Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(MARK ONE)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-39630

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


Cayman Islands						98-1711963
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

Dorfstrasse 29
6300 Zug
Switzerland						N/A
(Address of principal executive offices)						(ZIP Code)

41 415108022

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Class A ordinary share, par value $0.0001 per share

MLTX

The Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 1, 2024, there were 63,063,929 Class A Ordinary Shares, $0.0001 par value (the "Class A Ordinary Shares"), and 841,269 Class C Ordinary Shares, $0.0001 par value (the "Class C Ordinary Shares"), issued and outstanding.

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION			2
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)			2
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets			2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss			3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes In Equity			4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements			7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			26
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			39
Item 4. Controls and Procedures			39
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION			41
Item 1. Legal Proceedings			41
Item 1A. Risk Factors			41
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			41
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities			41
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures			41
Item 5. Other Information			41
Item 6. Exhibits			42
SIGNATURES			43

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in USD, except share data)


	September 30, 2024 (Unaudited)		December 31, 2023
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	375,656,291	$	451,169,337
Short-term marketable debt securities	118,268,400		59,838,900


Other receivables	2,407,062		1,056,862
Prepaid expenses - current	15,984,425		2,102,203

Total current assets	512,316,178		514,167,302

Non-current assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3,251,197		3,628,480
Property and equipment, net	581,378		320,865
Prepaid expenses - non-current	2,064,575		8,423,468




Total non-current assets	5,897,150		12,372,813
Total assets	$	518,213,328	$	526,540,115

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables	$	10,710,603	$	1,837,684
Short-term portion of operating lease liabilities	1,444,893		1,197,876

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	7,925,524		6,930,120


Total current liabilities	20,081,020		9,965,680

Non-current liabilities
Long-term portion of operating lease liabilities	1,935,709		2,499,990
Pension liability	694,959		583,426

Total non-current liabilities	2,630,668		3,083,416
Total liabilities	22,711,688		13,049,096
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)

Equity



Class A Ordinary Shares: $0.0001 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 63,046,025 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024; 60,466,453 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023	6,305		6,047
Class C Ordinary Shares: $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 841,269 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024; 2,505,476 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023	84		251
Additional paid-in capital	675,343,443		609,969,236
Accumulated deficit	(189,988,477)		(116,657,472)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	2,833,970		2,357,621
Total shareholders’ equity	488,195,325		495,675,683
Noncontrolling interests	7,306,315		17,815,336
Total equity	495,501,640		513,491,019
Total liabilities and equity	$	518,213,328	$	526,540,115

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023


Operating expenses
Research and development	$	(35,735,514)	$	(7,585,136)	$	(72,411,709)	$	(23,704,087)
General and administrative	(7,376,495)		(5,391,607)		(21,099,001)		(15,390,117)
Total operating expenses	(43,112,009)		(12,976,743)		(93,510,710)		(39,094,204)
Operating loss	(43,112,009)		(12,976,743)		(93,510,710)		(39,094,204)

Other income, net	7,089,691		1,386,313		18,903,070		2,952,557



Loss before income tax	(36,022,318)		(11,590,430)		(74,607,640)		(36,141,647)

Income tax expense	(92,106)		(28,923)		(241,059)		(50,080)
Net loss	$	(36,114,424)	$	(11,619,353)	$	(74,848,699)	$	(36,191,727)
Of which: net loss attributable to controlling interests shareholders	(35,390,337)		(9,426,049)		(73,331,005)		(28,570,184)
Of which: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests shareholders	(724,087)		(2,193,304)		(1,517,694)		(7,621,543)

Net unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities and short term investments	(325,510)		3,437,291		508,860		3,046,538

Actuarial gain (loss) on employee benefit plans	(115,629)		39,157		(110,878)		(19,323)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(441,139)		3,476,448		397,982		3,027,215
Comprehensive loss	$	(36,555,563)	$	(8,142,905)	$	(74,450,717)	$	(33,164,512)
Comprehensive loss attributable to controlling interests shareholders	(35,822,526)		(6,590,259)		(72,941,435)		(26,095,926)
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(733,037)		(1,552,646)		(1,509,282)		(7,068,586)

Weighted-average number of Class A Ordinary Shares, basic and diluted	62,896,782		53,517,655		62,803,220		45,485,650
Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to controlling interests shareholders	$	(0.56)	$	(0.18)	$	(1.17)	$	(0.63)

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(Amounts in USD, except share data)

(Unaudited)


	Class A Ordinary Shares	Class C Ordinary Shares			Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Total Shareholders' Equity		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity
		Shares	Amount															Shares		Amount
Balance at December 31, 2022		38,977,600	$	3,898			13,723,511	$	1,373	$	129,192,291	$	(80,650,212)	$	350,946	$	48,898,296	$	19,868,402	$	68,766,698
Share-based compensation under the ESPP, ESOP, Equity Incentive Plan and reverse vesting of Restricted Founder Shares		—	—				—	—		1,875,992		—		—		1,875,992		701,195		2,577,187
Refund of stamp duty fees		—	—				—	—		3,517		—		—		3,517		1,406		4,923
Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023		—	—				—	—		—		(9,004,856)		—		(9,004,856)		(3,214,131)		(12,218,987)
Other comprehensive loss		—	—				—	—		—		—		(12,625)		(12,625)		(5,047)		(17,672)
Conversion of MoonLake Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares		176,603	18				(176,603)	(18)		237,049		—		1,787		238,836		(238,836)		—
Balance at March 31, 2023		39,154,203	$	3,916			13,546,908	$	1,355	$	131,308,849	$	(89,655,068)	$	340,108	$	41,999,160	$	17,112,989	$	59,112,149
Share-based compensation under the ESPP, ESOP, Equity Incentive Plan and reverse vesting of Restricted Founder Shares		—	—				—	—		1,247,416		—		—		1,247,416		250,245		1,497,661
Issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares, net of transaction costs (Note 11)		9,744,894	974				—	—		451,284,119		—		—		451,285,093		—		451,285,093
Net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2023		—	—				—	—		—		(10,139,279)		—		(10,139,279)		(2,214,108)		(12,353,387)
Other comprehensive loss		—	—				—	—		—		—		(348,906)		(348,906)		(82,655)		(431,561)
Conversion of MoonLake Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares		4,587,713	459				(4,587,713)	(459)		5,709,595		—		43,922		5,753,517		(5,753,517)		—
Balance at June 30, 2023		53,486,810	$	5,349			8,959,195	$	896	$	589,549,979	$	(99,794,347)	$	35,124	$	489,797,001	$	9,312,954	$	499,109,955
Share-based compensation under the equity incentive plan ESPP, ESOP, and 2022 MoonLake Immunotherapeutics Equity Incentive Plan		—	—				—	—		1,238,144		—		—		1,238,144		187,507		1,425,651
Net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2023		—	—				—	—		—		(9,426,049)		—		(9,426,049)		(2,193,304)		(11,619,353)
Other comprehensive income		—	—				—	—		—		—		2,835,790		2,835,790		640,658		3,476,448
Conversion of MoonLake Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares		74,678	7				(74,678)	(7)		545,591		—		3,149		548,740		(548,740)		—
Capital injection from MoonLake to MoonLake AG (Note 11)		—	—				—	—		(60,061,761)		—		1,135		(60,060,626)		57,310,111		(2,750,515)
Balance at September 30, 2023		53,561,488	$	5,356			8,884,517	$	889	$	531,271,953	$	(109,220,396)	$	2,875,198	$	424,933,000	$	64,709,186	$	489,642,186

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(Amounts in USD, except share data)

(Unaudited)


	Class A Ordinary Shares	Class C Ordinary Shares			Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Total Shareholders' Equity		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity
		Shares	Amount															Shares		Amount
Balance at December 31, 2023		60,466,453	$	6,047			2,505,476	$	251	$	609,969,236	$	(116,657,472)	$	2,357,621	$	495,675,683	$	17,815,336	$	513,491,019
Share-based compensation under the ESPP and Equity Incentive Plan		—	—				—	—		1,693,101		—		—		1,693,101		(15,893)		1,677,208
Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024		—	—				—	—		—		(13,673,656)		—		(13,673,656)		(301,865)		(13,975,521)
Other comprehensive income		—	—				—	—		—		—		257,949		257,949		5,554		263,503
Conversion of MoonLake Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares		1,493,356	149				(1,493,356)	(149)		10,536,980		—		76,603		10,613,583		(10,613,583)		—
Buyback of unvested MoonLake AG Common Shares by MoonLake AG into treasury following an employee contract termination (Note 11)		—	—				—	—		113,154		—		904		114,058		(114,108)		(50)
Capital injection from MoonLake to MoonLake AG (Note 11)		—	—				—	—		(4,667,196)		—		19		(4,667,177)		3,057,216		(1,609,961)
Cancellation of MoonLake Class C Ordinary Shares following an employee contract termination in MoonLake AG (Note 11)		—	—				(16,853)	(2)		2		—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares, net of transaction costs (Note 11)		914,828	91				—	—		52,540,099		—		—		52,540,190		—		52,540,190
Balance at March 31, 2024		62,874,637	$	6,287			995,267	$	100	$	670,185,376	$	(130,331,128)	$	2,693,096	$	542,553,731	$	9,832,657	$	552,386,388
Share-based compensation under the ESPP and Equity Incentive Plan		—	—				—	—		1,813,207		—		—		1,813,207		15,038		1,828,245
Net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2024		—	—				—	—		—		(24,267,012)		—		(24,267,012)		(491,742)		(24,758,754)
Other comprehensive income		—	—				—	—		—		—		563,811		563,811		11,807		575,618

Balance at June 30, 2024		62,874,637	$	6,287			995,267	$	100	$	671,998,583	$	(154,598,140)	$	3,256,907	$	520,663,737	$	9,367,760	$	530,031,497
Share-based compensation under the ESPP and Equity Incentive Plan		—	—				—	—		1,827,571		—		—		1,827,571		15,038		1,842,609
Net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2024		—	—				—	—		—		(35,390,337)		—		(35,390,337)		(724,087)		(36,114,424)
Other comprehensive loss		—	—				—	—		—		—		(432,189)		(432,189)		(8,950)		(441,139)
Conversion of MoonLake Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares		153,998	16				(153,998)	(16)		1,336,078		—		9,252		1,345,330		(1,345,330)		—
Options exercised under the Equity Incentive Plan (Note 11)		17,390	2				—	—		91,296		—		—		91,298		—		91,298
Refund of stamp duty fees for prior capital injection from MoonLake to MoonLake AG (Note 11)		—	—				—	—		89,915		—		—		89,915		1,884		91,799
Balance at September 30, 2024		63,046,025	$	6,305			841,269	$	84	$	675,343,443	$	(189,988,477)	$	2,833,970	$	488,195,325	$	7,306,315	$	495,501,640

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts in USD)

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Cash flow from operating activities
Net loss	$	(74,848,699)	$	(36,191,727)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	83,440		9,869
Share-based compensation expense	5,348,062		5,500,499

Net periodic pension benefit (gain) cost for the qualified pension plan	(2,678)		(50,740)
Other non-cash items	1,189,056		96,364
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other receivables	(1,350,200)		(503,626)


Operating lease right-of-use assets	(5,443)		—
Prepaid expenses	(7,523,329)		869,187
Trade and other payables	8,872,919		3,149,756
Operating lease liabilities	(872,121)		(117,832)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	995,404		(3,195,591)


Net cash flow used in operating activities	(68,113,589)		(30,433,841)

Cash flow from investing activities
Purchase of short-term marketable debt securities	(203,334,691)		(175,732,711)
Proceeds from maturities of short-term marketable debt securities	145,414,050		33,681,688
Purchase of property and equipment	(343,953)		—
Net cash flow used in investing activities	(58,264,594)		(142,051,023)

Cash flow from financing activities

Issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares, net of transaction costs	52,540,190		451,285,093
Stamp duty on capital injection from MoonLake to MoonLake AG	(1,470,436)		—
Proceeds from options exercised under the Equity Incentive Plan	91,298		—





Buyback of unvested MoonLake AG Common Shares by MoonLake AG following an employee contract termination	(50)		—


Net cash flow provided by financing activities	51,161,002		451,285,093

Effect of movements in exchange rates on cash held	(295,865)		(140,047)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(75,513,046)		278,660,182

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	451,169,337		39,505,627
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	375,656,291	$	318,165,809

Supplementary disclosure of cash flow information:

Non-cash operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	554,857	$	—

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

Note 1 — Overview of the Company

Corporate Information

MoonLake Immunotherapeutics is a clinical stage biotechnology company advancing therapies to address significant unmet needs in inflammatory skin and joint diseases. MoonLake Immunotherapeutics is currently a single asset company focused on the development of Sonelokimab (“SLK”), a novel tri-specific IL-17A and IL-17F inhibiting Nanobody that has the potential, based on response levels seen in clinical trials, to drive disease modification in dermatology and rheumatology patients.

Unless the context otherwise requires, “MoonLake” and the “Company” refer to the combined company following the Business Combination (as defined in Note 2 — Business Combination Agreement with Helix and Recapitalization included in MoonLake’s audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in MoonLake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 29, 2024 (the “Annual Report”)) consummated on April 5, 2022, together with its subsidiaries.

Note 2 — Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include those of the Company and its subsidiaries, MoonLake Immunotherapeutics AG, a Swiss stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft) registered with the commercial register of the Canton of Zug, Switzerland under the number CHE-433.093.536 (“MoonLake AG”), MoonLake Immunotherapeutics Ltd., a private limited company incorporated in the United Kingdom, and MNLK Immunotherapeutics, Unipessoal Lda ("MNLK PT"), a private limited company incorporated in Portugal, after elimination of all intercompany accounts and transactions. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes hereto have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) as set forth by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and in conformity with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the FASB.

In the opinion of management, all material adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial information, which are of a normal and recurring nature, have been made for the interim periods reported. Results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire fiscal year or any other period. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared on the same basis as and should be read in conjunction with MoonLake’s audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in the Annual Report.

All amounts are presented in U.S. Dollar (“$”), unless otherwise indicated. The term “Swiss franc” and “CHF” refer to the legal currency of Switzerland, "GBP" refers to the legal currency of the United Kingdom, and “€” and "Euro" refer to the legal currency of Portugal.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses. The significant judgments, estimates and assumptions relevant to the Company relate to:

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

•determining whether the in-process research and development expenditure (“IPR&D”) has an alternative future use;

•determining assumptions used in estimating the fair value of share-based compensation;

•estimating the recoverability of the deferred tax asset; and

•estimating the amount of accruals in connection with the completion of clinical trial milestones.

The Company bases its judgments and estimates on various factors and information, which may include, but are not limited to, the Company’s forecasts and future plans, current economic conditions and observable market-based transactions of its own shares, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities and recorded amounts of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. To the extent there are material differences between the Company’s estimates and the actual results, the Company’s future results of operation may be affected.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value. As of September 30, 2024, the Company considers $59.8 million of short-term marketable debt securities in the form of eurocommercial papers and certificates of deposit to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2023, the Company considered $129.4 million of short-term marketable debt securities in the form of eurocommercial papers and certificates of deposit to be cash equivalents.

Marketable securities and short-term investments

The Company invests in short-term marketable securities in the form of debt securities. At the time of purchase, the Company assesses whether such debt security should be classified as held-to-maturity or available-for-sale debt securities.

Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Held-to-maturity debt securities are carried at amortized cost, adjusted for accretion of discounts or amortization of premiums to maturity computed under the effective interest method. Such accretion or amortization is included in “Interest and dividend income”. Marketable debt securities not classified as held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value.

Net unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities are excluded from the determination of earnings and are instead recognized in the “Accumulated other comprehensive income” component of equity until realized. Realized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities are computed based upon the historical cost of these securities, using the specific identification method.

A decline in the fair value of any security below cost that is deemed other than temporary results in a charge to earnings and the corresponding establishment of a new cost basis for the security. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses are included in "Other income" and the cost of securities sold is determined using the specific-identification method.

Marketable debt securities are classified as either “Cash and cash equivalents” or “Short‑term marketable debt securities” according to their original maturity at the time of acquisition. Changes in unrealized gains and losses pertaining to cash equivalent securities are added back into the consolidated statements of cash flows as those are excluded from the determination of earnings but impact the cash and cash equivalents position.

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash accounts in large financial institutions which, at times, may exceed the CHF 100,000 deposit protection limit in Switzerland, the $250,000 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation deposit insurance coverage limit in the United States, the GBP 85,000 Financial Services Compensation Scheme deposit protection limit in the United Kingdom, or the €100,000 Fundo de Garantia de Depósitos deposit protection limit in Portugal. The Company believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial strength of the depository institutions in which the cash and cash equivalents are held. Additionally, the Company ensures further protection against credit risk by diversifying its cash holdings across a variety of credit institutions, thereby minimizing the potential impact of any adverse events on a single institution. Further, the Company's investment strategy for cash (in excess of current business requirements) is set to invest in short-term marketable debt securities. Management actively monitors credit risk in the investment portfolio. Credit risk exposures are controlled in accordance with policies approved by the board of directors to identify, measure, monitor and control credit risks.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company follows the guidance included in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

There are three levels of inputs to fair value measurements:

•Level 1, meaning the use of quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

•Level 2, meaning the use of quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active or are directly or indirectly observable; and

•Level 3, meaning the use of unobservable inputs. Observable market data is used when available.

Transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 within the fair value hierarchy are recognized at the end of the reporting period when the respective transaction occurred.

Segment Information

The Company operates as a single operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, its Chief Executive Officer, manages the Company’s operations on a stand-alone basis for the purposes of allocating resources and assessing financial performance.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of three to five years. As of September 30, 2024, property and equipment, net relates to information technology, office equipment, and leasehold improvements.

Research and Development Contract Costs and Accruals

Research and development expenses include employee payroll, consulting, contract research and contract manufacturing costs attributable to research and development activities and are expensed as incurred.

Upfront payments and milestone payments made for the licensing of technology are expensed as research and development expenses in the period in which it is probable that a liability has been incurred. Advance payments for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are recorded as prepaid expenses. The prepaid amounts are expensed as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed.

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

The Company has entered into various research and development contracts with companies both inside and outside of the United States. These agreements are generally cancellable, and related payments are recorded as research and development expenses as incurred. The Company records accruals for estimated ongoing research costs. When evaluating the adequacy of the accrued liabilities, the Company analyzes progress of the studies or trials, including the phase or completion of events, invoices received and contracted costs. Significant judgments and estimates are made in determining the accrued balances at the end of any reporting period. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates. The Company’s historical accrual estimates have not been materially different from the actual costs.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation expense based on estimated fair values for all stock-based payment awards made to eligible employees, members of the board of directors and independent contractors that are expected to vest.

The valuation of stock option awards is determined at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the Company to make assumptions and judgements about the inputs used in the calculations, such as the fair value of the common stock, expected term, expected volatility of the Company’s common stock, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yield. The valuation of restricted stock awards is measured by the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant.

For all stock options granted, the Company calculated the expected term as the period that share-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The estimate of expected volatility is based on comparative companies’ volatility within the Company's industry. The risk-free rate is based on the yield available on United States Treasury zero-coupon issues corresponding to the expected term of the award.

The fair value of the common stock granted under the ESPP (as defined in Note 13 — Share-based compensation) has historically been estimated by management with reference to the market-based transaction with its Series A investors, as there was no public market for the common stock.

Share-based payment arrangements are accounted for under the fair value method. Total compensation is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award at that date, and recorded in earnings over the period the employees are required to render service. The Company recognizes compensation cost only for those awards expected to meet the service conditions on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award.

Foreign Currency

The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Balances and transactions denominated in foreign currencies are converted as follows: monetary assets and liabilities are translated using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates and non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical exchange rates. Revenue and expenses are translated at the daily exchange rate on the respective accounting date.

Gains or losses from foreign currency translation are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in "other income, net". The Company recognized foreign currency transaction loss of $26,746 and $125,581 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and a foreign currency transaction loss of $557,144 and $276,491 for three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes by using the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is recorded to the extent it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the Company's deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in operations in the period that includes the enactment date.

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

Net Loss per Class A Ordinary Shares

Basic net loss per Class A Ordinary Share is calculated using the two-class method under which earnings are allocated to both Class A Ordinary Shares and participating securities. Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to Class A Ordinary Shares by the weighted-average number of Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding for the period. The diluted net loss per Class A Ordinary Share is computed by dividing the net loss using the weighted-average number of Class A Ordinary Shares and, if dilutive, potential Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding during the period.

In periods in which the Company reports a net loss attributable to shareholders of Class A Ordinary Shares, diluted net loss per share attributable to shareholders of Class A Ordinary Shares is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to shareholders of Class A Ordinary Shares, since dilutive Class A Ordinary Shares are not assumed to be outstanding if their effect is anti-dilutive.

Acquisitions

The Company evaluates acquisitions of assets and other similar transactions to assess whether or not the transaction should be accounted for as a business combination or asset acquisition by first assessing whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. On April 29, 2021, MoonLake AG entered into an in-licensing agreement (the “In-License Agreement”) with Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (“MHKDG”) to acquire the Sonelokimab program (the “SLK Program”) and determined that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired related to IPR&D of SLK. Therefore, this transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition.

IPR&D represents incomplete technologies that the Company acquires, which at the time of acquisition, are still under development and have no alternative future use. The fair value of such technologies is expensed upon acquisition. A technology is considered to have an alternative future use if it is probable that the Company will use the asset in its current, incomplete state as it existed at the acquisition date, in another research and development project that has not yet commenced, and economic benefit is anticipated from that use. If a technology is determined to have an alternative future use, then the fair value of the program would be recorded as an asset on the balance sheet rather than expensed.

Contingent consideration payments (for example milestone payments due upon the occurrence of a specific event) in asset acquisitions are recognized in the period in which it is probable that a liability has been incurred (unless the contingent consideration meets the definition of a derivative, in which case the amount becomes part of the cost in the asset acquired). Upon recognition of the contingent consideration payment, the amount is expensed if it relates to IPR&D or capitalized if it relates to a developed product which is generally considered to be when clinical trials have been completed and regulatory approval obtained.

Future royalty payments due on net sales will be recognized in cost of goods sold when net sales are recognized.

Pension Accounting

The Company accounts for pension assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC 715, Compensation – Retirement Benefits, which requires the recognition of the funded status of pension plans in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The liability in respect to defined benefit pension plans is the projected benefit obligation calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The projected benefit obligation as of September 30, 2024 represents the actuarial present value of the estimated future payments required to settle the obligation that is attributable to employee services rendered before that date. Service costs for such pension plans, represented in the net periodic pension benefit cost, are included in the personnel expenses of the various functions where the employees are engaged. The other components of net benefit cost are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss separately from the service cost component, in “other income, net.” Plan assets are recorded at their fair value.

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

Gains or losses arising from plan curtailments or settlements are accounted for at the time they occur. Any net pension asset is limited to the present value of the future economic benefits available to the Company in the form of refunds from the plan or expected reductions in future contributions to the plan. Actuarial gains and losses arising from differences between the actual and the expected return on plan assets are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception. For these arrangements, it is evaluated if the arrangement involves an identified asset that is physically distinct or whether the Company has the right to substantially all of the capacity of an identified asset that is not physically distinct. In arrangements that involve an identified asset, there is also judgment in evaluating if the Company has the right to direct the use of that asset.

MoonLake does not have any finance leases. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has five operating leases related to the office spaces located in (i) Dorfstrasse 29, 6300, Zug, Switzerland (comprised of two leases), (ii) 95 Regent Street, CB2 1AW, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom, and (iii) Rua Manuel Pinto de Azedevo 860, 4150-335, Porto, Portugal (comprised of two leases). The operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term commencing on the date the Company has the right to use the leased property. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are measured at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term, determined using the discount rate for the lease at the commencement date. Because the rate implicit in the leases is not readily determinable, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate, which approximates the interest rate at which the Company could borrow on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments and in similar economic environments.

Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less that do not have the option to purchase the underlying asset are not recorded on the balance sheet, with lease expense for these leases recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term commencing on the date the Company has the right to use the leased property.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements not yet Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment reporting — Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This new standard requires public entities to disclose significant segment expenses and additional segment items annually and to provide all reported segment profit or loss and assets disclosures currently required annually on an interim basis. The standard also requires disclosure of the Chief Operating Decision Maker's title and position. The standard does not change the manner in which public entities identify their operating segments, aggregate them, or apply the quantitative thresholds for determining their reportable segments. It is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company has determined it operates as a single segment, therefore, we do not anticipate this ASU to materially impact our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income taxes — Improvements to Income Taxes Disclosure. The purpose of this guidance is to enhance the transparency and usefulness of income tax disclosures and provide comprehensive income tax information, particularly in relation to rate reconciliation and income taxes paid in the U.S and foreign jurisdictions. It is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. This ASU will result in the required additional disclosures being included in our consolidated financial statements, once adopted.

Note 3 – Risks and Liquidity

Going Concern, Liquidity and Capital Resources

MoonLake is subject to risks common to companies in the biopharmaceutical industry, and the Company believes that changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse effect on the Company's future financial position or results of operations: ability to obtain future financing, regulatory approval and market acceptance of, and reimbursement for, product candidates, performance of third-party contract research organizations and manufacturers upon which the Company relies, protection of the Company's intellectual property, litigation or claims against the

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

Company based on intellectual property, patent, product, regulatory, clinical or other factors, and the Company's ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support its growth.

The Company is dependent on third-party manufacturers to supply products for research and development activities in its programs. In particular, the Company relies and expects to continue to rely on a small number of manufacturers to supply the Company with its requirements for the active pharmaceutical ingredients and formulated drugs related to these programs. These programs could be adversely affected by a significant interruption in the supply of active pharmaceutical ingredients and formulated drugs.

The Company's ability to generate revenue sufficient to achieve profitability will depend on the successful development and eventual commercialization of SLK in one or more indications, which is expected to take a number of years. The Company expects to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for at least the next three years as the Company continues the development of SLK and prepares for commercial launches. It is expected that operating losses will fluctuate significantly from year to year depending on the timing of the Company's planned clinical development programs and efforts to achieve regulatory approval.

The Company incurred a loss of $74.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. As of September 30, 2024, the Company’s current assets exceeded its current liabilities by $492.2 million.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had $375.7 million of cash and cash equivalents. Based on the Company's current operating plan, management believes that the Company has sufficient capital to fund its operations and capital expenditures until the end of 2026.

Note 4 – Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents information about the Company's short-term marketable debt securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicate the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the Company classifies the fair value measurement:


	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Level 2		Total			Level 2		Total
Eurocommercial Papers	$	89,072,100	$	89,072,100		$	109,608,915	$	109,608,915
Certificates of Deposit	88,991,100		88,991,100			79,626,727		79,626,727
Total	$	178,063,200	$	178,063,200		$	189,235,642	$	189,235,642

Cash and accounts payable approximate their fair values as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, due to their short-term nature. Pension plan assets fair value is determined based on Level 2 inputs.

Note 5 – Investments

The fair value and amortized cost of investments in short-term marketable debt securities by major security type as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value
Eurocommercial Papers	$	87,231,307	$	1,840,793	$	—	$	89,072,100
Certificates of Deposit	87,602,179		1,388,921		—		88,991,100
Total	$	174,833,486	$	3,229,714	$	—	$	178,063,200

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)


Of which classified within cash and cash equivalents	59,212,123	582,677	—	59,794,800
Of which classified within short-term marketable debt securities	115,621,363	2,647,037	—	118,268,400

The following table presents the changes in fair values of the Company’s short-term marketable debt securities, classified as Level 2 financial assets, and recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income:


Beginning balance, January 1, 2024	$	2,720,854
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	13,000,645
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	(12,491,785)

Ending balance, September 30, 2024	$	3,229,714

As of September 30, 2024, the Company’s marketable debt securities maturities are all due within one year.

Note 6 — Prepaid Expenses


Prepaid expenses - current	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Non-clinical research and clinical development services	$	7,381,811	$	842,729
Supply and manufacturing services	6,358,892		1,205
Insurance	1,496,521		1,077,478
Other prepayments	747,201		180,791

Total	$	15,984,425	$	2,102,203

Prepaid expenses - non-current	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Supply and manufacturing services	$	2,064,575	$	8,423,468
Total	$	2,064,575	$	8,423,468

Supply and manufacturing services, current and non-current, relate to advance payments made to a contract manufacturing organization pursuant to a manufacturing run reservation agreement for the commercial-scale manufacturing of SLK in 2025.

Note 7 — Trade and Other Payables


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Research and development services and license fees	$	7,113,098	$	911,454
Supply and manufacturing fees payable	3,044,237		553,459
Consulting and advisory services	307,581		80,695
Legal advisory fees payable	104,317		47,095


Other payables	141,370		244,981
Total	$	10,710,603	$	1,837,684

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

Note 8 — Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Research and development services and license fees	$	3,253,581	$	1,226,281
Bonuses and related employees compensation expenses	2,922,982		2,780,219
Supply and manufacturing services	894,894		1,603,739
Tax liabilities	484,482		367,976
Consultant and other fees	351,774		853,905
Legal fees	17,811		98,000
Total	$	7,925,524	$	6,930,120

Note 9 — Leases

In August 2021, the Company entered into an open-ended office lease agreement, effective November 1, 2021, to lease approximately 2,300 square feet of space on the last two floors of the building located at Dorfstrasse 29, 6300 Zug, Switzerland. The Company estimated the effective duration of the lease at inception and determined a period of 3 years, with expected expiration in November 2024. In December 2023, the contract was extended, leading to a new estimated effective duration of the lease period of 3 years, with expected expiration in January 2027.

On October 9, 2023, the Company entered into an office lease agreement, effective as of October 9, 2023, to lease approximately 3,900 square feet of office space on the fifth floor of the building located at Rua Manuel Pinto de Azedevo 860, 4150-335, Porto, Portugal. This lease has a 3-year initial term, with two extendable periods of 3 years each. It is expected to be extended once until October 2029.

On October 13, 2023, the Company entered into an office lease agreement, effective as of October 16, 2023, to lease approximately 6,000 square feet of office space on the first floor of the building located at 95 Regent Street, CB2 1AW, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. This lease has a 3-year term agreement and is set to expire in October 2026.

On December 12, 2023, the Company entered into an open-ended office lease agreement, effective as of January 15, 2024, to lease approximately 1,700 square feet of additional office space at its existing corporate headquarters located at Dorfstrasse 29, 6300 Zug, Switzerland. The Company estimated the duration of the lease at inception and determined a 3-year term.

On August 14, 2024, the Company entered into an office lease agreement, effective as of September 8, 2024, to lease approximately 2,000 square feet of additional office space at its existing office located at Rua Manuel Pinto de Azevodo 860, 4150-335, Porto, Portugal. This lease has a 2-year initial term, with two extendable periods of 3 years each. The Company currently expects that it will be extended until October 2029.

The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate for the operating leases as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Weighted average remaining lease term (in months)	32		39
Weighted average discount rate	4.7	%	4.9	%

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

The maturities of the Company's operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


Year ending December 31,	Amount
Remainder of fiscal 2024	$	386,519
2025	1,571,589
2026	1,242,550
2027	140,313
2028	140,313
Thereafter	95,627
Total lease payments	3,576,911
Less imputed interest	(196,309)
Total lease liability	3,380,602
Less current portion of lease liability	(1,444,893)
Long-term portion operating lease liability	$	1,935,709

Operating cash outflows for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities was $1,101,661 and $78,270 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively.

The Company recorded the following lease and variable lease expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Operating lease expense	$	358,583	$	39,562	$	1,061,029	$	117,832
Variable lease expense1	5,398		—		5,398		—
Total lease expense	$	363,981	$	39,562	$	1,066,427	$	117,832

Note 10 — Employee Benefit Plans

The Company operates a defined benefit pension plan in Switzerland (the "Plan”) and a defined contribution pension plan in the United Kingdom, in accordance with local regulations and practices. As of September 30, 2024, the Plan covers the Company’s employees in Switzerland with benefits in the event of death, disability, retirement, or termination of employment.

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost under the Plan

1 Variable lease expense resulting from increased lease payments linked to changes in the reference index.

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Service cost	$	71,107	$	31,175	$	210,387	$	91,596
Interest cost	8,387		7,784		24,814		22,872
Expected return on plan assets	(15,338)		(9,280)		(45,380)		(27,265)

Amortization of unrecognized loss	2,609		—		7,717		—
Prior service credit recognized in current year	(2,582)		—		(7,639)		—
Total net periodic benefit cost	$	64,183	$	29,679	$	189,899	$	87,203

The components of net periodic benefit cost other than the service cost component are included in general and administrative expense in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Employer Contributions under the Plan

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, contributions of $192,563 (CHF 169,455) were made to the Plan. The Company presently anticipates contributing an additional estimated amount of $64,188 (CHF 56,485) to fund the Plan in 2024 for a total of $256,751 (CHF 225,940).

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

Note 11 — Shareholders’ Equity


	Class A Ordinary Shares(1)		Class C Ordinary Shares(1)		Total Number of Ordinary Shares
		Authorized	Issued	Authorized	Issued	Authorized	Issued and Outstanding

Balance at January 1, 2024		500,000,000	60,466,453	100,000,000	2,505,476	600,000,000	62,971,929
Conversion of Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares		—	1,493,356	—	(1,493,356)	—	—
Issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares under the ATM facility		—	914,828	—	—	—	914,828
Cancellation of Class C shares following an employee contract termination in MoonLake AG		—	—	—	(16,853)	—	(16,853)
Balance at March 31, 2024		500,000,000	62,874,637	100,000,000	995,267	600,000,000	63,869,904
Balance at June 30, 2024		500,000,000	62,874,637	100,000,000	995,267	600,000,000	63,869,904
Conversion of Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares		—	153,998	—	(153,998)	—	—
Options exercised under the Equity Incentive Plan		—	17,390	—	—	—	17,390
Balance at September 30, 2024		500,000,000	63,046,025	100,000,000	841,269	600,000,000	63,887,294

(1) Fully paid-in registered shares with a par value of $0.0001

Class A Ordinary Shares

On April 6, 2022, the Company's Class A Ordinary Shares began trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market ("Nasdaq") under the symbol “MLTX”. As of September 30, 2024, there were 63,046,025 Class A Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding. The Company is authorized to issue up to 500,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares, par value $0.0001 per share. Holders of Class A Ordinary Shares are entitled to one vote per share.

Class C Ordinary Shares

As of September 30, 2024, there were 841,269 Class C Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding. The Company is authorized to issue up to 100,000,000 Class C Ordinary Shares, with a par value $0.0001 per share. Each Class C Ordinary Share entitles the holders thereof to one vote per share, but carries no economic rights.

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

At the closing of the Business Combination, MoonLake, MoonLake AG and ML Party (as defined in Note 2 — Business Combination Agreement with Helix and Recapitalization, included in MoonLake's audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in the Annual Report) entered into a Restated and Amended Shareholders' Agreement (the “A&R Shareholders' Agreement”). With the intent to approximate the rights, obligations and restrictions that an ML Party would enjoy if it were a holder of Class A Ordinary Shares, the A&R Shareholders’ Agreement (i) imposes certain transfer and other restrictions on the ML Parties, (ii) provides for the waiver of certain statutory rights and (iii) establishes certain mechanics whereby MoonLake and each of the ML Parties are able to effect the conversion of MoonLake AG Common Shares and Class C Ordinary Shares into a number of Class A Ordinary Shares equal to the Exchange Ratio of 33.638698 (as defined in Note 3 — Basis of Presentation, included in MoonLake's audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in the Annual Report). On September 9 and September 25, 2024, pursuant to the A&R Shareholders’ Agreement, certain holders of Class C Ordinary Shares submitted exchange notices to the Company, pursuant to which such holders of Class C Ordinary Shares effected the conversion of 4,578 MoonLake AG Common Shares and 153,998 Class C Ordinary Shares into 153,998 Class A Ordinary Shares using the Exchange Ratio. The foregoing description of the A&R Shareholders' Agreement is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, and should be read in connection with, the full text of the A&R Shareholders' Agreement filed as an exhibit on the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 11, 2022.

Equity Offerings

At-the-Market Offering

On May 11, 2023, the Company entered into a Sales Agreement (the “May 2023 Sales Agreement”) with Leerink Partners LLC (formerly known as SVB Securities LLC) (“Leerink Partners”), through which the Company could issue and sell up to $200,000,000 of its Class A Ordinary Shares (the “May 2023 ATM Shares”), through Leerink Partners as its sales agent. The May 2023 ATM Shares to be sold under the May 2023 Sales Agreement, if any, would be issued and sold pursuant to the Company's shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-271546), which was declared effective by the SEC on May 9, 2023, and a prospectus supplement thereto filed with the SEC on May 11, 2023.

On June 27, 2023, the Company reduced the maximum aggregate offering amount of its Class A Ordinary Shares that could be issued and sold under the May 2023 Sales Agreement to $0 and no longer intends to sell Class A Ordinary Shares under the May 2023 Sales Agreement unless the Company files a further prospectus supplement indicating an amount of shares proposed to be sold.

On August 31, 2023, the Company entered into a Sales Agreement with Leerink Partners (the “August 2023 Sales Agreement” and together with the May 2023 Sales Agreement, the “Sales Agreements”), through which the Company could issue and sell up to $350,000,000 of its Class A Ordinary Shares (the “August 2023 ATM Shares”), through Leerink Partners as its sales agent. The August 2023 ATM Shares to be sold under the August 2023 Sales Agreement, if any, would be issued and sold pursuant to the Company’s shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-274286), which was declared effective by the SEC on September 11, 2023, and a prospectus supplement thereto filed with the SEC on August 31, 2023.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company sold 914,828 Class A Ordinary Shares under the August 2023 Sales Agreement at a weighted average share price of $58.31, for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $52.5 million, after deducting sales agent's commissions and transaction costs.

During the three months ended June 30, 2024 and the three months ended September 30, 2024, there were no sales under the August 2023 Sales Agreement.

Public Offering of Class A Ordinary Shares

On June 27, 2023, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with SVB Securities LLC and Guggenheim Securities LLC as the representatives of the underwriters named therein, to issue and sell 8,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares at a public offering price of $50.00 per share (the “Offering”). In addition, the Company granted the underwriters an option for a period of 30 days to purchase up to an additional 1,200,000 Class A Ordinary Shares at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions (the “Option”), and such Option was exercised in full by the underwriters.

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

The Offering closed on June 30, 2023, and net proceeds from the Offering, including proceeds from the exercise in full by the underwriters of the Option, were $436.7 million, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and the offering expenses in the amount of $23.3 million.

Following the completion of the Offering, the Company opted to direct a substantial portion of the net proceeds to MoonLake AG. This was executed as a two-step process: (i) the Company acquired the remaining 22,756 MoonLake AG Common Shares held in treasury through a share purchase and assignment agreement formally executed on July 9, 2023 ($38.9 million) and (ii) the Company contributed additional funds to MoonLake AG’s capital reserves through a cash contribution agreement formally executed on July 10, 2023 ($275 million). A stamp duty tax of $2.8 million was levied on the aforementioned capital contribution which the Company has classified as cash flows from financing activities in order to correctly mirror the underlying nature of the transaction.

On March 8, 2024, the Company executed a similar transaction as a two-step process: (i) the Company acquired 501 MoonLake AG Common Shares held in treasury through a share purchase and assignment agreement ($0.8 million) and (ii) the Company contributed an additional $150.0 million of funds to MoonLake AG's capital reserves through a cash contribution. A stamp duty tax of $1.6 million was levied on the capital contribution which the Company has classified as cash flows from financing activities in order to correctly mirror the underlying nature of the transaction. The aforementioned increase in treasury shares occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as a result of an employee termination entitling MoonLake AG to repurchase such employee's unvested shares (501 MoonLake AG Common Shares and 16,853 Class C Ordinary Shares) previously awarded as part of a share-based compensation program. Since the shares were subsequently sold to MoonLake, the corresponding Class C Ordinary Shares were canceled.

Options Exercised under the Equity Incentive Plan

In the three months ended September 30, 2024, certain participants exercised their stock options under the Equity Incentive Plan (as defined below) for an aggregate of 17,390 Class A Ordinary Shares and total cash consideration of $91,298.

Note 12 — Net Loss per Share

The following table sets forth the loss per share calculations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Numerator
Net loss attributable to controlling interests shareholders	$	(35,390,337)	$	(9,426,049)	$	(73,331,005)	$	(28,570,184)

Denominator
Total weighted average number of outstanding shares	62,896,782		53,517,655		62,803,220		45,485,650

Net loss per share – basic and diluted	$	(0.56)	$	(0.18)	$	(1.17)	$	(0.63)

The weighted average number of shares used to calculate the net loss per share – basic for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 excludes Class C Ordinary Shares as they do not carry economic rights.

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

If the ML Parties elected to convert all of their MoonLake AG Common Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares as of January 1, 2024, the weighted average number of shares outstanding would have been 63,881,246 and 63,809,450 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, resulting in a net loss per share of $0.57 and $1.17, respectively. Upon conversion, all Class C Ordinary Shares would be forfeited and there would no longer be any noncontrolling interests.

Upon conversion, the Company's number of Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding would be 63,905,198 as of November 1, 2024, including the 17,904 Class A Ordinary Shares issued pursuant to stock options exercised under the Equity Incentive plan subsequent to September 30, 2024.

Note 13 — Share-Based Compensation

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had the following share-based compensation arrangements:

a.Restricted Founder Shares (as defined below) – created in April 2021 by MoonLake AG (fully vested as of April 2023);

b.The Employee Share Participation Plan (“ESPP”) – created in July 2021 by MoonLake AG;

c.The Employee Stock Option Plan (“ESOP”) – created in July 2021 by MoonLake AG (fully vested as of January 2024);

d.MoonLake Immunotherapeutics 2022 Equity Incentive Plan ("Equity Incentive Plan") – created in April 2022 by MoonLake Immunotherapeutics.

The purpose of the arrangements is to attract and retain the best available personnel and to provide participants with additional incentive to increase their efforts on behalf and in the best interest of the Company and its subsidiaries. The reference to “Common Shares” refers to shares in MoonLake AG.

MoonLake AG's compensation plans are settled with its Common Shares and with a number of Class C Ordinary Shares of the Company, determined by multiplying the number of Common Shares by the Exchange Ratio. The owners of Common Shares have the right to exchange their Common Shares for a number of Class A Ordinary Shares derived using the Exchange Ratio. In the event MoonLake AG shareholders elect to exchange their Common Shares, such MoonLake AG shareholder forfeits a number of Class C Ordinary Shares equal to the number of Class A Ordinary Shares issued (refer to Note 11 — Shareholders’ Equity - Class C Ordinary Shares).

As of January 1, 2024, the Company executed the conversion of the majority of the outstanding ESOP awards into an equivalent number of Equity Incentive Plan option awards that are settled with Class A Ordinary Shares, thereby eliminating the intermediary right to the exchange step noted above. From an accounting perspective, there is no underlying modification to the economic, control or legal rights of the awards, including vesting terms and conditions, exercise price and accounting classification. This is purely an administrative change as opposed to an accounting modification whereby the plan issuer is amended from MoonLake AG to MoonLake Immunotherapeutics. Consequently, there is no incremental fair value generated following the conversion and therefore no incremental expense recorded. Any remaining unvested compensation expense will be recorded over the remaining vesting period of the original awards, thereby resulting in no change to the consolidated financial statements.

As a result of this administrative conversion, the two main plans which remain active as of September 30, 2024 are the ESPP and Equity Incentive Plan, whereas the Restricted Founder Shares and ESOP are fully vested as of April 2023 and January 2024, respectively.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company has recognized an increase in equity in the condensed consolidated balance sheet, and share-based compensation expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss of $1.8 million and $5.3 million, respectively. The share-based compensation expense was driven by the aforementioned two main active share-based compensation plans and programs:

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)


Compensation Plan	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
MoonLake AG Restricted Founder Shares	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,574,299
ESPP	741,154		762,309		2,191,557		2,590,576


ESOP	—		255,171		—		614,469


Equity Incentive Plan	1,101,455		408,171		3,156,505		721,155
Total share-based compensation expense	$	1,842,609	$	1,425,651	$	5,348,062	$	5,500,499
Of which: included in research and development expense	508,697		262,717		1,446,049		1,150,815
Of which: included in general and administrative expense	1,333,912		1,162,934		3,902,013		4,349,684

We expect that all future employee awards will be made under the Equity Incentive Plan. As of September 30, 2024, 3,281,755 Class A Ordinary Shares from the authorized pool of 4,353,948 Class A Ordinary Shares remain available for future grants, and 973,800 and 98,393 Class A Ordinary Shares are reserved for issuance upon exercise of stock options granted under the Equity Incentive Plan and ESOP, respectively. The latter relate to awards not yet subjected to the conversion described above.

MoonLake AG - Restricted Founder Shares

On April 28, 2021, the shareholders’ agreement between the co-founders, the Series A investors and MoonLake AG imposed a reverse vesting condition on 90% of the total 110,000 Common Shares (the equivalent of 3,700,257 Class C Ordinary Shares) held by each of the three co-founders. Therefore, 99,000 Common Shares (the equivalent of 3,330,231 Class C Ordinary Shares) held by each of the co-founders were subject to these restrictions and considered unvested (the “Restricted Founder Shares”). The Restricted Founder Shares vested on the 28th of each month at a rate of 4.166% over a period of two years until April 28, 2023. In the event of termination of the contractual relationship of the relevant co-founder before the end of the vesting period, MoonLake AG in first priority, or any third party designated by it, and the other shareholders in second priority pro rata to their shareholdings, had an option to purchase all or a pro rata portion of the leaver shares that remained unvested on the effective day of the termination at nominal value of CHF 0.10.


Grants awarded
Restricted Founder Shares			Number of Shares
Awards unvested as of January 1, 2023			1,110,078
Awards vested for the nine months ended September 30, 2023			(1,110,078)
Awards unvested as of September 30, 2023			—

Employee Share Participation Plan (ESPP) 2021-2025 - MoonLake AG

The ESPP grants will vest 25% on each anniversary of the grant date. In the event of a termination of contractual relationship between the Company and the entitled employee, the awards can be deemed forfeited by MoonLake AG if certain conditions are met. Awards feature an accelerated vesting condition linked to a “Change of Control”, defined as any transfer of shares that results in the proposed acquirer holding more than 50% of the then issued share capital of MoonLake AG or the Company, as the case may be, where all the outstanding awards (whether currently outstanding or granted in the future) will be deemed fully vested.

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)


Grants awarded
ESPP			Number of Shares



Awards issued as of January 1 and September 30, 2023			2,237,915


Awards vested as of September 30, 2023			1,525,582

Awards issued as of January 1, 2024			2,237,915

Awards forfeited for the nine months ended September 30, 20242			(16,853)
Awards issued as of September 30, 2024			2,221,062
Awards vested as of September 30, 2024			1,827,826

As of September 30, 2024, MoonLake AG had $3.8 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to the ESPP that will be recognized over the weighted average period of 1.30 years.

Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) 2021-2025 - MoonLake AG

The ESOP grants will vest 25% on each anniversary of the grant date. In the event of a termination of the contractual relationship between the Company and the entitled employee, options can be deemed forfeited by MoonLake AG if certain conditions are met. Awards feature an accelerated vesting condition linked to a “Change of Control”, defined as any transfer of shares that results in the proposed acquirer holding more than 50% of the then issued share capital of MoonLake AG or the Company, as the case may be, where all the outstanding awards (whether currently outstanding or granted in the future) will be deemed fully vested.


Grants awarded
ESOP			Number of Options
Awards outstanding as of January 1, 2023			466,770
Awards granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2023			133,444
Awards outstanding as of September 30, 2023			600,214
Awards exercisable as of September 30, 2023			186,593

Awards outstanding as of January 1, 2024			585,078

Awards converted from ESOP to Equity Incentive Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2024			(486,685)
Awards outstanding as of September 30, 2024			98,393
Awards exercisable as of September 30, 2024			98,393

MoonLake Immunotherapeutics 2022 Equity Incentive Plan

On April 5, 2022 (the “Effective Date”), the Company created the Equity Incentive Plan to promote and closely align the interests of employees, officers, non-employee directors and other service providers of MoonLake Immunotherapeutics and its shareholders by providing share-based compensation and other performance-based compensation.

The Equity Incentive Plan provides for the grant of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, restricted stock and other share-based awards and for incentive bonuses, which may be paid in cash, Common Shares or a combination thereof, as determined by the compensation committee of the board of directors or such other committee as

2 Refer to Note 11 - Shareholders' Equity - Class C Ordinary Shares

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

designated by the board of directors to administer the Equity Incentive Plan. The Equity Incentive Plan shall remain available for the grant of awards until the 10th anniversary of the Effective Date.


Grants awarded
Equity Incentive Plan			Number of Options
Awards outstanding as of January 1, 2023			180,000
Awards granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2023			56,485
Awards outstanding as of September 30, 2023			236,485
Awards exercisable as of September 30, 2023			60,000

Awards outstanding as of January 1, 2024			312,400
Awards granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2024			241,820
Awards exercised for the nine months ended September 30, 2024			(17,390)
Awards converted from ESOP to Equity Incentive Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2024			486,685
Awards forfeited for the nine months ended September 30, 2024			(49,715)
Awards outstanding as of September 30, 2024			973,800
Awards exercisable as of September 30, 2024			368,910


Weighted average assumptions for the awards issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2024
Estimated fair value of the option on the grant date using Black-Scholes model ($)			31.31
Exercise price ($)			45.63
Expected term of the award on the grant date (years) (1)			6
Expected volatility of the share price (2)			75%
Risk-free interest rate (3)			4.3%
Expected dividend rate			—%
(1) The expected term represents the period that share-based awards are expected to be outstanding. (2) The expected volatility was derived from the historical stock volatilities of comparable peer public companies within the Company’s industry. (3) The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the measurement date with maturities approximately equal to the expected term.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had $11.2 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to the Equity Incentive Plan that will be recognized over the weighted average period of 1.96 years.

Note 14 — Income Taxes

The Company's effective tax rate (“ETR”) was 0.3% and 0.3% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and 0.2% and 0.1% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The Company is not aware of any items that would cause the quarterly ETR to be significantly different from the Company's annual ETR. The difference between the income tax provision that would be derived by applying the statutory rate to the Company's loss before income taxes and the income tax provision recorded was primarily attributable to the change in the valuation allowance. The Company continues to incur losses for the entities domiciled in the Cayman Island and Switzerland, and its ability to utilize the deferred tax asset related to the tax losses is not considered more likely than not. A full valuation allowance has been recorded against the deferred tax asset.

Note 15 — Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(Amounts in USD, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

The Company has entered into agreements as of September 30, 2024 primarily in regards to the clinical and non-clinical development services with contract research organizations ("CROs"), as well as supply and logistics services with contract manufacturing organizations ("CMOs"), for the advancement of SLK. As of September 30, 2024, the total committed expense under these agreements amounted to $145.1 million, of which $8.0 million are recognized under Prepaid expenses - current, $2.1 million are recognized under Prepaid expenses - non-current, and the rest remain unrecognized.

The Company's In-License Agreement with MHKDG includes contractual milestone payments related to the achievement of pre-specified research, development, regulatory and commercialization events and indemnification provisions, which are common in such agreements. Pursuant to the agreements, the Company is obligated to make research and development and regulatory milestone payments upon the occurrence of certain events. Subject to the terms of the license, additional milestone payments of up to €299.6 million ($335.2 million using a September 30, 2024 exchange rate) are potentially payable upon satisfying specific milestones related to regulatory filing acceptance, first commercial sales, and aggregate annual net sales. The milestone payments are payable in cash. Milestone payments due prior to obtaining regulatory approval will be recorded as research and development expense upon determination that a milestone payment is probable to occur. Milestone payments due after obtaining regulatory approval will be capitalized when and if incurred. The Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the milestones to occur. However, if the Company reasonably determines that a technical failure or commercial failure has occurred with respect to all or a part of the SLK Program, the Company, at its sole discretion, can terminate all or part of the SLK Program. As of September 30, 2024, the Company made a total of €7.5 million ($8.1 million using the then applicable exchange rates) in additional milestone payments.

In addition, on May 12, 2023, MoonLake AG entered into an agreement with Research Cooperation Technologies, Inc. (“RCT”) and MHKDG, effective as of June 1, 2023, pursuant to which the Company was granted a royalty-bearing, nonexclusive, sublicensable right and license under RCT’s patents and know-how related to a manufacturing process using an underlying yeast strain, Pichia pastoris, to develop, manufacture, use, sell, offer for sale, and import and otherwise commercialize SLK on a world-wide basis, subject to certain restrictions. This agreement replaces the Company’s sublicense for similar rights under the In-License Agreement. In the aggregate, the Company is required to pay royalties within the range of low to mid-teen percent of net sales under the aforementioned agreements with MHKDG and RCT. Royalties will be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss when net sales are recognized.

Note 16 - Segment Information and Geographic Data

The Company operates as a single operating segment. Long-lived assets, consisting of property and equipment, net, and operating lease right-of-use assets by geographical area as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


Country	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Switzerland	$	680,946	$	507,392
United Kingdom	2,012,806		2,704,555
Portugal	1,138,823		737,398
Total	$	3,832,575	$	3,949,345

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, appearing elsewhere in this quarterly report (“Quarterly Report”) on Form 10-Q, and with MoonLake’s audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024 (our “Annual Report”). Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") and presented in United States dollars ($).

References to “MoonLake”, “we”, “us”, “our”, “our Company”, “the Company” and “our business” refer to MoonLake Immunotherapeutics and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including, without limitation, statements regarding the following, are forward-looking statements: our future results of operations and financial position, our expectations regarding industry trends, the sufficiency of our cash and cash equivalents, the anticipated sources and uses of cash, the anticipated investments in our business, our business strategy, and the plans and objectives of management for future operations and capital expenditures, and other information referred to in the sections titled “Business” and “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Quarterly Report. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “expect”, “plan”, “anticipate”, “could”, “intend”, “target”, “project”, “contemplate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “predict”, “potential”, “might”, “possible”, or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans and strategy for our business and related financing. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, and in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of important risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to:

•our success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or directors;

•factors relating to our business, operations and financial performance, including, but not limited to:

•we are substantially dependent on the success of our novel tri-specific Nanobody®, Sonelokimab ("SLK," also known as M1095/ALX 0761), which we license from Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany ("MHKDG");

•our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our products, and any related restrictions or limitations of any approved products;

•competition and competitive pressures from other global companies in the industries in which we operate;

•we have incurred significant losses since inception, and we expect to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future and may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability in the future;

•our ability to manage our growth effectively;

•the impact of adverse business and economic conditions including inflationary pressures, general economic slowdown or a recession, relatively high interest rates, and changes in monetary policy, banking institution instability and the prospect of a shutdown of the U.S. federal government;

•while we have initiated and completed clinical trials, we have no products approved for commercial sale;

•we require substantial additional capital to finance our operations, and if we are unable to raise such capital when needed or on acceptable terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce, and/or eliminate one or more of our development programs or future commercialization efforts;

•our ability to renew existing contracts;

•our limited operating history;

•our ability to respond to general economic conditions;

•litigation and the ability to adequately protect our intellectual property rights; and

•the other factors described under the caption “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report, as may be updated in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible to predict all such risks, nor can we assess the impact of all such risks on our business or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. You should not put undue reliance on these statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

There may be other factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements, including factors disclosed in “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report or “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Quarterly Report. You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents that we reference herein completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

Overview

We are a clinical stage biotechnology company advancing therapies to address significant unmet needs in inflammatory skin and joint diseases. We are currently a single asset company focused on the development of SLK, a novel tri-specific IL-17A and IL-17F inhibiting Nanobody, that we exclusively licensed from MHKDG and that has the potential, based on response levels seen in clinical trials, to drive disease modification in dermatology and rheumatology patients.

SLK is a proprietary Nanobody that was discovered by Ablynx N.V., Belgium, a Sanofi company (“Ablynx”), and previously studied by MHKDG and Avillion LLP under a 2017 co-development agreement. The terms “Nanobody” and “Nanobodies” used herewith are registered trademarks of Ablynx. Nanobodies are able to bind selectively to a specific antigen with high affinity. Nanobodies have a fraction of the molecular weight compared to traditional antibodies. They offer a number of potential advantages over traditional monoclonal antibodies, including the potential to create multivalent molecules with enhanced ability to penetrate inflamed tissue, especially when containing an additional albumin binding domain such as SLK, an easier manufacturing process and a higher thermostability.

We currently develop SLK in inflammatory diseases in dermatology and rheumatology where the pathophysiology is known to be driven by IL-17A and IL-17F. This group of diseases comprises our current target diseases, hidradenitis suppurativa (“HS”), psoriatic arthritis (“PsA”), axial spondyloarthritis (“axSpA”), palmoplantar pustulosis (“PPP”), and several other inflammatory conditions, including psoriasis (“PsO”). Our current target diseases affect millions of people worldwide, and we believe there is a need for improved treatment options. We believe that SLK has a differentiated mechanism of action and that its purposefully designed molecular characteristics, including its small size and its albumin binding site, facilitate deep tissue penetration in the skin and joints. We envision SLK as a key therapeutic alternative in our initial target indications and potentially in multiple other IL-17 driven inflammatory conditions.

In May 2022, we initiated a Phase 2b trial of SLK in patients with moderate-to-severe HS (the MIRA trial (M1095-HS-201)), and in June 2023, we announced positive top-line results from this trial, which met its primary endpoint of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response (“HiSCR”) 75. In October 2023, we announced positive 24-week top-line results showing that the maintenance treatment with SLK led to further improvements in HiSCR75 response rates and other clinically relevant outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe HS. In February 2024, we announced the successful outcome of our end-of-Phase 2 interactions with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), as well as positive feedback from our interactions with the E.U. European Medicines Agency (“EMA”), with both regulatory bodies unanimously supporting our proposed approach for advancing our Phase 3 program of SLK in HS. In May 2024, we announced the screening of the first patients in our Phase 3 program of SLK in HS.

In December 2022, we initiated a Phase 2b trial in patients with active PsA (the ARGO trial (M1095-PSA-201)), and in November 2023, we announced positive top-line results from this trial, which met its primary endpoint of American College of Rheumatology (“ACR”) 50. In March 2024, we announced positive 24-week data from the ARGO trial in PsA showing that continued treatment with SLK led to significant improvements across all key outcomes. In June 2024, we announced the successful outcome of our end-of-Phase 2 interactions with the FDA, as well as positive feedback from our interactions with the EMA, with both regulatory bodies unanimously supporting our proposed approach for advancing our Phase 3 program of SLK in PsA. We expect enrollment of first patients in our Phase 3 clinical trials to commence imminently.

In March 2024, we announced plans to commence an additional Phase 3 clinical trial of SLK in juvenile HS, and Phase 2 clinical trials in PPP and axSpA. We expect these trials to commence around year-end.

SLK was also studied in a Phase 2b trial in PsO patients where it showed a significant improvement in the primary end point as compared with placebo and for which results were presented in peer-reviewed scientific publications and conferences. In addition to the three Phase 2b trials, Phase 1 single ascending and multiple ascending dosing trials were previously completed, bringing the total number of patients in completed SLK-related trials to more than 700.

We do not have any product candidates approved for commercial sale, and we have not generated any revenue from product sales. Our ability to generate revenue sufficient to achieve profitability will depend on the successful development and eventual commercialization of SLK in one or more indications, which we expect to take a number of years. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for at least the next three years as we continue the development of SLK and prepare for commercial launches. It is expected that operating losses will fluctuate significantly from year to year depending on the timing of our planned clinical development programs and efforts to achieve regulatory approval.

As of September 30, 2024, we had $375.7 million of cash and cash equivalents. Based on our current operating plans, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities, together amounting to $493.9 million, will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements until the end of 2026.

Equity Offerings

At-the-Market Offerings

On May 11, 2023, we entered into a Sales Agreement (the “May 2023 Sales Agreement”) with Leerink Partners LLC (formerly known as SVB Securities LLC) (“Leerink Partners”), through which we could issue and sell up to $200,000,000 of our Class A Ordinary Shares (the “May 2023 ATM Shares”), through Leerink Partners as sales agent. The May 2023 ATM Shares to be sold under the May 2023 Sales Agreement, if any, would be issued and sold pursuant to our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-271546), which was declared effective by the SEC on May 9, 2023, and a prospectus supplement thereto filed with the SEC on May 11, 2023.

On June 27, 2023, we reduced the maximum aggregate offering amount of our Class A Ordinary Shares that could be issued and sold under the May 2023 Sales Agreement to $0 and no longer intend to sell Class A Ordinary Shares under the May 2023 Sales Agreement unless we file a further prospectus supplement indicating an amount of shares proposed to be sold.

On August 31, 2023, we entered into a Sales Agreement with Leerink Partners (the “August 2023 Sales Agreement” and together with the May 2023 Sales Agreement, the “Sales Agreements”), through which we could issue and sell up to $350,000,000 of our Class A Ordinary Shares (the “August 2023 ATM Shares”), through Leerink Partners as sales agent. The August 2023 ATM Shares to be sold under the August 2023 Sales Agreement, if any, would be issued and sold pursuant to our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-274286), which was declared effective by the SEC on September 11, 2023, and a prospectus supplement thereto filed with the SEC on August 31, 2023.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, we sold 1,070,818 Class A Ordinary Shares through the Sales Agreements for net proceeds of $46 million, after deducting sales agent's commission and transaction costs. In the three months ended March 31, 2024, we sold 914,828 Class A Ordinary Shares under the August 2023 Sales Agreement at a weighted average share price of $58.31, for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $52.5 million. In the three months ended June 30, 2024 and the three months ended September 30, 2024, there were no sales under the August 2023 Sales Agreement. As of September 30, 2024, the total number of shares sold under the August 2023 ATM Sales Agreement was 1,440,752 for total net proceeds of $83.7 million.

Public Offering of Class A Ordinary Shares

On June 27, 2023, we entered into an underwriting agreement with Leerink Partners and Guggenheim Securities LLC as the representatives of the underwriters named therein to issue and sell 8,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares at a public offering price of $50.00 per share (the “Offering”). In addition, we granted the underwriters an option for a period of 30 days to purchase up to an additional 1,200,000 Class A Ordinary Shares at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions (the “Option”), and such Option was exercised in full by the underwriters.

Following the completion of the Offering, we opted to direct a substantial portion of the net proceeds to MoonLake AG. This was executed as a two-step process: (1) we acquired the remaining 22,756 shares of MoonLake AG common stock held in treasury through a share purchase and assignment agreement formally executed on July 09, 2023 ($38.9 million) and (2) additional funds were contributed to MoonLake AG’s capital reserves through a cash contribution agreement formally executed on July 10, 2023 ($275 million). A stamp duty tax of $2.8 million was levied on the aforementioned capital contribution which the Company has classified as cash flows from financing activities in order to correctly mirror the underlying nature of the transaction.

On March 8, 2024, we executed a similar transaction as a two-step process: (i) we acquired 501 Moonlake AG Common Shares held in treasury through a share purchase and assignment agreement ($0.8 million) and (ii) we contributed an additional $150.0 million of funds to MoonLake AG's capital reserves through a cash contribution. A stamp duty tax of $1.6 million was levied on the capital contribution which we have classified as cash flows from financing activities in order to correctly mirror the underlying nature of the transaction. The aforementioned increase in treasury shares occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as a result of an employee termination entitling MoonLake AG to repurchase such employee's unvested shares (501 MoonLake AG Common Shares and 16,853 Class C Ordinary Shares) previously awarded as part of a share-based compensation program. Since the shares were subsequently sold to MoonLake, the corresponding Class C Ordinary Shares were canceled.

Options Exercised under the Equity Incentive Plan

Financial Operations Overview

Revenue

To date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales. If our development efforts for SLK are successful and result in regulatory approval or new license agreements with third parties, we may generate revenue in the future from product sales or milestone payments. However, there can be no assurance as to when we will generate such revenue, if at all.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for our research activities, including third-party license fees and efforts relating to the development of SLK. We expense research and development costs as incurred, which include:

•employee-related expenses, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, share-based compensation, and other related costs for those employees involved in research and development efforts;

•external research and development expenses incurred under agreements with Clinical Research Organizations (“CROs”) as well as consultants that conduct our research program and development services;

•costs incurred under collaboration agreements;

•costs related to manufacturing material for our research program and clinical studies;

•costs related to compliance with regulatory requirements; and

•facilities, depreciation and other allocated expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent, utilities and insurance.

We estimate research and clinical trial expenses based on the services performed pursuant to contracts with research institutions, CROs, and Clinical Manufacturing Organizations (“CMOs”) that conduct and manage research studies and clinical trials on our behalf based on actual time and expenses incurred by them or probable achievement of milestone events that are associated with contractually agreed milestone payments.

We account for advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities as expenses when the services have been performed or when the goods have been received rather than when the payment is made.

We do not allocate employee costs, facilities costs, including depreciation, or other indirect costs to specific programs because these costs are deployed across multiple programs and, as such, are not separately classified. We use internal resources primarily for managing our research program, clinical development, and manufacturing activities.

The successful development of SLK is highly uncertain. We expect to incur significant research and development expenses for the foreseeable future as we continue the development and manufacturing partnerships for SLK, conduct research activities and potentially expand our pipeline by pursuing additional indications for SLK or including new product candidates in our portfolio. We cannot determine with certainty the timing of initiation, the duration, or the completion costs of current or future research studies and clinical trials of SLK due to the inherently unpredictable nature of research activities and clinical development. Clinical development timelines, the probability of success and the development costs can differ materially from expectations. We anticipate that we will make determinations as to which indications to pursue and how much funding to direct to each indication on an ongoing basis in response to the results of ongoing and future research studies and clinical trials, regulatory developments, and our ongoing assessments as to each indication’s commercial potential.

Any changes in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of SLK could mean a significant change in the costs and timing associated with its development. We may never succeed in achieving regulatory approval for SLK. We may obtain unexpected results from our clinical trials. We may elect to discontinue, delay or modify clinical trials or focus on other product candidates. For example, if the FDA, the EMA, or another regulatory authority were to delay our planned start of clinical trials or require us to conduct clinical trials or other testing beyond those that we currently expect or if we experience significant delays in enrollment in any of our planned clinical trials, we could be required to expend significant additional financial resources and time on the completion of SLK’s clinical development.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expense (“G&A”) consists primarily of employee related costs, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, share-based compensation and other related costs for our executive and administrative functions. G&A expense also includes professional services, including legal, accounting and audit services and other consulting fees, as well as facility costs not otherwise included in research and development expenses, insurance and other general administrative expenses.

Based on our strategy, there are a number of factors that we expect will impact the level of research and development expenses, G&A expenses, and capital expenditures incurred by the business.

These factors include:

•Building the leading efficacy and safety profile of SLK for patients — We expect to incur significant research and development expenses, and G&A expenses as we: (i) conduct and initiate further clinical trials for SLK including Phase 3 clinical trials in HS, PsA and juvenile HS and Phase 2 clinical trials in PPP and axSpA; (ii) seek regulatory approvals for SLK; (iii) make milestone and commercial payments under the In-License

Agreement, dated April 29, 2021, by and between MoonLake AG and MHKDG (the "In-License Agreement") (based on regulatory filing acceptances, first commercial sales, and aggregate annual net sales); (iv) establish a sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure to commercialize SLK; (v) attract, hire and retain additional clinical, scientific, quality control, and administrative personnel; and (vi) add clinical, operational, financial and management information systems and personnel.

•Strengthening the differentiation elements for future SLK patients — In parallel with our clinical trials, we expect to incur additional research expenditures as we conduct non-clinical research to continue refining our understanding of SLK/nanobody biology and the potential impact in our selected therapeutic indications.

•Building our manufacturing and commercialization capabilities — We do not own or operate manufacturing facilities, and currently have no plans to establish any. We partner with third-party CMOs for both drug substance and finished drug product. We obtain our supplies from these manufacturers based on purchase orders. Therefore, we expect to incur research and development costs for the purchase of our supplies on an as needed basis to conduct our clinical trials. Technology transfers for drug substance and drug product to commercial scale CMOs have already been executed in 2022, but we may pursue additional technology transfers and process improvements. This is designed to allow us to scale up while SLK is in clinical development and advance potential commercial requirements. The improvement of our manufacturing capabilities will be important in driving efficiency, maintaining high standards of quality control, and ensuring that investigators, physicians, and patients have adequate access to our product candidates, if approved. We also plan to further invest in our commercial capabilities. In 2024, we started hiring dedicated personnel to our marketing, access and pricing functions and intend to continue building out this team to prepare for commercial launches of SLK in our target indications.

•Deepening our intellectual property portfolio to support our nanobody technology and product candidates — We expect to continue to incur additional research and development expenditures as we continue extending our global intellectual property portfolio consisting of patents and patent applications, trade secrets, trademarks, and know-how to protect the product candidates developed from our nanobody technology. We plan to expand our intellectual property portfolio as we continue to advance and develop existing product candidates.

•Licensing/broadening our portfolio — We may supplement our current strategy with the in-licensing or acquisition of additional product candidates for clinical development (beyond SLK), rather than discovering such candidates ourselves, which would lead to additional research and development expenses, G&A expenses, and capital expenditures.

•Granting share-based compensation awards and vesting of existing plans — We expect to continue to grant awards to selected employees, directors and non-employees pursuant to the MoonLake Immunotherapeutics 2022 Equity Incentive Plan ("Equity Incentive Plan"). Further, we expect to continue to incur share-based compensation charges in connection with the above-mentioned plan and the vesting of awards made under MoonLake AG’s Employee Share Participation Plan (“ESPP”).

We also expect to incur additional legal, accounting, investor relations and other expenses associated with operating as a public company and as we continue to grow our business. Our net losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year, depending on the timing of our clinical trials and our expenditures on other research and development activities.

We expect our existing cash and cash equivalents to be sufficient to advance the development of SLK in multiple indications, including the above mentioned clinical trials in HS, PsA, juvenile HS, PPP and axSpA, and to submit a Biologics License Application for SLK. Clinical development involves a lengthy and expensive process with uncertain outcomes and is subject to risks described under the heading “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, including that our preclinical studies or clinical trials may not be conducted as planned or completed on schedule and may not satisfy the requirements of the FDA, EMA, or other comparable foreign regulatory authorities. If we are required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials of SLK beyond those that we currently contemplate, if we are delayed or unable to successfully complete clinical trials of SLK or other testing, or if the results of these trials

or tests are not positive or are only modestly positive or if there are safety concerns, we may require additional funding. Moreover, we will require additional capital to commercialize SLK and to discover, develop, obtain regulatory approval and commercialize any future product candidates, as applicable. We do not have any committed external source of funds. We expect to finance future cash needs through public or private equity or debt offerings or product collaborations. Additional capital may not be available in sufficient amounts or on reasonable terms, if at all. The current market environment for small biotechnology companies, like us, and broader macroeconomic factors, including recent and potential future disruptions in access to bank deposits or lending commitments due to bank failures, may preclude us from successfully raising additional capital.

If we do not raise additional capital, we may not be able to expand our operations or otherwise capitalize on our business opportunities, our business and financial condition will be negatively impacted and we may need to: significantly delay, scale back or discontinue research and discovery efforts and the development or commercialization of SLK or any other product candidates or cease operations altogether; seek strategic alliances for research and development programs when we otherwise would not, or at an earlier stage than we would otherwise desire or on terms less favorable than might otherwise be available; or relinquish, or license on unfavorable terms, our rights to technologies or SLK or any other product candidates that we otherwise would seek to develop or commercialize ourselves.

Foreign Currency

Our functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Balances and transactions denominated in foreign currencies are converted as follows: monetary assets and liabilities are translated using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates and non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical exchange rates. Revenue (if and when earned) and expenses are translated at the daily exchange rate on the respective transaction date.

Gains or losses from foreign currency translation are included in "other income, net" in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. We recognized a foreign currency transaction loss of $26,746 and $125,581 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized a foreign currency transaction loss of $557,144 and $276,491, respectively.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Change		Change %

Operating expenses
Research and development	$	(35,735,514)	$	(7,585,136)	$	(28,150,378)	371.1	%
General and administrative	(7,376,495)		(5,391,607)		(1,984,888)		36.8	%
Total operating expenses	(43,112,009)		(12,976,743)		(30,135,266)		232.2	%
Operating loss	(43,112,009)		(12,976,743)		(30,135,266)		232.2	%



Other income, net	7,089,691		1,386,313		5,703,378		411.4	%
Loss before income tax	(36,022,318)		(11,590,430)		(24,431,888)		210.8	%

Income tax expense	(92,106)		(28,923)		(63,183)		218.5	%
Net loss	(36,114,424)		(11,619,353)		(24,495,071)		210.8	%

Net unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities and short term investments	(325,510)		3,437,291		(3,762,801)		(109.5)	%
Actuarial gain (loss) on employee benefit plans	(115,629)		39,157		(154,786)		(395.3)	%
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(441,139)		3,476,448		(3,917,587)		(112.7)	%
Comprehensive loss	$	(36,555,563)	$	(8,142,905)	$	(28,412,658)	348.9	%

Research and Development

Research and development expenses were $35.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $7.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase of $28.1 million primarily related to an increase of $15.4 million in expenses pertaining to clinical development trials with CROs, including for the conduct of Phase 3 clinical trials in HS and preparatory activities for the clinical trials of SLK, including the Phase 3 clinical trials in PsA, Phase 2 clinical trial in axSpA and Phase 2 clinical trial in PPP, an increase of $9.2 million related to supply and logistic services for such clinical development trials, including the purchase of a comparator drug for the Phase 3 clinical trials in PsA, an increase of $1.6 million and $1.0 million in personnel-related costs and consulting expenses, respectively, to support the research and development effort, and $0.9 million related to contracted non-clinical research and development expenses.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses were $7.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $5.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase of $2.0 million primarily related to an increase of $0.9 million in personnel-related costs to support organizational growth.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net was $7.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase of $5.7 million primarily related to an increase of $5.2 million in realized interest on cash held in bank and cash investments in short-term marketable debt securities.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense was $92,106 for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $28,923 for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The expense is related to corporate income tax of our U.K. and Portugal subsidiaries in 2024 and of our U.K subsidiary in 2023.

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Other comprehensive loss was $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to other comprehensive income of $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in other comprehensive income of $3.9 million primarily related to a decrease in net unrealized gain in short-term marketable debt securities of $3.8 million.

Comparison of the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023		Change		Change %

Operating expenses
Research and development	$	(72,411,709)	$	(23,704,087)	$	(48,707,622)	205.5	%
General and administrative	(21,099,001)		(15,390,117)		(5,708,884)		37.1	%
Total operating expenses	(93,510,710)		(39,094,204)		(54,416,506)		139.2	%
Operating loss	(93,510,710)		(39,094,204)		(54,416,506)		139.2	%



Other income, net	18,903,070		2,952,557		15,950,513		540.2	%
Loss before income tax	(74,607,640)		(36,141,647)		(38,465,993)		106.4	%

Income tax expense	(241,059)		(50,080)		(190,979)		381.3	%
Net loss	(74,848,699)		(36,191,727)		(38,656,972)		106.8	%

Net unrealized gain on marketable securities and short term investments	508,860		3,046,538		(2,537,678)		(83.3)	%

Actuarial loss on employee benefit plans	(110,878)		(19,323)		(91,555)		473.8	%
Other comprehensive income	397,982		3,027,215		(2,629,233)		(86.9)	%
Comprehensive loss	$	(74,450,717)	$	(33,164,512)	$	(41,286,205)	124.5	%

Research and Development

Research and development expenses were $72.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $23.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase of $48.7 million primarily related to an increase of $28.7 million in expenses pertaining to clinical development trials with CROs, including for the conduct of Phase 3 clinical trials in HS and preparatory activities for the clinical trials of SLK, including the Phase 3 clinical trials in PsA, Phase 2 clinical trial in axSpA and Phase 2 clinical trial in PPP, an increase of $14.0 million related to supply and logistic services for such clinical development trials, including the purchase of a comparator drug for the Phase 3 clinical trials in PsA, an increase of $3.7 million and $1.9 million in personnel-related costs and consulting expenses, respectively, to support the research and development effort, and an increase of $1.0 million related to non-clinical research and development expenses. The increases were partially offset by a decrease in $0.6 million in other research and development expenses.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses were $21.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $15.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase of $5.7 million primarily related to an increase of $2.5 million in personnel-related costs to support organizational growth, an increase of $2.2 million in expenses for advisory and professional services to support organizational growth and operating as a large-accelerated filer, an increase of $1.0 million in office expenses driven by the new leases for additional office space, and an increase of $0.5 million in market research expenses.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net was $18.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase of $15.9 million primarily related to an increase of $16.0 million in realized interest on cash held in bank and cash investments in short-term marketable debt securities.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense was $241,059 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $50,080 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The expense is related to corporate income tax of our U.K. and Portugal subsidiaries in 2024 and of our U.K subsidiary in 2023.

Other Comprehensive Income

Other comprehensive income was $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to other comprehensive income of $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in income of $2.6 million primarily related to an decrease in net unrealized gain in short-term marketable debt securities of $2.5 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have no products approved for commercial sale, have not generated any revenue from product sales, and cannot guarantee when or if we will generate any revenue from product sales.

We expect our expenses and capital requirements to remain consistent with our current spending levels as we continue to:

•contract with third parties, including CROs and CMOs, to support the planned clinical trials of SLK, including trials in HS, PsA, juvenile HS, PPP and axSpA;

•conduct other research and development activities related to SLK;

•prepare for regulatory filing and commercialization of SLK;

•attract, hire and retain additional management, scientific and administrative personnel;

•maintain, protect and expand our intellectual property portfolio, including patents, trade secrets and know how;

•implement operational, financial and management information systems; and

•continue operating as a public company.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we incurred a loss of $74.8 million, which includes non-cash items such as share-based compensation expense, and a cash outflow from operations of $68.1 million. As of September 30, 2024, we had a total of $493.9 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities. Based on our current operating plans, we believe our available cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements until the end of 2026.

We expect to incur significant expenses and operating losses for at least the next three years, assuming we continue the clinical development of, and seek regulatory approval for, our product candidate under an in-licensing agreement. It is expected that operating losses will fluctuate significantly from year to year due to the timing of clinical development programs, efforts to achieve regulatory approval, and sales and marketing efforts. We will require substantial additional funding to bring our product candidate to market and support our continuing operations. Until such time that we can generate significant revenue from product sales or other sources, if ever, we expect to finance our operations through the sale of equity, debt financings, or other capital sources, which may include income from collaborations, strategic partnerships, or marketing, distribution, licensing or other strategic arrangements with third parties, or from grants. If we are unable to acquire additional capital or resources, we will be required to modify our operational plans to fund our operating expense requirements. Refer to “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Limited Operating History, Business, Financial Condition, and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report for further details related to the risk of raising additional capital to fund our operations.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated.


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(68,113,589)	$	(30,433,841)
Net cash used in investing activities	(58,264,594)		(142,051,023)
Net cash provided by financing activities	51,161,002		451,285,093
Effect of movements in exchange rates on cash held	(295,865)		(140,047)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	(75,513,046)	$	278,660,182

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

We did not generate any cash inflows from our operating activities. Our cash flows from operating activities are significantly influenced by our use of cash for operating expenses and working capital requirements, and we have historically experienced negative cash flows from operating activities as we invested in clinical research and related development.

Net cash used in operating activities was $68.1 million and $30.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The increase of net cash used in operating activities of $37.7 million was primarily driven by the increase in operating loss of $38.7 million and the increase in cash paid for changes in prepaid expenses of $8.4 million. The increases were partially offset by an increase in cash from changes in trade and other payables of $5.7 million and a decrease in cash paid for changes in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $4.2 million.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net cash used in investing activities was $58.3 million, consisting predominantly of $203.3 million related to the purchase of short-term marketable debt securities, partially offset by $145.4 million in proceeds received from maturities of short-term marketable debt securities with original maturities longer than three months. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, net cash used in investing activities was $142.1 million, consisting predominantly of $175.7 million related to the purchase of short-term marketable debt securities, partially offset by $33.7 million in proceeds received from maturities of short-term marketable debt securities with original maturities longer than three months.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities was $51.2 million consisting primarily of $52.5 million in net proceeds from the shares sold under the August 2023 Sales Agreement.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, net cash provided by financing activities was $451.3 million consisting primarily of the net proceeds from the shares sold under the Sales Agreements and in the Offering.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following summarizes our significant contractual obligations and other obligations as of September 30, 2024, which we generally expect to satisfy with cash on hand:


	Total		Less than 1 year		1 to 5 Years		More than 5 years

Purchase obligations(1)	$	145,087,507	$	107,076,429	$	38,011,078	$	—
Lease commitments(2)	3,576,911		1,565,211		2,011,700		—
Total contractual obligations	$	148,664,418	$	108,641,640	$	40,022,778	$	—

____________

(1) Purchase obligations refer to an agreement to purchase goods or services that is enforceable and legally binding on the Company that specifies all significant terms. The figures presented primarily relate to contractual commitments towards contract manufacturing and contract research organizations.

(2) We have committed ourselves to five leases, with terms that commenced on November 1, 2021, October 9, 2023, October 13, 2023, January 15, 2024, and September 8, 2024. We have accounted for the office lease arrangements as operating leases under the guidance ASU 2016-02, Leases Topic 842 through the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The future lease commitments relate to the office leases for our headquarters in Zug, Switzerland, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and Porto, Portugal, and reflect minimum payments due.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

A summary of our critical accounting policies and estimates is presented in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report. There were no material changes to our critical accounting estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 2 — Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q for more information about recent accounting pronouncements, the timing of their adoption, and our assessment, to the extent it has been made, of their potential impact on our financial condition and our results of operations and cash flows.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

As of September 30, 2024, we have cash and cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities of $493.9 million, which consist primarily of bank deposits, commercial papers and certificates of deposits. The investments in these financial instruments are made in accordance with an investment policy which specifies the categories, allocations and ratings of securities permissible for investment. The primary objective of the investment activities is non-trading related and instead to preserve principal as well as maximizing income received without significantly increasing risk.

To minimize any inherent market risk, we maintain a diverse and highly liquid portfolio which includes cash, cash equivalents and short-term investment securities available-for-sale in a variety of securities including certificates of deposits and commercial papers, all with various maturity dates. The fair value of the cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments would not be significantly affected by either an increase or decrease in interest rates due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Since they are classified as “available-for-sale”, no gains or losses are recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss due to changes in interest rates unless such securities are sold prior to maturity or declines in fair value are due to credit losses. We have the ability to hold all such investments until maturity. A hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in interest rates would not have had a material effect on our financial results or financial condition as of September 30, 2024.

We do not hold or issue derivatives, derivative commodity instruments or other financial instruments for speculative trading purposes.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

As of September 30, 2024, our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act) prior to the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of September 30, 2024, the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act) during the three months ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

The effectiveness of any system of internal control over financial reporting is subject to inherent limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating the controls and procedures, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Lastly, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are not currently subject to any material legal proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Any of the risks described in our Annual Report are factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in this Quarterly Report. Any of these factors could result in a significant or material adverse effect upon our business, results of operations or financial condition. Additional risk factors not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business, results of operations or financial condition. There have been no material changes to the risk factors that we included in our Annual Report. We may make changes to such risk factors or disclose additional risk factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Trading Arrangements

None of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the three months ended September 30, 2024, as such terms are defined under Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


No.						Description of Exhibit
3.1						Memorandum and Articles of Association of MoonLake Immunotherapeutics (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 11, 2022)
31.1*						Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*						Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1**						Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2**						Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*						Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104*						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS

/s/ Dr. Jorge Santos da Silva

Date:

November 7, 2024

Name:

Dr. Jorge Santos da Silva

Title:

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Matthias Bodenstedt

Date:

November 7, 2024

Name:

Matthias Bodenstedt

Title:

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 31.1

Certification Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Jorge Santos Da Silva, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of MoonLake Immunotherapeutics;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: November 7, 2024

By: /s/ Jorge Santos Da Silva

Name: Jorge Santos Da Silva

Title: Chief Executive Officer

(principal executive officer)

Exhibit 31.2

Certification Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Matthias Bodenstedt, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of MoonLake Immunotherapeutics;

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: November 7, 2024

By: /s/ Matthias Bodenstedt

Name: Matthias Bodenstedt

Title: Chief Financial Officer

(principal financial and accounting officer)

Exhibit 32.1

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Jorge Santos Da Silva, to the best of my knowledge certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of MoonLake Immunotherapeutics (the “Company”) for the period ended September 30, 2024 (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: November 7, 2024

By: /s/ Jorge Santos Da Silva

Name: Jorge Santos Da Silva

Title: Chief Executive Officer

(principal executive officer)

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

Note: A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to MoonLake Immunotherapeutics and will be retained by MoonLake Immunotherapeutics and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

Exhibit 32.2

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Matthias Bodenstedt, to the best of my knowledge certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of MoonLake Immunotherapeutics (the “Company”) for the period ended September 30, 2024 (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: November 7, 2024

By: /s/ Matthias Bodenstedt

Name: Matthias Bodenstedt

Title: Chief Financial Officer

(principal financial and accounting officer)

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
Cover - shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Nov. 01, 2024
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-39630
Entity Registrant Name	MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	E9
Entity Tax Identification Number	98-1711963
Entity Address, Address Line One	Dorfstrasse 29
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	6300
Entity Address, City or Town	Zug
Entity Address, Country	CH
City Area Code	41
Local Phone Number	415108022
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A ordinary share, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	MLTX
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Central Index Key	0001821586
Common Class A
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		63,063,929
Common Class C
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		841,269

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 375,656,291	$ 451,169,337
Short-term marketable debt securities	118,268,400	59,838,900
Other receivables	2,407,062	1,056,862
Prepaid expenses - current	15,984,425	2,102,203
Total current assets	512,316,178	514,167,302
Non-current assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3,251,197	3,628,480
Property and equipment, net	581,378	320,865
Prepaid expenses - non-current	2,064,575	8,423,468
Total non-current assets	5,897,150	12,372,813
Total assets	518,213,328	526,540,115
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables	10,710,603	1,837,684
Short-term portion of operating lease liabilities	1,444,893	1,197,876
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	7,925,524	6,930,120
Total current liabilities	20,081,020	9,965,680
Non-current liabilities
Long-term portion of operating lease liabilities	1,935,709	2,499,990
Pension liability	694,959	583,426
Total non-current liabilities	2,630,668	3,083,416
Total liabilities	22,711,688	13,049,096
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Equity
Additional paid-in capital	675,343,443	609,969,236
Accumulated deficit	(189,988,477)	(116,657,472)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	2,833,970	2,357,621
Total shareholders’ equity	488,195,325	495,675,683
Noncontrolling interests	7,306,315	17,815,336
Total equity	495,501,640	513,491,019
Total liabilities and equity	518,213,328	526,540,115
Common Class A
Equity
Common shares	6,305	6,047
Common Class C
Equity
Common shares	$ 84	$ 251

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Common Class A
Common shares, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common shares, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common shares, shares issued (in shares)	63,046,025	60,466,453
Common shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	63,046,025	60,466,453
Common Class C
Common shares, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common shares, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common shares, shares issued (in shares)	841,269	2,505,476
Common shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	841,269	2,505,476

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Operating expenses
Research and development	$ (35,735,514)	$ (7,585,136)	$ (72,411,709)	$ (23,704,087)
General and administrative	(7,376,495)	(5,391,607)	(21,099,001)	(15,390,117)
Total operating expenses	(43,112,009)	(12,976,743)	(93,510,710)	(39,094,204)
Operating loss	(43,112,009)	(12,976,743)	(93,510,710)	(39,094,204)
Other income, net	7,089,691	1,386,313	18,903,070	2,952,557
Loss before income tax	(36,022,318)	(11,590,430)	(74,607,640)	(36,141,647)
Income tax expense	(92,106)	(28,923)	(241,059)	(50,080)
Net loss	(36,114,424)	(11,619,353)	(74,848,699)	(36,191,727)
Of which: net loss attributable to controlling interests shareholders	(35,390,337)	(9,426,049)	(73,331,005)	(28,570,184)
Of which: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests shareholders	(724,087)	(2,193,304)	(1,517,694)	(7,621,543)
Net unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities and short term investments	(325,510)	3,437,291	508,860	3,046,538
Actuarial gain (loss) on employee benefit plans	(115,629)	39,157	(110,878)	(19,323)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(441,139)	3,476,448	397,982	3,027,215
Comprehensive loss	(36,555,563)	(8,142,905)	(74,450,717)	(33,164,512)
Comprehensive loss attributable to controlling interests shareholders	(35,822,526)	(6,590,259)	(72,941,435)	(26,095,926)
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	$ (733,037)	$ (1,552,646)	$ (1,509,282)	$ (7,068,586)
Weighted-average number of shares, basic (in shares)	62,896,782	53,517,655	62,803,220	45,485,650
Weighted-average number of shares, diluted (in shares)	62,896,782	53,517,655	62,803,220	45,485,650
Basic net loss per share attributable to controlling interest shareholders (USD per share)	$ (0.56)	$ (0.18)	$ (1.17)	$ (0.63)
Diluted net loss per share attributable to controlling interest shareholders (USD per share)	$ (0.56)	$ (0.18)	$ (1.17)	$ (0.63)
Common Class A
Operating expenses
Weighted-average number of shares, basic (in shares)	62,896,782	53,517,655	62,803,220	45,485,650
Weighted-average number of shares, diluted (in shares)	62,896,782	53,517,655	62,803,220	45,485,650
Basic net loss per share attributable to controlling interest shareholders (USD per share)	$ (0.56)	$ (0.18)	$ (1.17)	$ (0.63)
Diluted net loss per share attributable to controlling interest shareholders (USD per share)	$ (0.56)	$ (0.18)	$ (1.17)	$ (0.63)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY - USD ($)	Total	Common Class A	Common Class C	Total Shareholders' Equity	Common Stock Common Class A	Common Stock Common Class C	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Noncontrolling Interests
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022					38,977,600	13,723,511
Equity, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 68,766,698			$ 48,898,296	$ 3,898	$ 1,373	$ 129,192,291	$ (80,650,212)	$ 350,946	$ 19,868,402
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Share-based compensation under the ESPP, ESOP, Equity Incentive Plan and reverse vesting of Restricted Founder Shares	2,577,187			1,875,992			1,875,992			701,195
Refund of stamp duty fees	4,923			3,517			3,517			1,406
Net loss	(12,218,987)			(9,004,856)				(9,004,856)		(3,214,131)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(17,672)			(12,625)					(12,625)	(5,047)
Conversion and transfer of shares between classes (in shares)					176,603	(176,603)
Conversion of MoonLake Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares	0			238,836	$ 18	$ (18)	237,049		1,787	(238,836)
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023					39,154,203	13,546,908
Equity, end balance at Mar. 31, 2023	59,112,149			41,999,160	$ 3,916	$ 1,355	131,308,849	(89,655,068)	340,108	17,112,989
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022					38,977,600	13,723,511
Equity, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	68,766,698			48,898,296	$ 3,898	$ 1,373	129,192,291	(80,650,212)	350,946	19,868,402
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(36,191,727)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	3,027,215
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023					53,561,488	8,884,517
Equity, end balance at Sep. 30, 2023	489,642,186			424,933,000	$ 5,356	$ 889	531,271,953	(109,220,396)	2,875,198	64,709,186
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023					39,154,203	13,546,908
Equity, beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2023	59,112,149			41,999,160	$ 3,916	$ 1,355	131,308,849	(89,655,068)	340,108	17,112,989
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Share-based compensation under the ESPP, ESOP, Equity Incentive Plan and reverse vesting of Restricted Founder Shares	1,497,661			1,247,416			1,247,416			250,245
Net loss	(12,353,387)			(10,139,279)				(10,139,279)		(2,214,108)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(431,561)			(348,906)					(348,906)	(82,655)
Conversion and transfer of shares between classes (in shares)					4,587,713	(4,587,713)
Conversion of MoonLake Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares	0			5,753,517	$ 459	$ (459)	5,709,595		43,922	(5,753,517)
Issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares, net of transaction costs (in shares)					9,744,894
Issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares, net of transaction costs (Note 11)	451,285,093			451,285,093	$ 974		451,284,119
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023					53,486,810	8,959,195
Equity, end balance at Jun. 30, 2023	499,109,955			489,797,001	$ 5,349	$ 896	589,549,979	(99,794,347)	35,124	9,312,954
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Share-based compensation under the ESPP, ESOP, Equity Incentive Plan and reverse vesting of Restricted Founder Shares	1,425,651			1,238,144			1,238,144			187,507
Net loss	(11,619,353)			(9,426,049)				(9,426,049)		(2,193,304)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	3,476,448			2,835,790					2,835,790	640,658
Conversion and transfer of shares between classes (in shares)					74,678	(74,678)
Conversion of MoonLake Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares	0			548,740	$ 7	$ (7)	545,591		3,149	(548,740)
Capital injection from MoonLake to MoonLake AG (Note 11)	(2,750,515)			(60,060,626)			(60,061,761)		1,135	57,310,111
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023					53,561,488	8,884,517
Equity, end balance at Sep. 30, 2023	489,642,186			424,933,000	$ 5,356	$ 889	531,271,953	(109,220,396)	2,875,198	64,709,186
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023		60,466,453	2,505,476		60,466,453	2,505,476
Equity, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	513,491,019			495,675,683	$ 6,047	$ 251	609,969,236	(116,657,472)	2,357,621	17,815,336
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Share-based compensation under the ESPP, ESOP, Equity Incentive Plan and reverse vesting of Restricted Founder Shares	1,677,208			1,693,101			1,693,101			(15,893)
Net loss	(13,975,521)			(13,673,656)				(13,673,656)		(301,865)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	263,503			257,949					257,949	5,554
Conversion and transfer of shares between classes (in shares)					1,493,356	(1,493,356)
Conversion of MoonLake Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares	0			10,613,583	$ 149	$ (149)	10,536,980		76,603	(10,613,583)
Buyback of unvested MoonLake AG Common Shares by MoonLake AG into treasury following an employee contract termination (Note 11)	(50)			114,058			113,154		904	(114,108)
Capital injection from MoonLake to MoonLake AG (Note 11)	$ (1,609,961)			(4,667,177)			(4,667,196)		19	3,057,216
Cancellation of Class C shares following an employee contract termination in MoonLake AG (in shares)	(16,853)					(16,853)
Cancellation of MoonLake Class C Ordinary Shares following an employee contract termination in MoonLake AG (Note 11)	$ 0					$ (2)	2
Issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares, net of transaction costs (in shares)	914,828				914,828
Issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares, net of transaction costs (Note 11)	$ 52,540,190			52,540,190	$ 91		52,540,099
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024					62,874,637	995,267
Equity, end balance at Mar. 31, 2024	552,386,388			542,553,731	$ 6,287	$ 100	670,185,376	(130,331,128)	2,693,096	9,832,657
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023		60,466,453	2,505,476		60,466,453	2,505,476
Equity, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	513,491,019			495,675,683	$ 6,047	$ 251	609,969,236	(116,657,472)	2,357,621	17,815,336
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(74,848,699)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	397,982
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024		63,046,025	841,269		63,046,025	841,269
Equity, end balance at Sep. 30, 2024	495,501,640			488,195,325	$ 6,305	$ 84	675,343,443	(189,988,477)	2,833,970	7,306,315
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024					62,874,637	995,267
Equity, beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2024	552,386,388			542,553,731	$ 6,287	$ 100	670,185,376	(130,331,128)	2,693,096	9,832,657
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Share-based compensation under the ESPP, ESOP, Equity Incentive Plan and reverse vesting of Restricted Founder Shares	1,828,245			1,813,207			1,813,207			15,038
Net loss	(24,758,754)			(24,267,012)				(24,267,012)		(491,742)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	575,618			563,811					563,811	11,807
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024					62,874,637	995,267
Equity, end balance at Jun. 30, 2024	530,031,497			520,663,737	$ 6,287	$ 100	671,998,583	(154,598,140)	3,256,907	9,367,760
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Share-based compensation under the ESPP, ESOP, Equity Incentive Plan and reverse vesting of Restricted Founder Shares	1,842,609			1,827,571			1,827,571			15,038
Refund of stamp duty fees	91,799			89,915			89,915			1,884
Net loss	(36,114,424)			(35,390,337)				(35,390,337)		(724,087)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$ (441,139)			(432,189)					(432,189)	(8,950)
Stock options exercised (in shares)	17,390				17,390
Options exercised under the Equity Incentive Plan (Note 11)	$ 91,298			91,298	$ 2		91,296
Conversion and transfer of shares between classes (in shares)					153,998	(153,998)
Conversion of MoonLake Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares	0			1,345,330	$ 16	$ (16)	1,336,078		9,252	(1,345,330)
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024		63,046,025	841,269		63,046,025	841,269
Equity, end balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 495,501,640			$ 488,195,325	$ 6,305	$ 84	$ 675,343,443	$ (189,988,477)	$ 2,833,970	$ 7,306,315

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash flow from operating activities
Net loss	$ (74,848,699)	$ (36,191,727)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	83,440	9,869
Share-based compensation expense	5,348,062	5,500,499
Net periodic pension benefit (gain) cost for the qualified pension plan	(2,678)	(50,740)
Other non-cash items	1,189,056	96,364
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other receivables	(1,350,200)	(503,626)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(5,443)	0
Prepaid expenses	(7,523,329)	869,187
Trade and other payables	8,872,919	3,149,756
Operating lease liabilities	(872,121)	(117,832)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	995,404	(3,195,591)
Net cash flow used in operating activities	(68,113,589)	(30,433,841)
Cash flow from investing activities
Purchase of short-term marketable debt securities	(203,334,691)	(175,732,711)
Proceeds from maturities of short-term marketable debt securities	145,414,050	33,681,688
Purchase of property and equipment	(343,953)	0
Net cash flow used in investing activities	(58,264,594)	(142,051,023)
Cash flow from financing activities
Issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares, net of transaction costs	52,540,190	451,285,093
Stamp duty on capital injection from MoonLake to MoonLake AG	(1,470,436)	0
Proceeds from options exercised under the Equity Incentive Plan	91,298	0
Buyback of unvested MoonLake AG Common Shares by MoonLake AG following an employee contract termination	(50)	0
Net cash flow provided by financing activities	51,161,002	451,285,093
Effect of movements in exchange rates on cash held	(295,865)	(140,047)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(75,513,046)	278,660,182
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	451,169,337	39,505,627
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	375,656,291	318,165,809
Supplementary disclosure of cash flow information:
Non-cash operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$ 554,857	$ 0

Overview of the Company	9 Months Ended
Overview of the Company	Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Overview of the Company	Overview of the Company Corporate Information MoonLake Immunotherapeutics is a clinical stage biotechnology company advancing therapies to address significant unmet needs in inflammatory skin and joint diseases. MoonLake Immunotherapeutics is currently a single asset company focused on the development of Sonelokimab (“SLK”), a novel tri-specific IL-17A and IL-17F inhibiting Nanobody that has the potential, based on response levels seen in clinical trials, to drive disease modification in dermatology and rheumatology patients. Unless the context otherwise requires, “MoonLake” and the “Company” refer to the combined company following the Business Combination (as defined in Note 2 — Business Combination Agreement with Helix and Recapitalization included in MoonLake’s audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in MoonLake’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 29, 2024 (the “Annual Report”)) consummated on April 5, 2022, together with its subsidiaries.

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies	Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include those of the Company and its subsidiaries, MoonLake Immunotherapeutics AG, a Swiss stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft) registered with the commercial register of the Canton of Zug, Switzerland under the number CHE-433.093.536 (“MoonLake AG”), MoonLake Immunotherapeutics Ltd., a private limited company incorporated in the United Kingdom, and MNLK Immunotherapeutics, Unipessoal Lda ("MNLK PT"), a private limited company incorporated in Portugal, after elimination of all intercompany accounts and transactions. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes hereto have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) as set forth by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and in conformity with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the FASB. In the opinion of management, all material adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial information, which are of a normal and recurring nature, have been made for the interim periods reported. Results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire fiscal year or any other period. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared on the same basis as and should be read in conjunction with MoonLake’s audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in the Annual Report. All amounts are presented in U.S. Dollar (“$”), unless otherwise indicated. The term “Swiss franc” and “CHF” refer to the legal currency of Switzerland, "GBP" refers to the legal currency of the United Kingdom, and “€” and "Euro" refer to the legal currency of Portugal. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses. The significant judgments, estimates and assumptions relevant to the Company relate to: •determining whether the in-process research and development expenditure (“IPR&D”) has an alternative future use; •determining assumptions used in estimating the fair value of share-based compensation; •estimating the recoverability of the deferred tax asset; and •estimating the amount of accruals in connection with the completion of clinical trial milestones. The Company bases its judgments and estimates on various factors and information, which may include, but are not limited to, the Company’s forecasts and future plans, current economic conditions and observable market-based transactions of its own shares, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities and recorded amounts of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. To the extent there are material differences between the Company’s estimates and the actual results, the Company’s future results of operation may be affected. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value. As of September 30, 2024, the Company considers $59.8 million of short-term marketable debt securities in the form of eurocommercial papers and certificates of deposit to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2023, the Company considered $129.4 million of short-term marketable debt securities in the form of eurocommercial papers and certificates of deposit to be cash equivalents. Marketable securities and short-term investments The Company invests in short-term marketable securities in the form of debt securities. At the time of purchase, the Company assesses whether such debt security should be classified as held-to-maturity or available-for-sale debt securities. Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Held-to-maturity debt securities are carried at amortized cost, adjusted for accretion of discounts or amortization of premiums to maturity computed under the effective interest method. Such accretion or amortization is included in “Interest and dividend income”. Marketable debt securities not classified as held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value. Net unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities are excluded from the determination of earnings and are instead recognized in the “Accumulated other comprehensive income” component of equity until realized. Realized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities are computed based upon the historical cost of these securities, using the specific identification method. A decline in the fair value of any security below cost that is deemed other than temporary results in a charge to earnings and the corresponding establishment of a new cost basis for the security. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses are included in "Other income" and the cost of securities sold is determined using the specific-identification method. Marketable debt securities are classified as either “Cash and cash equivalents” or “Short‑term marketable debt securities” according to their original maturity at the time of acquisition. Changes in unrealized gains and losses pertaining to cash equivalent securities are added back into the consolidated statements of cash flows as those are excluded from the determination of earnings but impact the cash and cash equivalents position. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash accounts in large financial institutions which, at times, may exceed the CHF 100,000 deposit protection limit in Switzerland, the $250,000 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation deposit insurance coverage limit in the United States, the GBP 85,000 Financial Services Compensation Scheme deposit protection limit in the United Kingdom, or the €100,000 Fundo de Garantia de Depósitos deposit protection limit in Portugal. The Company believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial strength of the depository institutions in which the cash and cash equivalents are held. Additionally, the Company ensures further protection against credit risk by diversifying its cash holdings across a variety of credit institutions, thereby minimizing the potential impact of any adverse events on a single institution. Further, the Company's investment strategy for cash (in excess of current business requirements) is set to invest in short-term marketable debt securities. Management actively monitors credit risk in the investment portfolio. Credit risk exposures are controlled in accordance with policies approved by the board of directors to identify, measure, monitor and control credit risks. Fair Value Measurements The Company follows the guidance included in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs to fair value measurements: •Level 1, meaning the use of quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; •Level 2, meaning the use of quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active or are directly or indirectly observable; and •Level 3, meaning the use of unobservable inputs. Observable market data is used when available. Transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 within the fair value hierarchy are recognized at the end of the reporting period when the respective transaction occurred. Segment Information The Company operates as a single operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, its Chief Executive Officer, manages the Company’s operations on a stand-alone basis for the purposes of allocating resources and assessing financial performance. Property and Equipment Property and equipment, net is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of three to five years. As of September 30, 2024, property and equipment, net relates to information technology, office equipment, and leasehold improvements. Research and Development Contract Costs and Accruals Research and development expenses include employee payroll, consulting, contract research and contract manufacturing costs attributable to research and development activities and are expensed as incurred. Upfront payments and milestone payments made for the licensing of technology are expensed as research and development expenses in the period in which it is probable that a liability has been incurred. Advance payments for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are recorded as prepaid expenses. The prepaid amounts are expensed as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed. The Company has entered into various research and development contracts with companies both inside and outside of the United States. These agreements are generally cancellable, and related payments are recorded as research and development expenses as incurred. The Company records accruals for estimated ongoing research costs. When evaluating the adequacy of the accrued liabilities, the Company analyzes progress of the studies or trials, including the phase or completion of events, invoices received and contracted costs. Significant judgments and estimates are made in determining the accrued balances at the end of any reporting period. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates. The Company’s historical accrual estimates have not been materially different from the actual costs. Share-Based Compensation The Company recognizes compensation expense based on estimated fair values for all stock-based payment awards made to eligible employees, members of the board of directors and independent contractors that are expected to vest. The valuation of stock option awards is determined at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the Company to make assumptions and judgements about the inputs used in the calculations, such as the fair value of the common stock, expected term, expected volatility of the Company’s common stock, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yield. The valuation of restricted stock awards is measured by the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. For all stock options granted, the Company calculated the expected term as the period that share-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The estimate of expected volatility is based on comparative companies’ volatility within the Company's industry. The risk-free rate is based on the yield available on United States Treasury zero-coupon issues corresponding to the expected term of the award. The fair value of the common stock granted under the ESPP (as defined in Note 13 — Share-based compensation) has historically been estimated by management with reference to the market-based transaction with its Series A investors, as there was no public market for the common stock. Share-based payment arrangements are accounted for under the fair value method. Total compensation is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award at that date, and recorded in earnings over the period the employees are required to render service. The Company recognizes compensation cost only for those awards expected to meet the service conditions on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. Foreign Currency The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Balances and transactions denominated in foreign currencies are converted as follows: monetary assets and liabilities are translated using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates and non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical exchange rates. Revenue and expenses are translated at the daily exchange rate on the respective accounting date. Gains or losses from foreign currency translation are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in "other income, net". The Company recognized foreign currency transaction loss of $26,746 and $125,581 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and a foreign currency transaction loss of $557,144 and $276,491 for three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes by using the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is recorded to the extent it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the Company's deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in operations in the period that includes the enactment date. Net Loss per Class A Ordinary Shares Basic net loss per Class A Ordinary Share is calculated using the two-class method under which earnings are allocated to both Class A Ordinary Shares and participating securities. Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to Class A Ordinary Shares by the weighted-average number of Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding for the period. The diluted net loss per Class A Ordinary Share is computed by dividing the net loss using the weighted-average number of Class A Ordinary Shares and, if dilutive, potential Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding during the period. In periods in which the Company reports a net loss attributable to shareholders of Class A Ordinary Shares, diluted net loss per share attributable to shareholders of Class A Ordinary Shares is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to shareholders of Class A Ordinary Shares, since dilutive Class A Ordinary Shares are not assumed to be outstanding if their effect is anti-dilutive. Acquisitions The Company evaluates acquisitions of assets and other similar transactions to assess whether or not the transaction should be accounted for as a business combination or asset acquisition by first assessing whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. On April 29, 2021, MoonLake AG entered into an in-licensing agreement (the “In-License Agreement”) with Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (“MHKDG”) to acquire the Sonelokimab program (the “SLK Program”) and determined that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired related to IPR&D of SLK. Therefore, this transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition. IPR&D represents incomplete technologies that the Company acquires, which at the time of acquisition, are still under development and have no alternative future use. The fair value of such technologies is expensed upon acquisition. A technology is considered to have an alternative future use if it is probable that the Company will use the asset in its current, incomplete state as it existed at the acquisition date, in another research and development project that has not yet commenced, and economic benefit is anticipated from that use. If a technology is determined to have an alternative future use, then the fair value of the program would be recorded as an asset on the balance sheet rather than expensed. Contingent consideration payments (for example milestone payments due upon the occurrence of a specific event) in asset acquisitions are recognized in the period in which it is probable that a liability has been incurred (unless the contingent consideration meets the definition of a derivative, in which case the amount becomes part of the cost in the asset acquired). Upon recognition of the contingent consideration payment, the amount is expensed if it relates to IPR&D or capitalized if it relates to a developed product which is generally considered to be when clinical trials have been completed and regulatory approval obtained. Future royalty payments due on net sales will be recognized in cost of goods sold when net sales are recognized. Pension Accounting The Company accounts for pension assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC 715, Compensation – Retirement Benefits, which requires the recognition of the funded status of pension plans in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The liability in respect to defined benefit pension plans is the projected benefit obligation calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The projected benefit obligation as of September 30, 2024 represents the actuarial present value of the estimated future payments required to settle the obligation that is attributable to employee services rendered before that date. Service costs for such pension plans, represented in the net periodic pension benefit cost, are included in the personnel expenses of the various functions where the employees are engaged. The other components of net benefit cost are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss separately from the service cost component, in “other income, net.” Plan assets are recorded at their fair value. Gains or losses arising from plan curtailments or settlements are accounted for at the time they occur. Any net pension asset is limited to the present value of the future economic benefits available to the Company in the form of refunds from the plan or expected reductions in future contributions to the plan. Actuarial gains and losses arising from differences between the actual and the expected return on plan assets are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income. Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception. For these arrangements, it is evaluated if the arrangement involves an identified asset that is physically distinct or whether the Company has the right to substantially all of the capacity of an identified asset that is not physically distinct. In arrangements that involve an identified asset, there is also judgment in evaluating if the Company has the right to direct the use of that asset. MoonLake does not have any finance leases. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has five operating leases related to the office spaces located in (i) Dorfstrasse 29, 6300, Zug, Switzerland (comprised of two leases), (ii) 95 Regent Street, CB2 1AW, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom, and (iii) Rua Manuel Pinto de Azedevo 860, 4150-335, Porto, Portugal (comprised of two leases). The operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term commencing on the date the Company has the right to use the leased property. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are measured at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term, determined using the discount rate for the lease at the commencement date. Because the rate implicit in the leases is not readily determinable, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate, which approximates the interest rate at which the Company could borrow on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments and in similar economic environments. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less that do not have the option to purchase the underlying asset are not recorded on the balance sheet, with lease expense for these leases recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term commencing on the date the Company has the right to use the leased property. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements not yet Adopted In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment reporting — Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This new standard requires public entities to disclose significant segment expenses and additional segment items annually and to provide all reported segment profit or loss and assets disclosures currently required annually on an interim basis. The standard also requires disclosure of the Chief Operating Decision Maker's title and position. The standard does not change the manner in which public entities identify their operating segments, aggregate them, or apply the quantitative thresholds for determining their reportable segments. It is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company has determined it operates as a single segment, therefore, we do not anticipate this ASU to materially impact our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income taxes — Improvements to Income Taxes Disclosure. The purpose of this guidance is to enhance the transparency and usefulness of income tax disclosures and provide comprehensive income tax information, particularly in relation to rate reconciliation and income taxes paid in the U.S and foreign jurisdictions. It is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. This ASU will result in the required additional disclosures being included in our consolidated financial statements, once adopted.

Risks and Liquidity	9 Months Ended
Risks and Liquidity	Sep. 30, 2024
Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]
Risks and Liquidity	Risks and Liquidity Going Concern, Liquidity and Capital Resources MoonLake is subject to risks common to companies in the biopharmaceutical industry, and the Company believes that changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse effect on the Company's future financial position or results of operations: ability to obtain future financing, regulatory approval and market acceptance of, and reimbursement for, product candidates, performance of third-party contract research organizations and manufacturers upon which the Company relies, protection of the Company's intellectual property, litigation or claims against the Company based on intellectual property, patent, product, regulatory, clinical or other factors, and the Company's ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support its growth. The Company is dependent on third-party manufacturers to supply products for research and development activities in its programs. In particular, the Company relies and expects to continue to rely on a small number of manufacturers to supply the Company with its requirements for the active pharmaceutical ingredients and formulated drugs related to these programs. These programs could be adversely affected by a significant interruption in the supply of active pharmaceutical ingredients and formulated drugs. The Company's ability to generate revenue sufficient to achieve profitability will depend on the successful development and eventual commercialization of SLK in one or more indications, which is expected to take a number of years. The Company expects to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for at least the next three years as the Company continues the development of SLK and prepares for commercial launches. It is expected that operating losses will fluctuate significantly from year to year depending on the timing of the Company's planned clinical development programs and efforts to achieve regulatory approval. The Company incurred a loss of $74.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. As of September 30, 2024, the Company’s current assets exceeded its current liabilities by $492.2 million. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had $375.7 million of cash and cash equivalents. Based on the Company's current operating plan, management believes that the Company has sufficient capital to fund its operations and capital expenditures until the end of 2026.

Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements


	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Level 2		Total			Level 2		Total
Eurocommercial Papers	$	89,072,100	$	89,072,100		$	109,608,915	$	109,608,915
Certificates of Deposit	88,991,100		88,991,100			79,626,727		79,626,727
Total	$	178,063,200	$	178,063,200		$	189,235,642	$	189,235,642

Investments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investments

The fair value and amortized cost of investments in short-term marketable debt securities by major security type as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value
Eurocommercial Papers	$	87,231,307	$	1,840,793	$	—	$	89,072,100
Certificates of Deposit	87,602,179		1,388,921		—		88,991,100
Total	$	174,833,486	$	3,229,714	$	—	$	178,063,200


Of which classified within cash and cash equivalents	59,212,123	582,677	—	59,794,800
Of which classified within short-term marketable debt securities	115,621,363	2,647,037	—	118,268,400


Beginning balance, January 1, 2024	$	2,720,854
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	13,000,645
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	(12,491,785)

Ending balance, September 30, 2024	$	3,229,714

As of September 30, 2024, the Company’s marketable debt securities maturities are all due within one year.

Prepaid Expenses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Prepaid Expenses


Prepaid expenses - current	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Non-clinical research and clinical development services	$	7,381,811	$	842,729
Supply and manufacturing services	6,358,892		1,205
Insurance	1,496,521		1,077,478
Other prepayments	747,201		180,791

Total	$	15,984,425	$	2,102,203

Prepaid expenses - non-current	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Supply and manufacturing services	$	2,064,575	$	8,423,468
Total	$	2,064,575	$	8,423,468

Trade and Other Payables

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Trade and Other Payables


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Research and development services and license fees	$	7,113,098	$	911,454
Supply and manufacturing fees payable	3,044,237		553,459
Consulting and advisory services	307,581		80,695
Legal advisory fees payable	104,317		47,095


Other payables	141,370		244,981
Total	$	10,710,603	$	1,837,684

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Research and development services and license fees	$	3,253,581	$	1,226,281
Bonuses and related employees compensation expenses	2,922,982		2,780,219
Supply and manufacturing services	894,894		1,603,739
Tax liabilities	484,482		367,976
Consultant and other fees	351,774		853,905
Legal fees	17,811		98,000
Total	$	7,925,524	$	6,930,120

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Trade and Other Payables


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Research and development services and license fees	$	7,113,098	$	911,454
Supply and manufacturing fees payable	3,044,237		553,459
Consulting and advisory services	307,581		80,695
Legal advisory fees payable	104,317		47,095


Other payables	141,370		244,981
Total	$	10,710,603	$	1,837,684

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Research and development services and license fees	$	3,253,581	$	1,226,281
Bonuses and related employees compensation expenses	2,922,982		2,780,219
Supply and manufacturing services	894,894		1,603,739
Tax liabilities	484,482		367,976
Consultant and other fees	351,774		853,905
Legal fees	17,811		98,000
Total	$	7,925,524	$	6,930,120

Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate for the operating leases as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Weighted average remaining lease term (in months)	32		39
Weighted average discount rate	4.7	%	4.9	%

The maturities of the Company's operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


Year ending December 31,	Amount
Remainder of fiscal 2024	$	386,519
2025	1,571,589
2026	1,242,550
2027	140,313
2028	140,313
Thereafter	95,627
Total lease payments	3,576,911
Less imputed interest	(196,309)
Total lease liability	3,380,602
Less current portion of lease liability	(1,444,893)
Long-term portion operating lease liability	$	1,935,709

Operating cash outflows for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities was $1,101,661 and $78,270 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively.

The Company recorded the following lease and variable lease expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Operating lease expense	$	358,583	$	39,562	$	1,061,029	$	117,832
Variable lease expense1	5,398		—		5,398		—
Total lease expense	$	363,981	$	39,562	$	1,066,427	$	117,832

Employee Benefit Plans

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Employee Benefit Plans

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost under the Plan


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Service cost	$	71,107	$	31,175	$	210,387	$	91,596
Interest cost	8,387		7,784		24,814		22,872
Expected return on plan assets	(15,338)		(9,280)		(45,380)		(27,265)

Amortization of unrecognized loss	2,609		—		7,717		—
Prior service credit recognized in current year	(2,582)		—		(7,639)		—
Total net periodic benefit cost	$	64,183	$	29,679	$	189,899	$	87,203

Employer Contributions under the Plan

Shareholders’ Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Shareholders’ Equity


	Class A Ordinary Shares(1)		Class C Ordinary Shares(1)		Total Number of Ordinary Shares
		Authorized	Issued	Authorized	Issued	Authorized	Issued and Outstanding

Balance at January 1, 2024		500,000,000	60,466,453	100,000,000	2,505,476	600,000,000	62,971,929
Conversion of Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares		—	1,493,356	—	(1,493,356)	—	—
Issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares under the ATM facility		—	914,828	—	—	—	914,828
Cancellation of Class C shares following an employee contract termination in MoonLake AG		—	—	—	(16,853)	—	(16,853)
Balance at March 31, 2024		500,000,000	62,874,637	100,000,000	995,267	600,000,000	63,869,904
Balance at June 30, 2024		500,000,000	62,874,637	100,000,000	995,267	600,000,000	63,869,904
Conversion of Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares		—	153,998	—	(153,998)	—	—
Options exercised under the Equity Incentive Plan		—	17,390	—	—	—	17,390
Balance at September 30, 2024		500,000,000	63,046,025	100,000,000	841,269	600,000,000	63,887,294

(1) Fully paid-in registered shares with a par value of $0.0001

Class A Ordinary Shares

Class C Ordinary Shares

Equity Offerings

At-the-Market Offering

During the three months ended June 30, 2024 and the three months ended September 30, 2024, there were no sales under the August 2023 Sales Agreement.

Public Offering of Class A Ordinary Shares

Options Exercised under the Equity Incentive Plan

Net Loss per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss per Share

The following table sets forth the loss per share calculations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Numerator
Net loss attributable to controlling interests shareholders	$	(35,390,337)	$	(9,426,049)	$	(73,331,005)	$	(28,570,184)

Denominator
Total weighted average number of outstanding shares	62,896,782		53,517,655		62,803,220		45,485,650

Net loss per share – basic and diluted	$	(0.56)	$	(0.18)	$	(1.17)	$	(0.63)

Share-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Share-Based Compensation

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had the following share-based compensation arrangements:

a.Restricted Founder Shares (as defined below) – created in April 2021 by MoonLake AG (fully vested as of April 2023);

b.The Employee Share Participation Plan (“ESPP”) – created in July 2021 by MoonLake AG;

c.The Employee Stock Option Plan (“ESOP”) – created in July 2021 by MoonLake AG (fully vested as of January 2024);

d.MoonLake Immunotherapeutics 2022 Equity Incentive Plan ("Equity Incentive Plan") – created in April 2022 by MoonLake Immunotherapeutics.


Compensation Plan	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
MoonLake AG Restricted Founder Shares	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,574,299
ESPP	741,154		762,309		2,191,557		2,590,576


ESOP	—		255,171		—		614,469


Equity Incentive Plan	1,101,455		408,171		3,156,505		721,155
Total share-based compensation expense	$	1,842,609	$	1,425,651	$	5,348,062	$	5,500,499
Of which: included in research and development expense	508,697		262,717		1,446,049		1,150,815
Of which: included in general and administrative expense	1,333,912		1,162,934		3,902,013		4,349,684

MoonLake AG - Restricted Founder Shares


Grants awarded
Restricted Founder Shares			Number of Shares
Awards unvested as of January 1, 2023			1,110,078
Awards vested for the nine months ended September 30, 2023			(1,110,078)
Awards unvested as of September 30, 2023			—

Employee Share Participation Plan (ESPP) 2021-2025 - MoonLake AG


Grants awarded
ESPP			Number of Shares



Awards issued as of January 1 and September 30, 2023			2,237,915


Awards vested as of September 30, 2023			1,525,582

Awards issued as of January 1, 2024			2,237,915

Awards forfeited for the nine months ended September 30, 20242			(16,853)
Awards issued as of September 30, 2024			2,221,062
Awards vested as of September 30, 2024			1,827,826

As of September 30, 2024, MoonLake AG had $3.8 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to the ESPP that will be recognized over the weighted average period of 1.30 years.

Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) 2021-2025 - MoonLake AG


Grants awarded
ESOP			Number of Options
Awards outstanding as of January 1, 2023			466,770
Awards granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2023			133,444
Awards outstanding as of September 30, 2023			600,214
Awards exercisable as of September 30, 2023			186,593

Awards outstanding as of January 1, 2024			585,078

Awards converted from ESOP to Equity Incentive Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2024			(486,685)
Awards outstanding as of September 30, 2024			98,393
Awards exercisable as of September 30, 2024			98,393

MoonLake Immunotherapeutics 2022 Equity Incentive Plan


Grants awarded
Equity Incentive Plan			Number of Options
Awards outstanding as of January 1, 2023			180,000
Awards granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2023			56,485
Awards outstanding as of September 30, 2023			236,485
Awards exercisable as of September 30, 2023			60,000

Awards outstanding as of January 1, 2024			312,400
Awards granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2024			241,820
Awards exercised for the nine months ended September 30, 2024			(17,390)
Awards converted from ESOP to Equity Incentive Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2024			486,685
Awards forfeited for the nine months ended September 30, 2024			(49,715)
Awards outstanding as of September 30, 2024			973,800
Awards exercisable as of September 30, 2024			368,910


Weighted average assumptions for the awards issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2024
Estimated fair value of the option on the grant date using Black-Scholes model ($)			31.31
Exercise price ($)			45.63
Expected term of the award on the grant date (years) (1)			6
Expected volatility of the share price (2)			75%
Risk-free interest rate (3)			4.3%
Expected dividend rate			—%
(1) The expected term represents the period that share-based awards are expected to be outstanding. (2) The expected volatility was derived from the historical stock volatilities of comparable peer public companies within the Company’s industry. (3) The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the measurement date with maturities approximately equal to the expected term.

Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
Income Taxes	Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The Company's effective tax rate (“ETR”) was 0.3% and 0.3% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and 0.2% and 0.1% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The Company is not aware of any items that would cause the quarterly ETR to be significantly different from the Company's annual ETR. The difference between the income tax provision that would be derived by applying the statutory rate to the Company's loss before income taxes and the income tax provision recorded was primarily attributable to the change in the valuation allowance. The Company continues to incur losses for the entities domiciled in the Cayman Island and Switzerland, and its ability to utilize the deferred tax asset related to the tax losses is not considered more likely than not. A full valuation allowance has been recorded against the deferred tax asset.

Commitment and Contingencies	9 Months Ended
Commitment and Contingencies	Sep. 30, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitment and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Commitments The Company has entered into agreements as of September 30, 2024 primarily in regards to the clinical and non-clinical development services with contract research organizations ("CROs"), as well as supply and logistics services with contract manufacturing organizations ("CMOs"), for the advancement of SLK. As of September 30, 2024, the total committed expense under these agreements amounted to $145.1 million, of which $8.0 million are recognized under Prepaid expenses - current, $2.1 million are recognized under Prepaid expenses - non-current, and the rest remain unrecognized. The Company's In-License Agreement with MHKDG includes contractual milestone payments related to the achievement of pre-specified research, development, regulatory and commercialization events and indemnification provisions, which are common in such agreements. Pursuant to the agreements, the Company is obligated to make research and development and regulatory milestone payments upon the occurrence of certain events. Subject to the terms of the license, additional milestone payments of up to €299.6 million ($335.2 million using a September 30, 2024 exchange rate) are potentially payable upon satisfying specific milestones related to regulatory filing acceptance, first commercial sales, and aggregate annual net sales. The milestone payments are payable in cash. Milestone payments due prior to obtaining regulatory approval will be recorded as research and development expense upon determination that a milestone payment is probable to occur. Milestone payments due after obtaining regulatory approval will be capitalized when and if incurred. The Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the milestones to occur. However, if the Company reasonably determines that a technical failure or commercial failure has occurred with respect to all or a part of the SLK Program, the Company, at its sole discretion, can terminate all or part of the SLK Program. As of September 30, 2024, the Company made a total of €7.5 million ($8.1 million using the then applicable exchange rates) in additional milestone payments. In addition, on May 12, 2023, MoonLake AG entered into an agreement with Research Cooperation Technologies, Inc. (“RCT”) and MHKDG, effective as of June 1, 2023, pursuant to which the Company was granted a royalty-bearing, nonexclusive, sublicensable right and license under RCT’s patents and know-how related to a manufacturing process using an underlying yeast strain, Pichia pastoris, to develop, manufacture, use, sell, offer for sale, and import and otherwise commercialize SLK on a world-wide basis, subject to certain restrictions. This agreement replaces the Company’s sublicense for similar rights under the In-License Agreement. In the aggregate, the Company is required to pay royalties within the range of low to mid-teen percent of net sales under the aforementioned agreements with MHKDG and RCT. Royalties will be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss when net sales are recognized.

Segment Information and Geographic Data

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information and Geographic Data


Country	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Switzerland	$	680,946	$	507,392
United Kingdom	2,012,806		2,704,555
Portugal	1,138,823		737,398
Total	$	3,832,575	$	3,949,345

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ (35,390,337)	$ (9,426,049)	$ (73,331,005)	$ (28,570,184)

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Sep. 30, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include those of the Company and its subsidiaries, MoonLake Immunotherapeutics AG, a Swiss stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft) registered with the commercial register of the Canton of Zug, Switzerland under the number CHE-433.093.536 (“MoonLake AG”), MoonLake Immunotherapeutics Ltd., a private limited company incorporated in the United Kingdom, and MNLK Immunotherapeutics, Unipessoal Lda ("MNLK PT"), a private limited company incorporated in Portugal, after elimination of all intercompany accounts and transactions. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes hereto have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) as set forth by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and in conformity with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the FASB. In the opinion of management, all material adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial information, which are of a normal and recurring nature, have been made for the interim periods reported. Results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire fiscal year or any other period. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared on the same basis as and should be read in conjunction with MoonLake’s audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in the Annual Report. All amounts are presented in U.S. Dollar (“$”), unless otherwise indicated. The term “Swiss franc” and “CHF” refer to the legal currency of Switzerland, "GBP" refers to the legal currency of the United Kingdom, and “€” and "Euro" refer to the legal currency of Portugal.
Use of Estimates	The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses. The significant judgments, estimates and assumptions relevant to the Company relate to: •determining whether the in-process research and development expenditure (“IPR&D”) has an alternative future use; •determining assumptions used in estimating the fair value of share-based compensation; •estimating the recoverability of the deferred tax asset; and •estimating the amount of accruals in connection with the completion of clinical trial milestones. The Company bases its judgments and estimates on various factors and information, which may include, but are not limited to, the Company’s forecasts and future plans, current economic conditions and observable market-based transactions of its own shares, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities and recorded amounts of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. To the extent there are material differences between the Company’s estimates and the actual results, the Company’s future results of operation may be affected.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value.
Marketable securities and short-term investments	The Company invests in short-term marketable securities in the form of debt securities. At the time of purchase, the Company assesses whether such debt security should be classified as held-to-maturity or available-for-sale debt securities. Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Held-to-maturity debt securities are carried at amortized cost, adjusted for accretion of discounts or amortization of premiums to maturity computed under the effective interest method. Such accretion or amortization is included in “Interest and dividend income”. Marketable debt securities not classified as held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value. Net unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities are excluded from the determination of earnings and are instead recognized in the “Accumulated other comprehensive income” component of equity until realized. Realized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities are computed based upon the historical cost of these securities, using the specific identification method. A decline in the fair value of any security below cost that is deemed other than temporary results in a charge to earnings and the corresponding establishment of a new cost basis for the security. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses are included in "Other income" and the cost of securities sold is determined using the specific-identification method. Marketable debt securities are classified as either “Cash and cash equivalents” or “Short‑term marketable debt securities” according to their original maturity at the time of acquisition. Changes in unrealized gains and losses pertaining to cash equivalent securities are added back into the consolidated statements of cash flows as those are excluded from the determination of earnings but impact the cash and cash equivalents position.
Concentration of Credit Risk	Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash accounts in large financial institutions which, at times, may exceed the CHF 100,000 deposit protection limit in Switzerland, the $250,000 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation deposit insurance coverage limit in the United States, the GBP 85,000 Financial Services Compensation Scheme deposit protection limit in the United Kingdom, or the €100,000 Fundo de Garantia de Depósitos deposit protection limit in Portugal. The Company believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial strength of the depository institutions in which the cash and cash equivalents are held. Additionally, the Company ensures further protection against credit risk by diversifying its cash holdings across a variety of credit institutions, thereby minimizing the potential impact of any adverse events on a single institution. Further, the Company's investment strategy for cash (in excess of current business requirements) is set to invest in short-term marketable debt securities. Management actively monitors credit risk in the investment portfolio. Credit risk exposures are controlled in accordance with policies approved by the board of directors to identify, measure, monitor and control credit risks.
Fair Value Measurements	The Company follows the guidance included in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs to fair value measurements: •Level 1, meaning the use of quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; •Level 2, meaning the use of quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active or are directly or indirectly observable; and •Level 3, meaning the use of unobservable inputs. Observable market data is used when available. Transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 within the fair value hierarchy are recognized at the end of the reporting period when the respective transaction occurred.
Segment Information	The Company operates as a single operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, its Chief Executive Officer, manages the Company’s operations on a stand-alone basis for the purposes of allocating resources and assessing financial performance.
Property and Equipment	Property and equipment, net is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of three to five years. As of September 30, 2024, property and equipment, net relates to information technology, office equipment, and leasehold improvements.
Research and Development Contract Costs and Accruals	Research and development expenses include employee payroll, consulting, contract research and contract manufacturing costs attributable to research and development activities and are expensed as incurred. Upfront payments and milestone payments made for the licensing of technology are expensed as research and development expenses in the period in which it is probable that a liability has been incurred. Advance payments for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are recorded as prepaid expenses. The prepaid amounts are expensed as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed. The Company has entered into various research and development contracts with companies both inside and outside of the United States. These agreements are generally cancellable, and related payments are recorded as research and development expenses as incurred. The Company records accruals for estimated ongoing research costs. When evaluating the adequacy of the accrued liabilities, the Company analyzes progress of the studies or trials, including the phase or completion of events, invoices received and contracted costs. Significant judgments and estimates are made in determining the accrued balances at the end of any reporting period. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates. The Company’s historical accrual estimates have not been materially different from the actual costs.
Share-Based Compensation	Share-Based Compensation The Company recognizes compensation expense based on estimated fair values for all stock-based payment awards made to eligible employees, members of the board of directors and independent contractors that are expected to vest. The valuation of stock option awards is determined at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the Company to make assumptions and judgements about the inputs used in the calculations, such as the fair value of the common stock, expected term, expected volatility of the Company’s common stock, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yield. The valuation of restricted stock awards is measured by the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. For all stock options granted, the Company calculated the expected term as the period that share-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The estimate of expected volatility is based on comparative companies’ volatility within the Company's industry. The risk-free rate is based on the yield available on United States Treasury zero-coupon issues corresponding to the expected term of the award. The fair value of the common stock granted under the ESPP (as defined in Note 13 — Share-based compensation) has historically been estimated by management with reference to the market-based transaction with its Series A investors, as there was no public market for the common stock. Share-based payment arrangements are accounted for under the fair value method. Total compensation is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award at that date, and recorded in earnings over the period the employees are required to render service. The Company recognizes compensation cost only for those awards expected to meet the service conditions on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award.
Foreign Currency	The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Balances and transactions denominated in foreign currencies are converted as follows: monetary assets and liabilities are translated using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates and non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical exchange rates. Revenue and expenses are translated at the daily exchange rate on the respective accounting date. Gains or losses from foreign currency translation are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in "other income, net".
Income Taxes	The Company accounts for income taxes by using the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is recorded to the extent it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the Company's deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in operations in the period that includes the enactment date.
Net Loss per Class A Ordinary Shares	Basic net loss per Class A Ordinary Share is calculated using the two-class method under which earnings are allocated to both Class A Ordinary Shares and participating securities. Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to Class A Ordinary Shares by the weighted-average number of Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding for the period. The diluted net loss per Class A Ordinary Share is computed by dividing the net loss using the weighted-average number of Class A Ordinary Shares and, if dilutive, potential Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding during the period. In periods in which the Company reports a net loss attributable to shareholders of Class A Ordinary Shares, diluted net loss per share attributable to shareholders of Class A Ordinary Shares is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to shareholders of Class A Ordinary Shares, since dilutive Class A Ordinary Shares are not assumed to be outstanding if their effect is anti-dilutive.
Acquisitions	The Company evaluates acquisitions of assets and other similar transactions to assess whether or not the transaction should be accounted for as a business combination or asset acquisition by first assessing whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. On April 29, 2021, MoonLake AG entered into an in-licensing agreement (the “In-License Agreement”) with Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (“MHKDG”) to acquire the Sonelokimab program (the “SLK Program”) and determined that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired related to IPR&D of SLK. Therefore, this transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition. IPR&D represents incomplete technologies that the Company acquires, which at the time of acquisition, are still under development and have no alternative future use. The fair value of such technologies is expensed upon acquisition. A technology is considered to have an alternative future use if it is probable that the Company will use the asset in its current, incomplete state as it existed at the acquisition date, in another research and development project that has not yet commenced, and economic benefit is anticipated from that use. If a technology is determined to have an alternative future use, then the fair value of the program would be recorded as an asset on the balance sheet rather than expensed. Contingent consideration payments (for example milestone payments due upon the occurrence of a specific event) in asset acquisitions are recognized in the period in which it is probable that a liability has been incurred (unless the contingent consideration meets the definition of a derivative, in which case the amount becomes part of the cost in the asset acquired). Upon recognition of the contingent consideration payment, the amount is expensed if it relates to IPR&D or capitalized if it relates to a developed product which is generally considered to be when clinical trials have been completed and regulatory approval obtained. Future royalty payments due on net sales will be recognized in cost of goods sold when net sales are recognized.
Pension Accounting	The Company accounts for pension assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC 715, Compensation – Retirement Benefits, which requires the recognition of the funded status of pension plans in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The liability in respect to defined benefit pension plans is the projected benefit obligation calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The projected benefit obligation as of September 30, 2024 represents the actuarial present value of the estimated future payments required to settle the obligation that is attributable to employee services rendered before that date. Service costs for such pension plans, represented in the net periodic pension benefit cost, are included in the personnel expenses of the various functions where the employees are engaged. The other components of net benefit cost are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss separately from the service cost component, in “other income, net.” Plan assets are recorded at their fair value. Gains or losses arising from plan curtailments or settlements are accounted for at the time they occur. Any net pension asset is limited to the present value of the future economic benefits available to the Company in the form of refunds from the plan or expected reductions in future contributions to the plan. Actuarial gains and losses arising from differences between the actual and the expected return on plan assets are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income.
Leases	The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception. For these arrangements, it is evaluated if the arrangement involves an identified asset that is physically distinct or whether the Company has the right to substantially all of the capacity of an identified asset that is not physically distinct. In arrangements that involve an identified asset, there is also judgment in evaluating if the Company has the right to direct the use of that asset. MoonLake does not have any finance leases. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has five operating leases related to the office spaces located in (i) Dorfstrasse 29, 6300, Zug, Switzerland (comprised of two leases), (ii) 95 Regent Street, CB2 1AW, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom, and (iii) Rua Manuel Pinto de Azedevo 860, 4150-335, Porto, Portugal (comprised of two leases). The operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term commencing on the date the Company has the right to use the leased property. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are measured at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term, determined using the discount rate for the lease at the commencement date. Because the rate implicit in the leases is not readily determinable, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate, which approximates the interest rate at which the Company could borrow on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments and in similar economic environments. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less that do not have the option to purchase the underlying asset are not recorded on the balance sheet, with lease expense for these leases recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term commencing on the date the Company has the right to use the leased property.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements not yet Adopted	In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment reporting — Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This new standard requires public entities to disclose significant segment expenses and additional segment items annually and to provide all reported segment profit or loss and assets disclosures currently required annually on an interim basis. The standard also requires disclosure of the Chief Operating Decision Maker's title and position. The standard does not change the manner in which public entities identify their operating segments, aggregate them, or apply the quantitative thresholds for determining their reportable segments. It is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company has determined it operates as a single segment, therefore, we do not anticipate this ASU to materially impact our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income taxes — Improvements to Income Taxes Disclosure. The purpose of this guidance is to enhance the transparency and usefulness of income tax disclosures and provide comprehensive income tax information, particularly in relation to rate reconciliation and income taxes paid in the U.S and foreign jurisdictions. It is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. This ASU will result in the required additional disclosures being included in our consolidated financial statements, once adopted.

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of debt securities by level within the fair value hierarchy


	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Level 2		Total			Level 2		Total
Eurocommercial Papers	$	89,072,100	$	89,072,100		$	109,608,915	$	109,608,915
Certificates of Deposit	88,991,100		88,991,100			79,626,727		79,626,727
Total	$	178,063,200	$	178,063,200		$	189,235,642	$	189,235,642

Investments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of investments in short-term marketable debt securities

The fair value and amortized cost of investments in short-term marketable debt securities by major security type as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value
Eurocommercial Papers	$	87,231,307	$	1,840,793	$	—	$	89,072,100
Certificates of Deposit	87,602,179		1,388,921		—		88,991,100
Total	$	174,833,486	$	3,229,714	$	—	$	178,063,200


Of which classified within cash and cash equivalents	59,212,123	582,677	—	59,794,800
Of which classified within short-term marketable debt securities	115,621,363	2,647,037	—	118,268,400

Schedule of fair value changes of marketable securities


Beginning balance, January 1, 2024	$	2,720,854
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	13,000,645
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	(12,491,785)

Ending balance, September 30, 2024	$	3,229,714

Prepaid Expenses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of prepaid expenses


Prepaid expenses - current	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Non-clinical research and clinical development services	$	7,381,811	$	842,729
Supply and manufacturing services	6,358,892		1,205
Insurance	1,496,521		1,077,478
Other prepayments	747,201		180,791

Total	$	15,984,425	$	2,102,203

Prepaid expenses - non-current	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Supply and manufacturing services	$	2,064,575	$	8,423,468
Total	$	2,064,575	$	8,423,468

Trade and Other Payables (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Trade and other payables, current


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Research and development services and license fees	$	7,113,098	$	911,454
Supply and manufacturing fees payable	3,044,237		553,459
Consulting and advisory services	307,581		80,695
Legal advisory fees payable	104,317		47,095


Other payables	141,370		244,981
Total	$	10,710,603	$	1,837,684

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Research and development services and license fees	$	3,253,581	$	1,226,281
Bonuses and related employees compensation expenses	2,922,982		2,780,219
Supply and manufacturing services	894,894		1,603,739
Tax liabilities	484,482		367,976
Consultant and other fees	351,774		853,905
Legal fees	17,811		98,000
Total	$	7,925,524	$	6,930,120

Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Lease, Cost

The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate for the operating leases as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Weighted average remaining lease term (in months)	32		39
Weighted average discount rate	4.7	%	4.9	%

The Company recorded the following lease and variable lease expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Operating lease expense	$	358,583	$	39,562	$	1,061,029	$	117,832
Variable lease expense1	5,398		—		5,398		—
Total lease expense	$	363,981	$	39,562	$	1,066,427	$	117,832

Schedule of Future Lease Payments

The maturities of the Company's operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


Year ending December 31,	Amount
Remainder of fiscal 2024	$	386,519
2025	1,571,589
2026	1,242,550
2027	140,313
2028	140,313
Thereafter	95,627
Total lease payments	3,576,911
Less imputed interest	(196,309)
Total lease liability	3,380,602
Less current portion of lease liability	(1,444,893)
Long-term portion operating lease liability	$	1,935,709

Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Components of net periodic benefit cost under the plan

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost under the Plan


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Service cost	$	71,107	$	31,175	$	210,387	$	91,596
Interest cost	8,387		7,784		24,814		22,872
Expected return on plan assets	(15,338)		(9,280)		(45,380)		(27,265)

Amortization of unrecognized loss	2,609		—		7,717		—
Prior service credit recognized in current year	(2,582)		—		(7,639)		—
Total net periodic benefit cost	$	64,183	$	29,679	$	189,899	$	87,203

Shareholders’ Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of stock authorized and issued


	Class A Ordinary Shares(1)		Class C Ordinary Shares(1)		Total Number of Ordinary Shares
		Authorized	Issued	Authorized	Issued	Authorized	Issued and Outstanding

Balance at January 1, 2024		500,000,000	60,466,453	100,000,000	2,505,476	600,000,000	62,971,929
Conversion of Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares		—	1,493,356	—	(1,493,356)	—	—
Issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares under the ATM facility		—	914,828	—	—	—	914,828
Cancellation of Class C shares following an employee contract termination in MoonLake AG		—	—	—	(16,853)	—	(16,853)
Balance at March 31, 2024		500,000,000	62,874,637	100,000,000	995,267	600,000,000	63,869,904
Balance at June 30, 2024		500,000,000	62,874,637	100,000,000	995,267	600,000,000	63,869,904
Conversion of Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares		—	153,998	—	(153,998)	—	—
Options exercised under the Equity Incentive Plan		—	17,390	—	—	—	17,390
Balance at September 30, 2024		500,000,000	63,046,025	100,000,000	841,269	600,000,000	63,887,294

(1) Fully paid-in registered shares with a par value of $0.0001

Net Loss per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of earnings per share, basic and diluted

The following table sets forth the loss per share calculations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Numerator
Net loss attributable to controlling interests shareholders	$	(35,390,337)	$	(9,426,049)	$	(73,331,005)	$	(28,570,184)

Denominator
Total weighted average number of outstanding shares	62,896,782		53,517,655		62,803,220		45,485,650

Net loss per share – basic and diluted	$	(0.56)	$	(0.18)	$	(1.17)	$	(0.63)

Share-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of share-based compensation expense driven by share-based compensation plans and programs

The share-based compensation expense was driven by the aforementioned two main active share-based compensation plans and programs:


Compensation Plan	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
MoonLake AG Restricted Founder Shares	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,574,299
ESPP	741,154		762,309		2,191,557		2,590,576


ESOP	—		255,171		—		614,469


Equity Incentive Plan	1,101,455		408,171		3,156,505		721,155
Total share-based compensation expense	$	1,842,609	$	1,425,651	$	5,348,062	$	5,500,499
Of which: included in research and development expense	508,697		262,717		1,446,049		1,150,815
Of which: included in general and administrative expense	1,333,912		1,162,934		3,902,013		4,349,684

Summary of nonvested restricted stock shares activity


Grants awarded
Restricted Founder Shares			Number of Shares
Awards unvested as of January 1, 2023			1,110,078
Awards vested for the nine months ended September 30, 2023			(1,110,078)
Awards unvested as of September 30, 2023			—

Schedule of nonvested share activity


Grants awarded
ESPP			Number of Shares



Awards issued as of January 1 and September 30, 2023			2,237,915


Awards vested as of September 30, 2023			1,525,582

Awards issued as of January 1, 2024			2,237,915

Awards forfeited for the nine months ended September 30, 20242			(16,853)
Awards issued as of September 30, 2024			2,221,062
Awards vested as of September 30, 2024			1,827,826

Summary of weighted average assumptions for awards issued


Weighted average assumptions for the awards issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2024
Estimated fair value of the option on the grant date using Black-Scholes model ($)			31.31
Exercise price ($)			45.63
Expected term of the award on the grant date (years) (1)			6
Expected volatility of the share price (2)			75%
Risk-free interest rate (3)			4.3%
Expected dividend rate			—%
(1) The expected term represents the period that share-based awards are expected to be outstanding. (2) The expected volatility was derived from the historical stock volatilities of comparable peer public companies within the Company’s industry. (3) The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the measurement date with maturities approximately equal to the expected term.

Schedule of option activity for share-based payment arrangement


Grants awarded
ESOP			Number of Options
Awards outstanding as of January 1, 2023			466,770
Awards granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2023			133,444
Awards outstanding as of September 30, 2023			600,214
Awards exercisable as of September 30, 2023			186,593

Awards outstanding as of January 1, 2024			585,078

Awards converted from ESOP to Equity Incentive Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2024			(486,685)
Awards outstanding as of September 30, 2024			98,393
Awards exercisable as of September 30, 2024			98,393


Grants awarded
Equity Incentive Plan			Number of Options
Awards outstanding as of January 1, 2023			180,000
Awards granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2023			56,485
Awards outstanding as of September 30, 2023			236,485
Awards exercisable as of September 30, 2023			60,000

Awards outstanding as of January 1, 2024			312,400
Awards granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2024			241,820
Awards exercised for the nine months ended September 30, 2024			(17,390)
Awards converted from ESOP to Equity Incentive Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2024			486,685
Awards forfeited for the nine months ended September 30, 2024			(49,715)
Awards outstanding as of September 30, 2024			973,800
Awards exercisable as of September 30, 2024			368,910

Segment Information and Geographic Data (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Areas

Long-lived assets, consisting of property and equipment, net, and operating lease right-of-use assets by geographical area as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


Country	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Switzerland	$	680,946	$	507,392
United Kingdom	2,012,806		2,704,555
Portugal	1,138,823		737,398
Total	$	3,832,575	$	3,949,345

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) lease_contract	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) segment lease_contract lease	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 375,656,291		$ 375,656,291		$ 451,169,337
Foreign currency transaction gain (loss), realized	$ (26,746)	$ (557,144)	$ (125,581)	$ (276,491)
Number of operating leases \| lease			5
Number of lease contracts \| lease_contract	2		2
Number of operating segments \| segment			1
Commercial Paper and Certificates of Deposit
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 59,800,000		$ 59,800,000		$ 129,400,000
Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	3 years		3 years
Maximum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	5 years		5 years

Risks and Liquidity (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
Risks and Liquidity (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (36,114,424)	$ (24,758,754)	$ (13,975,521)	$ (11,619,353)	$ (12,353,387)	$ (12,218,987)	$ (74,848,699)	$ (36,191,727)
Excess of current assets less current liabilities	492,200,000						492,200,000
Unrestricted cash	$ 375,700,000						$ 375,700,000

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings [Line Items]
Short-term marketable debt securities	$ 118,268,400	$ 59,838,900
Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings [Line Items]
Total	178,063,200	189,235,642
Eurocommercial Papers \| Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings [Line Items]
Short-term marketable debt securities	89,072,100	109,608,915
Certificates of Deposit \| Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings [Line Items]
Short-term marketable debt securities	88,991,100	79,626,727
Level 2 \| Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings [Line Items]
Total	178,063,200	189,235,642
Level 2 \| Eurocommercial Papers \| Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings [Line Items]
Short-term marketable debt securities	89,072,100	109,608,915
Level 2 \| Certificates of Deposit \| Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings [Line Items]
Short-term marketable debt securities	$ 88,991,100	$ 79,626,727

Investments - Schedule of Fair Value and Amortized Cost of Investments in Short-Term Marketable Debt (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	$ 174,833,486
Gross unrealized gains	3,229,714
Gross unrealized losses	0
Fair value	178,063,200
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	59,212,123
Gross unrealized gains	582,677
Gross unrealized losses	0
Fair value	59,794,800
Debt Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	115,621,363
Gross unrealized gains	2,647,037
Gross unrealized losses	0
Fair value	118,268,400
Eurocommercial Papers
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	87,231,307
Gross unrealized gains	1,840,793
Gross unrealized losses	0
Fair value	89,072,100
Certificates of Deposit
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized cost	87,602,179
Gross unrealized gains	1,388,921
Gross unrealized losses	0
Fair value	$ 88,991,100

Investments - Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Short-Term Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss) [Roll Forward]
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	$ 325,510	$ (3,437,291)	$ (508,860)	$ (3,046,538)
Level 2
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss) [Roll Forward]
Gross unrealized gain (loss), beginning balance			2,720,854
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications			13,000,645
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income			(12,491,785)
Gross unrealized gain (loss), ending balance	$ 3,229,714		$ 3,229,714

Prepaid Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Prepaid expenses - current
Non-clinical research and clinical development services	$ 7,381,811	$ 842,729
Supply and manufacturing services	6,358,892	1,205
Insurance	1,496,521	1,077,478
Other prepayments	747,201	180,791
Total	15,984,425	2,102,203
Prepaid expenses - non-current
Supply and manufacturing services	2,064,575	8,423,468
Total	$ 2,064,575	$ 8,423,468

Trade and Other Payables (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Research and development services and license fees	$ 7,113,098	$ 911,454
Supply and manufacturing fees payable	3,044,237	553,459
Consulting and advisory services	307,581	80,695
Legal advisory fees payable	104,317	47,095
Other payables	141,370	244,981
Total	$ 10,710,603	$ 1,837,684

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Research and development services and license fees	$ 3,253,581	$ 1,226,281
Bonuses and related employees compensation expenses	2,922,982	2,780,219
Supply and manufacturing services	894,894	1,603,739
Tax liabilities	484,482	367,976
Consultant and other fees	351,774	853,905
Legal fees	17,811	98,000
Total	$ 7,925,524	$ 6,930,120

Leases - Additional Information (Details)					1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
Leases - Additional Information (Details)	Aug. 14, 2024 ft² period	Dec. 12, 2023 ft²	Oct. 13, 2023 ft²	Oct. 09, 2023 ft² period	Aug. 31, 2021 ft²	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, number of renewal options \| period	2			2
Operating lease, payments \| $						$ 1,101,661	$ 78,270
Switzerland Office
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Square foot of leased space (in square feet)					2,300
Lessee, operating lease, term of contract		3 years			3 years			3 years
Operating lease, additional area of leased space		1,700
Porto Office
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Square foot of leased space (in square feet)	2,000			3,900
Lessee, operating lease, renewal term	3 years			3 years
Porto Office \| Building
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, term of contract	2 years			3 years
Cambridge Office
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Square foot of leased space (in square feet)			6,000
Cambridge Office \| Building
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, term of contract			3 years

Leases - Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining lease term (in months)	32 months	39 months
Weighted average discount rate	4.70%	4.90%

Leases - Future Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Remainder of fiscal 2024	$ 386,519
2025	1,571,589
2026	1,242,550
2027	140,313
2028	140,313
Thereafter	95,627
Total lease payments	3,576,911
Less imputed interest	(196,309)
Total lease liability	3,380,602
Less current portion of lease liability	(1,444,893)	$ (1,197,876)
Long-term portion of operating lease liabilities	$ 1,935,709	$ 2,499,990

Leases - Total Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Leases - Total Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 358,583	$ 39,562	$ 1,061,029	$ 117,832
Variable lease expense	5,398	0	5,398	0
Total lease expense	$ 363,981	$ 39,562	$ 1,066,427	$ 117,832

Employee Benefit Plans (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Employee Benefit Plans (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Service cost	$ 71,107	$ 31,175	$ 210,387	$ 91,596
Interest cost	8,387	7,784	24,814	22,872
Expected return on plan assets	(15,338)	(9,280)	(45,380)	(27,265)
Amortization of unrecognized loss	2,609	0	7,717	0
Prior service credit recognized in current year	(2,582)	0	(7,639)	0
Total net periodic benefit cost	$ 64,183	$ 29,679	$ 189,899	$ 87,203

Employee Benefit Plans - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Employee Benefit Plans - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024 CHF (SFr)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 CHF (SFr)
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Contributions made to plan			$ 192,563	SFr 169,455
Forecast
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Contributions made to plan	$ 256,751	SFr 225,940
Defined contribution plan, increase (decrease), cost	$ 64,188	SFr 56,485

Shareholders’ Equity - Schedule of Stock Authorized and Issued (Details) - $ / shares	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended					9 Months Ended
	Sep. 25, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Common Shares
Stock options exercised (in shares)		17,390
Issuance of shares under the ATM facility (in shares)			914,828
Cancellation of Class C shares following an employee contract termination in MoonLake AG (in shares)			16,853
Total Number of Ordinary Shares
Authorized, beginning balance (in shares)		600,000,000	600,000,000				600,000,000
Shares issued, beginning balance (in shares)		63,869,904	62,971,929				62,971,929
Number of shares issued (in shares)			914,828
Cancellation of Class C shares following an employee contract termination in MoonLake AG (in shares)			16,853
Authorized, ending balance (in shares)		600,000,000	600,000,000				600,000,000
Shares issued, ending balance (in shares)		63,887,294	63,869,904				63,887,294
Common Class A
Common Shares
Authorized, beginning balance (in shares)			500,000,000				500,000,000
Issued, beginning balance (in shares)			60,466,453				60,466,453
Authorized, ending balance (in shares)		500,000,000					500,000,000
Issued, ending balance (in shares)		63,046,025					63,046,025
Total Number of Ordinary Shares
Common stock, par value (CHF/USD per share)		$ 0.0001					$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common Class C
Common Shares
Authorized, beginning balance (in shares)			100,000,000				100,000,000
Issued, beginning balance (in shares)			2,505,476				2,505,476
Authorized, ending balance (in shares)		100,000,000					100,000,000
Issued, ending balance (in shares)		841,269					841,269
Total Number of Ordinary Shares
Common stock, par value (CHF/USD per share)		$ 0.0001					$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common Stock \| Common Class A
Common Shares
Authorized, beginning balance (in shares)		500,000,000	500,000,000				500,000,000
Issued, beginning balance (in shares)		62,874,637	60,466,453				60,466,453
Conversion of Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares (in shares)	153,998	153,998	1,493,356	74,678	4,587,713	176,603
Stock options exercised (in shares)		17,390
Issuance of shares under the ATM facility (in shares)			914,828		9,744,894
Authorized, ending balance (in shares)		500,000,000	500,000,000				500,000,000
Issued, ending balance (in shares)		63,046,025	62,874,637				63,046,025
Total Number of Ordinary Shares
Number of shares issued (in shares)			914,828		9,744,894
Common stock, par value (CHF/USD per share)		$ 0.0001					$ 0.0001
Common Stock \| Common Class A \| Conversion Of Class C into Class A
Common Shares
Conversion of Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares (in shares)		153,998	1,493,356
Common Stock \| Common Class C
Common Shares
Authorized, beginning balance (in shares)		100,000,000	100,000,000				100,000,000
Issued, beginning balance (in shares)		995,267	2,505,476				2,505,476
Conversion of Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares (in shares)	153,998	(153,998)	(1,493,356)	(74,678)	(4,587,713)	(176,603)
Cancellation of Class C shares following an employee contract termination in MoonLake AG (in shares)			16,853
Authorized, ending balance (in shares)		100,000,000	100,000,000				100,000,000
Issued, ending balance (in shares)		841,269	995,267				841,269
Total Number of Ordinary Shares
Cancellation of Class C shares following an employee contract termination in MoonLake AG (in shares)			16,853
Common stock, par value (CHF/USD per share)		$ 0.0001					$ 0.0001
Common Stock \| Common Class C \| Conversion Of Class C into Class A
Common Shares
Conversion of Class C Ordinary Shares into Class A Ordinary Shares (in shares)		(153,998)	(1,493,356)

Shareholders’ Equity - Narrative (Details)						1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
Shareholders’ Equity - Narrative (Details)	Mar. 08, 2024 USD ($) shares	Jul. 10, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 09, 2023 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Jun. 27, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 25, 2024 shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) vote $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) shares	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 shares	Jun. 30, 2023 shares	Mar. 31, 2023 shares	Sep. 30, 2024 vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares	Aug. 31, 2023 USD ($)	May 11, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 shares	Apr. 28, 2021 shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, stamp duty tax \| $	$ 1,600,000	$ 2,800,000
Stock options exercised (in shares)							17,390
Common stock, conversion ratio (in shares)							33.638698						33.638698
May 2023 Sales Agreement \| ATM Shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, authorized amount (in shares) \| $																$ 200,000,000
Sale of stock, remaining authorized repurchase amount \| $					$ 0
May 2023 And August 2023 Sales Agreement \| ATM Shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, authorized amount (in shares) \| $															$ 350,000,000
Equity Incentive Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock options exercised (in shares)							17,390						17,390
MoonLake AG
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common shares, shares outstanding (in shares)																		110,000
MoonLake AG \| MoonLake Immunotherapeutics
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Net proceeds from the business combination \| $	800,000		$ 38,900,000
Proceeds from contributions from parent \| $	$ 150,000,000	$ 275,000,000
Underwriting Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock (in shares)					8,000,000
Issuance price per share (USD per share) \| $ / shares					$ 50.00
Net proceeds from the business combination \| $				$ 436,700,000
Payments of stock issuance costs \| $				$ 23,300,000
Underwriting Agreement \| MoonLake AG \| MoonLake Immunotherapeutics
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock (in shares)	501		22,756
Over-Allotment Option
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock (in shares)					1,200,000
Sale of stock, option to purchase, term					30 days
August 2023 Sales Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock (in shares)									914,828
Issuance price per share (USD per share) \| $ / shares									$ 58.31
Net proceeds from the business combination \| $							$ 0	$ 0	$ 52,500,000
Common Stock \| MoonLake AG
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Treasury stock, shares, acquired (in shares)	501
Common Class A
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common shares, shares issued (in shares)							63,046,025						63,046,025	60,466,453
Common shares, shares outstanding (in shares)							63,046,025						63,046,025	60,466,453
Common shares, shares authorized (in shares)							500,000,000						500,000,000	500,000,000
Common shares, par value (USD per share) \| $ / shares							$ 0.0001						$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common Class A \| Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common shares, shares issued (in shares)							63,046,025	62,874,637	62,874,637				63,046,025	60,466,453
Common shares, shares outstanding (in shares)				53,486,810			63,046,025	62,874,637	62,874,637	53,561,488	53,486,810	39,154,203	63,046,025	60,466,453			38,977,600
Common shares, shares authorized (in shares)							500,000,000	500,000,000	500,000,000				500,000,000	500,000,000
Common shares, par value (USD per share) \| $ / shares							$ 0.0001						$ 0.0001
Common shares, votes per share \| vote							1						1
Conversion and transfer of shares between classes (in shares)						153,998	153,998		1,493,356	74,678	4,587,713	176,603
Stock options exercised (in shares)							17,390
Common Class A \| Common Stock \| Conversion Of Class C into Class A
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Conversion and transfer of shares between classes (in shares)							153,998		1,493,356
Common Class C
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common shares, shares issued (in shares)							841,269						841,269	2,505,476
Common shares, shares outstanding (in shares)							841,269						841,269	2,505,476
Common shares, shares authorized (in shares)							100,000,000						100,000,000	100,000,000
Common shares, par value (USD per share) \| $ / shares							$ 0.0001						$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common Class C \| MoonLake AG
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common shares, shares outstanding (in shares)																		3,700,257
Common Class C \| Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common shares, shares issued (in shares)							841,269	995,267	995,267				841,269	2,505,476
Common shares, shares outstanding (in shares)				8,959,195			841,269	995,267	995,267	8,884,517	8,959,195	13,546,908	841,269	2,505,476			13,723,511
Common shares, shares authorized (in shares)							100,000,000	100,000,000	100,000,000				100,000,000	100,000,000
Common shares, par value (USD per share) \| $ / shares							$ 0.0001						$ 0.0001
Common shares, votes per share \| vote							1						1
Conversion and transfer of shares between classes (in shares)						153,998	(153,998)		(1,493,356)	(74,678)	(4,587,713)	(176,603)
Common Class C \| Common Stock \| Conversion Of Class C into Class A
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Conversion and transfer of shares between classes (in shares)							(153,998)		(1,493,356)
Common Class C \| Common Stock \| MoonLake AG
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Treasury stock, shares, acquired (in shares)	16,853
MoonLake AG \| Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Conversion and transfer of shares between classes (in shares)						4,578

Net Loss per Share - Calculation of Net Loss per Share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Numerator
Net loss attributable to controlling interests shareholders	$ (35,390,337)	$ (9,426,049)	$ (73,331,005)	$ (28,570,184)
Denominator
Total weighted average number of outstanding shares, basic (in shares)	62,896,782	53,517,655	62,803,220	45,485,650
Total weighted average number of outstanding shares, diluted (in shares)	62,896,782	53,517,655	62,803,220	45,485,650
Net loss per share - basic (in USD per share)	$ (0.56)	$ (0.18)	$ (1.17)	$ (0.63)
Net loss per share - diluted (in USD per share)	$ (0.56)	$ (0.18)	$ (1.17)	$ (0.63)

Net Loss per Share - Narrative (Details) - $ / shares		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Net Loss per Share - Narrative (Details) - $ / shares	Nov. 01, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Weighted-average number of shares, basic (in shares)		62,896,782	53,517,655	62,803,220	45,485,650
Weighted-average number of shares, diluted (in shares)		62,896,782	53,517,655	62,803,220	45,485,650
Net loss per share - basic (in USD per share)		$ (0.56)	$ (0.18)	$ (1.17)	$ (0.63)
Net loss per share - diluted (in USD per share)		$ (0.56)	$ (0.18)	$ (1.17)	$ (0.63)
Stock options exercised (in shares)		17,390
Pro forma
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Weighted-average number of shares, basic (in shares)		63,881,246		63,809,450
Weighted-average number of shares, diluted (in shares)		63,881,246		63,809,450
Net loss per share - basic (in USD per share)		$ (0.57)		$ (1.17)
Net loss per share - diluted (in USD per share)		$ (0.57)		$ (1.17)
Common Class A
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Weighted-average number of shares, basic (in shares)		62,896,782	53,517,655	62,803,220	45,485,650
Weighted-average number of shares, diluted (in shares)		62,896,782	53,517,655	62,803,220	45,485,650
Net loss per share - basic (in USD per share)		$ (0.56)	$ (0.18)	$ (1.17)	$ (0.63)
Net loss per share - diluted (in USD per share)		$ (0.56)	$ (0.18)	$ (1.17)	$ (0.63)
Number of shares outstanding (in shares)		63,046,025		63,046,025		60,466,453
Common Class A \| Pro forma \| Subsequent Event
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Number of shares outstanding (in shares)	63,905,198
Stock options exercised (in shares)	17,904

Share-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details)			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Share-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details)	Apr. 05, 2022	Apr. 28, 2021 SFr / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) plan co-founder shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) plan co-founder shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of share-based compensation plans \| plan			2		2
Share-based compensation expense \| $			$ 1,842,609	$ 1,425,651	$ 5,348,062	$ 5,500,499
Number of co-founders \| co-founder			3		3
Equity Incentive Plan
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense \| $			$ 1,101,455	408,171	$ 3,156,505	721,155
Common shares issuable (in shares)			973,800		973,800
Weighted average period of recognition					1 year 11 months 15 days
Expiration period	10 years
Unrecognized compensation expense \| $			$ 11,200,000		$ 11,200,000
Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP)
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common shares issuable (in shares)			98,393		98,393
MoonLake AG Restricted Founder Shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense \| $			$ 0	0	$ 0	1,574,299
ESPP
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense \| $			741,154	762,309	2,191,557	2,590,576
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense, non-option awards \| $			3,800,000		$ 3,800,000
Weighted average period of recognition					1 year 3 months 18 days
ESPP \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage					25.00%
ESPP \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage					25.00%
ESPP \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Three
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage					25.00%
ESPP \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Four
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage					25.00%
ESOP
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense \| $			$ 0	$ 255,171	$ 0	$ 614,469
ESOP \| Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage					25.00%
ESOP \| Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage					25.00%
ESOP \| Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Three
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage					25.00%
ESOP \| Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Four
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage					25.00%
Common Class C
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common shares, shares outstanding (in shares)			841,269		841,269		2,505,476
Common Class A
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, number of shares authorized (in shares)			4,353,948		4,353,948
Common shares issuable (in shares)			3,281,755		3,281,755
Common shares, shares outstanding (in shares)			63,046,025		63,046,025		60,466,453
MoonLake AG
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Reverse vesting percentage		90.00%
Common shares, shares outstanding (in shares)		110,000
MoonLake AG \| MoonLake AG Restricted Founder Shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common shares, shares outstanding (in shares)		99,000
Vesting percentage		4.166%
Vesting period		2 years
Nominal value (CHF per share) \| SFr / shares		SFr 0.10
MoonLake AG \| Common Class C
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common shares, shares outstanding (in shares)		3,700,257
MoonLake AG \| Common Class C \| MoonLake AG Restricted Founder Shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common shares, shares outstanding (in shares)		3,330,231

Share-Based Compensation - Share-based Compensation Expense By Plan (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 1,842,609	$ 1,425,651	$ 5,348,062	$ 5,500,499
Research and Development Expense
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	508,697	262,717	1,446,049	1,150,815
General and Administrative Expense
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	1,333,912	1,162,934	3,902,013	4,349,684
Equity Incentive Plan
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	1,101,455	408,171	3,156,505	721,155
MoonLake AG Restricted Founder Shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	0	0	0	1,574,299
ESPP
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	741,154	762,309	2,191,557	2,590,576
ESOP
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 0	$ 255,171	$ 0	$ 614,469

Share-Based Compensation - Summary of Restricted Stock Awarded and Granted (Details) - MoonLake AG Restricted Founder Shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Awards unvested, beginning balance (in shares)	1,110,078
Awards vested (in shares)	(1,110,078)
Awards unvested, ending balance (in shares)	0

Share-Based Compensation - Summary of ESPP Awarded and Granted (Details) - ESPP - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Awards unvested, beginning balance (in shares)	2,237,915	2,237,915
Awards forfeited (in shares)	(16,853)
Awards unvested, ending balance (in shares)	2,221,062	2,237,915
Awards vested (in shares)	1,827,826	1,525,582

Share-Based Compensation - Summary of ESOP Awarded and Granted (Details) - ESOP - Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Awards outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	585,078	466,770
Additional awards granted (in shares)		133,444
Awards converted from ESOP to EIP (in shares)	(486,685)
Awards outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	98,393	600,214
Of which exercisable (in shares)	98,393	186,593

Share-Based Compensation - Summary of Equity Incentive Plan Awarded and Granted (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Awards exercised (in shares)	(17,390)
Equity Incentive Plan
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Awards outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)		312,400	180,000
Additional awards granted (in shares)		241,820	56,485
Awards exercised (in shares)	(17,390)	(17,390)
Awards converted from ESOP to EIP (in shares)		486,685
Awards forfeited (in shares)		(49,715)
Awards outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	973,800	973,800	236,485
Of which exercisable (in shares)	368,910	368,910	60,000

Share-Based Compensation - Weighted Average Assumptions (Details) - Equity Incentive Plan	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 $ / shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Estimated fair value of the option on the grant date using Black-Scholes model (in dollars per share)	$ 31.31
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 45.63
Expected term of the award	6 years
Expected volatility of the share price	75.00%
Risk-free interest rate	4.30%
Expected dividend rate	0.00%

Income Taxes (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Income Taxes (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective income tax rate	0.30%	0.20%	0.30%	0.10%

Commitment and Contingencies (Details) - Sep. 30, 2024 € in Millions, $ in Millions	USD ($)	EUR (€)
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Total commitments not yet recognized	$ 145.1
Prepaid Expenses, Current
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Total commitments not yet recognized	8.0
Prepaid Expenses, Noncurrent
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Total commitments not yet recognized	2.1
License \| SLK Program
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Revenue remaining performance obligation additional variable consideration amount	335.2	€ 299.6
Variable consideration amount	$ 8.1	€ 7.5

Segment Information and Geographic Data - Schedule of Long-Lived Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	$ 3,832,575	$ 3,949,345
Switzerland
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	680,946	507,392
United Kingdom
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	2,012,806	2,704,555
Portugal
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	$ 1,138,823	$ 737,398

Segment Information and Geographic Data - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	1

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