, the corporation shall send to the registered owner thereof a written notice containing the information required to be set forth or stated on certificates pursuant to Sections 151, 156, 202(a) or 218(a) of the Delaware General Corporation Law or a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge, to each stockholder who so requests, the powers, designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.

Section 3. Signature. Any of or all of the signatures on a certificate may be facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

Section 4. Lost Certificates. The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or certificates, or such owner’s legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as it shall require and/or to give the corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.

Section 5. Record Date. In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other action. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.


Section 6. Registered Stockholders. The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.

ARTICLE VII.

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1. Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation, subject to the applicable provisions, if any, of the Certificate of Incorporation, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, or for such other purposes as the Board of Directors shall think conducive to the interest of the corporation, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.

Section 2. Checks. All checks or demands for money and notes of the corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.

Section 3. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

Section 4. Seal. The Board of Directors may adopt a corporate seal having inscribed thereon the name of the corporation, the year of its organization and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware”. The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

Section 5. Loans. The Board of Directors of the corporation may, without stockholder approval, authorize loans to, or guaranty obligations of, or otherwise assist, including, without limitation, the adoption of employee benefit plans under which loans and guarantees may be made, any officer or other employee of the corporation or of its subsidiary, including any officer or employee who is a director of the corporation or its subsidiary, whenever, in the judgment of the Board of Directors, such loan, guaranty or assistance may reasonably be expected to benefit the corporation. The loan, guaranty or other assistance may be with or without interest, and may be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the Board of Directors shall approve, including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of stock of the corporation.

ARTICLE VIII.

INDEMNIFICATION

Section 1. Scope. The corporation may, to the fullest extent permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, as that Section may be amended and supplemented from time to time, indemnify any director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, amounts paid in settlement and/or other matters referred to, in or covered by, that Section, by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise.


Section 2. Advancing Expenses. Expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by a present or former director or officer of the corporation in defending a civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation (or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise) may be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as authorized by relevant provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law; provided, however, the corporation shall not be required to advance such expenses to a director (i) who commences any action, suit or proceeding as a plaintiff unless such advance is specifically approved by a majority of the Board of Directors or (ii) who is a party to an action, suit or proceeding brought by the corporation and approved by a majority of the Board of Directors that alleges willful misappropriation of corporate assets by such director, disclosure of confidential information in violation of such director’s fiduciary or contractual obligations to the corporation or any other willful and deliberate breach in bad faith of such director’s duty to the corporation or its stockholders.

Section 3. Liability Offset. The corporation’s obligation to provide indemnification under this Article VIII shall be offset to the extent the indemnified party is indemnified by any other source including, but not limited to, any applicable insurance coverage under a policy maintained by the corporation, the indemnified party or any other person.

Section 4. Continuing Obligation. The provisions of this Article VIII shall be deemed to be a contract between the corporation and each director of the corporation who serves in such capacity at any time while this bylaw is in effect, and any repeal or modification thereof shall not affect any rights or obligations then existing with respect to any state of facts then or theretofore existing or any action, suit or proceeding theretofore or thereafter brought based in whole or in part upon any such state of facts.

Section 5. Nonexclusive. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided for in this Article VIII shall (i) not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those indemnified may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement or vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in their official capacities and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, (ii) continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director and (iii) inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

Section 6. Other Persons. In addition to the indemnification rights of directors, officers, employees, or agents of the corporation, the Board of Directors in its discretion shall have the power on behalf of the corporation to indemnify any other person made a party to any action, suit or proceeding who the corporation may indemnify under Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.

Section 7. Definitions. The phrases and terms set forth in this Article VIII shall be given the same meaning as the identical terms and phrases are given in Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, as that Section may be amended and supplemented from time to time.

ARTICLE IX.

AMENDMENTS

Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed, or new Bylaws may be adopted, by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting shares or by the Board of Directors, when such power is conferred upon the Board of Directors by the Certificate of Incorporation, at any regular meeting of the stockholders or of the Board of Directors or at


any special meeting of the stockholders or of the Board of Directors if notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption of new Bylaws be contained in the notice of such special meeting. If the power to adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws is conferred upon the Board of Directors by the Certificate of Incorporation, it shall not divest or limit the power of the stockholders to adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws.

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Exhibit 99.1

GreenLight Biosciences Announces Expiration of Tender Offer Period for Outstanding Shares

Completion of Previously Announced Merger and Going Private Transaction Expected July 20, 2023

Lexington, Mass. – July 20, 2023 – GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC (NASDAQ: GRNA) (“GreenLight” or the “Company”) today announced that it is initiating the final steps in closing its previously announced merger with SW MergerCo, Inc. (“Merger Sub”) and SW ParentCo, Inc (“Parent”). Following the completion of the Merger, shares of GreenLight common stock are expected to cease trading on the NASDAQ Global Market (“NASDAQ”) after market close on July 20, 2023, and will no longer be listed for trading on the NASDAQ. Merger Sub’s tender offer (the “Offer”) to purchase any and all outstanding shares of GreenLight’s common stock (other than shares of GreenLight common stock (i) owned by GreenLight as treasury stock (ii) owned by Merger Sub immediately before the effective time of the Merger, (iii) that were irrevocably accepted by Merger Sub in the Offer, (iv) held by stockholders who have perfected their statutory rights of appraisal under Section 262 of the Delaware General Corporate Law (“DGCL”) or (v) that are subject to the Contribution and Exchange Agreements entered into between Parent and certain stockholders of GreenLight (such stockholders, the “Rollover Stockholders”)) expired one minute after 11:59 p.m. (New York City time) on July 19, 2023. As of one minute after 11:59 p.m. (New York City time) on July 19,2023, a total of 18,791,264 shares of GreenLight common stock were validly tendered and not validly withdrawn pursuant to the Offer, representing approximately 60.4% of the outstanding shares of GreenLight common stock not otherwise owned by Merger Sub, its affiliates or the Rollover Stockholders. In addition, “Notices of Guaranteed Delivery” have been delivered for 477,399 shares of GreenLight common stock, representing approximately 1.5% of the outstanding shares not otherwise owned by Merger Sub, its affiliates or the Rollover Stockholders. Merger Sub intends to accept for payment in accordance with the terms of the Offer all shares of GreenLight common stock that were validly tendered and not validly withdrawn as of the expiration of the Offer.

Merger Sub will be merged with and into GreenLight, with GreenLight continuing as the surviving corporation that is wholly owned by the Parent. Each remaining share of GreenLight common stock not purchased in the Offer (other than shares of GreenLight common stock (i) owned by GreenLight as treasury stock, (ii) owned by Merger Sub immediately before the effective time of the Merger, (iii) that were irrevocably accepted by Merger Sub in the Offer, (iv) held by stockholders who have perfected their statutory rights of appraisal under Section 262 of the DGCL or (v) that are subject to the Contribution and Exchange Agreements entered into between Parent and the Rollover Stockholders) will be converted into the right to receive $0.30 in cash, without interest, and subject to deduction for any required withholding taxes.

About GreenLight Biosciences

GreenLight Biosciences aims to address some of the world’s biggest problems by delivering on the full potential of RNA for human health and agriculture. Our RNA platform allows us to research, design, and manufacture for human, animal, and plant health. In human health, this includes messenger RNA vaccines and therapeutics. In agriculture, this includes RNA to protect honeybees and a range of crops. The Company’s platform is protected by numerous patents. GreenLight is a public benefit corporation that trades under the ticker GRNA on Nasdaq. For more information, visit www.greenlightbiosciences.com.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained in this communication may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements, including statements containing the words “will,” “predicts,” “plans,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “goal,” “target,” “estimate,” “potential,” “may,” “might,” “could,” “see,” “seek,” “forecast,” and similar words. Forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s current plans and expectations, estimates and projections about the industry and markets in which the Company operates and the Company’s beliefs and assumptions as to the timing and outcome of future events, including related to the timing of, and costs associated with, the transactions described in this communication. While the Company’s management believes the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements are reasonable, such information is necessarily subject to uncertainties and may involve certain risks and uncertainties which are, in many instances, difficult to predict and beyond the Company’s control, and which could cause actual results to differ materially from those included in or contemplated or implied by the forward-looking


statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others: (i) the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstance that could give rise to the termination of the Merger Agreement; (ii) the failure to satisfy any of the other conditions to the completion of the proposed Merger, including the risk that Fall Line may not receive the requisite number of shares tendered from Company stockholders to complete the Offer prior to the outside date set forth in the Merger Agreement; (iii) the response of the Company’s competitors to the proposed Merger; (iv) the ability to meet expectations regarding the timing and completion of the proposed Merger; (v) significant costs associated with the proposed Merger; (vi) potential litigation relating to the proposed Merger; (vii) the outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against the parties and others following announcement of the Merger Agreement; (viii) the closing of the proposed financing; and (ix) the other risks, uncertainties and factors detailed in the Company’s most recent annual and quarterly reports filed with the SEC and any subsequent reports on Form 10-K, Form 10-Q or Form 8-K filed from time to time. As a result of such risks, uncertainties and factors, the Company’s actual results may differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements discussed in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained herein.

There can be no assurance that the proposed transactions will in fact be consummated. The Company cautions investors not to unduly rely on any forward-looking statements. The Company is providing the information in this communication as of this date and assumes no obligations to update the information included in this communication or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, and the Company does not intend to do so.

Contacts:Investor Contact:

Ingrid Fung

Director, Enterprise Operations and Strategy & Head of Investor Relations

GreenLight Biosciences

investors@greenlightbio.com

Exhibit 99.2

GreenLight Announces Completion of Merger with Fall Line Endurance Fund

Lexington, Mass., July 24, 2023 – GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC (NASDAQ: GRNA) (“GreenLight” or the “Company”) today announced the closing of its previously announced merger with SW MergerCo, Inc. (“Merger Sub”) and SW ParentCo, Inc. (“Parent”), pursuant to which Merger Sub merged with and into GreenLight with GreenLight surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent (the “Merger”). Following the completion of the Merger, shares of GreenLight common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and GreenLight warrants ceased trading on the NASDAQ Global Market (the “NASDAQ”) before market open on July 24, 2023, and will no longer be listed for trading on the NASDAQ. Each remaining share of GreenLight common stock not purchased in the Offer (other than shares of GreenLight common stock (i) owned by GreenLight as treasury stock, (ii) owned by Merger Sub immediately before the effective time of the Merger, (iii) that were irrevocably accepted by Merger Sub in the Offer, (iv) held by stockholders who have perfected their statutory rights of appraisal under Section 262 of the DGCL or (v) that are subject to the Contribution and Exchange Agreements entered into between Parent and certain stockholders of GreenLight) will be converted into the right to receive $0.30 in cash, without interest, and subject to deduction for any required withholding taxes.

Concurrent with the closing of the Merger, GreenLight completed its previously announced financing of $52.075 million from a syndicate of investors led by Fall Line Capital, LLC (“Fall Line”), of which $15 million had been previously funded in exchange for the issuance of $15 million of unsecured notes.

The combined company will operate as GreenLight Biosciences and continue to be led by Andrey J. Zarur, Ph.D., the Company’s CEO and President prior to the Merger, and certain other members of the GreenLight management team.

“This merger empowers GreenLight to operate with enhanced efficiency, advancing us closer to our mission of fostering healthy people and planet.” said Zarur. “We are excited to embark on this next chapter, leveraging the synergies created, as we pursue our goal of delivering market-leading RNA solutions.”

Advisors

Goodwin Procter LLP served as legal counsel to the Company. Roth Capital Partners, LLC served as financial advisor and Foley Hoag LLP served as legal counsel to the Special Committee. O’Melveny & Myers LLP served as legal counsel to Fall Line.

About GreenLight Biosciences

GreenLight Biosciences aims to address some of the world’s biggest problems by delivering on the full potential of RNA for human health and agriculture. Our RNA platform allows us to research, design, and manufacture for human, animal, and plant health. In human health, this includes messenger RNA vaccines and therapeutics. In agriculture, this includes RNA to protect honeybees and a range of crops. The Company’s platform is protected by numerous patents. GreenLight is a public benefit corporation that trades under the ticker GRNA on the NASDAQ. For more information, visit www.greenlightbiosciences.com.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained in this communication may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements, including statements containing the words “will,” “predicts,” “plans,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “goal,” “target,” “estimate,” “potential,” “may,” “might,” “could,” “see,” “seek,”


“forecast,” and similar words. Forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s current plans and expectations, estimates and projections about the industry and markets in which the Company operates and the Company’s beliefs and assumptions as to the timing and outcome of future events, including related to the timing of, and costs associated with, the transactions described in this communication, the future of the Company’s business, future plans and strategies and future conditions. While the Company’s management believes the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements are reasonable, such information is necessarily subject to uncertainties and may involve certain risks and uncertainties which are, in many instances, difficult to predict and beyond the Company’s control, and which could cause actual results to differ materially from those included in or contemplated or implied by the forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others: (i) the response of the Company’s competitors and business partners to the Merger; (ii) potential difficulties in employee retention as a result of the completion of the Merger; (iii) significant and/or unanticipated costs associated with the consummation of Merger or any of the transactions described herein; (iv) potential litigation relating to the Merger; (v) the outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against the parties and others related to the Merger; (vi) estimates regarding future revenue, expenses, capital requirements and need for additional financing; and (vii) the other risks, uncertainties and factors detailed in the Company’s most recent annual and quarterly reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any subsequent reports on Form 10-K, Form 10-Q or Form 8-K filed from time to time. As a result of such risks, uncertainties and factors, the Company’s actual results may differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements discussed in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained herein.

The Company cautions investors not to unduly rely on any forward-looking statements. The Company is providing the information in this communication as of this date and assumes no obligations to update the information included in this communication or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, and the Company does not intend to do so.

Contacts:

Investor Contact:

Ingrid Fung

Director, Enterprise Operations and Strategy & Head of Investor Relations

GreenLight Biosciences

investors@greenlightbio.com

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Document and Entity Information
Jul. 24, 2023
Document And Entity Information [Line Items]  
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Entity Central Index Key 0001822691
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31
Document Type 8-K
Document Period End Date Jul. 24, 2023
Entity Registrant Name GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, PBC
Entity Incorporation State Country Code DE
Entity File Number 001-39894
Entity Tax Identification Number 85-1914700
Entity Address, Address Line One 29 Hartwell Ave
Entity Address, City or Town Lexington
Entity Address, State or Province MA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 02421
City Area Code (617)
Local Phone Number 616-8188
Written Communications false
Soliciting Material false
Pre Commencement Tender Offer false
Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer false
Entity Emerging Growth Company true
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Common Stock Par Value 0.0001 Per Share 2 [Member]  
Document And Entity Information [Line Items]  
Security 12b Title Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol GRNA
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ
Warrants Each Exercisable For One Share Of Common Stock For 11.50 Per Share 1 [Member]  
Document And Entity Information [Line Items]  
Security 12b Title Warrants, each exercisable for one share of Common Stock for $11.50 per share
Trading Symbol GRNAW
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ

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