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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 21, 2025.
Registration No. 333-  
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM F-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
IREN Limited
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
 
 
 
 
Australia
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
 
Not Applicable
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
 
 
 
 
Level 6, 55 Market Street
Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia
+61 2 7906 8301
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)
Cogency Global Inc.
122 E. 42nd Street, 18th Floor
New York, New York 10168
(800) 221-0102
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent For Service)
Copies to:
 
 
 
 
Byron B. Rooney
Marcel R. Fausten
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP
450 Lexington Avenue
New York, New York 10017
(212) 450-4000
 
 
Cesilia Kim, Chief Legal Officer
IREN Limited
Level 6, 55 Market Street
Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia
Tel: +61 2 7906 8301
 
 
 
 
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effectiveness of this registration statement.
If only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.  ☐
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.C. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☒
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.C. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 Emerging growth company. ☒
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards † provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐
†
The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

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EXPLANATORY NOTE
IREN Limited (the “Company”) is filing this registration statement, which contains two prospectuses:
•
a base prospectus that covers the offering, issuance and sale of an unspecified amount of the Company’s ordinary shares, debt securities, warrants, subscription rights, purchase contracts and units; and
•
a sales agreement prospectus supplement that covers the offering and sale of up to $1,000,000,000 of the Company’s ordinary shares that may be issued and sold under the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “sales agreement”) dated January 21, 2025, between the Company and B. Riley Securities, Inc., Canaccord Genuity LLC, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Compass Point Research & Trading, LLC, Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc. and Roth Capital Partners, LLC.
The base prospectus immediately follows this explanatory note. The specific terms of any securities to be offered pursuant to the base prospectus will be specified in a prospectus supplement to the base prospectus. The sales agreement prospectus supplement immediately follows the base prospectus.

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PROSPECTUS

 
IREN Limited
Ordinary Shares
Debt Securities
Warrants
Subscription Rights
Purchase Contracts
Units
We or any selling security holder may offer and sell from time to time, in one or more offerings, any combination of the following securities: ordinary shares, debt securities, warrants, subscription rights, purchase contracts and units (collectively, the “securities”). We or any selling security holder may offer and sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in different series, at times, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined at or prior to the time of each offering. This prospectus describes the general terms of these securities and the general manner in which these securities will be offered. We will provide the specific terms of these securities, the specific manner in which these securities will be offered and sold and, if applicable, information about any selling security holder in supplements to this prospectus. The prospectus supplements may also supplement, update or amend information contained in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement before you invest.
The securities covered by this prospectus may be offered through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers. The applicable prospectus supplement will set forth the names of the underwriters, dealers or agents, if any, any applicable commissions or discounts payable to them and the specific terms of the plan of distribution. For general information about the distribution of securities offered, see “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page 32 of this prospectus.
Our ordinary shares are listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “IREN”.
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 8 of this prospectus and, if applicable, any risk factors described in any applicable prospectus supplement and in our Securities and
Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filings that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Prospectus dated January 21, 2025

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Page
About This Prospectus
 
 
1
Glossary of Industry Terms and Concepts
 
 
3
Our Company
 
 
5
Risk Factors
 
 
8
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
 
 
9
Use of Proceeds
 
 
12
Dividend Policy
 
 
13
Description of Share Capital and Constitution
 
 
14
Description of Debt Securities
 
 
24
Description of Warrants
 
 
25
Description of Subscription Rights
 
 
26
Description of Purchase Contracts
 
 
27
Description of Units
 
 
28
Forms of Securities
 
 
29
Selling Security Holders
 
 
31
Plan of Distribution
 
 
32
Expenses of the Offering
 
 
34
Legal Matters
 
 
35
Experts
 
 
36
Service of Process and Enforceability of Civil Liabilities
 
 
37
Where You Can Find Additional Information
 
 
38
Information Incorporated By Reference
 
 
39
 
 
 
 
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is a part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we or any selling security holder may offer and sell, from time to time, in one or more offerings, any combination of the securities described in this prospectus. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities that may be offered by us and/or selling security holders. Each time we or any selling security holder offers or sells securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement accompanied by this prospectus. The prospectus supplement will contain specific information about the nature of the persons offering securities and the terms of the securities being offered at that time. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus.
Before buying any of the securities offered by this prospectus, you should carefully read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement with all of the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus, as well as the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Information Incorporated by Reference.” These documents contain important information that you should consider when making your investment decision. We have filed or incorporated by reference exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. You should read the exhibits carefully for provisions that may be important to you.
To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus, on the one hand, and the information contained in any prospectus supplement or in any document incorporated by reference in this prospectus, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus, provided that if any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date—for example, a prospectus supplement or a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus—the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.
The information contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any document incorporated by reference in this prospectus is accurate only as of their respective dates, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus or the sale of any securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed materially since those dates.
Neither we nor any selling security holders, underwriters, dealers or agents have authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different from that contained in this prospectus, any amendment or supplement to this prospectus, or any free writing prospectus we or a selling security holder may authorize to be delivered or made available to you. Neither we nor any selling security holders, underwriters, dealers or agents take responsibility for, or provide assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the securities described in this prospectus or an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy such securities in any circumstances in which such offer or solicitation is unlawful.
For investors outside the United States: Neither we nor any selling security holders, underwriters, dealers or agents have taken any action that would permit the offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the securities described herein and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this prospectus to “IREN,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us” or similar terms refer to IREN Limited and its subsidiaries.
Trademarks
We have unregistered trademarks and services marks, registered website domains, company and business names that we use in connection with the operation of our business. These include, among others, Iris Energy, IREN and www.iren.com. Other trademarks, service marks, and trade names referenced in this prospectus are, to our knowledge, the property of their respective owners.
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Presentation of Financial Information
All references to “U.S. dollars,” “dollars,” “$,” “USD” or “US$” are to the U.S. dollar. All references to “Australian dollars,” “AUD” or “A$” are to the Australian dollar, the official currency of Australia. All references to “Canadian dollars,” “CAD” or “C$” are to the Canadian dollar, the official currency of Canada. All references to “IFRS” are to International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or the IASB. References to a particular “fiscal year” are to IREN’s fiscal year ended June 30 of that year.
Any discrepancies in any table between totals and sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding. Certain monetary amounts, percentages and other figures included in this prospectus have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figures shown as totals in certain tables may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them, and figures expressed as percentages in the text may not total 100% or, as applicable, when aggregated may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the percentages that precede them.
Market and Industry Data
This prospectus includes market, economic and industry data, as well as certain statistics and information relating to our business, markets and other industry data, which we obtained or extrapolated from various third-party industry and research sources, as well as assumptions that we have made that are based on those data and other similar sources. Industry publications and other third-party surveys and forecasts generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of such information is not guaranteed. While we believe that such data is reliable, we have not independently verified such data and cannot guarantee the accuracy or completeness thereof. Additionally, we cannot assure you that any of the assumptions underlying these statements are accurate or correctly reflect our position in the industry, and not all of our internal estimates have been verified by any independent sources. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that a third-party using different methods to assemble, analyze, or compute market data would obtain the same results. There is no precise definition for what constitutes the Bitcoin mining market, the HPC solutions market, or AI Cloud Services market, or any other market or industry referenced in this prospectus. We do not intend, and do not assume any obligations, to update industry or market data set forth in this prospectus. Finally, behavior, preferences and trends in the marketplace tend to change. As a result, investors and prospective investors should be aware that data in this prospectus and estimates based on such data may not be reliable indicators of future results.
References to “market share” and “market leader” are based on global revenues in the referenced market, and unless otherwise specified herein, are based on certain of the materials referenced above.
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GLOSSARY OF INDUSTRY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
Throughout this prospectus, we use a number of industry terms and concepts which are defined as follows:
•
AI Cloud Services: platforms that provide access to AI/ML capabilities through cloud-based infrastructure.
•
AI/ML: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) is computer software that mimics human cognitive abilities in order to perform complex tasks, such as decision making, data analysis, language translation and a variety of tools and services across the emergent AI industry that have been developed to leverage AI capabilities. Machine Learning (“ML”) is a subset of AI in which algorithms are trained on data sets to become machine learning models capable of performing specific tasks.
•
ASICs: An Application Specific Integrated Circuit is a type of integrated circuit that is custom-designed for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use.
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Bitcoin: A system of global, decentralized, scarce, digital money as initially introduced in a white paper titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System by Satoshi Nakamoto.
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Bitcoin network: The collection of all nodes running the Bitcoin protocol. This includes miners that use computing power to maintain the ledger and add new blocks to the blockchain.
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block: A bundle of transactions analogous with digital pages in a ledger. Transactions are bundled into blocks, which are then added to the ledger. Miners are rewarded for “mining” a new block.
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blockchain: A software program containing a cryptographically secure digital ledger that maintains a record of all transactions that occur on the network, that enables peer-to-peer transmission of transaction information, and that follows a consensus protocol for confirming new blocks to be added to the blockchain.
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Board: The board of directors of IREN Limited.
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difficulty: In the context of Bitcoin mining, a measure of the relative complexity of the algorithmic solution required for a miner to mine a block and receive the Bitcoin reward. An increase in global hashrate will temporarily result in faster block times as the mining algorithm is solved quicker – and vice versa if the global hashrate decreases. The Bitcoin network protocol adjusts the network difficulty every 2,016 blocks (approximately every two weeks) to maintain a target block time of 10 minutes.
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digital asset: Bitcoin and alternative coins, or “altcoins,” launched after the success of Bitcoin. This category is designed to serve functions including as a medium of exchange, store of value, and/or to power applications.
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fiat currency: A government issued currency that is not backed by a physical commodity, such as gold or silver, but rather by the government that issued it.
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GPUs: Graphics processing units are a type of computing technology designed for parallel processing, which can be used in a wide range of applications, including graphics and video rendering, gaming, creative production and AI.
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hash: To compute a function that takes an input, and then outputs an alphanumeric string known as the “hash value”.
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hashrate: The speed at which a miner can produce computations (hashes) using the Bitcoin network’s algorithm, expressed in hashes per second. The hashrate of all miners on a particular network is referred to as the global hashrate.
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HPC: High-performance computing, which refers to the aggregation of computing power to achieve higher performance levels, often utilized to perform complex calculations in fields including science, engineering, finance, AI/ML, and business. It typically involves using supercomputers or clusters of computers, often employing parallel processing, to perform calculations simultaneously, thereby greatly reducing computation time.
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•
miner: Individuals or entities who operate a computer or group of computers that compete to mine blocks. Bitcoin miners who successfully mine blocks are rewarded with new Bitcoin as well as any transaction fees.
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mining: The process by which new Bitcoin blocks are created, and thus new transactions are added to the blockchain in the Bitcoin network.
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mining pools: Mining pools are platforms for miners to contribute their hashrate in exchange for digital assets, including Bitcoin, and in some cases regardless of whether the pool effectively mines any block. Miners tend to join pools to increase payout frequency, with pools generally offering daily payouts, and to externalize to the pool the risk of a block taking longer than statistically expected from the network difficulty. Mining pools offers these services in exchange for a fee.
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proof-of-stake: An alternative consensus protocol, in which a “validator” typically may use their own digital assets to validate transactions or blocks. Validators may “stake” their digital assets on whichever transactions they choose to validate. If a validator validates a block (group of transactions) correctly, it will receive a reward. Typically, if a validator verifies an incorrect transaction, it may lose the digital assets that it staked. Proof-of-stake generally requires a negligible amount of computing power compared to proof-of-work.
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proof-of-work: A protocol for establishing consensus across a system that ties mining capability to computational power. Hashing a block, which is in itself an easy computational process, now requires each miner to solve for a certain difficulty variable periodically adjusted by the Bitcoin network protocol. In effect, the process of hashing each block becomes a competition and, as a result, the overall process of hashing requires time and computational effort.
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protocol: The software that governs how a blockchain operates.
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REC: Renewable Energy Certificate.
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SEC: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
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OUR COMPANY
Our Company
Overview
We are a leading owner and operator of data centers powered by 100% renewable energy (whether from clean or renewable energy sources or through the purchase of RECs). Our data centers are purpose-built for power dense computing applications and currently support a combination of ASICs for Bitcoin mining and GPUs for AI workloads.
Our Bitcoin mining operations generate revenue by earning Bitcoin through a combination of block rewards and transaction fees from the operation of our specialized computers called ASICs (which we refer to as “Bitcoin miners”) and exchanging these Bitcoin for fiat currencies, such as U.S. dollars or Canadian dollars.
We have been mining Bitcoin since 2019. We typically liquidate all the Bitcoin we mine daily and therefore did not have any Bitcoin held on our balance sheet as of September 30, 2024. To date we have utilized Kraken, a U.S.-based digital asset trading platform, to liquidate the Bitcoin we mine. The mining pools that we utilize for the purposes of our Bitcoin mining transfer the Bitcoin that we have mined to Kraken on a daily basis. Such Bitcoin is then exchanged for fiat currency on the Kraken exchange or via its over-the-counter trading desk. We have a backup U.S.-based digital asset trading platform, Coinbase, although, other than for testing purposes, we have not utilized Coinbase as of September 30, 2024.
We are also pursuing a strategy to expand and diversify our revenue streams. Pursuant to that strategy, we are increasing our focus on diversifying into HPC solutions, including the provision of AI Cloud Services.
Company and Corporate Information
We were originally incorporated under the laws of New South Wales, Australia, on November 6, 2018 as “Iris Energy Pty Ltd” an Australian proprietary company (ACN 629 842 799). On October 7, 2021, we converted into a public company named “Iris Energy Limited” under Australian law and on November 19, 2021, we closed our initial public offering in the United States. As of February 15, 2024, we commenced doing business as “IREN” and on November 27, 2024 we changed the name of the Company to “IREN Limited”. Our principal place of business is Level 6, 55 Market Street, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, and our telephone number is +61 2 7906 8301. We maintain a website at https://iren.com. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into or otherwise part of this prospectus.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company and a Foreign Private Issuer
Emerging Growth Company
As a company with less than $1.235 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”). For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we are eligible to utilize the following provisions of the JOBS Act that contain exceptions from disclosure and other requirements that otherwise are applicable to companies that conduct initial public offerings and file periodic reports with the SEC. These provisions include, but are not limited to:
•
not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of SOX, the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting, which would otherwise be applicable beginning with the second annual report following the effectiveness of this registration statement;
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reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements, including in this prospectus; and
•
exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the first to occur of (i) June 30, 2027, (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion or (iii) the last day of the fiscal in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer,” as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
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(the “Exchange Act”), which means the market value of our ordinary shares that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of the second financial quarter of such financial year; or, if it occurs before any of the foregoing dates, the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt over a three-year period.
We have elected to utilize certain of the reduced disclosure obligations in this prospectus and may elect to utilize other reduced reporting requirements in our future filings with the SEC. As a result, the information that we provide to our shareholders may be different than what you might receive from other public reporting companies in which you hold equity interests.
Under Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. Given that we currently report and expect to continue to report under the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”), we will not be able to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we will adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required by the IASB.
We expect that we will no longer be an emerging growth company commencing in our next fiscal year. As a result, we expect that we will no longer be eligible to utilize these exemptions, which could result in significant additional cost and expense.
Foreign Private Issuer
We qualify as a “foreign private issuer” under U.S. securities laws. Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, as long as we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we will be exempt from compliance with certain laws and regulations of the SEC, including:
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the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;
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the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and
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the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q containing unaudited financial and other specific information, or current reports on Form 8-K, upon the occurrence of specified significant events.
As a foreign private issuer, we are also permitted to follow home country corporate governance practices instead of certain corporate governance practices required by the Nasdaq for U.S. domestic issuers. While we intend to follow most Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards, we intend to follow Australian law for certain corporate governance practices in lieu of Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards as follows:
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exemption from the requirement to have a nominating and corporate governance committee composed solely of independent members of the board of directors;
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exemption from quorum requirements applicable to meetings of shareholders under Nasdaq rules. In accordance with generally accepted business practice and Australian law, our Constitution provides quorum requirements that are generally applicable to meetings of shareholders under Australian law;
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exemption from the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards applicable to domestic issuers requiring disclosure within four business days of any determination to grant a waiver of the code of business conduct and ethics to directors and officers. Although we will require board approval of any such waiver, we may choose not to disclose the waiver in the manner set forth in the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards, as permitted by the foreign private issuer exemption; and
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exemption from the requirement to obtain shareholder approval for certain issuances of securities, including shareholder approval of share option plans.
Because we are a foreign private issuer, our officers, directors and principal shareholders are not subject to short-swing profit and insider trading reporting obligations under Section 16 of the Exchange Act. They will, however, be subject to the obligations to report changes in share ownership under Section 13 of the Exchange Act and related SEC rules.
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We may utilize these exemptions until such time as we are no longer a foreign private issuer. We would cease to be a foreign private issuer at such time as more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly held of record by U.S. holders and any one of the following is true: (i) the majority of our executive officers or directors are U.S. citizens or residents; (ii) more than 50% of our assets are located in the United States; or (iii) our business is administered principally in the United States.
Both foreign private issuers and emerging growth companies are also exempt from certain more stringent executive compensation disclosure rules. Thus, even if we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company but remain a foreign private issuer, we will continue to be exempt from the more stringent compensation disclosures required of companies that are not emerging growth companies and will continue to be permitted to follow our home country practice on such matters.
In this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, we have taken advantage of certain of the reduced reporting requirements as a result of being a foreign private issuer. Accordingly, the information contained in this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus may be different than the information you receive from other public companies in which you hold securities.
The determination of foreign private issuer status is made annually on the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. Accordingly, our last determination date was December 31, 2024, and we expect that we will have ceased to meet the requirements necessary to maintain our foreign private issuer status as of such date. Even if we meet the necessary requirements, we intend to begin reporting as a U.S. domestic issuer beginning in our next fiscal year. As a result, we expect that we will file periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms with the SEC commencing with our next fiscal year, and we will also prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP rather than IFRS and modify certain of our policies to comply with corporate governance practices required of U.S. domestic issuer. Compliance with these requirements could result in significant additional cost and expense.
For additional information, see “Item 3.D. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Related to Being a Foreign Private Issuer—As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from a number of rules under the U.S. securities laws and are permitted to file less information with the SEC than a U.S. company,” “Item 3.D. Key Information—Risk factors—We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional cost and expense” and “Item 3.D. Key Information—Risk Factors—General Risk Factors—We are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act and will avail ourselves of reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F, incorporated herein by reference.
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RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities involves risk. Before making a decision to invest in our securities, you should carefully consider the risks described under “Risk Factors” in the applicable prospectus supplement and in our then-most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F, and any updates to those risk factors in our reports on Form 6-K incorporated by reference in this prospectus, together with all of the other information appearing or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, in light of your particular investment objectives and financial circumstances. Although we discuss key risks in our discussion of risk factors, new risks may emerge in the future, which may prove to be significant. We cannot predict future risks or estimate the extent to which they may affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include information concerning possible or assumed future results of operations, including descriptions of our business plan and strategies and trends we expect to affect our business. These statements often include words such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “suggests,” “plan,” “believe,” “intend,” “estimates,” “targets,” “projects,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “may,” “will,” “forecast,” and other similar expressions.
We base these forward-looking statements or projections on our current expectations, plans and assumptions that we have made in light of our experience in the industry, as well as our perceptions of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe are appropriate under the circumstances and at such time. As you read and consider this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus, you should understand that these statements are not guarantees of future performance or results. The forward-looking statements and projections are subject to and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions and you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements or projections. Although we believe that these forward-looking statements and projections are based on reasonable assumptions at the time they are made, you should be aware that many factors could affect our actual financial results or results of operations, and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements and projections. Factors that may materially affect such forward-looking statements and projections include, but are not limited to:
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Bitcoin price and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations;
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our ability to obtain additional capital on commercially reasonable terms and in a timely manner to meet our capital needs and facilitate our expansion plans;
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the terms of any future financing or any refinancing, restructuring or modification to the terms of any future financing, which could require us to comply with onerous covenants or restrictions, and our ability to service our debt obligations, any of which could restrict our business operations and adversely impact our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations;
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our ability to successfully execute on our growth strategies and operating plans, including our ability to continue to develop our existing data center sites and to diversify and expand into the market for HPC solutions we may offer (including the market for AI Cloud Services);
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our limited experience with respect to new markets we have entered or may seek to enter, including the market for HPC solutions (including AI Cloud Services);
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expectations with respect to the ongoing profitability, viability, operability, security, popularity and public perceptions of the Bitcoin network;
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expectations with respect to the profitability, viability, operability, security, popularity and public perceptions of any current and future HPC solutions (including AI Cloud Services) we offer;
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our ability to secure and retain customers on commercially reasonable terms or at all, particularly as it relates to our strategy to expand into markets for HPC solutions (including AI Cloud Services);
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our ability to manage counterparty risk (including credit risk) associated with any current or future customers, including customers of our HPC solutions (including AI Cloud Services), and other counterparties;
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the risk that any current or future customers, including customers of our HPC solutions (including AI Cloud Services), or other counterparties may terminate, default on or underperform their contractual obligations;
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Bitcoin global hashrate fluctuations;
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our ability to secure renewable energy, renewable energy certificates, power capacity, facilities and sites on commercially reasonable terms or at all;
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•
delays associated with, or failure to obtain or complete, permitting approvals, grid connections and other development activities customary for greenfield or brownfield infrastructure projects;
•
our reliance on power and utilities providers, third party mining pools, exchanges, banks, insurance providers and our ability to maintain relationships with such parties;
•
expectations regarding availability and pricing of electricity;
•
our participation and ability to successfully participate in demand response products and services and other load management programs run, operated or offered by electricity network operators, regulators or electricity market operators;
•
the availability, reliability and/or cost of electricity supply, hardware and electrical and data center infrastructure, including with respect to any electricity outages and any laws and regulations that may restrict the electricity supply available to us;
•
any variance between the actual operating performance of our miner hardware achieved compared to the nameplate performance including hashrate;
•
our ability to curtail our electricity consumption and/or monetize electricity depending on market conditions, including changes in Bitcoin mining economics and prevailing electricity prices;
•
actions undertaken by electricity network and market operators, regulators, governments or communities in the regions in which we operate;
•
the availability, suitability, reliability and cost of internet connections at our facilities;
•
our ability to secure additional hardware, including hardware for Bitcoin mining and any current or future HPC solutions (including AI Cloud Services) we offer, on commercially reasonable terms or at all, and any delays or reductions in the supply of such hardware or increases in the cost of procuring such hardware;
•
expectations with respect to the useful life and obsolescence of hardware (including hardware for Bitcoin mining as well as hardware for other applications, including any current or future HPC solutions (including AI Cloud Services) we offer);
•
delays, increases in costs or reductions in the supply of equipment used in our operations;
•
our ability to operate in an evolving regulatory environment;
•
our ability to successfully operate and maintain our property and infrastructure;
•
reliability and performance of our infrastructure compared to expectations;
•
malicious attacks on our property, infrastructure or IT systems;
•
our ability to maintain in good standing the operating and other permits and licenses required for our operations and business;
•
our ability to obtain, maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights and confidential information;
•
any intellectual property infringement and product liability claims;
•
whether the secular trends we expect to drive growth in our business materialize to the degree we expect them to, or at all;
•
any pending or future acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures or other strategic transactions;
•
the occurrence of any environmental, health and safety incidents at our sites, and any material costs relating to environmental, health and safety requirements or liabilities;
•
damage to our property and infrastructure and the risk that any insurance we maintain may not fully cover all potential exposures;
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•
ongoing proceedings relating to the default by two of the Company’s wholly-owned special purpose vehicles under limited recourse equipment financing facilities; ongoing securities litigation relating in part to the default; and any future litigation, claims and/or regulatory investigations, and the costs, expenses, use of resources, diversion of management time and efforts, liability and damages that may result therefrom;
•
our failure to comply with any laws including the anti-corruption laws of the United States and various international jurisdictions;
•
any failure of our compliance and risk management methods;
•
any laws, regulations and ethical standards that may relate to our business, including those that relate to Bitcoin and the Bitcoin mining industry and those that relate to any other services we offer, including laws and regulations related to data privacy, cybersecurity and the storage, use or processing of information and consumer laws;
•
our ability to attract, motivate and retain senior management and qualified employees;
•
increased risks to our global operations including, but not limited to, political instability, acts of terrorism, theft and vandalism, cyberattacks and other cybersecurity incidents and unexpected regulatory and economic sanctions changes, among other things;
•
climate change, severe weather conditions and natural and man-made disasters that may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations;
•
public health crises, including an outbreak of an infectious disease (such as COVID-19) and any governmental or industry measures taken in response;
•
our ability to remain competitive in dynamic and rapidly evolving industries;
•
damage to our brand and reputation;
•
expectations relating to Environmental, Social or Governance issues or reporting;
•
the costs of being a public company;
•
the increased regulatory and compliance costs of us ceasing to be a foreign private issuer and an emerging growth company; and
•
other risk factors disclosed under “Item 3.D.—Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F, incorporated herein by reference.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the ‎date on which they were made. Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and ‎uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond our control, you ‎should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Moreover, we operate in an ‎evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for ‎management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to ‎publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of any new information, future ‎events, changed circumstances or otherwise. You should read this prospectus, the documents incorporated by ‎reference in this prospectus and the documents that we have filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which ‎this prospectus is a part completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially ‎different from what we expect.‎
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USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, the principal purpose of an offering would be to increase our capitalization and financial flexibility and the net proceeds from our sale of the securities will be used for general corporate purposes and other business opportunities. Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, we will not receive any proceeds from an offering of securities by a selling security holder.
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DIVIDEND POLICY
Since our incorporation, we have not declared or paid any dividends on our issued share capital. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of the Board and subject to Australian law. If the Board elects to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon our future operations and earning, capital requirements and surplus, general financial conditions, contractual restrictions and other factors that the Board may deem relevant. B Class shares do not confer on their holders any right to receive dividends. For additional information, see “Risk Factors—We do not currently pay any cash dividends on our ordinary shares, and may not in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, your ability to achieve a return on your investment in our ordinary shares will depend on appreciation, if any, in the price of our ordinary shares” in our Report on Form 6-K filed on November 26, 2024, incorporated herein by reference.
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DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL AND CONSTITUTION
The following descriptions are summaries of the material terms of our company constitution (“Constitution”). Reference is made to the more detailed provisions of the Constitution. Please note that this summary is not intended to be exhaustive. For further information please refer to the full version of our amended and restated Constitution which is included as an exhibit to this registration statement.
General
IREN Limited was incorporated under the laws of New South Wales, Australia on November 6, 2018, and is an Australian public company (ACN 629 842 799). Our registered address is located at c/o Pitcher Partners, Level 13, 664 Collins Street, Docklands, Victoria, Australia 3008.
We do not have a limit on our authorized share capital and do not recognize the concept of par value under Australian law.
Subject to restrictions on the issue of securities in our Constitution and the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) (“Corporations Act”) and any other applicable law, we may at any time issue shares and grant options or warrants on any terms, with the rights and restrictions and for the consideration that the Board determines.
The rights and restrictions attaching to ordinary shares and B Class shares are derived through a combination of our Constitution, the common law applicable to Australia, the Corporations Act and other applicable law. A general summary of some of the rights and restrictions attaching to ordinary shares and B Class shares are summarized below. Each ordinary shareholder is entitled to receive notice of and to be present, to vote and to speak at general meetings.
Ordinary Shares
Our ordinary shares and B Class shares will have the rights and restrictions described in “Key Provisions in our Constitution.”
Key Provisions in Our Constitution
Our Constitution is similar in nature to the bylaws of a U.S. corporation. It does not provide for or prescribe any specific objectives or purposes for the Company. Our Constitution is subject to the terms of the Corporations Act. It may be amended or repealed and replaced by special resolution of shareholders, which is a resolution passed by at least 75% of the votes cast by shareholders (in person or by proxy) entitled to vote on the resolution.
Under Australian law, a company has the legal capacity and powers of an individual both within and outside Australia. The material provisions of our Constitution are summarized below. This summary is not intended to be complete nor to constitute a definitive statement of the rights and liabilities of our shareholders, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of our Constitution, a copy of which is an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
Interested Directors
A director or that director’s alternate who has a material personal interest in a matter that is being considered at a directors’ meeting must not be present while the matter is being considered at the meeting or vote in respect of that matter according to our Constitution unless permitted to do so by the Corporations Act, in which case such director may (i) be counted in determining whether or not a quorum is present at any meeting of directors considering that contract or arrangement or proposed contract or arrangement; (ii) sign or countersign any document relating to that contract or arrangement or proposed contract or arrangement; and (iii) vote in respect of, or in respect of any matter arising out of, the contract or arrangement or proposed contract or arrangement.
Unless a relevant exception applies, the Corporations Act requires our directors to provide disclosure of any material personal interest, and prohibits directors from voting on matters in which they have a material personal interest and from being present at the meeting while the matter is being considered, unless directors who do not have a material personal interest in the relevant matter have passed a resolution that identifies the director, the
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nature and extent of the director’s interest in the matter and its relation to our affairs and states that those directors are satisfied that the interest should not disqualify the director from voting or being present. In addition, the Corporations Act may require shareholder approval of any provision of related party benefits to our directors, unless a relevant exception applies.
Borrowing Powers Exercisable by Directors
Pursuant to our Constitution, the management and control of our business affairs are vested in our Board. Our Board has the power to raise or borrow money or obtain other financial accommodation for the purposes of the Company, and may grant security for the repayment of that sum or sums or the payment, performance or fulfilment of any debts, liabilities, contracts or obligations incurred or undertaken by the Company in any manner and upon any terms and conditions as our Board deems appropriate.
Appointment of Directors
Under the Constitution, the minimum number of directors that may comprise the Board is 3 and the maximum is fixed by the directors but may not be more than 10 (unless otherwise determined by the Board). Directors are elected at annual general meetings of the Company. The directors may also appoint a director to fill a casual vacancy on the Board if the number of directors is below the minimum fixed number of 3, or in addition to the existing directors, who will then hold office until the next annual general meeting of the Company.
Rights and Restrictions on Classes of Shares
The rights attaching to our ordinary shares are detailed in our Constitution. Our Constitution provides that, subject to the Corporations Act and our Constitution, our directors may issue shares with preferential, deferred or special rights, privileges or conditions or with any restrictions, whether in relation to dividends, voting, return of share capital, or otherwise as our Board may determine. Subject to the Corporations Act and our Constitution (see “Anti-Takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Our Constitution”), we may issue further shares on such terms and conditions as our Board of directors resolve.
We may only issue preference shares if the rights attaching to the preference shares relating to repayment of capital, participation in surplus assets and profits, cumulative and non-cumulative dividends, voting and priority of payment of capital and dividends in respect of other shares (including ordinary shares) are set out in our Constitution or otherwise approved by special resolution passed at a general meeting.
Dividend Rights
Under the Corporations Act, a company must not pay a dividend unless (i) the company’s assets exceed its liabilities immediately before the dividend is declared and the excess is sufficient for the payment of the dividend; (ii) the payment of the dividend is fair and reasonable to the company’s shareholders as a whole; and (iii) the payment of the dividend does not materially prejudice the company’s ability to pay its creditors. Subject to this requirement, our Board may from time to time determine to pay and declare dividends to shareholders in accordance with the respective rights and restrictions attached to any share or class of share. Each B Class share does not confer on its holder any right to receive dividends.
All dividends unclaimed for one year after the time for payment has passed may be invested or otherwise made use of by our Board for our benefit until claimed or until dealt with under any law relating to unclaimed moneys.
Voting Rights
Voting rights at a general meeting of the Company’s shareholders will be determined by poll (rather than a show of hands).
On a poll, holders of ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each ordinary share held and a fraction of a vote for each partly paid share held by the shareholder and in respect.
The holders of B Class shares are entitled to vote at general meetings of shareholders. Each B Class shareholder is entitled on a poll, to 15 votes for each ordinary share held by the holder of a B Class share.
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In the case of joint holders of a share, the vote of the joint holder whose name appears first on the register of shareholders in respect of the joint holding shall be accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders.
In accordance with the Corporations Act and the provisions of our Constitution, the circumstances in which holders of a class of shares, including holders of ordinary shares, will be entitled to vote separately as a single class are limited to:
•
voting for a variation of class rights that only affect a single share class;
•
voting for a compromise or arrangement proposed that would affect a certain class of holder, e.g. a plan of arrangement to transfer a class of share to a bidder; and
•
voting in response to a takeover bid for a specific class of shares.
Right to Share in Our Profits
Pursuant to our Constitution, our shareholders are entitled to participate in our profits only by payment of dividends in accordance with the respective rights and restrictions attached to any share or class of share. Our Board may from time to time determine to pay dividends to the shareholders. However, any such dividend may only be payable in accordance with the requirements set out in the Corporations Act described above.
Rights to Share in the Surplus in the Event of Winding Up
If the Company is wound up, then subject to any rights or restrictions attached to a class of shares, the liquidator may, with the sanction of a special resolution of the Company, distribute the whole or any part of the assets and may for that purpose: (i) decide how the assets are to be distributed as between the members or different classes of members; (ii) value the assets to be distributed in such manner as the liquidator thinks fit; and (iii) vest the whole or any part of any assets in such trustees and on such trusts for the benefit of the members entitled to the distribution of those assets as the liquidator thinks fit.
B Class shares shall not confer on their holders any right to participate pro rata in any distribution of profits and assets of, and any proceeds received by, the company in excess of the total amount of capital paid-up by the holders upon issue of such B Class share.
Redemption Provision for Shares
There are no redemption provisions in our Constitution in relation to ordinary shares. Under our Constitution, shares may be issued and allotted, which are liable to be redeemed.
B Class shares will be redeemed by the Company for A$1.00 per B Class share in accordance with the Constitution upon the earlier to occur of the following circumstances:
•
that holder (or its affiliate or founder in respect of such holder) ceases to be a director due to voluntary retirement;
•
the transfer of any B Class share by that holder (or an affiliate) to another person in breach of the Constitution (which is unremedied within 20 business days);
•
the liquidation or winding up of the Company; or
•
the date which is 12 years after the date upon which the company becomes first listed on a recognized stock exchange.
The redemption of B Class shares, whether voluntary or upon a transfer of B Class shares, may have the effect, over time, of increasing the relative voting power of those holders of B Class shares who retain their B Class shares. Under the Corporations Act, redeemable preference shares may only be redeemed if those preference shares are fully paid-up and payment in satisfaction of redemption is out of profits or the proceeds of a new issue of shares made for the purposes of the redemption.
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Variation or Cancellation of Share Rights
Subject to the Corporations Act and the terms of issue of a class of shares, the rights attaching to any class of shares may be varied or cancelled with the approval of the Board and: (a) the consent in writing of the holders of three-quarters of the issued shares included in that class; or (b) by a special resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of those shares.
General Meetings of Shareholders
General meetings of shareholders may be called by our Board. Except as permitted under the Corporations Act, shareholders may not convene a meeting. The Corporations Act requires the directors to call and arrange to hold a general meeting on the request of shareholders with at least 5% of the votes that may be cast at a general meeting. Notice of the proposed meeting of our shareholders is required at least 21 days prior to such meeting under the Corporations Act.
Foreign Ownership Regulations
Our Constitution does not impose specific limitations on the rights of non-residents to own securities. However, acquisitions and proposed acquisitions of securities in Australian companies may be subject to review and approval by the Australian Federal Treasurer under the Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 (Cth) (“FATA”), which generally applies to acquisitions or proposed acquisitions:
•
by a foreign person (as defined in the FATA) or associated foreign persons that would result in such persons having an interest in 20% or more of the issued shares of, or control of 20% or more of the voting power in, an Australian company; or
•
by a foreign government investor (as defined in the FATA) that would result in such a person having any direct interest (as defined in the FATA) in an Australian company.
In general terms, for proposals for investment in non-sensitive sectors, no such review or approval under the FATA is required if the foreign acquirer is a U.S. entity and the value of the Australian target is less than A$1,426 million. A lower general A$339 million threshold applies to most other foreign investors. These monetary thresholds apply as at the date of this registration statement but may be amended from time to time (including through indexation).
The Australian Federal Treasurer may prevent a proposed acquisition in the above categories or impose conditions on such acquisition if the Australian Federal Treasurer is satisfied that the acquisition would be contrary to the national interest. If a foreign person acquires shares or an interest in shares in an Australian company in contravention of the FATA, the Australian Federal Treasurer has the power to make a range of orders including an order of the divestiture of such person’s shares or interest in shares in that Australian company.
Share transfers
Subject to the Constitution, shares may be transferred by a proper transfer effected in accordance with the Nasdaq listing rules, by a written instrument of transfer which complies with the Constitution or by any other method permitted by the Corporations Act. The Board may refuse to register a transfer of shares where permitted or required to do so under the Corporations Act or Nasdaq listing rules. B Class shares are not transferable by the holder (other than to an affiliate of that holder).
Issues of Shares and Change in Capital
Subject to our Constitution, the Corporations Act and any other applicable law, we may at any time issue shares and give any person a call or option over any shares on any terms, with preferential, deferred or other special rights, privileges or conditions or with restrictions and for the consideration and other terms that the directors determine. We may only issue preference shares if the rights attaching to the preference shares relating to repayment of capital, participation in surplus assets and profits, cumulative and non-cumulative dividends, voting and priority of payment of capital and dividends in respect of other shares (including ordinary shares) are set out in our Constitution or otherwise approved by special resolution passed at a general meeting of shareholders.
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Subject to the requirements of our Constitution, the Corporations Act and any other applicable law, including relevant shareholder approvals, we may consolidate or divide our share capital into a larger or smaller number by resolution, reduce our share capital in any manner (provided that the reduction is fair and reasonable to our shareholders as a whole, does not materially prejudice our ability to pay creditors and obtains the necessary shareholder approval) or buy back our ordinary shares whether under an equal access buy-back or on a selective basis.
Proportional takeover bids
Our Constitution contains provisions for shareholder approval to be required in relation to any proportional takeover bid. These provisions were renewed by special resolution of the shareholders in the most recent general meeting.
Amendment
The Constitution can only be amended by special resolution passed by at least three-quarters of the votes cast by shareholders present (in person or by proxy) and entitled to vote on the resolution at a general meeting of the Company. The Company must give at least 21 days’ written notice of a general meeting of the Company.
Anti-Takeover Effects
Takeovers of Australian public companies that have more than 50 shareholders are regulated by, amongst other things, the Corporations Act which prohibits the acquisition of a relevant interest in issued voting shares in a public company if the acquisition will lead to that person’s or someone else’s voting power in the company increasing from 20% or below to more than 20% or increasing from a starting point that is above 20% and below 90%, which we refer to as the Takeover Prohibition, subject to a range of exceptions. Generally, and without limitation, a person will have a “relevant interest” in securities if they:
•
are the holder of the securities (other than if the person holds those securities as a bare trustee);
•
have power to exercise, or control the exercise of, a right to vote attached to the securities; or
•
have the power to dispose of, or control the exercise of a power to dispose of, the securities (including any indirect or direct power or control).
If at a particular time a person has a relevant interest in issued securities and the person (whether before or after acquiring the relevant interest):
•
has entered or enters into an agreement with another person with respect to the securities;
•
has given or gives another person an enforceable right, or has been or is given an enforceable right by another person, in relation to the securities (whether the right is enforceable presently or in the future and whether or not on the fulfillment of a condition); or
•
has granted or grants an option to, or has been or is granted an option by, another person with respect to the securities and the other person would have a relevant interest in the securities if the agreement were performed, the right enforced or the option exercised,
the other person is also taken to have acquired a relevant interest in the securities that are the subject of an abovementioned act, at the time that such act occurs.
There are a number of exceptions to the Takeover Prohibition. In general terms, some of the more significant exceptions include:
•
when the acquisition results from the acceptance of an offer under a formal takeover bid;
•
when the acquisition is conducted on market by or on behalf of the bidder under a takeover bid and the acquisition occurs during the bid period;
•
when the dis-interested shareholders of the target company approve the takeover by resolution passed at general meeting;
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•
an acquisition by a person if, throughout the six months before the acquisition, that person, or any other person, has had voting power in the company of at least 19% and as a result of the acquisition, none of the relevant persons would have voting power in the company more than 3% higher than they had six months before the acquisition;
•
as a result of a rights issue;
•
as a result of dividend reinvestment schemes or bonus share plan;
•
through operation of law;
•
an acquisition which arises through the acquisition of a relevant interest in another listed company which is listed on a prescribed financial market;
•
arising from an auction of forfeited shares conducted on-market; or
•
arising through a compromise, arrangement, liquidation or buy-back.
Certain breaches of the takeovers provisions of the Corporations Act may give rise to criminal offences. The Australian Securities and Investments Commission and the Australian Takeover Panel have a wide range of powers relating to breaches of takeover provisions including the ability to make orders canceling contracts, freezing transfers of, and rights attached to, securities, and forcing a party to dispose of securities. There are certain defenses to breaches of the takeovers provisions provided in the Corporations Act.
Differences in Corporate Law
Set forth below is a comparison of certain shareholder rights and corporate governance matters under Delaware law and Australian law:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate
law issue
 
 
Delaware law
 
 
Australian law
Special Meetings of Shareholders
 
 
Shareholders generally do not have the right to call meetings of shareholders unless that right is granted in the certificate of incorporation or by-laws.
 
However, if a corporation fails to hold its annual meeting within a period of 30 days after the date designated for the annual meeting, or if no date has been designated for a period of 13 months after its last annual meeting, the Delaware Court of Chancery may order a meeting to be held upon the application of a shareholder.
 
 
The Corporations Act requires the directors to call a general meeting on the request of shareholders with at least 5% of the vote that may be cast at the general meeting. Shareholders with at least 5% of the votes that may be cast at the general meeting may also call and arrange to hold a general meeting. The shareholders calling the meeting must pay the expenses of calling and holding the meeting.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interested Director Transactions
 
 
Interested director transactions are permissible and may not be legally voided if:
• 
either a majority of disinterested directors, or a majority in interest of holders of shares of the corporation’s capital shares entitled to vote upon the matter, approves the transaction upon disclosure of all material facts; or
• 
the transaction is determined to have been fair as to the corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified by the board of directors, a committee thereof or the shareholders.
 
 
A director or that director’s alternate who has a material personal interest in a matter that is being considered at a directors’ meeting must not be present while the matter is being considered at the meeting or vote in respect of that matter unless permitted to do so by the Corporations Act, in which case such director may:
 
• 
be counted in determining whether or not a quorum is present at any meeting of directors considering that contract or arrangement or proposed contract or arrangement;
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Corporate
law issue
 
 
Delaware law
 
 
Australian law
 
 
 
 
 
 
• 
sign or countersign any document relating to that contract or arrangement or proposed contract or arrangement; and
 
• 
vote in respect of, or in respect of any matter arising out of, the contract or arrangement or proposed contract or arrangement.
 
Unless a relevant exception applies, the
Corporations Act requires our directors to provide disclosure of any material personal interest, and prohibits directors from voting on matters in which they have a material personal interest and from being present at the meeting while the matter is being considered, unless directors who do not have a material personal interest in the relevant matter have passed a resolution that identifies the director, the nature and extent of the director’s interest in the matter and its relation to our affairs and states that those directors are satisfied that the interest should not disqualify the director from voting or being present. In addition, the Corporations Act may require shareholder approval of any provision of related party benefits to our directors, unless a relevant exception applies.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cumulative Voting
 
 
The certificate of incorporation of a Delaware corporation may provide that shareholders of any class or classes or of any series may vote cumulatively either at all elections or at elections under specified circumstances.
 
 
No cumulative voting concept for director elections. Voting rights can vary by share class, depending on the terms attaching to the shares under the constitution of the company. Ordinary shares carry one vote (by poll) per share and B Class shares carry 15 votes (by poll) per ordinary share held by the holder.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Approval of Corporate Matters by Written Consent
 
 
Unless otherwise specified in a corporation’s certificate of incorporation, shareholders may take action permitted to be taken at an annual or special meeting, without a meeting, notice, or a vote, if consents, in writing, setting forth the action, are signed by shareholders with not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize the action at a meeting. All consents must be dated and are only effective if the requisite signatures are collected within 60 days of the earliest dated consent delivered.
 
 
Australian public companies cannot pass resolutions by circulating written resolutions.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business Combinations
 
 
With certain exceptions, a merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all the assets of a Delaware corporation must be
 
 
No requirement for shareholder approval under Australian law, unless the transaction involves a transfer or issue or new shares or other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Corporate
law issue
 
 
Delaware law
 
 
Australian law
 
 
 
approved by the board of directors and a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon.
 
 
securities to existing shareholders (for example, a business combination through a scrip-for-scrip merger) or a related party (generally, a director or its associates).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Limitations on Director’s Liability and Indemnification of Directors and Officers
 
 
A Delaware corporation may include in its certificate of incorporation provisions limiting the personal liability of its directors to the corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for many types of breach of fiduciary duty. However, these provisions may not limit liability for any breach of the duty of loyalty, acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, the authorization of unlawful dividends, stock purchases, or redemptions, or any transaction from which a director derived an improper personal benefit. Moreover, these provisions would not be likely to bar claims arising under U.S. federal securities laws.
 
A Delaware corporation may indemnify a director or officer of the corporation against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in defense of an action, suit, or proceeding by reason of his or her position if (i) the director or officer acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and (ii) with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, the director or officer had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.
 
 
Australian law provides that a company or a related body corporate of the company may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent of any of the following liabilities incurred as an officer or director of the company:
 
• 
a liability owed to the company or a related body corporate of the company;
 
• 
a liability for a pecuniary penalty order made under section 1317G or a compensation order under section 961M, 1317H, 1317HA or 1317HB of the Corporations Act; a liability that is owed to someone other than the company or a related body corporate of the company and did not arise out of conduct in good faith; or
 
• 
legal costs incurred in defending an action for a liability incurred as an officer or director of the company if the costs are incurred:
 
• 
in defending or resisting proceedings in which the officer or director is found to have a liability for which they cannot be indemnified as set out above;
 
• 
in defending or resisting criminal proceedings in which the officer or director is found guilty; or
 
○ 
in defending or resisting proceedings brought by the Australian Securities & Investments Commission or a liquidator for a court order if the grounds for making the order are found by the court to have been established (except costs incurred in responding to actions taken by the Australian Securities & Investments Commission or a liquidator as part of an investigation before commencing proceedings for a court order); or
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Corporate
law issue
 
 
Delaware law
 
 
Australian law
 
 
 
 
 
 
○ 
in connection with proceedings for relief to the officer or a director under the Corporations Act, in which the court denies the relief.
Appraisal Rights
 
 
A shareholder of a Delaware corporation participating in certain major corporate transactions may, under certain circumstances, be entitled to appraisal rights under which the shareholder may receive cash in the amount of the fair value of the shares held by that shareholder (as determined by a court) in lieu of the consideration the shareholder would otherwise receive in the transaction.
 
 
No equivalent concept under Australian law, subject to general minority oppression rights under which shareholders can apply to the Courts for an order in respect of Company actions that are unfairly prejudicial to a shareholder.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shareholder Suits
 
 
Class actions and derivative actions generally are available to the shareholders of a Delaware corporation for, among other things, breach of fiduciary duty, corporate waste, and actions not taken in accordance with applicable law. In such actions, the court has discretion to permit the winning party to recover attorneys’ fees incurred in connection with such action.
 
 
Shareholders have a number of statutory protections and rights available to them, regardless of the quantity of shares they hold. These include:
 
• 
the ability to call a meeting of the company and propose resolutions; and
 
• 
the right to apply to the court for orders in cases where majority shareholders, or the directors, act in an oppressive or unfairly prejudicial manner towards a single shareholder does not have a minimum shareholding requirement, and can result in a broad range of orders, including:
 
○ 
the winding up of the company;
 
○ 
modification of the company’s constitution; and
 
○ 
any other order the court determines to be appropriate.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Inspection of Books and Records
 
 
All shareholders of a Delaware corporation have the right, upon written demand, to inspect or obtain copies of the corporation’s shares ledger and its other books and records for any purpose reasonably related to such person’s interest as a shareholder.
 
 
Any shareholder of the Company has the right to inspect or obtain copies of our share register on the payment of a prescribed fee.
 
Books containing the minutes of general meetings will be kept at our registered office and will be open to inspection of shareholders at all times when the office is required to be open to the public. Other corporate records, including minutes of directors’ meetings, financial records and other documents, are not open for inspection by shareholders (who are not directors). Where a shareholder is acting in good faith and an inspection is deemed to be
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Corporate
law issue
 
 
Delaware law
 
 
Australian law
 
 
 
 
 
 
made for a proper purpose, a shareholder may apply to the court to make an order for inspection of our books.
 
All public companies are required to prepare annual financial reports and directors’ reports for each financial year, and to file these reports with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amendments to Charter
 
 
Amendments to the certificate of incorporation of a Delaware corporation require the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon or such greater vote as is provided for in the certificate of incorporation. A provision in the certificate of incorporation requiring the vote of a greater number or proportion of the directors or of the holders of any class of shares than is required by Delaware corporate law may not be amended, altered or repealed except by such greater vote.
 
 
Amending or replacing the company’s constitution, requires a special resolution (75%) of the shareholders.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our ordinary shares is Computershare Trust Company, N.A. The transfer agent and registrar’s address is 150 Royal Street, Canton, MA 02021.
Listing
Our ordinary shares are listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “IREN”.
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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
We may issue debt securities, which may be secured or unsecured and may be exchangeable for and/or convertible into other securities, including our ordinary shares. The debt securities will be issued under one or more separate indentures between us and a designated trustee. The terms of each series of debt securities being offered, including the terms, if any, on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for other securities, and the material terms of the indenture will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The applicable prospectus supplement will set forth, to the extent required and as applicable, the following terms (non-exhaustive) of the debt securities in respect of which the prospectus supplement is delivered:
•
the title of the series;
•
the aggregate principal amount;
•
the issue price or prices, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities;
•
any limit on the aggregate principal amount;
•
the date or dates on which principal is payable;
•
the interest rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates;
•
the date or dates on which interest, if any, will be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable;
•
the place or places where principal and, if applicable, premium and interest, is payable;
•
the terms and conditions upon which we may, or the holders may require us to, redeem or repurchase the debt securities;
•
the denominations in which such debt securities may be issuable, if other than denomination of $1,000 or any integral multiple of that number;
•
whether the debt securities are to be issuable in the form of certificated debt securities or global debt securities;
•
the portion of principal amount that will be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity date if other than the principal amount of the debt securities;
•
the currency of denomination;
•
the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of principal and, if applicable, premium and interest, will be made;
•
if payments of principal and, if applicable, premium or interest, on the debt securities are to be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than the currency of denominations, the manner in which exchange rate with respect to such payments will be determined;
•
if amounts of principal and, if applicable, premium and interest may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies, or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index, or financial index, then the manner in which such amounts will be determined;
•
the provisions, if any, relating to any collateral provided for such debt securities;
•
any events of default;
•
the terms and conditions, if any, for conversion into or exchange for ordinary shares;
•
any depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents, or other agents; and
•
the terms and conditions, if any, upon which the debt securities shall be subordinated in right of payment to other indebtedness of our company.
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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
We may issue warrants to purchase our debt or equity securities. The warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities and may be attached to, or separate from, such securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a warrant agent. The terms of any warrants being offered and a description of the material provisions of the applicable warrant agreement will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The applicable prospectus supplement will set forth, to the extent required and as applicable, the following terms (non-exhaustive) of the warrants in respect of which the prospectus supplement is delivered:
•
the title of such warrants;
•
the aggregate number of such warrants;
•
the price or prices at which such warrants will be issued;
•
the currency or currencies in which the price of such warrants will be payable;
•
the securities or other rights, including rights to receive payment in cash or securities based on the value, rate or price of one or more specified commodities, currencies, securities or indices, or any combination of the foregoing, purchasable upon exercise of such warrants;
•
the price at which and the currency or currencies in which the securities or other rights purchasable upon exercise of such warrants may be purchased;
•
the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall commence and the date on which such right shall expire;
•
if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of such warrants which may be exercised at any one time;
•
if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which such warrants are issued and the number of such warrants issued with each such security;
•
if applicable, the date on and after which such warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable;
•
information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;
•
if applicable, a discussion of any material United States federal income tax considerations; and
•
any other terms of such warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such warrants.
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DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS
We may issue subscription rights to purchase our securities. The subscription rights may be issued independently or together with any other securities, may be attached to, or separate from, such securities and may or may not be transferable by the shareholder receiving the subscription rights. In connection with any offering of subscription rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other purchasers pursuant to which the underwriters or other purchasers may be required to purchase any unsubscribed securities after such offering. The terms of any subscription rights being offered will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The applicable prospectus supplement will set forth, to the extent required and as applicable, the following terms (non-exhaustive) of the subscription rights in respect of which the prospectus supplement is delivered:
•
the exercise price;
•
the aggregate number of rights to be issued;
•
the type and number of securities purchasable upon exercise of each right;
•
the procedures and limitations relating to the exercise of the rights;
•
the date upon which the exercise of rights will commence;
•
the record date, if any, to determine who is entitled to the rights;
•
the expiration date;
•
the extent to which the rights are transferable;
•
information regarding the trading of rights, including the stock exchanges, if any, on which the rights will be listed;
•
the extent to which the subscription rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities;
•
if appropriate, a discussion of material U.S. federal income tax considerations and material Australian tax considerations;
•
if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement entered into by us in connection with the offering of the rights; and
•
any other material terms of the rights.
If fewer than all of the subscription rights issued in any rights offering are exercised, we may offer any unsubscribed securities directly to persons other than shareholders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, including pursuant to standby arrangements, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
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DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS
We may issue purchase contracts for the purchase or sale of debt or equity securities issued by us or securities of third parties, a basket of such securities, an index or indices of such securities or any combination of the above as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Each purchase contract will entitle the holder thereof to purchase or sell, and obligate us to sell or purchase, on specified dates, such securities, currencies or commodities at a specified purchase price, which may be based on a formula, all as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. A purchase by us or any of our subsidiaries of ordinary shares pursuant to any such purchase contract shall be subject to certain restrictions under Australian law that generally apply to a repurchase of shares. We may, however, satisfy our obligations, if any, with respect to any purchase contract by delivering the cash value of such purchase contract or the cash value of the property otherwise deliverable or, in the case of purchase contracts on underlying currencies, by delivering the underlying currencies, as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement will also specify the methods by which the holders may purchase or sell such securities, currencies or commodities and any acceleration, cancellation or termination provisions or other provisions relating to the settlement of a purchase contract.
The purchase contracts may require us to make periodic payments to the holders thereof or vice versa, which payments may be deferred to the extent set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, and those payments may be unsecured or prefunded on some basis. The purchase contracts may require the holders thereof to secure their obligations in a specified manner to be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Alternatively, purchase contracts may require holders to satisfy their obligations thereunder when the purchase contracts are issued. Our obligation to settle such pre-paid purchase contracts on the relevant settlement date may constitute indebtedness. Accordingly, pre-paid purchase contracts will be issued under an indenture.
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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS
As specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may issue units consisting of one or more purchase contracts, warrants, debt securities, preferred shares, ordinary shares or any combination of such securities. The applicable supplement will describe:
•
the terms of the units and of the warrants, debt securities, preferred shares and/or ordinary shares comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances the securities comprising the units may be traded separately;
•
a description of the terms of any unit agreement governing the units; and
•
a description of the provisions for the payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units.
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FORMS OF SECURITIES
Each debt security, warrant and unit will be represented either by a certificate issued in definitive form to a particular investor or by one or more global securities representing the entire issuance of securities. Certificated securities will be issued in definitive form and global securities will be issued in registered form. Definitive securities name you or your nominee as the owner of the security, and in order to transfer or exchange these securities or to receive payments other than interest or other interim payments, you or your nominee must physically deliver the securities to the trustee, registrar, paying agent or other agent, as applicable. Global securities name a depositary or its nominee as the owner of the debt securities, warrants or units represented by these global securities. The depositary maintains a computerized system that will reflect each investor’s beneficial ownership of the securities through an account maintained by the investor with its broker/dealer, bank, trust company or other representative, as we explain more fully below.
Registered Global Securities
We may issue registered debt securities, warrants and units in the form of one or more fully registered global securities that will be deposited with a depositary or its nominee identified in the applicable prospectus supplement and registered in the name of that depositary or nominee. In those cases, one or more registered global securities will be issued in a denomination or aggregate denominations equal to the portion of the aggregate principal or face amount of the securities to be represented by registered global securities. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole for securities in definitive registered form, a registered global security may not be transferred except as a whole by and among the depositary for the registered global security, the nominees of the depositary or any successors of the depositary or those nominees.
If not described below, any specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any securities to be represented by a registered global security will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to those securities. We anticipate that the following provisions will apply to all depositary arrangements.
Ownership of beneficial interests in a registered global security will be limited to persons, called participants, that have accounts with the depositary or persons that may hold interests through participants. Upon the issuance of a registered global security, the depositary will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the participants’ accounts with the respective principal or face amounts of the securities beneficially owned by the participants. Any dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of the securities will designate the accounts to be credited. Ownership of beneficial interests in a registered global security will be shown on, and the transfer of ownership interests will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary, with respect to interests of participants, and on the records of participants, with respect to interests of persons holding through participants. The laws of some states may require that some purchasers of securities take physical delivery of these securities in definitive form. These laws may impair your ability to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in registered global securities.
So long as the depositary, or its nominee, is the registered owner of a registered global security, that depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the securities represented by the registered global security for all purposes under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement or unit agreement. Except as described below, owners of beneficial interests in a registered global security will not be entitled to have the securities represented by the registered global security registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of the securities in definitive form and will not be considered the owners or holders of the securities under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement or unit agreement. Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a registered global security must rely on the procedures of the depositary for that registered global security and, if that person is not a participant, on the procedures of the participant through which the person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement or unit agreement. We understand that under existing industry practices, if we request any action of holders or if an owner of a beneficial interest in a registered global security desires to give or take any action that a holder is entitled to give or take under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement or unit agreement, the depositary for the registered global security would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to give or take that action, and the participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through them to give or take that action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners holding through them.
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Principal, premium, if any, and interest payments on debt securities, and any payments to holders with respect to warrants or units, represented by a registered global security registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee will be made to the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of the registered global security. None of IREN, the trustees, the warrant agents, the unit agents or any other agent of IREN, agent of the trustees or agent of the warrant agents or unit agents will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in the registered global security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to those beneficial ownership interests.
We expect that the depositary for any of the securities represented by a registered global security, upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium, interest or other distribution of underlying securities or other property to holders on that registered global security, will immediately credit participants’ accounts in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in that registered global security as shown on the records of the depositary. We also expect that payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in a registered global security held through participants will be governed by standing customer instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name,” and will be the responsibility of those participants.
If the depositary for any of these securities represented by a registered global security is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary or ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and a successor depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act is not appointed by us within 90 days, we will issue securities in definitive form in exchange for the registered global security that had been held by the depositary. Any securities issued in definitive form in exchange for a registered global security will be registered in the name or names that the depositary gives to the relevant trustee, warrant agent, unit agent or other relevant agent of ours or theirs. It is expected that the depositary’s instructions will be based upon directions received by the depositary from participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in the registered global security that had been held by the depositary.
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SELLING SECURITY HOLDERS
Selling security holders are persons or entities that, directly or indirectly, have acquired or will from time to time acquire from us, our securities in various private transactions. Such selling security holders may be parties to registration rights agreements with us, or we otherwise may have agreed or will agree to register their securities for resale. The initial purchasers of our securities, as well as their transferees, pledgees, donees or successors, all of whom we refer to as “selling security holders,” may from time to time offer and sell the securities pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement.
The applicable prospectus supplement will set forth the name of each selling security holder and the number of and type of securities beneficially owned by such selling security holder that are covered by such prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement also will disclose whether any of the selling security holders have held any position or office with, have been employed by or otherwise have had a material relationship with us during the three years prior to the date of the prospectus supplement.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We and/or any selling security holder may sell the securities in one or more of the following ways (or in any combination) from time to time:
•
through underwriters or dealers;
•
directly to a limited number of purchasers or to a single purchaser;
•
in “at the market offerings,” within the meaning of Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act, into an existing trading market on an exchange or otherwise;
•
through agents; or
•
through any other method permitted by applicable law and described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The prospectus supplement will state the terms of the offering of the securities, including:
•
the name or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents;
•
the purchase price of such securities and the proceeds to be received by us, if any;
•
any underwriting discounts or agency fees and other items constituting underwriters’ or agents’ compensation;
•
any public offering price;
•
any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and
•
any securities exchanges on which the securities may be listed.
Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.
If underwriters are used in the sale, the securities will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including:
•
negotiated transactions;
•
at a fixed public offering price or prices, which may be changed;
•
at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;
•
at prices related to prevailing market prices; or
•
at negotiated prices.
Unless otherwise stated in a prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase any securities will be conditioned on customary closing conditions and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of such series of securities, if any are purchased.
The securities may be sold through agents from time to time. The prospectus supplement will name any agent involved in the offer or sale of the securities and any commissions paid to them. Generally, any agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
Sales to or through one or more underwriters or agents in at-the-market offerings will be made pursuant to the terms of a distribution agreement with the underwriters or agents. Such underwriters or agents may act on an agency basis or on a principal basis. During the term of any such agreement, shares may be sold on a daily basis on any stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the ordinary shares are traded, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise as agreed with the underwriters or agents. The distribution agreement will provide that any ordinary share sold will be sold at negotiated prices or at prices related to the then prevailing market prices for our ordinary shares. Therefore, exact figures regarding proceeds that will be raised or commissions to be paid cannot be determined at this time and will be described in a prospectus supplement. Pursuant to the terms of the distribution agreement, we may also agree to sell, and the relevant underwriters or agents may agree to solicit offers to purchase, blocks of our ordinary shares or other securities. The terms of each such distribution agreement will be described in a prospectus supplement.
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We and/or any selling security holder may authorize underwriters, dealers or agents to solicit offers by certain purchasers to purchase the securities at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts will be subject only to those conditions set forth in the prospectus supplement, and the prospectus supplement will set forth any commissions paid for solicitation of these contracts.
Underwriters and agents may be entitled under agreements entered into with us to indemnification by us against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribution with respect to payments which the underwriters or agents may be required to make.
The prospectus supplement may also set forth whether or not underwriters may over-allot or effect transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the securities at levels above those that might otherwise prevail in the open market, including, for example, by entering stabilizing bids, effecting syndicate covering transactions or imposing penalty bids.
Underwriters and agents may be customers of, engage in transactions with, or perform services for us and our affiliates in the ordinary course of business.
Each series of securities will be a new issue of securities and will have no established trading market, other than our ordinary shares, which are listed on Nasdaq. Any underwriters to whom securities are sold for public offering and sale may make a market in the securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. The securities, other than our ordinary shares, may or may not be listed on a national securities exchange.
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EXPENSES OF THE OFFERING
The following table sets forth the expenses (other than underwriting discounts and commissions or agency fees and other items constituting underwriters’ or agents’ compensation, if any) expected to be incurred by us in connection with a possible offering of securities registered under this registration statement:
 
 
 
 
Expenses
 
 
Amount
SEC registration fee
 
 
 (1)(2)
Printing and engraving expenses
 
 
(1)
Legal fees and expenses
 
 
(1)
Accounting fees and expenses
 
 
(1)
Miscellaneous costs
 
 
(1)
Total
 
 
$(1)
 
 
 
 
(1)
These fees and expenses depend on the securities offered and the number of offerings, and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time and will be reflected in the applicable prospectus supplement.
(2)
Omitted because the registration fee is being deferred pursuant to Rule 456(b) and Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act.
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LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of certain securities and certain other matters with respect to Australian law have been passed upon for us by Clifford Chance LLP, located at Level 24, 10 Carrington Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia. The validity of certain securities and certain matters with respect to U.S. federal and New York State law have been passed upon for us by Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, located at 450 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10017. Any underwriters, dealers or agents will be advised by their own legal counsel concerning issues relating to any offering.
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EXPERTS
The audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 ‎incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement have been so incorporated by reference in reliance on the report of Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton LLP, independent registered ‎public accountants, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The audited consolidated financial statements in respect of the fiscal years ended June 30, 2022, 2021 and 2020 ‎incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement have been so incorporated by reference in reliance on the report of Armanino LLP, independent registered ‎public accountants, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
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SERVICE OF PROCESS AND ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We are a public company incorporated under the laws of Australia with limited liability. Some or all of our directors may be non-residents of the United States and substantially all of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may not be possible or practicable for you to:
•
effect service of process within the United States upon our non-U.S. resident directors or on us;
•
enforce in U.S. courts judgments obtained against our non-U.S. resident directors or us in U.S. courts in any action, including actions under the civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws;
•
enforce in U.S. courts judgments obtained against our non-U.S. resident directors or us in courts of jurisdictions outside the United States in any action, including actions under the civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws; or
•
bring an original action in an Australian court to enforce liabilities against our non-U.S. resident directors or us based solely upon U.S. securities laws.
You may also have difficulties enforcing in courts outside the United States judgments that are obtained in U.S. courts against any of our non-U.S. resident directors or us, including actions under the civil liability provisions of the U.S. securities laws. Australia has developed a different body of securities laws as compared to the United States and may provide protections for investors to a lesser extent.
It may be difficult (or impossible in some circumstances) for Australian companies to commence court action or proceedings before the federal courts of the United States or other jurisdiction in which it conducts business or has assets. This may make it difficult for us to recover amounts we are owed and to generally enforce our rights, which may have an adverse impact on our operations and financial standing. Even where we are able to enforce our rights, this may be costly and/or time consuming, risky, and may not guarantee recovery, which in turn may have an adverse impact on our operations and financial standing.
There are no treaties between Australia and the United States that would affect the recognition or enforcement of foreign judgments in Australia. We also note that investors may be able to bring an original action in an Australian court against us to enforce liabilities based in part upon U.S. federal securities laws.
The disclosures in this section are not based on the opinion of counsel.
We have appointed Cogency Global Inc. as our agent to receive service of process with respect to any action brought against us under the federal securities laws of the United States.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a “shelf” registration statement (including amendments and exhibits to the registration statement) on Form F-3 under the Securities Act. This prospectus, which is part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. For further information, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as part of the registration statement. If a document has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, we refer you to the copy of the document that has been filed. Each statement in this prospectus relating to a document filed as an exhibit is qualified in all respects by the filed exhibit.
In addition, we file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. We are allowed four months following the end of our fiscal year to file our annual report with the SEC instead of approximately three (for U.S. domestic issuers), and we are not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that is required from U.S. domestic issuers. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently as companies that are not foreign private issuers whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. Also, as a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules of the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing of proxy statements to shareholders, and our senior management, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
As a foreign private issuer, we also are exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups of investors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are still subject to the anti-fraud and anti-manipulation rules of the SEC, such as Rule 10b-5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by other U.S. domestic reporting companies, our shareholders, potential shareholders and the investing public in general should not expect to receive information about us in the same amount, and at the same time, as information is received from, or provided by, other U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC which do apply to us as a foreign private issuer.
Our SEC filings, including our registration statements, are available to you on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. This site contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. We also maintain a website at https://iren.com. Through our website, we make available, free of charge, our annual reports and other information as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not part of, and is not incorporated by reference into, this prospectus.
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INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The rules of the SEC allow us to incorporate information into this prospectus by reference, which means that we disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus. This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents listed below:
•
our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on August 28, 2024;
•
our Reports on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on September 16, 2024 (other than the information contained in the press release furnished as Exhibit 99.1 thereto), September 23, 2024 (other than the information contained in the press release furnished as Exhibit 99.1 thereto), November 26, 2024 (other than the information contained in the press release furnished as Exhibit 99.1 and the management presentation furnished as Exhibit 99.2 thereto), November 29, 2024, December 4, 2024 and December 6, 2024 (only with respect to the second Report on Form 6-K filed on such date); and
•
the description of our share capital contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A dated November 16, 2021 (File No. 001-41072) filed under the Exchange Act, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.
Any statement made in this prospectus or in a document incorporated by reference into this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus modifies or supersedes that statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute part of this prospectus.
All subsequent annual reports on Form 20-F, Form 40-F or Form 10-K that we file with the SEC and all subsequent filings on Forms 10-Q and 8-K filed by us with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act (excluding, in each case, any information or documents deemed to be furnished and not filed with the SEC), after the date hereof and prior to the termination or expiration of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, shall be incorporated by reference. We may incorporate by reference any reports on Form 6-K that we furnish to the SEC that we specifically identify in such form or in any applicable prospectus supplement as being incorporated by reference into this prospectus or such prospectus supplement (i) after the filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and prior to the effectiveness of such registration statement and (ii) after the date of this prospectus and prior to the completion of an offering of securities under this prospectus.
You can obtain any of the filings incorporated by reference into this prospectus through us or from the SEC through the SEC’s website at https://www.sec.gov. We will provide, without charge, to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a copy of this prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request of such person, a copy of any or all of the reports or documents referred to above which have been or may be incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should direct all requests for those documents to:
IREN Limited
Level 6, 55 Market Street
Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia
+61 2 7906 8301
ir@iren.com
We maintain a website at https://iren.com. The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not part of, and is not incorporated by reference into, this prospectus.
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IREN Limited
Ordinary Shares
Debt Securities
Warrants
Subscription Rights
Purchase Contracts
Units
 
PROSPECTUS
 
January 21, 2025
 

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PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(To Prospectus Dated January 21, 2025)

 
IREN Limited
Up to $1,000,000,000
 
Ordinary Shares
We have entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, dated as of the date of this prospectus supplement, with B. Riley Securities, Inc. (“B. Riley Securities”), Canaccord Genuity LLC (“Canaccord”), Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”), Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (“Citigroup”), Compass Point Research & Trading, LLC (“Compass Point”), Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc. (“Macquarie Capital”) and Roth Capital Partners LLC (“Roth Capital Partners”) (each of B. Riley Securities, Canaccord, Cantor, Citigroup, Compass Point, Macquarie Capital and Roth Capital Partners individually a “sales agent” and collectively, the “sales agents”), relating to the sale of our ordinary shares, with no par value (such agreement, the “sales agreement”). This prospectus supplement, together with the accompanying prospectus, relates to our ordinary shares that may be offered and sold under the sales agreement. In accordance with the terms of the sales agreement, under the prospectus supplement, we may offer and sell our ordinary shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $1,000,000,000 from time to time through or to the sales agents, as agent or principal.
Sales of our ordinary shares, if any, under this prospectus supplement will be made by any method permitted that is deemed an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Subject to the terms of the sales agreement, the sales agents are not required to sell any specific amount, but will act as our sales agents using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with their normal trading and sales practices. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in an escrow, trust or similar arrangement.
The sales agents will be entitled to compensation at a commission rate equal to 3.0% of the gross sales price of any ordinary shares sold under the sales agreement. In connection with the sale of ordinary shares on our behalf, each sales agent will be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation of the sales agents will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have also agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to the sales agents with respect to certain liabilities, including civil liabilities under the Securities Act. See “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page S-28 for additional information regarding the compensation to be paid to the sales agents.
Our ordinary shares are listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “IREN”. On January 17, 2025, the last reported sale price of our ordinary shares was $11.99 per share.
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page S-9 of this prospectus supplement and any risk factors in our SEC filings that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
B. Riley Securities
 
 
Canaccord Genuity
 
 
Cantor
 
 
Citigroup
 
 
Compass Point
 
 
Macquarie Capital
 
 
Roth Capital Partners
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospectus supplement dated January 21, 2025.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page
Prospectus Supplement
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
About This Prospectus Supplement
 
 
S-1
Glossary of Industry Terms and Concepts
 
 
S-3
Prospectus Supplement Summary
 
 
S-5
The Offering
 
 
S-8
Risk Factors
 
 
S-9
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
 
 
S-14
Use of Proceeds
 
 
S-17
Dividend Policy
 
 
S-18
Taxation
 
 
S-19
Plan of Distribution
 
 
S-28
Legal Matters
 
 
S-30
Experts
 
 
S-30
Where You Can Find Additional Information
 
 
S-30
Information Incorporated By Reference
 
 
S-31
 
 
 
 
Prospectus
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
About This Prospectus
 
 
1
Glossary of Industry Terms and Concepts
 
 
3
Our Company
 
 
5
Risk Factors
 
 
8
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
 
 
9
Use of Proceeds
 
 
12
Dividend Policy
 
 
13
Description of Share Capital and Constitution
 
 
14
Description of Debt Securities
 
 
24
Description of Warrants
 
 
25
Description of Subscription Rights
 
 
26
Description of Purchase Contracts
 
 
27
Description of Units
 
 
28
Forms of Securities
 
 
29
Selling Security Holders
 
 
31
Plan of Distribution
 
 
32
Expenses of the Offering
 
 
34
Legal Matters
 
 
35
Experts
 
 
36
Service of Process and Enforceability of Civil Liabilities
 
 
37
Where You Can Find Additional Information
 
 
38
Information Incorporated By Reference
 
 
39
 
 
 
 
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
This document consists of two parts. The first part is this prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of this offering. The second part is the accompanying prospectus, which is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC using a “shelf” registration process. The accompanying prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities that may be offered by us, some of which may not apply to this offering. This prospectus supplement and the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement adds to, updates and, where applicable, modifies and supersedes information contained or incorporated by reference in the accompanying prospectus.
Before buying any of the securities that we are offering, you should carefully read both this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus with all of the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, as well as the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find Additional Information” and “Information Incorporated by Reference.” These documents contain important information that you should consider when making your investment decision. We have filed or incorporated by reference exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement forms a part. You should read the exhibits carefully for provisions that may be important to you.
To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus supplement, on the one hand, and the information contained in the accompanying prospectus or in any document incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement, provided that if any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date—for example, a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement—the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.
The information contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus or any document incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement is accurate only as of their respective dates, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, the accompanying prospectus or the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in the accompanying prospectus or the sale of any securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed materially since those dates.
Neither we nor the sales agents have authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different from that contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, or any free writing prospectus we may authorize to be delivered or made available to you. Neither we nor the sales agents take responsibility for, or provide assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus supplement does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the securities described in this prospectus supplement or an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy such securities in any circumstances in which such offer or solicitation is unlawful.
For investors outside the United States: Neither we nor the sales agents have taken any action that would permit the offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus supplement in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus supplement must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the securities described herein and the distribution of this prospectus supplement outside the United States.
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this prospectus supplement to “IREN,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us” or similar terms refer to IREN Limited and its subsidiaries.
Trademarks
We have unregistered trademarks and services marks, and registered website domains, company and business names that we use in connection with the operation of our business. These include, among others, Iris Energy, IREN and www.iren.com. Other trademarks, service marks, and trade names referenced in this prospectus supplement are, to our knowledge, the property of their respective owners.
Presentation of Financial Information
All references to “U.S. dollars,” “dollars,” “$,” “USD” or “US$” are to the U.S. dollar. All references to “Australian dollars,” “AUD” or “A$” are to the Australian dollar, the official currency of Australia. All
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references to “Canadian dollars,” “CAD” or “C$” are to the Canadian dollar, the official currency of Canada. All references to “IFRS” are to International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or the IASB. References to a particular “fiscal year” are to IREN’s fiscal year ended June 30 of that year.
Any discrepancies in any table between totals and sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding. Certain monetary amounts, percentages and other figures included in this prospectus supplement have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figures shown as totals in certain tables may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them, and figures expressed as percentages in the text may not total 100% or, as applicable, when aggregated may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the percentages that precede them.
Market and Industry Data
This prospectus supplement includes market, economic, and industry data as well as certain statistics and information relating to our business, markets, and other industry data, which we obtained or extrapolated from various third-party industry and research sources, as well as assumptions that we have made that are based on those data and other similar sources. Industry publications and other third-party surveys and forecasts generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of such information is not guaranteed. While we believe that such data is reliable, we have not independently verified such data and cannot guarantee the accuracy or completeness thereof. Additionally, we cannot assure you that any of the assumptions underlying these statements are accurate or correctly reflect our position in the industry, and not all of our internal estimates have been verified by any independent sources. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that a third-party using different methods to assemble, analyze, or compute market data would obtain the same results. There is no precise definition for what constitutes the Bitcoin mining market, the HPC or AI Cloud Services market, or any other market or industry referenced in this prospectus supplement. We do not intend, and do not assume any obligations, to update industry or market data set forth in this prospectus supplement. Finally, behavior, preferences, and trends in the marketplace tend to change. As a result, investors and prospective investors should be aware that data in this prospectus supplement and estimates based on such data may not be reliable indicators of future results.
References to “market share” and “market leader” are based on global revenues in the referenced market, and unless otherwise specified herein, are based on certain of the materials referenced above.
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GLOSSARY OF INDUSTRY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
Throughout this prospectus supplement, we use a number of industry terms and concepts which are defined as follows:
•
AI Cloud Services: platforms that provide access to AI/ML capabilities through cloud-based infrastructure.
•
AI/ML: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) is computer software that mimics human cognitive abilities in order to perform complex tasks, such as decision making, data analysis, language translation and a variety of tools and services across the emergent AI industry that have been developed to leverage AI capabilities. Machine Learning (“ML”) is a subset of AI in which algorithms are trained on data sets to become machine learning models capable of performing specific tasks.
•
ASICs: An Application Specific Integrated Circuit is a type of integrated circuit that is custom-designed for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use.
•
Bitcoin: A system of global, decentralized, scarce, digital money as initially introduced in a white paper titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System by Satoshi Nakamoto.
•
Bitcoin network: The collection of all nodes running the Bitcoin protocol. This includes miners that use computing power to maintain the ledger and add new blocks to the blockchain.
•
block: A bundle of transactions analogous with digital pages in a ledger. Transactions are bundled into blocks, which are then added to the ledger. Miners are rewarded for “mining” a new block.
•
blockchain: A software program containing a cryptographically secure digital ledger that maintains a record of all transactions that occur on the network, that enables peer-to-peer transmission of transaction information, and that follows a consensus protocol for confirming new blocks to be added to the blockchain.
•
Board: The board of directors of IREN Limited.
•
difficulty: In the context of Bitcoin mining, a measure of the relative complexity of the algorithmic solution required for a miner to mine a block and receive the Bitcoin reward. An increase in global hashrate will temporarily result in faster block times as the mining algorithm is solved quicker – and vice versa if the global hashrate decreases. The Bitcoin network protocol adjusts the network difficulty every 2,016 blocks (approximately every two weeks) to maintain a target block time of 10 minutes.
•
digital asset: Bitcoin and alternative coins, or “altcoins,” launched after the success of Bitcoin. This category is designed to serve functions including as a medium of exchange, store of value, and/or to power applications.
•
fiat currency: A government issued currency that is not backed by a physical commodity, such as gold or silver, but rather by the government that issued it.
•
fork: A fundamental change to the software underlying a blockchain which may result in two different blockchains, the original, and the new version, each with their own token.
•
GPUs: Graphics processing units are a type of computing technology designed for parallel processing, which can be used in a wide range of applications, including graphics and video rendering, gaming, creative production and AI.
•
hash: To compute a function that takes an input, and then outputs an alphanumeric string known as the “hash value”.
•
hashrate: The speed at which a miner can produce computations (hashes) using the Bitcoin network’s algorithm, expressed in hashes per second. The hashrate of all miners on a particular network is referred to as the global hashrate.
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•
HPC: High-performance computing, which refers to the aggregation of computing power to achieve higher performance levels, often utilized to perform complex calculations in fields including science, engineering, finance, AI/ML, and business. It typically involves using supercomputers or clusters of computers, often employing parallel processing, to perform calculations simultaneously, thereby greatly reducing computation time.
•
miner: Individuals or entities who operate a computer or group of computers that compete to mine blocks. Bitcoin miners who successfully mine blocks are rewarded with new Bitcoin as well as any transaction fees.
•
mining: The process by which new Bitcoin blocks are created, and thus new transactions are added to the blockchain in the Bitcoin network.
•
mining pools: Mining pools are platforms for miners to contribute their hashrate in exchange for digital assets, including Bitcoin, and in some cases regardless of whether the pool effectively mines any block. Miners tend to join pools to increase payout frequency, with pools generally offering daily payouts, and to externalize to the pool the risk of a block taking longer than statistically expected from the network difficulty. Mining pools offers these services in exchange for a fee.
•
proof-of-stake: An alternative consensus protocol, in which a “validator” typically may use their own digital assets to validate transactions or blocks. Validators may “stake” their digital assets on whichever transactions they choose to validate. If a validator validates a block (group of transactions) correctly, it will receive a reward. Typically, if a validator verifies an incorrect transaction, it may lose the digital assets that it staked. Proof-of-stake generally requires a negligible amount of computing power compared to proof-of-work.
•
proof-of-work: A protocol for establishing consensus across a system that ties mining capability to computational power. Hashing a block, which is in itself an easy computational process, now requires each miner to solve for a certain difficulty variable periodically adjusted by the Bitcoin network protocol. In effect, the process of hashing each block becomes a competition and, as a result, the overall process of hashing requires time and computational effort.
•
protocol: The software that governs how a blockchain operates.
•
REC: Renewable Energy Certificate.
•
SEC: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
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PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus supplement or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement. This summary may not contain all the information that may be important to you, and we urge you to read this entire prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement carefully before deciding to invest in our securities.
Our Company
Overview
We are a leading owner and operator of data centers powered by 100% renewable energy (whether from clean or renewable energy sources or through the purchase of RECs). Our data centers are purpose-built for power dense computing applications and currently support a combination of ASICs for Bitcoin mining and GPUs for AI workloads.
Our Bitcoin mining operations generate revenue by earning Bitcoin through a combination of block rewards and transaction fees from the operation of our specialized computers called ASICs (which we refer to as “Bitcoin miners”) and exchanging these Bitcoin for fiat currencies, such as U.S. dollars or Canadian dollars.
We have been mining Bitcoin since 2019. We typically liquidate all the Bitcoin we mine daily and therefore did not have any Bitcoin held on our balance sheet as of September 30, 2024. To date we have utilized Kraken, a U.S.-based digital asset trading platform, to liquidate the Bitcoin we mine. The mining pools that we utilize for the purposes of our Bitcoin mining transfer the Bitcoin that we have mined to Kraken on a daily basis. Such Bitcoin is then exchanged for fiat currency on the Kraken exchange or via its over-the-counter trading desk. We have a backup U.S.-based digital asset trading platform, Coinbase, although, other than for testing purposes, we have not utilized Coinbase as of September 30, 2024.
We are also pursuing a strategy to expand and diversify our revenue streams. Pursuant to that strategy, we are increasing our focus on diversifying into HPC solutions, including the provision of AI Cloud Services.
Company and Corporate Information
We were originally incorporated under the laws of New South Wales, Australia, on November 6, 2018 as “Iris Energy Pty Ltd” an Australian proprietary company (ACN 629 842 799). On October 7, 2021, we converted into a public company named “Iris Energy Limited” under Australian law) and on November 19, 2021, we closed our initial public offering in the United States. As of February 15, 2024, we commenced doing business as “IREN” and on November 27, 2024 we changed the name of the Company to “IREN Limited”. Our principal place of business is Level 6, 55 Market Street, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, and our telephone number is +61 2 7906 8301. We maintain a website at https://iren.com. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into or otherwise part of this prospectus supplement.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company and a Foreign Private Issuer
Emerging Growth Company
As a company with less than $1.235 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”). For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we are eligible to utilize the following provisions of the JOBS Act that contain exceptions from disclosure and other requirements that otherwise are applicable to companies that conduct initial public offerings and file periodic reports with the SEC. These provisions include, but are not limited to:
•
not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of SOX, the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting, which would otherwise be applicable beginning with the second annual report following the effectiveness of this registration statement;
•
reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements, including in this prospectus supplement; and
•
exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
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We will remain an emerging growth company until the first to occur of (i) June 30, 2027, (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion or (iii) the last day of the fiscal in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer,” as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which means the market value of our ordinary shares that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of the second financial quarter of such financial year; or, if it occurs before any of the foregoing dates, the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt over a three-year period.
We have elected to utilize certain of the reduced disclosure obligations in this prospectus supplement and may elect to utilize other reduced reporting requirements in our future filings with the SEC. As a result, the information that we provide to our shareholders may be different than what you might receive from other public reporting companies in which you hold equity interests.
Under Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. Given that we currently report and expect to continue to report under the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”), we will not be able to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we will adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required by the IASB.
We expect that we will no longer be an emerging growth company commencing in our next fiscal year. As a result, we expect that we will no longer be eligible to utilize these exemptions, which could result in significant additional cost and expense.
Foreign Private Issuer
We qualify as a “foreign private issuer” under U.S. securities laws. Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, as long as we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we will be exempt from compliance with certain laws and regulations of the SEC, including:
•
the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;
•
the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and
•
the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q containing unaudited financial and other specific information, or current reports on Form 8-K, upon the occurrence of specified significant events.
As a foreign private issuer, we are also permitted to follow home country corporate governance practices instead of certain corporate governance practices required by the Nasdaq for U.S. domestic issuers. While we intend to follow most Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards, we intend to follow Australian law for certain corporate governance practices in lieu of Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards as follows:
•
exemption from the requirement to have a nominating and corporate governance committee composed solely of independent members of the board of directors;
•
exemption from quorum requirements applicable to meetings of shareholders under Nasdaq rules. In accordance with generally accepted business practice and Australian law, our Constitution provides quorum requirements that are generally applicable to meetings of shareholders under Australian law;
•
exemption from the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards applicable to domestic issuers requiring disclosure within four business days of any determination to grant a waiver of the code of business conduct and ethics to directors and officers. Although we will require board approval of any such waiver, we may choose not to disclose the waiver in the manner set forth in the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards, as permitted by the foreign private issuer exemption; and
•
exemption from the requirement to obtain shareholder approval for certain issuances of securities, including shareholder approval of share option plans.
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Because we are a foreign private issuer, our officers, directors and principal shareholders are not subject to short-swing profit and insider trading reporting obligations under Section 16 of the Exchange Act. They will, however, be subject to the obligations to report changes in share ownership under Section 13 of the Exchange Act and related SEC rules.
We may utilize these exemptions until such time as we are no longer a foreign private issuer. We would cease to be a foreign private issuer at such time as more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly held of record by U.S. holders and any one of the following is true: (i) the majority of our executive officers or directors are U.S. citizens or residents; (ii) more than 50% of our assets are located in the United States; or (iii) our business is administered principally in the United States.
Both foreign private issuers and emerging growth companies are also exempt from certain more stringent executive compensation disclosure rules. Thus, even if we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company but remain a foreign private issuer, we will continue to be exempt from the more stringent compensation disclosures required of companies that are not emerging growth companies and will continue to be permitted to follow our home country practice on such matters.
In this prospectus supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, we have taken advantage of certain of the reduced reporting requirements as a result of being a foreign private issuer. Accordingly, the information contained in this prospectus supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement may be different than the information you receive from other public companies in which you hold securities.
The determination of foreign private issuer status is made annually on the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. Accordingly, our last determination date was December 31, 2024, and we expect that we will have ceased to meet the requirements necessary to maintain our foreign private issuer status as of such date. Even if we meet the necessary requirements, we intend to begin reporting as a U.S. domestic issuer beginning in our next fiscal year. As a result, we expect that we will file periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms with the SEC commencing with our next fiscal year, and we will also prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP rather than IFRS and modify certain of our policies to comply with corporate governance practices required of U.S. domestic issuer. Compliance with these requirements could result in significant additional cost and expense.
For additional information, see “Item 3.D. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Related to Being a Foreign Private Issuer—As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from a number of rules under the U.S. securities laws and are permitted to file less information with the SEC than a U.S. company,” “Item 3.D. Key Information—Risk factors—We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional cost and expense” and “Item 3.D. Key Information—Risk Factors—General Risk Factors—We are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act and will avail ourselves of reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F, incorporated herein by reference.
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THE OFFERING
Ordinary shares offered by us
Ordinary shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $1,000,000,000.
Ordinary shares outstanding as January 12, 2025
214,421,179 shares.
Plan of distribution
“At the market offering” that may be made from time to time through or to the sales agents, as agent or principal. See “Plan of Distribution” on page S-28 of this prospectus supplement.
Use of proceeds
We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering, if any, to contribute to funding our growth initiatives (including, but not limited to, hardware purchases and acquisition and development of data center sites and facilities), and for working capital and general corporate purposes. See “Use of Proceeds.”
Risk factors
Investing in our ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. See the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page S-9 of this prospectus supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus for a discussion of factors you should consider before deciding to invest in our ordinary shares.
Nasdaq symbol
“IREN”
The number of ordinary shares outstanding before and after this offering is based on 214,421,179 ordinary shares outstanding as of January 12, 2025, and excludes:
•
6,987,246 ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding under our share issuance plans as of January 12, 2025, at a weighted-average exercise price of $52.80 per share; and
•
8,836,524 ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of restricted share units outstanding under our Long-Term Incentive Plans as of January 12, 2025.
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RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities involves risk. Before making a decision to invest in our securities, you should carefully consider the following risks and those in our then-most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F, and any updates to those risk factors in our reports on Form 6-K incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, together with all of the other information appearing or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, in light of your particular investment objectives and financial circumstances. Although we discuss key risks in our discussion of risk factors, new risks may emerge in the future, which may prove to be significant. We cannot predict future risks or estimate the extent to which they may affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
Risks Related to this Offering
You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings.
In order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional ordinary shares or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for ordinary shares. We cannot assure you that we will be able to sell ordinary shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per ordinary share that is equal to or greater than the price per ordinary share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing ordinary shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing shareholders. The price per ordinary share at which we sell additional ordinary shares or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for ordinary shares in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per ordinary share in this offering.
The actual number of ordinary shares we will sell under the sales agreement and the resulting gross proceeds are uncertain.
Subject to certain limitations in the sales agreement and compliance with applicable law, we have the discretion to deliver a placement notice to the sales agents at any time throughout the term of the sales agreement. The number of ordinary shares that are sold by the sales agents after we deliver a placement notice will fluctuate based on the market price of our ordinary shares during the sales period and limits we set in the placement notice. Because the price per share sold will fluctuate based on the market price of our ordinary shares during the sales period, it is not possible to predict the number of ordinary shares that will be ultimately sold or the resulting gross proceeds.
The ordinary shares offered in this offering will be sold in “at the market offerings.”
Investors who purchase our ordinary shares in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices, and so may experience different outcomes in their investment results. We will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices and numbers of ordinary shares sold, and subject to certain limitations in the sales agreement, there is no minimum or maximum sales price. Investors may experience a decline in the value of their ordinary shares and dilution as a result of sales made at prices lower than the prices they paid.
Future sales, or the possibility of future sales, of a substantial number of our ordinary shares could adversely affect the market price of our ordinary shares.
In order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional ordinary shares or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our ordinary shares at prices that may not be the same as the price per share in this offering. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of ordinary shares pursuant to this offering, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect sales. For example, since September 26, 2023 through the date of this prospectus supplement, we have sold 133,471,339 ordinary shares under a sales agreement dated September 13, 2023, between the Company and B. Riley Securities, Inc., Canaccord Genuity LLC, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Compass Point Research & Trading, LLC, and Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc. (as amended, supplemented, or otherwise modified thereafter, the “prior sales agreement”) at varying prices generating an aggregate of $993 million in gross proceeds. That prior sales agreement was terminated as of the date of this prospectus supplement. In addition, on December 6, 2024, we issued $440 million aggregate principal amount of 3.25% convertible senior notes due 2030 which, are convertible in certain circumstances at the option of the holder thereof. We will settle conversions of such convertible notes by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, ordinary shares or a combination of cash and
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ordinary shares, at our election, based on the applicable conversion rate. Further, pursuant to the sales agreement, we may offer and sell ordinary shares from time to time through or to the sales agents in an amount not to exceed the lesser of the amount registered on an effective registration statement and for which we have filed a prospectus, and the amount authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under the sales agreement by the Board or a duly authorized committee thereof. As a result, we may increase the amount of our ordinary shares that may be sold from time to time pursuant to the sales agreement at any time by filing additional prospectus supplements to the registration statement to which this prospectus supplement relates, or by otherwise increasing the amount registered on an effective registration statement for which we have filed a prospectus, and any such increases could be material. We continue to monitor funding markets for opportunities to raise additional debt, equity or equity-linked capital (including potentially by registering additional ordinary shares for sale under the sales agreement) to fund further capital or liquidity needs, and growth plans. We may sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is less than the price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing shareholders. The price per share at which we sell additional ordinary shares, or securities convertible or exchangeable into our ordinary shares, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share paid by investors in this offering.
We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering, and we may not use them effectively.
We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering as described in “Use of Proceeds.” However, our Board and our management retain broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could spend the proceeds in ways that do not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our ordinary shares. Our failure to apply these funds effectively could result in financial losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Ordinary Shares
The market price of our ordinary shares may be highly volatile.
The market price of our ordinary shares has been volatile and is likely to continue to fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, including the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business operations similar to ours as well as the fluctuation in the market price of Bitcoin and other digital assets. In addition, technology stocks have historically experienced high levels of volatility. The market price for our ordinary shares may be influenced by many factors, including:
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actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial and operating results;
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the trading price of digital assets, in particular Bitcoin;
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changes in the market valuations of our competitors;
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rumors, publicity, and market speculation involving us, our management, our competitors, or our industry;
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announcements of new investments, new products, services or solutions, capital raising initiatives, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, capital commitments, integrations or capabilities, technologies, or innovations by us or our competitors;
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changes in financial estimates or recommendations by securities analysts;
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short selling and potential “short and distort” campaigns and other short attacks involving our stock;
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changes in laws or regulations applicable to us or our industry;
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the perception of our industry by the public, legislatures, regulators and the investment community;
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additions or departures of key personnel;
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potential litigation or regulatory investigations, and the outcome of any litigation or regulatory investigation we are, or may become, subject to;
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general economic, industry, political and market conditions and overall market volatility, including resulting from public health crises, including an outbreak of an infectious disease (such as COVID-19), war, incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events;
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sales of our ordinary shares by us, our directors and officers, holders of our ordinary shares or our shareholders in the future, including pursuant to this offering, or the anticipation that such sales may occur in the future; and
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the trading volume of our ordinary shares on the Nasdaq.
Broad market and industry factors may adversely affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Further, a decline in the financial markets and related factors beyond our control may cause the price of our ordinary shares to decline rapidly and unexpectedly.
Risks Related to Taxation
Future developments regarding the treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal income and foreign tax purposes could adversely impact our business.
Due to the new and evolving nature of digital assets and the absence of comprehensive legal guidance with respect to digital asset products and transactions, many significant aspects of the U.S. federal income and foreign tax treatment of transactions involving digital assets are uncertain, and it is unclear what guidance may be issued in the future on the treatment of digital asset transactions for U.S. federal income and foreign tax purposes.
In 2014, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) released a notice, or “IRS Notice,” discussing certain aspects of “convertible virtual currency” (that is, digital currency that has an equivalent value in fiat currency or that acts as a substitute for fiat currency) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, in particular, stating that such digital currency (i) is “property”; (ii) is not “currency” for purposes of the rules relating to foreign currency gain or loss and (iii) may be held as a capital asset. The IRS has subsequently released two revenue rulings and a set of “Frequently Asked Questions,” or the “Rulings & FAQs,” that provide some additional guidance, including guidance to the effect that, under certain circumstances, hard forks of digital currencies are taxable events giving rise to ordinary income, guidance with respect to the determination of the tax basis of digital currency and guidance that rewards from staking will constitute current taxable income. However, the IRS Notice and the Rulings & FAQs do not address other significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax treatment of digital assets and related transactions.
There can be no assurance that the IRS or other foreign tax authorities will not alter their existing positions with respect to digital assets in the future or that a court would uphold the treatment set forth in the IRS Notice and the Rulings & FAQs. It is also unclear what additional guidance may be issued in the future on the treatment of existing digital asset transactions and future digital asset innovations for purposes of U.S. federal income tax or other foreign tax regulations. Any such alteration of existing IRS and other foreign tax authority positions or additional guidance regarding digital asset products and transactions could result in adverse tax consequences for our business and could have an adverse effect on the value of digital assets and the broader digital asset markets. In addition, the IRS and other foreign tax authorities may disagree with tax positions that we have taken, which could result in increased tax liabilities. Future technological and operational developments that may arise with respect to digital assets may increase the uncertainty with respect to the treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal income and foreign tax purposes. The uncertainty regarding tax treatment of digital asset transactions could impact our business, both domestically and abroad. Moreover, it is likely that new rules for reporting digital assets under the “crypto-asset reporting framework” will be implemented on our international operations, creating new obligations and a need to invest in new onboarding and reporting infrastructure. The U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS also recently finalized regulations creating new broker reporting requirements for digital assets, and have indicated that they expect to issue further guidance in the future; these rules may also impose obligations on us.
The Canadian government has modified its value added tax legislation specifically in relation to entities that are involved in Bitcoin-related activities and their associated suppliers. These legislative changes have the potential to eliminate the recovery of value added tax in Canada on inputs to our business. Any such unrecoverable value added tax may act to increase the cost of all inputs to our business in Canada including
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electricity, capital equipment, services and intellectual property acquired by our subsidiaries that operate in Canada. In addition, we are currently subject to audits and an administrative appeal relating to Canadian value added tax credits, which could reduce the amount of certain input tax credits we are able to recover for certain historical periods as well as going forward.
There is a risk that we will be a passive foreign investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the current taxable year and possibly subsequent taxable years, in which case U.S. investors will generally be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.
Under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), we will be classified as a passive foreign investment company (a “PFIC”) for any taxable year if either: (a) at least 75% of our gross income is “passive income” for purposes of the PFIC rules or (b) at least 50% of the value of our assets (determined on the basis of a quarterly average) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. For this purpose, passive income includes interest, dividends and other investment income, with certain exceptions. Cash and cash-equivalents generally are passive assets for these purposes, and digital assets are likely to be passive assets for these purposes as well. Goodwill is active to the extent attributable to activities that produce or are intended to produce active income. The PFIC rules also contain a look-through rule whereby we will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the gross assets and earning our proportionate share of the gross income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, 25% or more (by value) of the stock.
Based on the current and anticipated composition of our income, assets and operations and the price of our ordinary shares, we do not expect to be treated as a PFIC for the current taxable year. However, whether we are treated as a PFIC is a factual determination that is made on an annual basis after the close of each taxable year.
This determination will depend on, among other things, the ownership and the composition of our income and assets, as well as the relative value of our assets (which may fluctuate with our market capitalization), at the relevant time. In particular, if our cash is not deployed for active purposes, our risk of being a PFIC will increase. Fluctuations in our market capitalization can also affect our PFIC status because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test, including the value of our goodwill and unbooked intangibles, may be determined by reference to the market capitalization from time to time (which has been, and may continue to be, volatile). In this regard, there is a risk that we may be a PFIC if there is a decline in the market capitalization and the value of our goodwill is determined by reference to our market capitalization. Moreover, the application of the PFIC rules to digital assets and transactions related thereto is subject to uncertainty. Among other things, the IRS has issued limited guidance on the treatment of income from mining digital assets. The IRS or a court may disagree with our determinations, including the manner in which we determine the value of our assets and the percentage of our assets that constitutes passive assets under the PFIC rules. Therefore, there can be no assurance that we will not be classified as a PFIC for the current taxable year or for any future taxable year.
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. taxpayer holds ordinary shares, the U.S. taxpayer generally will be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences, including increased tax liability on disposition gains and “excess distributions” and additional reporting requirements. This will generally continue to be the case even if we cease to be a PFIC in a later taxable year, unless a “deemed sale” election is made. For further discussion of the PFIC rules and the adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences in the event we are classified as a PFIC, see “Taxation—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”
If a United States person is treated as owning at least 10% of our ordinary shares, such holder may be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.
If a U.S. holder is treated as owning, directly, indirectly or constructively, at least 10% of the value or voting power of our stock, such U.S. holder may be treated as a “United States shareholder” with respect to each “controlled foreign corporation” (“CFC”) in our group. Because our group includes U.S. subsidiaries, some or all of our non-U.S. subsidiaries will be treated as CFCs even if we are not a CFC. A United States shareholder of a CFC may be required to annually report and include in its U.S. taxable income its pro rata share of “Subpart F income,” “global intangible low-taxed income” and investments in U.S. property by CFCs, regardless of whether we make any distributions. An individual that is a United States shareholder with respect to a CFC generally would not be allowed certain tax deductions or foreign tax credits that would be allowed to a United States shareholder of a U.S. corporation. Failure to comply with CFC reporting obligations may subject a United States shareholder to significant monetary penalties.
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We cannot provide any assurance that we will furnish to any United States shareholder information that may be necessary to comply with the reporting and taxpaying obligations applicable under the controlled foreign corporation rules of the Code. The IRS has provided limited guidance on situations in which investors may rely on publicly available information to comply with their reporting and taxpaying obligations with respect to foreign-controlled CFCs. U.S. holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the potential application of these rules to their investment in our ordinary shares.
Future changes to tax laws could materially adversely affect our company and reduce net returns to our shareholders.
Our tax treatment is subject to the enactment of, or changes in, tax laws, regulations and treaties, or the interpretation thereof, tax policy initiatives and reforms under consideration and the practices of tax authorities in jurisdictions in which we operate, including those related to the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project, the European Commission’s state aid investigations and other initiatives. Such changes may include (but are not limited to) the taxation of operating income, investment income, dividends received or (in the specific context of withholding tax) dividends paid. We are unable to predict what tax reform may be proposed or enacted in the future or what effect such changes would have on our business. Changes to the rates of taxes imposed on us or our affiliates, or changes to tax legislation, regulations, policies or practices, generally in any of the jurisdictions in which we or our affiliates operate, may adversely impact our financial position and/or performance and overall or effective tax rates in the future in countries where we have operations, reduce post-tax returns to our shareholders, and increase the complexity, burden and cost of tax compliance. In addition, an interpretation of relevant taxation laws by a taxation authority that differs from our interpretation may lead to an increase in our taxation liabilities.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include information concerning possible or assumed future results of operations, including descriptions of our business plan and strategies and trends we expect to affect our business. These statements often include words such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “suggests,” “plan,” “believe,” “intend,” “estimates,” “targets,” “projects,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “may,” “will,” “forecast,” and other similar expressions.
We base these forward-looking statements or projections on our current expectations, plans and assumptions that we have made in light of our experience in the industry, as well as our perceptions of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe are appropriate under the circumstances and at such time. As you read and consider this prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement, you should understand that these statements are not guarantees of future performance or results. The forward-looking statements and projections are subject to and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions and you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements or projections. Although we believe that these forward-looking statements and projections are based on reasonable assumptions at the time they are made, you should be aware that many factors could affect our actual financial results or results of operations, and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements and projections. Factors that may materially affect such forward-looking statements and projections include, but are not limited to:
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Bitcoin price and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations;
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our ability to obtain additional capital on commercially reasonable terms and in a timely manner to meet our capital needs and facilitate our expansion plans;
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the terms of any future financing or any refinancing, restructuring or modification to the terms of any future financing, which could require us to comply with onerous covenants or restrictions, and our ability to service our debt obligations, any of which could restrict our business operations and adversely impact our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations;
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our ability to successfully execute on our growth strategies and operating plans, including our ability to continue to develop our existing data center sites and to diversify and expand into the market for HPC solutions we may offer (including the market for AI Cloud Services);
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our limited experience with respect to new markets we have entered or may seek to enter, including the market for HPC solutions (including AI Cloud Services);
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expectations with respect to the ongoing profitability, viability, operability, security, popularity and public perceptions of the Bitcoin network;
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expectations with respect to the profitability, viability, operability, security, popularity and public perceptions of any current and future HPC solutions (including AI Cloud Services) we offer;
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our ability to secure and retain customers on commercially reasonable terms or at all, particularly as it relates to our strategy to expand into markets for HPC solutions (including AI Cloud Services);
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our ability to manage counterparty risk (including credit risk) associated with any current or future customers, including customers of our HPC solutions (including AI Cloud Services), and other counterparties;
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the risk that any current or future customers, including customers of our HPC solutions (including AI Cloud Services), or other counterparties may terminate, default on or underperform their contractual obligations;
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Bitcoin global hashrate fluctuations;
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our ability to secure renewable energy, renewable energy certificates, power capacity, facilities and sites on commercially reasonable terms or at all;
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delays associated with, or failure to obtain or complete, permitting approvals, grid connections and other development activities customary for greenfield or brownfield infrastructure projects;
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our reliance on power and utilities providers, third party mining pools, exchanges, banks, insurance providers and our ability to maintain relationships with such parties;
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expectations regarding availability and pricing of electricity;
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our participation and ability to successfully participate in demand response products and services and other load management programs run, operated or offered by electricity network operators, regulators or electricity market operators;
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the availability, reliability and/or cost of electricity supply, hardware and electrical and data center infrastructure, including with respect to any electricity outages and any laws and regulations that may restrict the electricity supply available to us;
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any variance between the actual operating performance of our miner hardware achieved compared to the nameplate performance including hashrate;
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our ability to curtail our electricity consumption and/or monetize electricity depending on market conditions, including changes in Bitcoin mining economics and prevailing electricity prices;
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actions undertaken by electricity network and market operators, regulators, governments or communities in the regions in which we operate;
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the availability, suitability, reliability and cost of internet connections at our facilities;
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our ability to secure additional hardware, including hardware for Bitcoin mining and any current or future HPC solutions (including AI Cloud Services) we offer, on commercially reasonable terms or at all, and any delays or reductions in the supply of such hardware or increases in the cost of procuring such hardware;
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expectations with respect to the useful life and obsolescence of hardware (including hardware for Bitcoin mining as well as hardware for other applications, including any current or future HPC solutions (including AI Cloud Services) we offer);
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delays, increases in costs or reductions in the supply of equipment used in our operations;
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our ability to operate in an evolving regulatory environment;
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our ability to successfully operate and maintain our property and infrastructure;
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reliability and performance of our infrastructure compared to expectations;
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malicious attacks on our property, infrastructure or IT systems;
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our ability to maintain in good standing the operating and other permits and licenses required for our operations and business;
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our ability to obtain, maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights and confidential information;
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any intellectual property infringement and product liability claims;
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whether the secular trends we expect to drive growth in our business materialize to the degree we expect them to, or at all;
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any pending or future acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures or other strategic transactions;
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the occurrence of any environmental, health and safety incidents at our sites, and any material costs relating to environmental, health and safety requirements or liabilities;
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damage to our property and infrastructure and the risk that any insurance we maintain may not fully cover all potential exposures;
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•
ongoing proceedings relating to the default by two of the Company’s wholly-owned special purpose vehicles under limited recourse equipment financing facilities; ongoing securities litigation relating in part to the default; and any future litigation, claims and/or regulatory investigations, and the costs, expenses, use of resources, diversion of management time and efforts, liability and damages that may result therefrom;
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our failure to comply with any laws including the anti-corruption laws of the United States and various international jurisdictions;
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any failure of our compliance and risk management methods;
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any laws, regulations and ethical standards that may relate to our business, including those that relate to Bitcoin and the Bitcoin mining industry and those that relate to any other services we offer, including laws and regulations related to data privacy, cybersecurity and the storage, use or processing of information and consumer laws;
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our ability to attract, motivate and retain senior management and qualified employees;
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increased risks to our global operations including, but not limited to, political instability, acts of terrorism, theft and vandalism, cyberattacks and other cybersecurity incidents and unexpected regulatory and economic sanctions changes, among other things;
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climate change, severe weather conditions and natural and man-made disasters that may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations;
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public health crises, including an outbreak of an infectious disease (such as COVID-19) and any governmental or industry measures taken in response;
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our ability to remain competitive in dynamic and rapidly evolving industries;
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damage to our brand and reputation;
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expectations relating to Environmental, Social or Governance issues or reporting (“ESG”);
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the costs of being a public company;
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the increased regulatory and compliance costs of us ceasing to be a foreign private issuer and an emerging growth company; and
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other risk factors disclosed under “Item 3.D.—Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F, incorporated herein by reference.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the ‎date on which they were made. Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and ‎uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond our control, you ‎should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Moreover, we operate in an ‎evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for ‎management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to ‎publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of any new information, future ‎events, changed circumstances or otherwise. You should read this prospectus supplement, the documents incorporated by ‎reference in this prospectus supplement and the documents that we have filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which ‎this prospectus supplement is a part completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially ‎different from what we expect.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
We may offer and sell our ordinary shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $1,000,000,000 from time to time through or to the sales agents. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us are not determinable at this time.
We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to contribute to funding our growth initiatives (including, but not limited to, hardware purchases and acquisition and development of data center sites and facilities), and for working capital and general corporate purposes.
Our expected use of the net proceeds from this offering represents our current intentions based on our present plans and business condition, which could change as our plans and business conditions evolve. The amounts and timing of our actual use of the net proceeds from this offering will vary depending on numerous factors. As a result, we cannot predict with certainty all of the particular uses for any net proceeds to be received or the amounts that we will actually spend on the uses set forth above. Our Board and our management retain broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering.
Pending the use of the proceeds from this offering, we may invest the net proceeds in a variety of capital preservation instruments, which may include all or a combination of short-term and long-term interest-bearing instruments, investment-grade securities, and direct or guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government. We cannot predict whether the proceeds invested will yield a favorable return.
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DIVIDEND POLICY
Since our incorporation, we have not declared or paid any dividends on our issued share capital. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of the Board and subject to Australian law. If the Board elects to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon our future operations and earning, capital requirements and surplus, general financial conditions, contractual restrictions and other factors that the Board may deem relevant. B Class shares do not confer on their holders any right to receive dividends. For additional information, see “Risk Factors—We do not currently pay any cash dividends on our ordinary shares, and may not in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, your ability to achieve a return on your investment in our ordinary shares will depend on appreciation, if any, in the price of our ordinary shares” in our Report on Form 6-K filed on November 26, 2024, incorporated herein by reference.
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TAXATION
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following discussion describes the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders (as defined below) of an investment in our ordinary shares. This summary applies only to U.S. Holders that acquire our ordinary shares in exchange for cash, hold our ordinary shares as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code and have the U.S. dollar as their functional currency.
This discussion is based on the tax laws of the United States as in effect on the date of this prospectus, including the Code, and U.S. Treasury regulations in effect or, in some cases, proposed, as of the date of this prospectus, as well as judicial and administrative interpretations thereof available on or before such date. All of the preceding authorities are subject to change, and any such change could apply retroactively and affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences described below. The statements in this prospectus are not binding on the IRS or any court. Thus, the Company can provide no assurance that the U.S. federal income tax consequences discussed below will not be challenged by the IRS or will be sustained by a court if challenged by the IRS. Furthermore, this summary does not address any estate or gift tax consequences, state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences, or other tax consequences other than U.S. federal income tax consequences.
The following discussion does not describe all the tax consequences that may be relevant to any particular investor or to persons in special tax situations such as:
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banks and certain other financial institutions;
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regulated investment companies;
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real estate investment trusts;
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insurance companies;
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broker-dealers;
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traders that elect to mark our ordinary shares to market for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
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tax-exempt entities;
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persons liable for alternative minimum tax or the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income;
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U.S. expatriates;
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persons holding our ordinary shares as part of a straddle, hedging, constructive sale, conversion, or integrated transaction;
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persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the Company’s stock by vote or value;
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persons that are resident or ordinarily resident in or have a permanent establishment in a jurisdiction outside the United States;
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persons who acquired our ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee share option or otherwise as compensation; or
•
persons holding our ordinary shares through partnerships or other pass-through entities or arrangements.
PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISERS ABOUT THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL TAX RULES TO THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES AS WELL AS THE STATE, LOCAL AND NON-U.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR ORDINARY SHARES.
As used herein, the term “U.S. Holder” means a person eligible for the benefits of the tax treaty between the United States and Australia (the “Treaty”) that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a beneficial owner of our ordinary shares and is or is treated as:
•
an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
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a corporation created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; or
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an estate or trust whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source.
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The tax treatment of a partner in an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax ‎purposes that holds our ordinary shares generally will depend on such partner’s status and the partnership’s ‎activities. Accordingly, a U.S. Holder that is a partner in such a partnership should consult its tax adviser.‎
Treasury regulations that apply to taxable years beginning on or after December 28, 2021 (the “Foreign Tax Credit ‎Regulations”) may in some circumstances prohibit a U.S. person from claiming a foreign tax credit with respect to ‎certain non-U.S. taxes that are not creditable under applicable income tax treaties. However, the IRS released guidance in the form of notices which provide temporary relief from the requirements of these new regulations for taxable years ending before the date that a notice or other guidance withdrawing or modifying the temporary relief is issued (or any later date specified in such notice or other guidance). The rules ‎governing the calculation and timing of foreign tax credits and the deduction of foreign taxes are complex and ‎depend upon a U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances. Accordingly, U.S. investors that are not eligible for Treaty ‎benefits should consult their tax advisers regarding the creditability or deductibility of any Australian taxes imposed ‎on dividends on, or dispositions of, the ordinary shares. This discussion does not apply to investors in this special ‎situation.‎
Dividends and Other Distributions on Our Ordinary Shares
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed above, the gross amount of distributions made by the Company with respect to our ordinary shares (including the amount of any non-U.S. taxes withheld therefrom) generally will be includible as dividend income in a U.S. Holder’s gross income in the year received, to the extent such distributions are paid out of the Company’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Because the Company does not maintain its earnings and profits calculations under U.S. federal income tax principles, a U.S. Holder should expect all cash distributions to be reported as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to U.S. corporations with respect to dividends received from other U.S. corporations. Dividends received by non-corporate U.S. Holders may be “qualified dividend income,” which is taxed at the lower applicable capital gains rate, provided that (1) the Company is eligible for Treaty benefits or our ordinary shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, (2) the Company is not a PFIC (and is not treated as a PFIC with respect to a U.S. Holder under the “once a PFIC always a PFIC rule” (as discussed above)) for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, (3) the U.S. Holder satisfies specific holding period requirements and (4) the U.S. Holder is not under an obligation to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid with respect to our ordinary shares.
The amount of any distribution paid in a foreign currency will be equal to the U.S. dollar value of such currency, translated at the spot rate of exchange on the date such distribution is received, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars at that time. If the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income. A U.S. Holder may have foreign currency gain or loss if the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars after the date of receipt. In general, foreign currency gain or loss will be treated as U.S.-source ordinary income or loss.
Dividends on our ordinary shares generally will constitute foreign source income for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. The amount of dividend income will include any amounts withheld by us in respect of Australian income taxes. Subject to certain complex conditions and limitations, some of which vary depending upon the U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances, any Australian taxes withheld on any distributions on our ordinary shares (at a rate not exceeding the applicable Treaty rate in the case of U.S. Holders eligible for Treaty benefits) may be eligible for credit against a U.S. Holder’s federal income tax liability. The rules governing foreign tax credits are complex. In addition, the Foreign Tax Credit Regulations described above may in some circumstances impose additional limitations on the creditability of any foreign taxes on dividends or other distributions. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the creditability of any Australian taxes in their particular circumstances (including the U.S. Holder’s eligibility for Treaty benefits). In lieu of claiming a credit, U.S. Holders may be able to elect to deduct any Australian income taxes in computing their taxable income, subject to generally applicable limitations under U.S. law. An election to deduct non-U.S. taxes instead of claiming foreign tax credits applies to all otherwise creditable non-U.S. taxes paid or accrued in the taxable year.
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Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Our Ordinary Shares
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed above, upon a sale or other taxable disposition of our ordinary shares, a U.S. Holder will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such ordinary shares. A U.S. Holder’s initial tax basis in our ordinary shares generally will equal the cost of such ordinary shares. Generally, any such gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period in our ordinary shares exceeds one year. Non-corporate U.S. Holders (including individuals) generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on long-term capital gain at preferential rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to significant limitations.
Gain or loss, if any, realized by a U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of our ordinary shares generally will be treated as U.S. source gain or loss for U.S. foreign tax credit limitation purposes. The use of U.S. foreign tax credits relating to any Australian tax imposed upon the sale or other disposition of our ordinary shares may be unavailable or limited. In addition, the Foreign Tax Credit Regulations described above may in some circumstances impose additional limitations on the creditability of any foreign taxes on gains from dispositions. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the tax consequences if Australian taxes are imposed on or connected with a sale or other disposition of our ordinary shares and their ability to credit any Australian tax against their U.S. federal income tax liability.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations
The Company will be classified as a passive foreign investment company (a “PFIC”) for any taxable year if either: (a) at least 75% of its gross income is “passive income” for purposes of the PFIC rules or (b) at least 50% of the value of its assets (determined on the basis of a quarterly average) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. For this purpose, passive income includes interest, dividends and other investment income, with certain exceptions. Cash and cash-equivalents generally are passive assets for these purposes, and digital assets are likely to be passive assets for these purposes as well. Goodwill is active to the extent attributable to activities that produce or are intended to produce active income. The PFIC rules also contain a look-through rule whereby the Company will be treated as owning its proportionate share of the gross assets and earning its proportionate share of the gross income of any other corporation in which it owns, directly or indirectly, 25% or more (by value) of the stock.
Based on the current and anticipated composition of our income, assets and operations and the price of our ordinary shares, we do not expect to be treated as a PFIC for the current taxable year. However, whether we are treated as a PFIC is a factual determination that is made on an annual basis after the close of each taxable year. This determination will depend on, among other things, the ownership and the composition of our income and assets, as well as the relative value of our assets (which may fluctuate with our market capitalization), at the relevant time. In particular, if our cash is not deployed for active purposes, our risk of being a PFIC will increase. Fluctuations in the Company’s market capitalization can also affect our PFIC status because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test, including the value of our goodwill and unbooked intangibles, may be determined by reference to the market capitalization from time to time (which has been, and may continue to be, volatile). In this regard, there is a risk that we may be a PFIC if there is a decline in the market capitalization and the value of our goodwill is determined by reference to our market capitalization. Moreover, the application of the PFIC rules to digital assets and transactions related thereto is subject to uncertainty. Among other things, the IRS has issued limited guidance on the treatment of income from mining digital assets. The IRS or a court may disagree with our determinations, including the manner in which we determine the value of our assets and the percentage of our assets that constitutes passive assets under the PFIC rules. Therefore, there can be no assurance that we will not be classified as a PFIC for the current taxable year or for any future taxable year.
If the Company is considered a PFIC at any time that a U.S. Holder holds our ordinary shares, any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on a sale or other disposition of our ordinary shares, as well as the amount of any “excess distribution” (defined below) received by the U.S. Holder, will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for our ordinary shares. The amounts allocated to the taxable year of the sale or other disposition (or the taxable year of receipt, in the case of an excess distribution) and to any year before the Company became a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income. The amount allocated to each other taxable year will be subject to tax at the highest rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as appropriate, for that taxable year, and an interest charge will be imposed. For the purposes of these rules, an excess distribution is the amount by which any distribution received by a U.S. Holder on our ordinary shares exceeds 125% of the average of the annual distributions on our ordinary shares received during the preceding three years or the U.S. Holder’s
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holding period, whichever is shorter. Certain elections may be available that would result in alternative treatments (such as mark-to-market treatment) of our ordinary shares if the Company is considered a PFIC. Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.
Under a rule commonly referred to as the “once a PFIC always a PFIC” rule, if the Company is considered a PFIC at any time that a U.S. Holder holds our ordinary shares, the Company will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to such investment unless (i) the Company ceases to be a PFIC and (ii) the U.S. Holder made a “deemed sale” election under the PFIC rules. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the advisability of making a “deemed sale” election as it may require them to recognize gain taxed under the general PFIC rules described in the previous paragraph.
If the Company is a PFIC (or, with respect to a particular U.S. Holder, is treated as a PFIC) for any taxable year in which the Company pays a dividend or for the prior taxable year, the favorable tax rate described above under “—Dividends and Other Distributions on Our Ordinary Shares” with respect to dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders will not apply.
The Company does not intend to provide information necessary for U.S. Holder to make qualified electing fund elections which, if available, would result in tax treatment different from the general tax treatment for PFICs described above.
If the Company is a PFIC, a U.S. Holder will also be subject to annual information reporting requirements. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers about the potential application of the PFIC rules to an investment in our ordinary shares.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Dividend payments with respect to our ordinary shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange, or redemption of our ordinary shares may be subject to information reporting to the IRS and U.S. backup withholding. A U.S. Holder may be eligible for an exemption from backup withholding if the U.S. Holder furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification or is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status may be required to provide such certification on IRS Form W-9. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding applying the U.S. information reporting and backup withholding rules.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, and such U.S. Holder may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by timely filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS and furnishing any required information.
Additional Information Reporting Requirements
Certain U.S. Holders who are individuals (and certain entities) that hold an interest in “specified foreign financial assets” (which may include our ordinary shares) are required to report information relating to such assets, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for our ordinary shares held in accounts maintained by certain financial institutions). Penalties can apply if U.S. Holders fail to satisfy such reporting requirements. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the applicability of these requirements to their acquisition and ownership of our ordinary shares.
THE DISCUSSION ABOVE IS A GENERAL SUMMARY. IT DOES NOT COVER ALL TAX MATTERS THAT MAY BE IMPORTANT TO YOU. EACH PROSPECTIVE PURCHASER SHOULD CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISER ABOUT THE TAX CONSEQUENCES OF AN INVESTMENT IN OUR ORDINARY SHARES UNDER ITS CIRCUMSTANCES.
Material Australian Tax Considerations
In this section, we provide a general summary of the material Australian income tax, stamp duty, and goods and services tax considerations generally applicable to the acquisition, ownership, and disposal by the absolute beneficial owners of the ordinary shares issued by IREN.
This section is based upon existing Australian tax law as of the date of this prospectus, which is subject to change, possibly retrospectively. This discussion does not address all aspects of Australian tax law, which may be
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important to particular investors in light of their investment circumstances, such as shares held by investors subject to special tax rules (for example, financial institutions, insurance companies, or tax-exempt organizations).
It does not purport to address all possible tax situations that may be relevant to a decision to purchase, own, or deposit our ordinary shares. It is included herein solely for preliminary information purposes and is not intended to be, nor should it be construed to be, legal or tax advice. IREN and its officers, employees, taxation or other advisers do not accept any liability or responsibility in respect of any statement concerning taxation consequences or the taxation consequences.
Prospective purchasers of our ordinary shares should consult their tax advisers on the applicable tax consequences related to the ownership of our ordinary shares, based on their particular circumstances.
The comments in this section deal only with the Australian taxation implications of the ownership and disposition of IREN ordinary shares if you hold your IREN ordinary shares as investments on a capital account. In addition, this summary does not discuss any non-Australian or state tax considerations, other than stamp duty and goods and services tax.
For this summary, a holder of our ordinary shares that is not an Australian tax resident and is not carrying on business in Australia at or through a permanent establishment is referred to as a “Non-Australian Holder.”
Conversely, for the purposes of this summary, a holder that is an Australian tax resident or is carrying on business in Australia at or through a permanent establishment is referred to as an “Australian Resident Holder.”
Please be aware that the residence concept used in this section applies for Australian tax assessment purposes only. Any reference in this section to a tax, duty, levy impost, or other charge or withholding of a similar nature refers to Australia’s tax laws and/or concepts only. Also, please note that a reference to Australian income tax encompasses corporate income tax and personal income tax generally.
Taxation of the Company
As the Company is a fully taxable Australian company, its taxable income is subject to corporate income tax in Australia. All Australian companies are subject to a corporate income tax rate of 30%, other than those classified as a “base rate company”, which are businesses with revenue of less than A$50 million that are subject to a reduced corporate income tax rate of 25% from the 2021/2022 income year. The Company is not considered a base rate company for the year ended June 30, 2025.
Taxation of Australian Resident Holders
Taxation of Dividends
Dividends paid by us on our ordinary shares should constitute the assessable income of an Australian Resident Holder. Australia operates a dividend imputation system under which dividends may be declared to be “franked” to the extent they are paid out of company profits that have been subject to Australian income tax.
Individuals and complying superannuation entities
Australian Resident Holders who are individuals or complying superannuation entities should include the dividend in their assessable income in the year the dividend is paid, together with any franking credit attached to that dividend.
Subject to the comments concerning ‘Qualified Persons’ below, such Australian Resident Holders should generally be entitled to a tax offset equal to the franking credit attached to the dividend. The tax offset can be applied to reduce the tax payable on the investor’s taxable income. Where the tax offset exceeds the tax payable on the investor’s taxable income, the investor should be entitled to a tax refund equal to the excess.
To the extent that the dividend is unfranked, an Australian individual Shareholder will generally be taxed at their prevailing marginal rate on the dividend received (with no tax offset). Complying Australian superannuation entities will generally be taxed at the prevailing rate for complying superannuation entities on the dividend received (with no tax offset).
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Companies
Australian Resident Holders that are companies are also required to include both the dividend and the associated franking credits (if any) in their assessable income.
Subject to the comments in relation to ‘Qualified Persons’ below, such companies should be entitled to a tax offset up to the amount of the franking credit attached to the dividend. Likewise, the company should generally be entitled to a credit in its own franking account to the extent of the franking credits attached to the distribution received. This will allow the Australian Resident Holders that are companies to pass on the franking credits to its investor(s) on the subsequent payment of franked dividends.
Excess franking credits received by the company shareholder will not give rise to a refund entitlement for a company but may be converted into carry forward tax losses instead. This is subject to specific rules on how the carry forward tax loss is calculated and utilized in future years.
Trusts and partnerships
Australian Resident Holders who are trustees (other than trustees of complying superannuation entities, which are dealt with above) or partnerships are also required to include any dividends and any franking credits in calculating the net income of the trust or partnership. Where a fully franked or partially franked dividend is received, the relevant beneficiary or partner may be entitled to a tax offset in respect of any franking credits distributed to the relevant beneficiary or partner as applicable.
To the extent that the dividend is unfranked, an Australian trustee (other than trustees of complying superannuation entities) or partnerships, will be required to include the unfranked dividend in the net income of the trust or partnership. The relevant beneficiary will be taxed at the relevant prevailing tax rate on their share of the net income of the trust or partnership (with no tax offset).
Qualified Persons
The benefit of franking credits can be denied where an Australian Resident Holder is not a ‘qualified person’ in which case the Holder will not be required to include an amount for the franking credits in their assessable income nor will they be entitled to a tax offset.
Broadly, to be a qualified person, a shareholder must satisfy the holding period rule and, if necessary, the related payment rule. The holding period rule requires a shareholder to hold the shares ‘at risk’ for at least 45 days continuously during the qualification period - starting from the day after acquiring the shares and ending 45 days after the shares become ex-dividend - in order to qualify for franking benefits.
This holding period rule is subject to certain exceptions, including where the total franking offsets of an individual in a year of income do not exceed A$5,000.
Whether you are a qualified person is a complex tax issue which requires analysis based on each shareholder’s individual circumstances. IREN ordinary shareholders should obtain their own tax advice to determine if these requirements have been satisfied.
Capital Gains Tax (“CGT”) Implications
Disposal of shares
For Australian Resident Holders, who hold their ordinary shares on capital account, the future disposal of ordinary shares will give rise to a CGT event at the time which the legal and beneficial ownership of the ordinary shares are disposed of. Australian Resident Holders will derive a capital gain on the disposal of their ordinary shares in IREN to the extent that the capital proceeds exceed the cost base of their ordinary shares.
A capital loss will be made where the capital proceeds are less than the cost base of their ordinary shares. Where a capital loss is made, capital losses can only be offset against capital gains derived in the same or later incomes years. They cannot be offset against ordinary income nor carried back to offset net capital gains arising in earlier income years. Capital losses may be carried forward to future income years subject to the satisfaction of the Australian loss testing provisions.
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Capital Proceeds
The capital proceeds should generally be equal to any consideration received by the Australian Resident Holder in respect to the disposal of their IREN ordinary shares.
Cost base of IREN ordinary shares
The cost base of an ordinary share should generally be equal to the cost of acquiring the ordinary share, holding the ordinary share, plus any incidental costs of acquisition and disposal (e.g. brokerage costs and legal fees).
CGT Discount
The CGT discount may apply to Australian Resident Holders that are individuals, complying Australian superannuation funds or trusts, who have held, or are taken to have held, their ordinary shares for at least 12 months (not including the date of acquisition or date of disposal) at the time of the disposal of their ordinary shares.
The CGT discount is:
•
One-half if the Australian Resident Holder is an individual or trustee: meaning generally only 50% of the capital gain will be included in the Australian Resident Holder’s assessable income; and
•
One-third if the Australian Resident Holder is a trustee of a complying superannuation entity: meaning generally only two-thirds of the capital gain will be included in the Australian Resident Holder’s assessable income.
The CGT discount is not available to Australian Resident Holders that are companies.
If an Australian Resident Holder makes a discounted capital gain, any current year and/or carried-forward capital losses will be applied to reduce the undiscounted capital gain before the relevant CGT discount is applied. The resulting amount forms the Australian Resident Holder’s net capital gain for the income year and is included in its assessable income.
The CGT discount rules relating to trusts are complex. Subject to certain requirements being satisfied, the capital gain may flow through to the beneficiaries in that trust, who will assess the eligibility for the CGT discount in their own right. Accordingly, we recommend trustees seek their own independent advice on how the CGT discount applies to the trust and its beneficiaries.
Taxation of Non-Australian Holders
Taxation of Dividends
Non-Australian Holders who do not have a permanent establishment in Australia should not be subject to Australian income tax but may be subject to Australian dividend withholding tax on their IREN dividends.
Franked dividends
As outlined above, Australia has a franking system wherein dividends can be franked, and Australian resident shareholders receive a franking credit which effectively represents the Australian corporate tax paid by the underlying company (i.e. IREN).
Dividends received by Non-Australian Holders which are franked should not be subject to Australian dividend withholding tax to the extent of the franking (i.e. if the dividend is fully franked, it should not be subject to Australian dividend withholding tax at all). However, refunds of franking credits are not available to non-Australian resident shareholders.
Dividends attributable to Conduit Foreign Income
Non-Australian Holders should not be subject to Australian dividend withholding tax on unfranked dividends to the extent that the dividend is declared to be conduit foreign income (CFI).
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CFI generally includes amounts received by IREN that have been derived from a non-Australian source, for example dividends received from foreign subsidiaries which are treated as non-assessable non-exempt income for Australian tax purposes.
Unfranked dividends
Non-Australian Holders should generally be subject to Australian dividend withholding tax to the extent the unfranked component of any dividends are not declared to by CFI. Australian dividend withholding tax will be imposed at 30% of the amount of the unfranked dividend, unless a shareholder is a resident of a country with which Australia has a double taxation treaty (DTT) and qualifies for the benefits of the treaty. In the event the Non-Australian Holder is otherwise able to rely on a DTT with Australia, the rate of Australian dividend withholding tax may be reduced (typically to 15%), depending on the terms of the DTT.
Under the provisions of the current Double Taxation Convention between Australia and the United States, the Australian tax withheld on unfranked dividends that are not declared to be CFI paid by us to a resident of the United States is beneficially entitled is limited to 15%.
Under the Double Taxation Convention between Australia and the United States, if a company that is a Non-Australian Holder directly owns a 10% or more interest in an Australian company (i.e. IREN), the Australian tax withheld on unfranked dividends that are not declared to be CFI paid by us to which a resident of the United States is beneficially entitled is limited to 5%.
Capital Gains Tax (“CGT”) Implications
Disposal of shares
Non-Australian Holders who are treated as the owners of the underlying shares on the basis that they are absolutely entitled to those ordinary shares will not be subject to Australian capital gains tax on the gain made on a sale or other disposal of ordinary shares unless:
•
they, together with their associates as defined for Australian tax purposes, hold 10% or more of our issued capital, at the time of disposal or for a 12-month period during the two years prior to disposal; and
•
more than 50% of our assets held directly or indirectly, determined by reference to market value, consists of Australian real property (which includes land and leasehold interests) or Australian mining, quarrying or prospecting rights at the time of disposal.
Australian capital gains tax applies to net capital gains at a taxpayer’s marginal tax rates. Net capital gains are calculated after reduction for capital losses, which may only be offset against capital gains.
The capital gains tax discount is not available to Non-Australian Holders on gains in respect of IREN ordinary shares, where they were non-Australian residents during the entire holding period. Where Non-Australian Holders were Australian tax residents for some of the holding period, the capital gains tax discount percentage is reduced to account for the period of foreign residency during the entire holding period. Companies are not entitled to a capital gains tax discount.
Broadly, where there is a disposal of certain taxable Australian property by a Non-Australian Holder, the purchaser will be required to withhold and remit to the Australian Taxation Office, or the ATO, 12.5% of the proceeds from the sale. A transaction is excluded from the withholding requirements in certain circumstances, including where the transaction is an on-market transaction conducted on an approved stock exchange, a securities lending, or the transaction is conducted using a broker operated crossing system. There may also be an exception to the requirement to withhold where a Non-Australian Holder provides a declaration that their ordinary shares are not ‘indirect Australian real property interests’. The Non-Australian Holder may be entitled to receive a tax credit for the tax withheld by the purchaser which they may claim in their Australian income tax return.
Dual Residency
If a holder of ordinary shares is a resident of both Australia and the United States under those countries’ domestic taxation laws, that holder may be subject to tax as an Australian resident. Holders should obtain specialist taxation advice in these circumstances.
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General Australian Tax Matters
The below comments apply to both Australian Resident Holders and Non-Australian Holders.
Stamp Duty
No Australian stamp duty is payable on the issue, transfer and/or surrender of the ordinary shares, provided IREN remains listed on the Nasdaq and all shares are quoted on that exchange and the issue/transfer/surrender of ordinary shares does not result in a person, whether alone or together with associated/related persons or with otherwise unassociated persons as part of substantially one arrangement, having a 90% or more interest in IREN (by reference to their entitlement to a distribution of property of IREN on a winding up or otherwise).
Goods and Services Tax
No Australian GST will be payable on the supply of the ordinary shares.
Subject to certain requirements, there may be a restriction on the entitlement of IREN ordinary shareholders to claim an input tax credit for any GST incurred on costs associated with the acquisition or disposal of IREN ordinary shares (e.g. lawyer’s and accountants’ fees).
THE DISCUSSION ABOVE IS A SUMMARY OF THE AUSTRALIAN TAX CONSEQUENCES OF AN INVESTMENT IN OUR ORDINARY SHARES AND IS BASED UPON LAWS AND RELEVANT INTERPRETATIONS THEREOF IN EFFECT AS OF THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS, ALL OF WHICH ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE, POSSIBLY WITH RETROACTIVE EFFECT. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IS URGED TO CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISER.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We have entered into a sales agreement with B. Riley Securities, Canaccord, Cantor, Citigroup, Compass Point, Macquarie Capital and Roth Capital Partners, under which we may offer and sell our ordinary shares from time to time through or to B. Riley Securities, Canaccord, Cantor, Citigroup, Compass Point, Macquarie Capital and Roth Capital Partners each acting as agent or principal (each a “sales agent” and collectively, the “sales agents”) in an amount not to exceed the lesser of the amount registered on an effective registration statement and for which we have filed a prospectus, and the amount authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under the sales agreement by the Board or a duly authorized committee thereof. As a result, we may increase the amount of ordinary shares that may be sold from time to time pursuant to the sales agreement.
Pursuant to this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus, we may offer and sell our ordinary shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $1,000,000,000 of our ordinary shares from time to time through or to the sales agents, as agent or principal. Sales of our ordinary shares, if any, under this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus will be made by any method that is deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act.
Each time we wish to issue and sell ordinary shares under the sales agreement, we will notify a sales agent of the number of ordinary shares to be sold, the time period during which such sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number of ordinary shares to be sold in any one day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made. Once we have so instructed such sales agent, unless the sales agent decline in writing to accept the terms of such notice, such sales agent has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell such ordinary shares up to the amount specified on such terms. We have no obligation to sell any ordinary shares under the sales agreement. The obligations of the sales agents under the sales agreement to sell our ordinary shares are subject to a number of conditions that we must meet.
The settlement of sales of our ordinary shares between us and the sales agents is generally anticipated to occur on the first trading day following the date on which the sale was made. Sales of our ordinary shares as contemplated in this prospectus supplement will be settled through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company or by such other means as we and the sales agents may agree upon. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in an escrow, trust or similar arrangement.
We will pay the sales agents a commission equal to 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds we receive from each sale of our ordinary shares. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us are not determinable at this time. Except as we and the sales agents otherwise agree, we will reimburse the sales agents for the fees and disbursements of their counsel, payable upon execution of the sales agreement, in an amount not to exceed $60,000, in addition to certain ongoing disbursements of their legal counsel unless we and the sales agents otherwise agree. We estimate that the total expenses for the offering, excluding any commissions or expense reimbursement payable to the sales agents under the terms of the sales agreement, will be approximately $1,000,000. The remaining proceeds, after deducting any other transaction fees, will equal our net proceeds from the sale of our ordinary shares in this offering.
The sales agents will provide written confirmation to us as soon as practicable after the close on Nasdaq on each day on which ordinary shares are sold under the sales agreement. Each confirmation will include the number of ordinary shares sold on that day, the aggregate gross proceeds of such sales and the proceeds to us.
In connection with the sale of ordinary shares on our behalf, each sales agent will be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and the compensation of the sales agents will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have agreed to indemnify the sales agents against certain liabilities, including civil liabilities under the Securities Act. We have also agreed to contribute to payments the sales agents may be required to make in respect of such liabilities.
The offering of our ordinary shares pursuant to the sales agreement can be terminated at the option of the sales agents and/or the Company as permitted therein.
This summary of the material provisions of the sales agreement does not purport to be a complete statement of its terms and conditions. A copy of the sales agreement is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement forms a part.
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Certain sales agents and their respective affiliates have in the past and may in the future provide various investment banking, commercial banking, financial advisory and other financial services for us and our affiliates, for which services they have received or may in the future receive customary fees. To the extent required by Regulation M under the Exchange Act, none of the sales agents will engage in any market-making activities involving our ordinary shares while the offering is ongoing under this prospectus supplement.
A prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus in electronic format may be made available on a website maintained by each sales agent, and each sales agent may distribute the prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus electronically. The address of B. Riley Securities is 299 Park Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10171. The address of Canaccord is 1 Post Office Square, 30th, Floor, Boston, MA 02109. The address of Cantor is 110 E 59th St., 6th Floor New York, NY 10022. The address of Citigroup is 388 Greenwich Street, New York, New York, 10013. The address of Compass Point is 1055 Thomas Jefferson Street NW, Suite 303, Washington, DC 20007. The address of Macquarie Capital is 660 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10103. The address of Roth Capital Partners is 888 San Clemente Drive, Newport Beach, California 92660.
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LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of certain securities and certain other matters with respect to Australian law will be passed upon for us by Clifford Chance LLP, located at Level 24, 10 Carrington Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia. The validity of certain securities and certain matters with respect to U.S. federal and New York State law will be passed upon for us by Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, located at 450 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10017. The sales agents are represented in connection with this offering by Duane Morris LLP, located at 1540 Broadway, New York, New York 10036.
EXPERTS
The audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 ‎incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and elsewhere in the registration statement have been so incorporated by reference in reliance on the report of Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton LLP, independent registered ‎public accountants, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The audited consolidated financial statements in respect of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, 2021 and 2020 ‎incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and elsewhere in the registration statement have been so incorporated by reference in reliance on the report of Armanino LLP, independent registered ‎public accountants, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.‎
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a “shelf” registration statement (including amendments and exhibits to the registration statement) on Form F-3 under the Securities Act. This prospectus supplement, which is part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. For further information, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as part of the registration statement. If a document has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, we refer you to the copy of the document that has been filed. Each statement in this prospectus relating to a document filed as an exhibit is qualified in all respects by the filed exhibit.
In addition, we file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. We are allowed four months following the end of our fiscal year to file our annual report with the SEC instead of approximately three, and we are not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that is required from U.S. domestic issuers. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently as companies that are not foreign private issuers whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. Also, as a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules of the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing of proxy statements to shareholders, and our senior management, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
As a foreign private issuer, we also are exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups of investors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are still subject to the anti-fraud and anti-manipulation rules of the SEC, such as Rule 10b-5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by other U.S. domestic reporting companies, our shareholders, potential shareholders and the investing public in general should not expect to receive information about us in the same amount, and at the same time, as information is received from, or provided by, other U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC which do apply to us as a foreign private issuer.
Our SEC filings, including the registration statement, are available to you on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. This site contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. We also maintain a website at https://iren.com. Through our website, we make available, free of charge, our annual reports and other information as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not part of, and is not incorporated by reference into, this prospectus.
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INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The rules of the SEC allow us to incorporate information into this prospectus by reference, which means that we disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus supplement. This prospectus supplement incorporates by reference the documents listed below:
•
our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on August 28, 2024;
•
our Reports on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on September 16, 2024 (other than the information contained in the press release furnished as Exhibit 99.1 thereto), September 23, 2024 (other than the information contained in the press release furnished as Exhibit 99.1 thereto), November 26, 2024 (other than the information contained in the press release furnished as Exhibit 99.1 and the management presentation furnished as Exhibit 99.2 thereto), November 29, 2024, December 4, 2024 and December 6, 2024 (only with respect to the second Report on Form 6-K filed on such date); and
•
the description of our share capital contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A dated November 16, 2021 (File No. 001-41072) filed under the Exchange Act, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.
Any statement made in this prospectus supplement or in a document incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus supplement to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus supplement modifies or supersedes that statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute part of this prospectus supplement.
All subsequent annual reports on Form 20-F, Form 40-F or Form 10-K that we file with the SEC and all subsequent filings on Forms 10-Q and 8-K filed by us with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act (excluding, in each case, any information or documents deemed to be furnished and not filed with the SEC), after the date hereof and prior to the termination or expiration of the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement forms a part, shall be incorporated by reference. We may incorporate by reference any reports on Form 6-K that we furnish to the SEC that we specifically identify in such form or in any applicable prospectus supplement as being incorporated by reference into this prospectus or such prospectus supplement (i) after the filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement forms a part and prior to the effectiveness of such registration statement and (ii) after the date of this prospectus supplement and prior to the completion of an offering of securities under this prospectus supplement.
You can obtain any of the filings incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement through us or from the SEC through the SEC’s website at https://www.sec.gov. We will provide, without charge, to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a copy of this prospectus supplement is delivered, upon written or oral request of such person, a copy of any or all of the reports or documents referred to above which have been or may be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement. You should direct all requests for those documents to:
IREN Limited
Level 6, 55 Market Street
Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia
+61 2 7906 8301
ir@iren.com
We maintain a website at https://iren.com The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not part of, and is not incorporated by reference into, this prospectus supplement.
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IREN Limited
(d/b/a IREN)
 
Up to $1,000,000,000
 
Ordinary Shares
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
B. Riley Securities
 
 
Canaccord Genuity
 
 
Cantor
 
 
Citigroup
 
 
Compass Point
 
 
Macquarie Capital
 
 
Roth Capital Partners
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
January 21, 2025
 

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PART II
 
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS
Item 8.
Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Our Constitution, which is filed as an exhibit to this registration statement, provides for indemnification of the officers and directors to the full extent permitted by applicable law.
In addition, we have entered into agreements to indemnify our directors and executive officers containing provisions, which are in some respects broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in our Constitution. The indemnification agreements require us, among other things, to indemnify such persons against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, liabilities, fines and settlement amounts incurred by any such person in actions or proceedings, including actions by us or in our right, that may arise by reason of their status or service as our director or executive officer and to advance expenses incurred by them in connection with any such proceedings.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Company, the Company has been advised that, in the opinion of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
Item 9.
Exhibits
The exhibit index attached hereto is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 10.
Undertakings
The undersigned hereby undertakes:
(a)
to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(1)
to include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(2)
to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of this registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Filing Fee Tables” table in the effective registration statement; and
(3)
to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1), (a)(2) and (a)(3) of this section do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-3 or Form F-3 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
(b)
that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof;
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(c)
to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering;
(d)
to file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A of Form 20-F at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act need not be furnished, provided that the registrant includes in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph (d) and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to registration statements on Form F-3, a post-effective amendment need not be filed to include financial statements and information required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act or Item 8.A of Form 20-F if such financial statements and information are contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the Form F-3;
(e)
that, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:
(1)
each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(2)
each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; and
(f)
that, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(1)
any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(2)
any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
(3)
the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
(4)
any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser;
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The undersigned hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer, or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless, in the opinion of its counsel, the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under Section 310(a) of the Trust Indenture Act (“Trust Indenture Act”) in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.
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EXHIBIT INDEX
The following documents are filed as part of this registration statement:
 
 
 
 
Exhibit No.
 
 
Description
1.1*
 
 
Form of Underwriting Agreement
1.2+#
 
 
At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, dated as of January 21, 2025, between IREN Limited and B. Riley Securities, Inc., Canaccord Genuity LLC, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Compass Point Research & Trading, LLC, Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc. and Roth Capital Partners, LLC
4.1
 
 
Constitution of the Registrant, as currently in effect (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Report on Form 6-K (File No. 000-41072) filed with the SEC on November 29, 2024)
4.2
 
 
Certificate of Registration on Change of Name and Conversion to a Public Company dated October 7, 2021 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-260488) filed with the SEC on October 25, 2021)
4.3
 
 
Form of Indenture (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-274500) filed with the SEC on September 13, 2023)
4.4*
 
 
Form of Note 
4.5*
 
 
Form of Warrant Agreement
4.6*
 
 
Form of Subscription Rights Agreement
4.7*
 
 
Form of Purchase Contract
4.8*
 
 
Form of Unit Agreement
5.1
 
 
Opinion of Clifford Chance LLP, Australian counsel of IREN Limited
5.2
 
 
Opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, U.S. counsel of IREN Limited
23.1
 
 
Consent of Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton LLP, independent registered public accounting firm
23.2
 
 
Consent of Armanino LLP, independent registered public accounting firm
23.3
 
 
Consent of Clifford Chance LLP, Australian counsel of IREN Limited (included in Exhibit 5.1)
23.4
 
 
Consent of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, U.S. counsel of IREN Limited (included in Exhibit 5.2)
24.1
 
 
Powers of attorney (included on signature page to the registration statement)
25.1†
 
 
Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1
107
 
 
Filing fee table
 
 
 
 
*
To be filed by amendment or as an exhibit to a document to be incorporated by reference herein in connection with an offering of the offered securities.
+
Schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule and/or exhibit will be furnished to the SEC upon request.
#
Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) because they are both (i) not material and (ii) contain personal information.
†
To be filed in accordance with the requirements of Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Sydney, Australia on January 21, 2025.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IREN Limited
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
 
/s/ Daniel Roberts
 
 
 
 
 
 
Name:
 
 
Daniel Roberts
 
 
 
 
 
 
Title:
 
 
Co-Chief Executive Officer and Director
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
 
/s/ William Roberts
 
 
 
 
 
 
Name:
 
 
William Roberts
 
 
 
 
 
 
Title:
 
 
Co-Chief Executive Officer and Director
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Daniel Roberts and William Roberts and each of them, individually, as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead in any and all capacities, in connection with this registration statement, including to sign in the name and on behalf of the undersigned, this registration statement and any and all amendments thereto, including post-effective amendments and registrations filed pursuant to Rule 462 under the Securities Act, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto such attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and as of the dates indicated.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Signature
 
 
Title
 
 
Date
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Daniel Roberts
 
 
Co-Chief Executive Officer and Director
 
 
January 21, 2025
Daniel Roberts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ William Roberts
 
 
Co-Chief Executive Officer and Director
 
 
January 21, 2025
William Roberts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Belinda Nucifora
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
January 21, 2025
Belinda Nucifora
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ David Bartholomew
 
 
Chair
 
 
January 21, 2025
David Bartholomew
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Christopher Guzowski
 
 
Director
 
 
January 21, 2025
Christopher Guzowski
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Michael Alfred
 
 
Director
 
 
January 21, 2025
Michael Alfred
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Sunita Parasuraman
 
 
Director
 
 
January 21, 2025
Sunita Parasuraman
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED U.S. REPRESENTATIVE OF REGISTRANT
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of IREN Limited has signed this registration statement on January 21, 2025.
 
Cogency Global Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Authorized Representative
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
 
/s/ Colleen A. De Vries
 
 
 
 
 
 
Name:
 
 
Colleen A. De Vries
 
 
 
 
 
 
Title:
 
 
Sr. Vice President on behalf of Cogency Global Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
II-6
Exhibit 1.2

Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by [***], has been omitted because IREN Limited (the “Company”) has determined that the information (i) is not material and (ii) contains personal information.

IREN LIMITED
Ordinary Shares
(no par value per share)

At Market Issuance Sales Agreement

January 21, 2025

B. Riley Securities, Inc.
299 Park Avenue, 21st Floor
New York, NY 10171

Canaccord Genuity LLC
1 Post Office Square
30th Floor
Boston, MA 02109

Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.
110 E 59th St., 6th Floor
New York, NY 10022

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
388 Greenwich Street
New York, New York, 10013

Compass Point Research & Trading, LLC
1055 Thomas Jefferson Street NW, Suite 303
Washington, DC 20007

Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc.
660 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10103

Roth Capital Partners, LLC
888 San Clemente Drive, Suite 400
Newport Beach, CA 92660

Ladies and Gentlemen:

IREN Limited, a corporation existing under the laws of Australia (the “Company”), confirms its agreement (this “Agreement”) with B. Riley Securities, Inc. (“B. Riley Securities”), Canaccord Genuity LLC (“Canaccord”), Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”), Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (“Citigroup”), Compass Point Research & Trading, LLC (“Compass Point”), Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc. (“Macquarie Capital”) and Roth Capital Partners, LLC (“Roth”; each of B. Riley Securities, Canaccord, Cantor, Citigroup, Compass Point, Macquarie Capital and Roth individually an “Agent” and collectively, the “Agents”) as follows:

1. Issuance and Sale of Shares. The Company agrees that, from time to time during the term of this Agreement, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, it may issue and sell through the Agents, acting as sales agent, or to the Agents, acting as principal, ordinary shares of the Company, no par value per share (the “Ordinary Shares”, and such Ordinary Shares to be offered hereby, the  “Placement Shares”); provided however, that in no event shall the Company issue or sell through or to the Agents, as applicable, Placement Shares on any Trading Day (as defined herein) that would exceed the lesser of (a) the number of shares or dollar amount of Ordinary Shares registered on the then effective Registration Statement (as defined below) pursuant to which the offering is being made, taking into account the aggregate number of shares or aggregate dollar amount of Ordinary Shares previously sold pursuant to such Registration Statement, (b) the number of shares or dollar amount for which the Company has then filed a Prospectus (as defined below), pursuant to which the offering is being made and relating to such Prospectus, taking into account the aggregate number of shares or dollar amount of Ordinary Shares previously sold pursuant to such Prospectus, or (c) the amount authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under this Agreement by the Company’s board of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive committee that remain unsold as of such Trading Day (the lesser of (a), (b) or (c) the “Maximum Amount”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties hereto agree that compliance with the limitations set forth in this Section 1 on the number or dollar amount of Placement Shares issued and sold under this Agreement shall be the sole responsibility of the Company and that the Agents shall have no obligation in connection with such compliance, provided that the Designated Agent (as defined below) complies with parameters set forth by the Company in any Placement Notice (as defined below) issued to such Designated Agent. The issuance and sale of Placement Shares through or to the Agents, as applicable, will be effected pursuant to the Registration Statement (as defined below), although nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as requiring the Company to use the Registration Statement to issue any Placement Shares.

The Company shall file, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “Securities Act”), with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”), a registration statement on Form F-3, including a base prospectus, relating to certain securities including the Placement Shares to be issued from time to time by the Company, and which incorporates by reference documents that the Company has filed or will file in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “Exchange Act”). The Company has prepared a prospectus supplement included as part of such registration statement specifically relating to the Placement Shares (the “ATM Prospectus Supplement”) and shall, if necessary, prepare a prospectus supplement to the base prospectus included as part of such registration statement specifically relating to the Placement Shares (any such prospectus supplement, a “Prospectus Supplement”). The Company will furnish to the Agents, for use by the Agents, electronic copies of the ATM Prospectus Supplement, as supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, if any, relating to the Placement Shares; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to furnish any document to the Agents to the extent such document is available on its Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval System or if applicable, the Interactive Data Electronic Application system when used by the Commission (collectively, “EDGAR”). Except where the context otherwise requires, such registration statement and any subsequent registration statement on Form F-3 filed pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act by the Company to cover any Placement Shares, and any post-effective amendment thereto, including all documents filed as part thereof or incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference therein, and including any information contained in a Prospectus (as defined below) subsequently filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act or deemed to be a part of such registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B of the Securities Act, as from time to time amended or supplemented, is herein called the “Registration Statement.” The base prospectus constitutes part of the Registration Statement, including all documents incorporated or deemed incorporated therein by reference to the extent such information has not been superseded or modified in accordance with Rule 412 under the Securities Act (as qualified by Rule 430B(g) of the Securities Act), included in the Registration Statement, together with the ATM Prospectus Supplement and Prospectus Supplement, if any, in the form in which such base prospectus, ATM Prospectus Supplement and/or Prospectus Supplement have most recently been filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, as from time to time amended or supplemented, is herein called the “Prospectus.” Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein, and any reference herein to the terms “amend,” “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing after the execution hereof of any document under the Exchange Act on or after the most recent effective date of the Registration Statement, or the date of the Prospectus, the ATM Prospectus Supplement, any other Prospectus Supplement, or such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as the case may be, with the Commission and deemed to be incorporated by reference therein (the “Incorporated Documents”).

For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or to any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to include the most recent copy filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Company is under no obligation to sell to an Agent or any of the Agents’ respective affiliates, and no Agent nor any of its affiliates shall purchase or acquire, any Ordinary Shares under this Agreement, where, following such acquisition, such Agent or Agent’s affiliate would hold 20% or more of the total issued share capital of the Company or would otherwise acquire any direct interest or substantial interest (as applicable, and in each case, as defined in the Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 (Cth)) in Ordinary Shares or a relevant interest (as defined in the Corporations Act) in Ordinary Shares which results in its voting power (as defined in the Corporations Act) exceeding 20% in relation to the Company in contravention of the takeovers prohibition in section 606 of the Corporations Act.
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2. Placements. Following effectiveness of the Registration Statement, each time that the Company wishes to issue and sell Placement Shares hereunder (each, a “Placement”), it will notify an Agent, chosen at the Company’s sole discretion for purposes of such issuance and sale (the “Designated Agent”) by electronic mail (or other method mutually agreed to in writing by the parties) of the number of Placement Shares, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number of Placement Shares that may be sold in any one day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made (a “Placement Notice”), the form of which is attached hereto as Schedule 1. The Placement Notice shall originate from any of the individuals from the Company set forth on Schedule 3 (with a copy to each of the other individuals from the Company listed on such schedule), and shall be addressed to each of the individuals from the Designated Agent set forth on Schedule 3, as such Schedule 3 may be amended from time to time. The Placement Notice shall be effective immediately upon delivery to the Designated Agent unless and until the earliest of the following occurs: (i) the Designated Agent declines in writing, by any means provided for under Section 13, to accept the terms contained therein for any reason, in its sole discretion; (ii) the entire amount of the Placement Shares thereunder has been sold; (iii) the Company suspends or terminates the Placement Notice, which suspension and termination rights may be exercised by the Company in its sole discretion at any time; and (iv) this Agreement has been terminated under the provisions of Section 12. The Compensation (as defined below) to be paid by the Company to the Designated Agent in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares through the Designated Agent acting as sales agent or principal pursuant to this Agreement shall be calculated in accordance with the terms set forth in Schedule 2.  It is expressly acknowledged and agreed that neither the Company nor the Designated Agent will have any obligation whatsoever with respect to a Placement or any Placement Shares unless and until the Company delivers a Placement Notice to the Designated Agent and the Designated Agent does not decline such Placement Notice, or such Placement Notice is otherwise no longer effective, in each case, pursuant to the terms set forth above, and then only upon the terms specified therein and herein. In the event of a conflict between the terms of Sections 2 or 3 of this Agreement and the terms of a Placement Notice, the terms of the Placement Notice will prevail.

3. Sale of Placement Shares by the Agents.  Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, and unless the terms of a Placement Notice and the sale of the Placement Shares described therein has been declined, suspended, or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, for the period specified in a Placement Notice, the Designated Agent will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of the Nasdaq Global Select Market (the “Exchange”), to sell  the Placement Shares up to the amount specified in, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of, such Placement Notice. The Designated Agent will provide written confirmation to the Company (including by email correspondence to all the individuals from the Company set forth on Schedule 3) as soon as practicable after the closing, but by no later than 5:30 p.m., New York City time, of the Trading Day (as defined below) on which it has made sales of Placement Shares hereunder setting forth the number of Placement Shares sold on such day, the Compensation payable with respect to such sales through the Designated Agent acting as sales agent pursuant to this Agreement, and the Net Proceeds (as defined below) payable to the Company, with an itemization of the deductions made by the Designated Agent (as strictly set forth in Section 5(b)) from the gross proceeds that it receives from such sales. Subject to the terms of a Placement Notice, the Designated Agent may sell Placement Shares by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act.  For purposes hereof, “Trading Day” means any day on which Ordinary Shares are purchased and sold on the Exchange.  Except as provided for in Section 7(h) herein, nothing herein restricts, prohibits or limits the ability of the Company from engaging in any other transaction, including but not limited to an underwritten public offering of the Ordinary Shares or related to the Company’s securities.
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4. Suspension of Sales. The Company or the Designated Agent may, upon notice to the other party in writing (including by email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3, if receipt of such correspondence is actually acknowledged by any of the individuals to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by telephone (confirmed immediately by verifiable facsimile transmission or email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3), suspend any sale of Placement Shares (a “Suspension”); provided, however, that such suspension shall not affect or impair any party’s obligations with respect to any Placement Shares sold hereunder prior to the receipt of such notice. While a Suspension is in effect, any obligation under Sections 7(l), 7(m), and 7(n) with respect to the delivery of certificates, opinions, or comfort letters to the Agents, shall be waived. Each of the parties agrees that no such notice under this Section 4 shall be effective against any other party unless it is made to all of the individuals named on Schedule 3 hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time in accordance with Section 17 herein.

5. Sale and Delivery to the Designated Agent; Settlement.

a. Sale of Placement Shares. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) there can be no assurance that the Designated Agent will be successful in selling Placement Shares, (ii) the Designated Agent will incur no liability or obligation to the Company or any other person or entity if it does not sell Placement Shares for any reason other than a failure by the Designated Agent to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of the Exchange to sell such Placement Shares as required under this Agreement and (iii) the Designated Agent shall be under no obligation to purchase Placement Shares on a principal basis pursuant to this Agreement, except as otherwise agreed by the Designated Agent and the Company. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement, if a Designated Agent shall agree to purchase any Placement Shares on a principal basis pursuant to this Agreement and the terms set forth in the applicable Placement Notice, and such Designated Agent shall accept the terms of the Placement Notice with respect thereto, then (i) upon such acceptance, such Placement Notice shall be final and binding and may no longer be declined by such Designated Agent pursuant to any other provision of this Agreement (including, without limitation, Section 2 and Section 3 hereof), and (ii) such Designated Agent shall be obligated to purchase such Placement Shares in accordance with this Agreement and the terms set forth in the applicable Placement Notice (or as otherwise agreed in writing by the Company and such Designated Agent).

b. Settlement of Placement Shares. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Placement Notice, settlement for sales of Placement Shares will occur on the first (1st) Trading Day (or such earlier day as is industry practice for regular-way trading and agreed by the parties hereto) following the date on which such sales are made (each, a “Settlement Date”). The Designated Agent shall notify the Company in writing of each sale of Placement Shares as soon as practicable after the closing, but by no later than 5:30 p.m., New York City time, on the Trading Day on which the Designated Agent sold Placement Shares. The amount of proceeds to be delivered to the Company on a Settlement Date against receipt of the Placement Shares sold through the Designated Agent acting as sales agent pursuant to this Agreement (the “Net Proceeds”) will be equal to the aggregate sales price received by the Designated Agent, after deduction for (i) the Designated Agent’s Compensation for such sales through the Designated Agent acting as sales agent payable by the Company pursuant to Section 2 hereof, and (ii) any transaction fees (pre-approved by the Company in writing)  imposed by any governmental or self-regulatory organization in respect of such sales.
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c. Delivery of Placement Shares. On or before each Settlement Date, subject to delivery of the related Net Proceeds by the Designated Agent of the Company, the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, electronically transfer the Placement Shares being sold by crediting the Designated Agent’s or its designee’s account (provided the Designated Agent shall have given the Company written notice of such designee and such designee’s account information at least one Trading Day prior to the Settlement Date) at The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto which in all cases shall be freely tradable, transferable, registered shares in good deliverable form. On each Settlement Date, the Designated Agent will deliver the related Net Proceeds in same day funds to an account designated by the Company on, or prior to, the Settlement Date. If the Company, or its transfer agent (if applicable), defaults in its obligation to deliver Placement Shares on a Settlement Date through no fault of the Designated Agent, then (i) the Designated Agent shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to (1) purchase Ordinary Shares in normal brokerage transactions at fair prevailing prices to deliver in satisfaction of the Company’s obligation to deliver the relevant Placement Shares on such Settlement Date that the Designated Agent anticipated receiving from the Company on such Settlement Date and (2) extend settlement and otherwise minimize any loss, claim, damage or expense arising in connection with such failure to deliver the Placement Shares, and (ii) in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in Section 10(a) hereto, the Company agrees that it will, without duplication (A) pay to the Designated Agent an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the Ordinary Shares purchased pursuant to clause (i) above, if any, over the total gross proceeds from the sale of the relevant Placement Shares on such Settlement Date; (B) solely to the extent the Designated Agent has complied with its obligations under clause (i) above, hold harmless against any loss, claim, damage, or reasonable, documented expense (including reasonable and documented legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Company or its transfer agent (if applicable) and (C) pay to the Designated Agent (without duplication) any Compensation to which it would otherwise have been entitled absent such default.

d. Limitations on Offering Size. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares if, after giving effect to the sale of such Placement Shares, the sale of such Placement Shares would exceed the then applicable Maximum Amount.

e. Sales Through Agents. The Company agrees that it will only submit a Placement Notice to sell Placement Shares through an Agent, and only a single Agent, on any single given Trading Day, and in no event shall the Company request that more than one Agent sell Placement Shares on the same Trading Day; provided that if: (i) any applicable Agent declines to accept the terms contained in such Placement Notice or fails to sell the entire amount of the Placement Shares to be sold thereunder on any Trading Day; or (ii) the Company suspends or terminates such Placement Notice (in its sole discretion or otherwise in accordance with the terms hereof, for any reason), then in any such case the Company may submit an additional Placement Notice to sell Placement Shares through another Agent on such Trading Day.
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6. Representations and Warranties of the Company.  Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus, the Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with each of the Agents that as of the date of this Agreement and as of each Applicable Time (as defined herein), unless such representation, warranty or agreement specifies a different date or time:

a. Registration Statement and Prospectus. Assuming no act or omission on the part of any Agent that would make this statement untrue, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement meet the requirements for and comply with the conditions for the use of Form F‑3 under the Securities Act. The Registration Statement has been filed with the Commission and has been declared effective, or will have been filed and been declared effective or otherwise become effective prior to issuance of the first Placement Notice by the Company, by the Commission under the Securities Act at each Applicable Time. The Prospectus will name each of the Agents as the agents in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.” The Company has not received, and has no notice of, any order of the Commission preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement, or threatening or instituting proceedings for that purpose. The Registration Statement and the offer and sale of Placement Shares as contemplated hereby meet the requirements of Rule 415 under the Securities Act and comply in all material respects with said Rule. Any statutes, regulations, contracts or other documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement have been so described or filed, as applicable. Copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and any such amendments or supplements and all documents incorporated by reference therein that were filed with the Commission on or prior to the date of this Agreement have been delivered, or are available through EDGAR, to the Agents and their counsel. The Ordinary Shares are currently quoted on the Exchange under the trading symbol “IREN.” The Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from the Exchange to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of the Exchange. To the Company’s knowledge, it is in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements in all material respects .

b. No Misstatement or Omission. The Registration Statement, as of its effective date, did not or will not, as applicable, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Prospectus and any amendment and supplement thereto, on the date thereof and at each Applicable Time, did not or will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The documents incorporated by reference in the Prospectus did not, and any further documents filed and incorporated by reference therein will not, when filed with the Commission, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated in such document or necessary to make the statements in such document, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The foregoing shall not apply to, and the Company neither makes nor shall make any representation or warranty in respect of, statements in, or omissions from, any such document made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Company by an Agent specifically for use in the preparation thereof. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and as of each Applicable Time, did not, does not and will not, through the completion of the Placement or Placements for which such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus is issued, include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any incorporated document deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified. The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Agents specifically for use therein.

c. Conformity with Securities Act and Exchange Act. The Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, and the Incorporated Documents, when such documents were or are filed with the Commission under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or became or become effective under the Securities Act, as the case may be, conformed or will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable.
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d. Organization, Good Standing and Power. The Company and any subsidiary that is a significant subsidiary (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Commission) (each, a “Subsidiary,” collectively, the “Subsidiaries”) have been duly organized and are validly existing and in good standing (to the extent such concept is applicable) under the laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization, are duly qualified to do business and are in good standing (to the extent such concept is applicable) in each jurisdiction in which their respective ownership or lease of property or the conduct of their respective businesses requires such qualification, and have all power and authority necessary to own or hold their respective properties and to conduct the businesses in which they are engaged, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the business, properties, management, financial position, shareholders’ equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole  or on the performance by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement (a “Material Adverse Effect”).

e. Subsidiaries. The Company owns directly or indirectly, all of the equity interests of the Subsidiaries free and clear of any lien, charge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal or other restriction, and all the equity interests of the Subsidiaries are validly issued and are fully paid, nonassessable and free of preemptive and similar rights. The Company does not own or control, directly or indirectly, any corporation, association or other entity other than the subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 8.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the most recently ended fiscal year and other than (i) those subsidiaries not required to be listed on Exhibit 8.1 by Item 601 of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act and (ii) those subsidiaries formed since the last day of the most recently ended fiscal year.

f. Authorization, Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and perform the transactions contemplated hereby and to issue the Placement Shares in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary corporate action, and no further consent or authorization of the Company, its Board of Directors or its shareholders is required. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and constitutes a valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation, conservatorship, receivership or similar laws relating to, or affecting generally the enforcement of, creditor’s rights and remedies or by other equitable principles of general application (including any limitation of equitable remedies).

g. F-3 Eligibility.  (i) At the time of filing the Registration Statement and (ii) at the time of the most recent amendment thereto for the purposes of complying with Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act (whether such amendment was by post-effective amendment, incorporated report filed pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act or form of prospectus), the Company met the then applicable requirements for use of Form F-3 under the Securities Act, including compliance with General Instruction I.B.1 of Form F-3, as applicable.
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h. Capitalization. The Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as of the dates set forth therein; all the outstanding capital shares of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued and are fully paid (other than any Ordinary Shares issued pursuant to this Agreement which have not yet settled pursuant to Section 5(b)) and non-assessable and are not subject to any pre-emptive or similar rights other than as have been waived, in each case except (1) as described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or (2) as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect; except as described in or expressly contemplated by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus as of the dates set forth therein or as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, there are no outstanding rights (including pre-emptive rights), warrants or options to acquire, or instruments convertible into or exchangeable for, any capital shares or other equity interest in the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any contract, commitment, agreement, understanding or arrangement of any kind relating to the issuance of any capital shares of the Company or any such Subsidiary, any such convertible or exchangeable securities or any such rights, warrants or options; the capital shares of the Company conform in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus as of the dates set forth therein; and all the outstanding capital shares or other equity interests of each subsidiary owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned directly or indirectly by the Company, free and clear of any lien, charge, encumbrance, security interest, restriction on voting or transfer or any other claim of any third party, except (1) as described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or (2) as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.

i. Issuance of Placement Shares. The Placement Shares, when issued and delivered pursuant to the terms approved by the Board of Directors of the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof, or a duly authorized executive committee, against payment received therefor, and settled, in each case, as provided herein (including pursuant to Section 5(b)), will be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim (other than any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim arising from an act or omission of an Agent or a purchaser or arising under any applicable securities laws), including any statutory or contractual preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights, and will be registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act. The Placement Shares, when issued, will conform in all material respects to the description thereof set forth in or incorporated into the Prospectus.

j. No Violation or Default.  Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is (i) in violation of its charter or by-laws or similar organizational documents; (ii) in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or to which any property or asset of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is subject; or (iii) in violation of any Australian, U.S. or other law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority or body having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries or their properties, except, in the case of clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) above, (1) as described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or (2) for any such default or violation that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
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k. No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby will not (i) conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, result in the termination, modification or acceleration of, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property, right or asset of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or to which any property, right or asset of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is subject, (ii) result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or by-laws or similar organizational documents of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (iii) result in the violation of any Australian, U.S. law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority or body having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or their properties, except, in the case of clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) above, (1) as described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or (2) for any such conflict, breach, violation, default, lien, charge or encumbrance that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

l. No Consents Required. No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority is required for execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, except for the registration of the Securities under the Securities Act and such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders and registrations or qualifications as may be required by FINRA and under applicable state securities laws.

m. Financial Statements. The consolidated financial statements (including the related notes thereto) of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and present fairly the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results of their operations and the changes in their cash flows for the periods specified; such consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Boards (“IFRS”) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered thereby, and any supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus present fairly the information required to be stated therein; and the other financial information included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus has been derived from the accounting records of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries and presents fairly the information shown thereby; all disclosures included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus regarding “non-IFRS financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission) comply in all material respects with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act, to the extent applicable.

n. Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Company and its Subsidiaries maintain an effective system of “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) that complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act, as applicable to the Company, and that has been designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
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o. Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting. The Company and its Subsidiaries maintain systems of “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that comply, in all material respects,  with the requirements of the Exchange Act, as applicable to the Company, and have been designed by, or under the supervision of, their respective principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The Company and its Subsidiaries maintain internal accounting controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, there are no material weaknesses in the Company’s internal controls (it being understood that the Company is not required as of the date hereof to comply with Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (as defined below)). The Company’s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company have been advised of: (i) any significant deficiency and/or material weakness in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which have adversely affected or are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (ii) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.

p. Accountants. Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton LLP (the “Accountant”) whose report on certain of the consolidated financial statements of the Company is, or will be, filed with the Commission as part of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F, beginning with its Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 (the “2023 Form 20-F”), and Armanino LLP (the “Prior Accountant”), whose report on certain of the consolidated financial statements of the Company is filed with the Commission as part of the 2023 Form 20-F, are and, during the periods covered by their respective reports, were independent public accountants within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).

q. Sarbanes-Oxley Act. There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or, to the Knowledge of the Company, any of the Company’s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply with any applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

r. No Material Adverse Effect or Material Adverse Change. Since the date of the most recent financial statements of the Company included in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, (i) there has not been any material change in the share capital, short-term debt or long-term debt of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, set aside for payment, paid or made by the Company on any class of capital shares, or any material adverse change, or any development involving a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the business, properties, management, financial position, shareholders’ equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole; (ii) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has entered into any transaction or agreement (whether or not in the ordinary course of business) that is material to the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole or incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent, that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole; and (iii) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has sustained any loss or interference with its business that is material to the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole and that is either from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor disturbance or dispute or any action, order or decree of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, except in each case of (i), (ii), (iii), as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.
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s. Title To Assets. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, to the Company’s Knowledge the Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple (in the case of real property) to, or have valid rights to lease or otherwise use, all items of real and personal property that are material to the respective businesses of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, claims and defects and imperfections of title except those that (i) do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its Subsidiaries or (ii) could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.

t. Actions Pending. Except as described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, to the Company’s Knowledge there are no legal, governmental or regulatory investigations, actions, demands, claims, suits, arbitrations, inquiries or proceedings (“Actions”) pending to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may be a party or to which any property of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may be the subject that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; except as described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, no such Actions are, to the Company’s Knowledge, threatened or contemplated by any governmental or regulatory authority or threatened by others; and (i) there are no current or pending Actions that are required under the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that are not so described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus and (ii) there are no statutes, regulations or contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that are not so filed as exhibits to Registration Statement or the Prospectus or described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.

u. Compliance With Laws.  Except (i) where the failure to be, or to have been, in compliance with such Laws would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect and (ii) as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and its Subsidiaries are, and since the end of the Company’s most recent fiscal year have been, in compliance in all material respects with all applicable Laws.  Except where the failure to have or to comply would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, each of the Company and its Subsidiaries: (i) is in compliance in all material respects with all Laws applicable to its business, operations, and assets; and (ii) except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, has not received any written notice from any Governmental Authority of or been charged by any Governmental Authority with the violation of any applicable Law.

v. Certain Fees. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any contract, agreement or understanding with any person (other than this Agreement) that would give rise to a valid claim against any of them or the Agents for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or like payment in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except, solely with respect to the Company, any such commissions or fees as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

w. [Reserved]

x. Permits and Licenses. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and its Subsidiaries possess all licenses, sub-licenses, certificates, permits and other authorizations issued by, and have made all declarations and filings with, the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities that are necessary for the ownership or lease of their respective properties or the conduct of their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, except where the failure to possess or make the same would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; and except as described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received notice of any revocation or modification of any such license, sub-license, certificate, permit or authorization or has any reason to believe that any such license, sub-license, certificate, permit or authorization will not be renewed in the ordinary course.
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y. Intellectual Property. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or where the failure to have any of the following would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect: (i) the Company and its Subsidiaries own or have valid and enforceable rights to use all patents, trademarks, service marks, trade names, domain names and other source indicators, copyrights and copyrightable works, know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures) and all other similar intellectual property, industrial property and proprietary rights (including all registrations and applications for registration of, and all goodwill associated with, the foregoing) (collectively, “Intellectual Property”) used in or necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses and as proposed to be conducted; (ii) the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ conduct of their respective businesses has not infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated any Intellectual Property of any third party; (iii) the Company and its Subsidiaries have not received any written notice and are not otherwise aware of any pending or threatened claim alleging infringement, misappropriation or other violation of any Intellectual Property of any third party, or challenging the validity, enforceability, scope or ownership of any Intellectual Property of the Company or its Subsidiaries; (iv) to the Knowledge of the Company, no Intellectual Property owned by or exclusively licensed to the Company and its Subsidiaries has been infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated by any third party; (v) to the Knowledge of the Company, all Intellectual Property owned by or exclusively licensed to the Company and its Subsidiaries is valid and enforceable in all material respects; and (vi) the Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable steps in accordance with normal industry practice to maintain the confidentiality of all Intellectual Property, the value of which to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is contingent upon maintaining the confidentiality thereof.

z. Environmental Compliance. (i) The Company and each of its Subsidiaries (x) are and since the end of the Company’s most recent fiscal year have been in compliance with all, and have not violated any, applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws (including common law), rules, regulations, decisions, judgments, decrees, orders and other legally enforceable requirements relating to pollution, the protection of human health or safety, the environment, hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, chemicals, pollutants or contaminants (collectively, “Hazardous Substances”), or the protection of natural resources from Hazardous Substances (collectively, “Environmental Laws”); (y) have received and are and have been in compliance with all, and have not violated any, permits, licenses, certificates or other authorizations or approvals required of them under any Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and (z) have not received notice of any actual or potential liability or obligation under or relating to, or any actual or potential violation of, any Environmental Laws, including for the investigation or remediation of any Hazardous Substances, and have no Knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any such notice, liability, obligation or violation; and (ii) there are no costs, obligations or liabilities associated with Environmental Laws of or relating to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, except in the case of each of (i) and (ii) above, (1) as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or (2) for any such matter as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (iii) except as described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, (x) there is no proceeding that is pending, or to the Company’s Knowledge. that is contemplated, against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries under any Environmental Laws in which a governmental entity is also a party, other than such proceeding regarding which it is reasonably believed no monetary sanctions of $300,000 or more will be imposed, (y) the Company and its Subsidiaries are not aware of any facts or issues regarding compliance with Environmental Laws that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position of the Company and its Subsidiaries, and (z) none of the Company or its Subsidiaries anticipates any material capital expenditures relating to any Environmental Laws.

aa. Transactions With Affiliates. No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, shareholders, customers, suppliers or other affiliates of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, on the other, that is required by the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus and that is not so described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.
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bb. No Labor Disputes. No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries exists or, to the Knowledge of the Company, is contemplated or threatened, and the Company is not aware of any existing or imminent labor disturbance by, or dispute with, the employees of any of its or its Subsidiaries’ principal suppliers, contractors or customers, except (1) as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or (2) as would not have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice of cancellation or termination with respect to any collective bargaining agreement to which it is a party.

cc. Use of Proceeds. The proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares by the Company to the Agents shall be used by the Company and its Subsidiaries in the manner as will be set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.

dd. Investment Company Act Status. The Company is not, and will not be, either after giving effect to the receipt of gross proceeds from the offering and sale of the Placement Shares as contemplated by this Agreement or after the application thereof as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, required to register as an “investment company” as such term is defined in the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

ee. ERISA. (i) Each employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), sponsored, maintained or contributed to by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each, a “Plan”) has been maintained in compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to ERISA and the Code except for noncompliance that would not reasonably be expected to result in material liability to the Company; (ii) no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred with respect to any Plan, excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption or that would reasonably be expected to result in material liability to the Company; and (iii) none of the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has incurred or is reasonably expected to incur any liability under Title IV of ERISA in respect of any plan that is subject to Title IV of ERISA and that is sponsored, maintained or contributed to by (x) the Company or (y) any other entity that would be considered a single employer with the Company under Section 414 of the Code; except in each case with respect to the events or conditions set forth in (i) through (iii) hereof, (1) as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or (2) as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

ff. Taxes. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and its Subsidiaries have paid all Australian federal, state, local and foreign taxes and filed all tax returns required to be paid or filed through the date hereof except, in each case, where the failure to pay or file would not, individually or in the aggregate, cause a Material Adverse Effect; and except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, there is no tax deficiency that has been, or could reasonably be expected to be, asserted against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective properties or assets, except a tax deficiency that would not, individually or in the aggregate, cause a Material Adverse Effect.

gg. Insurance. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and the Subsidiaries have insurance covering their respective material properties, operations, personnel and businesses, which insurance is in amounts and insures against such losses and risks as are appropriate and commercially reasonable (including reference to standard industry practice) to protect the Company and the Subsidiaries and their respective businesses (which shall exclude business interruption insurance); and except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has (i) received notice from any insurer or agent of such insurer that capital improvements or other expenditures are required or necessary to be made in order to continue such insurance or (ii) to the Company’s Knowledge, any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage at reasonable cost from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business.

hh. Status Under the Securities Act. The Company was not and is not an ineligible issuer as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act at the times specified in Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act in connection with the offering of the Placement Shares.
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ii. Manipulation of Price. Neither the Company nor any of its officers and directors nor, to the Knowledge of the Company, its affiliates has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Ordinary Shares or of any “reference security” (as defined in Rule 100 of Regulation M under the Exchange Act (“Regulation M”)) with respect to the Ordinary Shares, whether to facilitate the sale or resale of the Placement Shares or otherwise, in each case that would violate Regulation M, and has taken no action which would directly or indirectly violate Regulation M.

jj. Listing and Maintenance Requirements; DTC Eligibility. The Ordinary Shares are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its Knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Ordinary Shares under the Exchange Act, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration. The Company has not received notice from the Trading Market to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of the Trading Market.

kk. No Unlawful Payments. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any director, officer or employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries nor, to the Knowledge of the Company, any agent, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has, in the past five years, (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) made or taken an act in furtherance of an offer, promise or authorization of any direct or indirect unlawful payment or benefit to any foreign or domestic government official or employee, including of any government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or any applicable law or regulation implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, or committed an offence under the Bribery Act 2010 of the United Kingdom or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law; or (iv) made, offered, agreed, requested or taken an act in furtherance of any unlawful bribe or other unlawful benefit, including any unlawful rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful or improper payment or benefit.

ll. Cybersecurity; Data Protection. The Company and its Subsidiaries’ information technology assets and equipment, computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases (including the data of their respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of the Company and its Subsidiaries) (collectively, “IT Systems”) are adequate for, and operate and perform in all material respects as required in connection with, the operation of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries and to the Knowledge of the Company are free and clear of all material bugs, errors, defects, Trojan horses, time bombs, malware and other corruptants. The Company and its Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable controls, policies, procedures, and safeguards designed to maintain and protect their material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and data (including all personal, personally identifiable, sensitive, confidential or regulated data (collectively, “Data”)) used in connection with their businesses. Without limiting the foregoing, the Company and its Subsidiaries have used commercially reasonable efforts to establish, maintain, implement and comply with reasonable information technology, information security, cyber security and data protection controls, policies and procedures, including oversight, access controls, encryption, technological and physical safeguards and business continuity/disaster recovery and security plans that are designed to protect against and prevent breach, destruction, loss, unauthorized distribution, use, access, disablement, misappropriation or modification, or other compromise or misuse of or relating to any information technology system or Data used in connection with the operation of the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ businesses (“Breach”) and, to the Knowledge of the Company, there has been no such Breach. The Company and its Subsidiaries have not been notified of and have no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any such Breach. This representation is limited in each case to the extent that such breach or non-compliance would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.
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mm. Privacy. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, to the Company’s Knowledge, the Company and its Subsidiaries have complied, and are presently in compliance, in all material respects, with all internal and external privacy policies, contractual obligations, industry standards, applicable laws, statutes, judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or other governmental or regulatory authority and any legal obligations regarding the collection, use, transfer, import, export, storage, protection, disposal and disclosure by the Company and its Subsidiaries of Data (“Data Security Obligations”). Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notification of or complaint regarding, or have Knowledge of any other facts that, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably indicate material non-compliance with any Data Security Obligation. There is no pending, or to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened, action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body pending or threatened alleging non-compliance with any Data Security Obligation. The Company and its Subsidiaries have at all times taken reasonable steps in accordance with industry standard practices to protect Data used in connection with their businesses against loss and against unauthorized access, use, modification, disclosure or other misuse, except in each case, (1) as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or (2) to the extent that the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or as would not individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect, there has been no unauthorized access to such information. To the extent applicable to the operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries, to the Company’s Knowledge, the Company and its Subsidiaries are in material compliance with the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (and all other laws and regulations applicable to the operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries with respect to Personal Data, and for which any non-compliance with the same would be reasonably likely to create a material liability), except in each case, (1) as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or (2) to the extent that the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

nn. Operations. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the applicable money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions where the Company or any of its Subsidiaries conducts business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Anti-Money Laundering Laws”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened.

oo. Margin Rules. Neither the issuance, sale and delivery of the Securities nor the application of the proceeds thereof by the Company as described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors.
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pp. No Conflicts with Sanctions Laws. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor, to the Knowledge of the Company, any of its directors, officers, employees, agents or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is currently the subject or, to the Knowledge of the Company, the target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. government, (including the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”) or the U.S. Department of State and including the designation as a “specially designated national” or “blocked person”), the United Nations Security Council (“UNSC”), the European Union, His Majesty’s Treasury (“HMT”) or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), nor is the Company or any of its Subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or target of Sanctions, including the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic, so-called Luhansk People’s Republic or any other Covered Region of Ukraine identified pursuant to Executive Order 14065, the Crimea region of Ukraine, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria (each, a “Sanctioned Country”); and the Company will not directly or knowingly indirectly use the proceeds of the offering of the Securities hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity (i) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject or target of Sanctions, in violation of Sanctions, (ii) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business in any Sanctioned Country, in violation of Sanctions, or (iii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions. For the past five years, the Company and its Subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in and are not now knowingly engaged in any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Country.

qq. No Restrictions on Subsidiaries. Except pursuant to any other financing arrangements the Company has entered into or may enter into from time to time and disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, no Subsidiary of the Company is currently prohibited, directly or indirectly, under any agreement or other instrument to which it is a party or is subject, from paying any dividends to the Company, from making any other distribution on such Subsidiary’s capital shares or similar ownership interest, from repaying to the Company any loans or advances to such Subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any of such Subsidiary’s properties or assets to the Company or any other Subsidiary of the Company except as would be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

rr. Broker/Dealer Relationships; FINRA Information.  Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries (i) is required to register as a “broker” or “dealer” in accordance with the provisions of the Exchange Act or (ii) directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is a “person associated with a member” or “associated person of a member” (within the meaning set forth in the FINRA Manual). All of the information provided to the Agents or to their counsel, specifically for use in connection with any filing with FINRA pursuant to FINRA Rule 5510 with regard to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, by the Company, and, to the Company’s Knowledge, by its counsel, its officers and directors and the holders of any securities (debt or equity) or options to acquire any securities of the Company, in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus is true, complete, correct and compliant with FINRA’s rules in all material respects. Any questionnaires relating to FINRA Rule 5110 provided to the Investor or to counsel for the Investor in connection with letters, filings or other supplemental information provided to FINRA pursuant to FINRA’s conduct rules are, to the Company’s Knowledge, true and correct in all material respects.

ss. Stamp Taxes. Provided no person, whether alone or together with associated/related persons or with otherwise unassociated persons as part of substantially one arrangement or acting in concert with other persons, acquires a 90% or more interest in the Company, no stamp duties or other issuance or transfer taxes are payable in Australia, or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof solely in connection with (A) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, (B) the issuance and delivery of the Placement Shares in the manner contemplated by this Agreement or (C) the sale and delivery of the Placement Shares as contemplated in this Agreement.
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tt. No Immunity. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or their properties or assets has immunity under Australian, U.S. federal or New York state law from any legal action, suit or proceeding, from the giving of any relief in any such legal action, suit or proceeding, from set-off or counterclaim, from the jurisdiction of any Australian, U.S. federal or New York state court, from service of process, attachment upon or prior to judgment, or attachment in aid of execution of judgment, or from execution of a judgment, or other legal process or proceeding for the giving of any relief or for the enforcement of a judgment, in any such court with respect to their respective obligations, liabilities or any other matter under or arising out of or in connection herewith; and, to the extent that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of its properties, assets or revenues may have or may hereafter become entitled to any such right of immunity in any such court in which proceedings arising out of, or relating to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, may at any time be commenced, the Company has, pursuant to Section 16 of this Agreement, waived, and it will waive, or will cause its Subsidiaries to waive, such right to the extent permitted by law.

uu. Enforcement of Foreign Judgments. Any final judgment for a fixed or determined sum of money rendered by any U.S. federal or New York state court located in the State of New York having jurisdiction under its own laws in respect of any suit, action or proceeding against the Company based upon this Agreement would be enforceable against the Company by the courts of Australia, without reconsideration or reexamination of the merits.

vv. Valid Choice of Law. The choice of laws of the State of New York as the governing law of this Agreement is a valid choice of law under the laws of Australia and will be recognized and upheld by the courts of Australia, subject to the restrictions described under the caption “Service of Process and Enforceability of Civil Liabilities” in the Initial Registration Statement, and other exceptions including but not limited to fraud, public policy, and natural justice. The Company has the power to submit, and pursuant to Section 18 and Section 19 of this Agreement, has legally, validly, effectively and irrevocably submitted, to the personal jurisdiction of each New York state and United States federal court sitting in the City of New York and has validly and irrevocably waived any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or proceeding brought in such court.

ww. Indemnification and Contribution. The indemnification and contribution provisions set forth in Article IX hereof do not contravene Australian law.

xx. Passive Foreign Investment Company. The Company does not believe that it was classified as a “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) as defined in Section 1297 of the Code based on the information available to the Company at the time of the filing of the Company’s most recent Form 20-F, for its most recently completed taxable year and, based on certain estimates of the Company’s gross income and the value of its assets, the intended use of proceeds from the offering and sale of the Securities and the nature of the Company’s business, the Company does not expect to be classified as a PFIC for the current taxable year.

yy. Legality. The legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, this Agreement or the Placement Shares in any jurisdiction in which the Company is organized or does business is not dependent upon such document being submitted into, filed or recorded with any court or other authority in any such jurisdiction on or before the date hereof or that any tax, imposition or charge be paid in any such jurisdiction on or in respect of any such document.

zz. Legal Action. Subject to the limitations described in Section 19 hereof, the Agents are entitled to sue as plaintiff in the court of the jurisdiction of formation and domicile of the Company for the enforcement of its rights under this Agreement and the Placement Shares and such access to such courts will not be subject to any conditions which are not applicable to residents of such jurisdiction or a company incorporated in such jurisdiction except that plaintiffs not residing in Australia may be required to guarantee payment of a possible order for payment of costs or damages at the request of the defendant.

aaa. Foreign Issuer. The Company was a “foreign private issuer” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act as of the end of the second fiscal quarter of its most recently completed fiscal year.
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bbb. No Reliance. The Company has not relied upon any Agent or legal counsel for the Agents for any legal, tax or accounting advice in connection with the offering and sale of the Placement Shares.

ccc. Underwriter Agreements. Other than with respect to this Agreement, the Company is not a party to any agreement with an agent or underwriter for any other “at the market” or continuous equity transaction.

ddd. Forward-Looking Statements. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) (a “Forward-Looking Statement”) contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.
 
Any certificate signed by an officer of the Company and delivered to the Agents or to counsel for the Agents pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company, as applicable, to the Agents as to the matters set forth therein.

7. Covenants of the Company.  The Company covenants and agrees with the Agents that:

a. Registration Statement Amendments. After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which a prospectus relating to any Placement Shares is required to be delivered by the Agents under the Securities Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act) (the “Prospectus Delivery Period”) (i) the Company will notify the Agents promptly of the time when any subsequent amendment to the Registration Statement, other than documents incorporated by reference or amendments not related to any Placement, has been filed with the Commission and/or has become effective or any subsequent supplement to the Prospectus has been filed (other than any supplement not related to any Placement) and of any request by the Commission for any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus related to the Placement or for additional information related to the Placement, (ii) the Company will prepare and file with the Commission, within a reasonable period following the Agents’ reasonable written request, any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that, upon the advice of the Company’s legal counsel, may be necessary or advisable in connection with the distribution of the Placement Shares by the Agents (provided, however, that the failure of the Agents to make such request shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agents’ right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and provided, further, that the Company may delay the filing of any amendment or supplement, if in the judgment of the Company, it is in the best interest of the Company and provided, further, that the only remedy the Agents shall have with respect to the failure to make such filing shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement until such amendment or supplement is filed); (iii) the Company will not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement (other than an amendment or supplement relating to an offering of the Company’s securities which is unrelated to the offering of Placement Shares or an Incorporated Document) or Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares (other than an Incorporated Document) unless a copy thereof has been submitted to the Agents within a reasonable period of time before the filing and the Agents have not reasonably objected thereto within two Business Days of receiving such copy (provided, however, that (A) the failure of the Agents to make such objection shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agents’ right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and (B) the Company has no obligation to provide the Agents any advance copy of such filing or to provide the Agents an opportunity to object to such filing if the filing does not name the Agents or does not relate to the transaction herein provided; and provided, further, that the only remedy the Agents shall have with respect to the failure by the Agents to provide such objection shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement) and the Company will furnish to the Agents at the time of filing thereof a copy of any document that upon filing is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus, except for those documents available via EDGAR; and (iv) the Company will cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act or, in the case of any document to be incorporated therein by reference, to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the Exchange Act, within the time period prescribed (the determination to file or not file any amendment or supplement with the Commission under this Section 7(a), based on the Company’s reasonable opinion or reasonable objections, shall be made exclusively by the Company).
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b. Notice of Commission Stop Orders. During the term of this Agreement, the Company will advise the Agents, promptly after it receives notice or obtains Knowledge thereof, of the issuance or threatened issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, of the suspension of the qualification of the Placement Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose; and it will use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order should be issued. The Company will advise the Agents promptly after it receives any request by the Commission for any amendments to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplements to the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or for additional information related to the offering of the Placement Shares or for additional information related to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.

c. Delivery of Prospectus; Subsequent Changes. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to comply in all material respects with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as from time to time in force, and to file on or before their respective due dates all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, 15(d) or any other provision of or under the Exchange Act. If the Company has omitted any information from the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act, it will use its commercially reasonable efforts to comply with the provisions of and make all requisite filings with the Commission pursuant to said Rule 430B and to notify the Agents promptly of all such filings if not available on EDGAR. If during the Prospectus Delivery Period any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading, or if during such Prospectus Delivery Period it is necessary to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will promptly notify the Designated Agent to suspend the offering of Placement Shares during such period and the Company will promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus (at the expense of the Company) so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance; provided, however, that the Company may delay the filing of any amendment or supplement, if in the judgment of the Company, it is in the best interest of the Company.

d. Listing of Placement Shares. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Placement Shares to be listed on the Exchange and to qualify the Placement Shares for sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions in the United States as the Agents reasonably designates and to continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Placement Shares; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith to qualify as a foreign corporation or dealer in securities, file a general consent to service of process, or subject itself to taxation in any jurisdiction if it is not otherwise so subject.

e. Delivery of Registration Statement and Prospectus.  The Company will furnish to the Agents and their counsel (at the reasonable expense of the Company) copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by reference therein) and all amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that are filed with the Commission during the Prospectus Delivery Period (including all documents filed with the Commission during such period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), in each case as soon as reasonably practicable and in such quantities as the Agents may from time to time reasonably request and, at the Agents’ request, will also furnish copies of the Prospectus to each exchange or market on which sales of the Placement Shares may be made; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to furnish any document to the Agents to the extent such document is available on EDGAR.

f. Earnings Statement.  During the term of this Agreement, to the extent not available on EDGAR, the Company will make generally available to its shareholders and to the Agents an earnings statement or statements of the Company and its subsidiaries to the extent required to satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158. The Agents and the Company acknowledge and agree that the Company’s ordinary, timely filed periodic filings with the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act may be used to satisfy this obligation.

g. Use of Proceeds. The Company will use the Net Proceeds as described in the Prospectus in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds.”
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h. Notice of Other Sales. Without the prior written consent of the applicable Designated Agent for any Placement Shares, the Company will not, directly or indirectly, offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Ordinary Shares (other than any Placement Shares offered and/or sold pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Ordinary Shares, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Ordinary Shares during the period beginning on the date on which the Placement Notice with respect to such Placement Shares is delivered to such Designated Agent hereunder and ending on the Trading Day immediately following the final Settlement Date with respect to Placement Shares sold pursuant to such Placement Notice (or, if such Placement Notice has been terminated or suspended prior to the sale of all Placement Shares covered by such Placement Notice, the date of such suspension or termination); and will not directly or indirectly in any other “at the market” or continuous equity transaction offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Ordinary Shares (other than any Placement Shares offered and/or sold pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Ordinary Shares, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Ordinary Shares prior to the termination of this Agreement; provided, however, that such restrictions will not apply in connection with the Company’s issuance or sale of (i) Ordinary Shares, options to purchase Ordinary Shares, share awards, restricted shares, RSUs or other equity awards, or Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise of options or vesting of equity awards, pursuant to any stock option, equity incentive or benefits plan, stock ownership plan or dividend reinvestment plan or other compensation plan of the Company whether now in effect or hereafter implemented, (ii) Ordinary Shares issuable upon conversion of securities or the exercise of warrants, options, equity awards or other rights in effect or outstanding from time to time, and disclosed in filings by the Company available on EDGAR or otherwise in writing to the Agents, (iii) Ordinary Shares, or securities convertible into or exercisable for Ordinary Shares, offered and sold in a privately negotiated transaction to vendors, customers, strategic partners or potential strategic partners or other investors conducted in a manner so as not to be integrated with the offering of Ordinary Shares hereby, (iv) Ordinary Shares in connection with any merger, acquisition, strategic investment or other similar transaction (including any joint venture, strategic alliance or partnership) and (v) Ordinary Shares, or securities convertible into or exercisable for Ordinary Shares, offered and sold on an arm’s-length basis to any unaffiliated parties pursuant to a collaboration, licensing agreement, strategic alliance or similar transaction. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, nothing herein shall be construed to restrict the Company’s ability, or require the consent of any Agent, to file a registration statement under the Securities Act.

i. Change of Circumstances. The Company will, at any time during the pendency of a Placement Notice advise the Agents promptly after it shall have received notice or obtained Knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter or affect in any material respect any opinion, certificate, letter or other document required to be provided to the Agents pursuant to this Agreement and applicable to the transactions contemplated by such Placement Notice.

j. Due Diligence Cooperation. In connection with any Representation Date during the term of this Agreement, the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review conducted by the Agents or their representatives in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, providing information and making available documents and senior corporate officers, during regular business hours and at the Company’s principal offices, as the Agents may reasonably request in connection with any such Representation Date.

k. Required Filings Relating to Placement of Placement Shares. The Company agrees that, during the term of this Agreement, solely to the extent required, it will include in its Form 20-F, or Current Report on Form 6-K containing unaudited interim financial statements for any six-month period immediately following the Company’s fiscal year end, the number of Placement Shares sold through the Agents, the Net Proceeds to the Company and the Compensation payable by the Company to the Agents with respect to any Placement Shares during the relevant period in respect of which such disclosure, if any, is required by such Form 20-F or such Current Report on Form 6-K.
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l. Representation Dates; Certificate. Each time during the term of this Agreement that the Company:

(i) amends or supplements (other than a prospectus supplement relating solely to an offering of securities other than the Placement Shares) the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares by means of a post-effective amendment, sticker, or supplement but not by means of incorporation of documents by reference into the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares;

(ii) files an annual report on Form 20-F under the Exchange Act (including any Form 20-F/A containing amended audited financial information or a material amendment to the previously filed Form 20-F);

(iii) files or furnishes its interim unaudited financial statements as of the end of the Company’s first fiscal half of each fiscal year on Form 6-K under the Exchange Act; or

(iv) files or furnishes a current report on Form 6-K containing amendments to its audited financial statements for any fiscal year or unaudited interim financial statements for any fiscal period under the Exchange Act;

(each date of filing of one or more of the documents referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) shall be a “Representation Date”), the Company shall furnish the Agents (but in the case of clause (iv) above only if any Agent reasonably determines that the information contained in such Form 6-K is material) with a certificate, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l) within five (5) Trading Days of any Representation Date. The requirement to provide a certificate under this Section 7(l) shall be automatically waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time at which no Placement Notice is pending, which waiver shall continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers a Placement Notice hereunder (which shall be considered the Representation Date for such calendar quarter) and the next occurring Representation Date on which the Company files its annual report on Form 20-F. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) upon the delivery of the first Placement Notice hereunder and (ii) if the Company subsequently decides to sell Placement Shares following a Representation Date when the Company relied on such waiver and did not provide the Agents with a certificate under this Section 7(l), then before the Agents sell any Placement Shares, the Company shall provide the Agents with a certificate, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l) dated the date of the Placement Notice.

m. Legal Opinion. On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice given hereunder the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agents a written opinion and a negative assurance letter of each of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (“U.S. Company Counsel”) and Duane Morris LLP (“Agents Counsel”) and a written opinion of Clifford Chance LLP (“Australian Company Counsel”), or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Agents, each in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents. Thereafter, within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l) for which no waiver is applicable, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agents a negative assurance letter of each of U.S. Company Counsel and Agents Counsel in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents; provided that, in lieu of such negative assurance for subsequent periodic filings under the Exchange Act,  each of U.S. Company Counsel and Agents Counsel may furnish the Agents with a letter (a “Reliance Letter”) to the effect that the Agents may rely on the negative assurance letter previously delivered by such counsel under this Section 7(m) to the same extent as if it were dated the date of such letter (except that statements in such prior letter shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as of the date of such Reliance Letter).
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n. Comfort Letter. On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice given hereunder and within five (5) Trading Days after each subsequent Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l) for which no waiver is applicable, the Company shall cause its independent accountants to furnish the Agents letters (the “Comfort Letters”), dated the date the Comfort Letter is delivered, which shall meet the requirements set forth in this Section 7(n). The Comfort Letter from the Company’s independent accountants shall be in a form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents, (i) confirming that they are an independent public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, (ii) stating, as of such date, the conclusions and findings of such firm with respect to the financial information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters in connection with registered public offerings (the first such letter, the “Initial Comfort Letter”) and (iii) updating the Initial Comfort Letter with any information that would have been included in the Initial Comfort Letter had it been given on such date and modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of such letter.

o. Market Activities. During the term of this Agreement, the Company will not, directly or indirectly, (i) take any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes or would reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of Ordinary Shares or (ii) sell, bid for, or purchase Ordinary Shares in violation of Regulation M, or pay anyone any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Placement Shares other than the Agents.

p. Investment Company Act. During the term of this Agreement, the Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably ensure that it will not be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement, an “investment company,” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act.

q. No Offer to Sell. Other than an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus approved in advance by the Company and the Agents in their capacity as agents hereunder pursuant to Section 24, neither of the Agents nor the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Agents in their capacity as such) will make, use, prepare, authorize, approve or refer to any written communication (as defined in Rule 405), required to be filed with the Commission, that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy Placement Shares hereunder.

r. Sarbanes-Oxley Act. During the term of this Agreement, the Company will (i) maintain a system of “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that complies, in all material respects, with the requirements of the Exchange Act, as applicable to the Company, and (ii) maintain an effective system of “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) that complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act, as applicable to the Company.

8. Payment of Expenses. The Company will pay all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including (i) the preparation and filing, including any fees required by the Commission of the Registration Statement (including financial statements and exhibits) as originally filed and of each amendment and supplement thereto and each Free Writing Prospectus, (ii) the delivery to the Agents of this Agreement and such other documents as may be required in connection with the offering, purchase, sale, issuance or delivery of the Placement Shares (provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to furnish any documents to the Agents, if such documents are available on EDGAR), (iii) the preparation, issuance and delivery of the certificates, if any, for the Placement Shares to the Agents, including any stock or other transfer taxes and any capital duties, stamp duties or other duties or taxes payable upon the sale, issuance or delivery of the Placement Shares to the Agents, (iv) the fees and disbursements of the counsel, accountants and other advisors to the Company, (v) the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees and disbursements of counsel to the Agents (x) not to exceed $60,000 in connection with the filing of this Agreement and (y) not to exceed $5,000 per calendar quarter thereafter in connection with each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section 7(l) for which no waiver is applicable and excluding the date of this Agreement; (vi) the fees and expenses of the Company’s transfer agent and registrar for the Ordinary Shares, (vii) the filing fees incident to any review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Placement Shares, and (viii) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange.
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9. Conditions to the Agents’ Obligations. The obligations of the Agents hereunder with respect to a Placement pursuant to any Placement Notice will be subject to the continuing accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties made by the Company herein (other than those representations and warranties made as of a specified date or time), to the due performance in all material respects by the Company of its obligations hereunder, and to the continuing reasonable satisfaction (or waiver by the Agents in their sole discretion) of the following additional conditions during the applicable period set forth in the relevant Placement Notice:

a. Registration Statement Effective. With respect to any Placement Notice, a Registration Statement covering the Placement Shares contemplated to be issued by such Placement Notice shall have become effective and shall be available for the sale of all Placement Shares contemplated to be issued by such Placement Notice.

b. No Material Notices. None of the following events shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) receipt by the Company of any request for additional information from the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority during the period of effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the response to which would require any post‑effective amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (other than material amendments or supplements to documents incorporated by reference therein) if such post-effective amendments or supplements have not been made and become effective; (ii) the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or receipt by the Company of notification of the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii) receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Placement Shares for sale in any applicable jurisdiction or receipt by the Company of notification of the initiation of, or a threat to initiate, any proceeding for such purpose; or (iv) the occurrence of any event that makes any material statement made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any material Incorporated Document untrue in any material respect or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any material Incorporated Document so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and, that in the case of the Prospectus or any material Incorporated Document, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

c. No Misstatement or Material Omission. The Agents shall not have advised the Company that the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in the Agents’ reasonable opinion is material, or omits to state a fact that in the Agents’ reasonable opinion is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein (and, in the case of the Prospectus, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading.

d. Material Changes. Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in the Company’s reports filed with the Commission, there shall not have been any Material Adverse Effect, or any development that would cause a Material Adverse Effect, or a downgrading in or withdrawal of the rating assigned to any of the Company’s securities (other than asset backed securities) by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization,” as such term is defined by the Commission for purposes of Rule 436(g)(2) under the Securities Act (a “Rating Organization”), or a public announcement by any Rating Organization that it has under surveillance or review its rating of any of the Company’s securities (other than asset backed securities), the effect of which, in the case of any such action by a Rating Organization described above, in the reasonable judgment of the Agents (without relieving the Company of any obligation or liability it may otherwise have), is so material as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering of the Placement Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.

e. Company Counsel Legal Opinions. The Agents shall have received the opinion and negative assurance letter of U.S. Company Counsel and the opinion of Australian Company Counsel required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(m) on or before the date on which such delivery of such opinions and negative assurance letter are required pursuant to Section 7(m).
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f. Agents Counsel Legal Opinion. Agents shall have received from Duane Morris LLP, counsel for the Agents, the opinion and negative assurance letter required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(m) on or before the date on which such delivery of such legal opinion and negative assurance letter is required pursuant to Section 7(m), with respect to such matters as the Agents may reasonably require, and the Company shall have furnished to such counsel such documents as they request for enabling them to pass upon such matters.

g. Comfort Letter. The Agents shall have received the Comfort Letter required to be delivered pursuant Section 7(n) on or before the date on which such delivery of such letter is required pursuant to Section 7(n).

h. Representation Certificate. The Agents shall have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(l) on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to Section 7(l).

i. Secretary’s Certificate. On or prior to the first Representation Date, the Agents shall have received a certificate, signed on behalf of the Company by its corporate Secretary, in form and substance satisfactory to the Agents and their counsel.

j. No Suspension. Trading in the Ordinary Shares shall not have been suspended on the Exchange and the Ordinary Shares shall not have been delisted from the Exchange.

k. Securities Act Filings Made. All filings with the Commission with respect to the Ordinary Shares required by Rule 424 under the Securities Act to have been filed prior to the issuance of any Placement Notice hereunder shall have been made within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by Rule 424.

l. Approval for Listing. The Placement Shares shall either have been approved for listing on the Exchange, subject only to notice of issuance, or the Company shall have filed an application for listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange at, or prior to, the issuance of any Placement Notice.

m. No Termination Event. There shall not have occurred any event that would permit the Agents to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 12(a).

10. Indemnification and Contribution.

(a) Company Indemnification. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Agents, their partners, members, directors, officers, employees and agents and each person, if any, who controls the Agents within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act as follows:

(i) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and reasonable expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement, or alleged untrue statement of a material fact, contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

(ii) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and reasonable expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, to the extent of the aggregate amount paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or of any claim whatsoever based upon any untrue statement or omission, or any alleged untrue statement or omission,  contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto); provided that (subject to Section 10(d) below) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be delayed or withheld; and
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(iii) against any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees and disbursements of counsel), reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any untrue statement or omission, or any alleged untrue statement or omission, contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), to the extent that any such expense is not paid under (i) or (ii) above, provided that the Agents shall promptly reimburse the Company for all such reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees to the extent a court of competent jurisdiction determines that the Agents or any of their respective partners, members, directors, officers, employee and agents and each person who controls the Agents was not entitled to such reimbursement;

provided, however, that this Section 10(a) shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising out of any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by any Agent expressly for use in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto).

(b) Indemnification by the Agents. Each Agent, severally and not jointly, agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors and officers, and each person, if any, who (i) controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act or (ii) is controlled by or is under common control with the Company against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in Section 10(a), as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendments thereto) or in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to such Agent and furnished to the Company in writing by such Agent expressly for use therein.

(c) Procedure. Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this Section 10 will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or parties under this Section 10, notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but the omission so to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from (i) any liability that it might have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this Section 10 and (ii) any liability that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing provisions of this Section 10 unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results in the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses by the indemnifying party. If any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of its commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent that it elects by delivering written notice to the indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the action from the indemnified party, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying party will not be liable to the indemnified party for any legal or other expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs of investigation subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense. The indemnified party will have the right to employ its own counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel will be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (1) the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized in writing by the indemnifying party, (2) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying party, (3) a conflict or potential conflict of interest exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party) or (4) the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel to assume the defense of such action within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement of the action, in each of which cases the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel will be at the expense of the indemnifying party or parties. It is understood that the indemnifying party or parties shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees, disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at any one time for all such indemnified party or parties. All such reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees, disbursements and other charges will be reimbursed by the indemnifying party promptly after the indemnifying party receives a written invoice relating to fees, disbursements and other charges in reasonable detail. An indemnifying party will not, in any event, be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its written consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this Section 10 (whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (1) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (2) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.
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(d) Contribution. In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in the foregoing paragraphs of this Section 10 is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable from the Company or an Agent, the Company and such Agent will contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including any investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding or any claim asserted, but after deducting any contribution actually received by the Company with respect thereto from persons other than the Agents, such as persons who control the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, officers of the Company who signed the Registration Statement and directors of the Company, to the extent such persons are liable therefor under applicable law) to which the Company and the Agents may be subject in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Agents on the other hand. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Agents on the other hand shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total Net Proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares (net of commissions paid to the Agents but before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total compensation received by the Agents (before deducting expenses) from the sale of Placement Shares on behalf of the Company. If, but only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution shall be made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and such Agent, on the other hand, with respect to the statements or omission that resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations with respect to such offering.  Such relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or such Agent, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and each Agent agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 10(d) were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, liability, expense, or damage, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this Section 10(d) shall be deemed to include, for the purpose of this Section 10(d), any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim to the extent consistent with Section 10(c) hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 10(d), an Agent shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the commissions received by it under this Agreement and no person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) will be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section 10(d), any person who controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, and any officers, directors, partners, employees or agents of an Agent, will have the same rights to contribution as that party, and each officer who signed the Registration Statement and director of the Company will have the same rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under this Section 10(d), will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify will not relieve that party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have under this Section 10(d) except to the extent that the failure to so notify such other party materially prejudiced the substantive rights or defenses of the party from whom contribution is sought. Except for a settlement entered into pursuant to the last sentence of Section 10(c) hereof, no party will be liable for contribution with respect to any action or claim settled without its written consent if such consent is required pursuant to Section 10(c) hereof. The Agents’ respective obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 10(d) are several in proportion to the respective number of Placement Shares they have sold hereunder, and not joint.

11. Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in Section 10 of this Agreement and all representations and warranties of the Company herein, or of the Agents herein, or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto shall survive, as of their respective dates, regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of the Agents, any controlling persons, or the Company (or any of their respective officers, directors or controlling persons), (ii) delivery and acceptance of the Placement Shares and payment therefor or (iii) any termination of this Agreement.
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12. Termination.

a. An Agent may terminate this Agreement with respect to itself, by notice to the Company, as hereinafter specified at any time (1) if there has been, since the time of execution of this Agreement or since the date as of which information is given in the Prospectus, any Material Adverse Effect, or any development that would have a Material Adverse Effect that, in the sole judgment of such Agent, is material and adverse and makes it impractical or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares, (2) if there has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial markets, any outbreak of hostilities or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving a prospective change in national or international political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such as to make it, in the judgment of such Agent, impracticable or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares, (3) if trading in the Ordinary Shares has been suspended or limited by the Commission or the Exchange, or if trading generally on the Exchange has been suspended or limited, or minimum prices for trading have been fixed on the Exchange, (4) if any suspension of trading of any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market shall have occurred and be continuing, (5) if a major disruption of securities settlements or clearance services in the United States shall have occurred and be continuing, or (6) if a banking moratorium has been declared by either U.S. Federal or New York authorities. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 8 (Payment of Expenses), Section 10 (Indemnification and Contribution), Section 11 (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), Section 17 (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and Section 18 (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. If an Agent elects to terminate this Agreement as provided in this Section 12(a), such Agent shall provide the required notice as specified in Section 13 (Notices).

b. The Company shall have the right, by giving five (5) days’ written notice as hereinafter specified, to terminate this Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any one or multiple of the Agents, in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement.  Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 8 (Payment of Expenses), Section 10 (Indemnification and Contribution), Section 11 (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), Section 17 (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and Section 18 (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

c. Each Agent shall have the right, by giving five (5) days’ notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement with respect to itself in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 8 (Payment of Expenses), Section 9 (Indemnification and Contribution), Section 10 (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), Section 16 (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and Section 17 (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

d. This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to Sections 12(a), (b) or (c) above or otherwise by mutual written agreement of the parties; provided, however, that any such termination by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to provide that Section 8 (Payment of Expenses), Section 10 (Indemnification and Contribution), Section 11 (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), Section 17 (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and Section 18 (Consent to Jurisdiction) shall remain in full force and effect. Upon termination of this Agreement, the Company shall not have any liability to an Agent for any Compensation with respect to any Placement Shares not otherwise sold by an Agent under this Agreement.

27


To the extent this Agreement is terminated by one Agent or by the Company with respect to some but not all Agents pursuant to Sections 12(a), (b) or (c) above, (i) this Agreement shall terminate only with respect to such Agent or Agents, as the case may be, and shall remain in full force and effect with respect to the Company and the other Agents, unless and until terminated pursuant to Sections 12(a), (b) or (c) above, and (ii) the term “Agents” as used herein shall, with effect from the date of such termination, be deemed to refer only to such other Agents in respect of which this Agreement has not been so terminated.

e. Any termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; provided, however, that such termination shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by an Agent or the Company, as the case may be. If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of Placement Shares, such Placement Shares shall settle in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

13. Notices. All notices or other communications required or permitted to be given by any party to any other party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement shall be in writing (with a copy to be provided by email at the applicable email address set forth below), unless otherwise specified, and if sent to the Agents, shall be delivered to:

 
B. Riley Securities, Inc.
  
 
299 Park Avenue, 21st Floor
 
 
 New York, NY 10171
 
 
 Attention: [***]
 
 
 Telephone:
[***]
 
 
Email:
 [***]
 
 
 

And:

 
Canaccord Genuity LLC
 
 
1 Post Office Square
 
 
30th Floor
  
  Boston, MA 02109  
 
 Attention: [***]
 
 
 Email:
[***]
 
 

And:

 
Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.
 
 
110 E 59th St., 6th Floor
 
 
New York, NY 10022
  
 
 Attention:
[***]
 
 
 Email: [***]
 
       
 
and:
    
       
 
Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.
  
 
110 E 59th St., 6th Floor
  
 
New York, NY 10022
  
  Attention: [***]  
  Email: [***]  
 
 
 
And:

 
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
 
 
388 Greenwich Street
 
 
New York, New York, 10013
  
 
 Attention:
[***]
 
 
 Fax no.: [***]
 

28

And:

 
Compass Point Research & Trading, LLC
 
 
1055 Thomas Jefferson Street, NW
 
 
Suite 303
  
 
Washington, DC 20007
  
 
 Attention:
[***]
 
 
 Email: [***]
 
       
 
With copies to:
  
       
 
Compass Point Research & Trading, LLC
  
 
1055 Thomas Jefferson Street, NW
  
 
Suite 303
  
 
Washington, DC 20007
  
  Attention: [***]  
  Email: [***]  

And:

 
Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc.
 
 
660 Fifth Avenue
 
 
New York, New York 10103
  
 
 Attention:
[***]
 
 
 Email: [***]
 

And:

 
Roth Capital Partners, LLC
 
 
888 San Clemente Drive, Suite 400
 
 
Newport Beach, CA 92660
  
 
 Attention:
[***]
 
 
 Email: [***]
 

with a copy to:

 
Duane Morris LLP
 
 
1540 Broadway
 
 
New York, NY 10036
  
 
 Attention:
[***]
 
 
 Telephone: [***]
 
  Email: [***]  

and if to the Company, shall be delivered to:

 
IREN Limited
 
 
Level 6, 55 Market Street
 
 
Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia
  
  Telephone: [***]  
  Email: [***]  
 
 Attention:
[***]
 

 
 
 
29

with a copy to:

 
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP
 
 
450 Lexington Avenue
 
 
New York, NY 10017
  
  Number: [***]  
  Email: [***]  
 
 Attention:
[***]
 

Each party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose. Each such notice or other communication shall be deemed given (i) when delivered personally, by email, or by verifiable facsimile transmission on or before 4:30 p.m., New York City time, on a Business Day or, if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day, (ii) when delivered by email, upon confirmation of receipt by the receiving party, (iii) on the next Business Day after timely delivery to a nationally-recognized overnight courier and (iv) on the Business Day actually received if deposited in the U.S. mail (certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid). For purposes of this Agreement, “Business Day” shall mean any day on which the Exchange and commercial banks in the City of New York are open for business.

14. Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and each Agent and their respective successors, and to the benefit of their respective affiliates, controlling persons, officers and directors referred to in Section 10 hereof. References to any of the parties contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns of such party. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted assigns any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement. Neither the Company nor the Agents may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party.

15. Adjustments for Stock Splits. The parties acknowledge and agree that all share‑related numbers contained in this Agreement shall be adjusted to take into account any share consolidation, stock split, stock dividend , corporate domestication or similar event effected with respect to the Placement Shares.

16. Waiver of Immunity. To the extent that the Company has or hereafter may acquire any immunity (sovereign or otherwise) from jurisdiction of any court of (i) Australia, or any political subdivision thereof, (ii) the United States or the State of New York, (iii) any jurisdiction in which it owns or leases property or assets or from any legal process (whether through service of notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in aid of execution, execution, set-off or otherwise) with respect to themselves or their respective property and assets or this Agreement, the Company hereby irrevocably waives such immunity in respect of its obligations under this Agreement to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.

17. Entire Agreement; Amendment; Severability. This Agreement (including all schedules and exhibits attached hereto and Placement Notices issued pursuant hereto) constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof. Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be amended except pursuant to a written instrument executed by the Company and the Agents. In the event that any one or more of the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable as written by a court of competent jurisdiction, then such provision shall be given full force and effect to the fullest possible extent that it is valid, legal and enforceable, and the remainder of the terms and provisions herein shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable term or provision was not contained herein, but only to the extent that giving effect to such provision and the remainder of the terms and provisions hereof shall be in accordance with the intent of the parties as reflected in this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Schedule 3 notice details may be amended at any time by notice to all other parties.
30


18. GOVERNING LAW AND TIME; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME. THE COMPANY AND THE AGENTS EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.

19. CONSENT TO JURISDICTION. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE NON-EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS SITTING IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, AND HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING, ANY CLAIM THAT IT IS NOT PERSONALLY SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY SUCH COURT, THAT SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM OR THAT THE VENUE OF SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS IMPROPER. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF PROCESS AND CONSENTS TO PROCESS BEING SERVED IN ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF (CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED) TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS IN EFFECT FOR NOTICES TO IT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AND AGREES THAT SUCH SERVICE SHALL CONSTITUTE GOOD AND SUFFICIENT SERVICE OF PROCESS AND NOTICE THEREOF. NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE DEEMED TO LIMIT IN ANY WAY ANY RIGHT TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY MANNER PERMITTED BY LAW.

20. Appointment of Agent for Service. The Company hereby irrevocably appoints Cogency Global Inc., located 122 E. 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, New York 10168, as its agent for service of process in any suit, action or proceeding described in Section 19 and agrees that service of process in any suit, action or proceeding may be made upon it at the office of such agent. The Company waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any other requirements of or objections to personal jurisdiction with respect thereto. The Company represents and warrants that such agent has agreed to act as the Company’s agent for service of process, and the Company agrees to take any and all action, including the filing of any and all documents and instruments, that may be necessary to continue such appointment in full force and effect.

21. Use of Information. The Agents may not use any information gained in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including due diligence, to advise any party with respect to transactions not expressly approved by the Company.

22. Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument. Counterparts may be delivered via electronic mail (including any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act or other applicable law, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.

23. Joinder of Additional Agents. At any time and from time to time after the date of this Agreement, the Company may, in its sole discretion, elect to add one or more additional sales agents to this Agreement (any such additional sales agent, an “Additional Agent”). Upon execution by any such Additional Agent of a joinder to this Agreement, substantially in the form attached as Exhibit 23 hereto, (i) such Additional Agent shall become a party to this Agreement as if such Additional Agent were an original signatory hereto, and (ii) all references to an “Agent” or the “Agents” shall be deemed to include such Additional Agent.

24. Effect of Headings.  The section, Schedule and Exhibit headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.
31


25. Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of each Agent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), and each Agent represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Company, in each case which shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the offering of the Placement Shares contemplated by this Agreement that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 405, required to be filed with the Commission. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Agents or by the Company, as the case may be, is hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.” The Company represents and warrants that it has treated and agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending and record keeping. For the purposes of clarity, the parties hereto agree that all free writing prospectuses, if any, listed in Exhibit 25 hereto are Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses.

26. Absence of Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that:

a. each Agent is acting solely as agent in connection with the public offering of the Placement Shares and in connection with each transaction contemplated by this Agreement and the process leading to such transactions, and no fiduciary or advisory relationship between the Company or any of its respective affiliates, stockholders (or other equity holders), creditors or employees or any other party, on the one hand, and the Agents, on the other hand, has been or will be created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective of whether or not any Agent has advised or is advising the Company on other matters, and the Agents have no obligation to the Company with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement;

b. it is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;

c. the Agents have not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and it has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate;

d. it is aware that the Agents and their affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that differ from those of the Company and such Agent has no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship or otherwise; and

e. it waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against the Agents for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the sale of Placement Shares under this Agreement and agrees that the Agents shall not have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract, tort or otherwise) to it in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on its behalf or in right of it or the Company, employees or creditors of Company, other than in respect of the Agents’ obligations under this Agreement and to keep information provided by the Company to the Agents and their counsel confidential to the extent not otherwise publicly-available.

27. Definitions.  As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below:

“Applicable Time” means (i) each Representation Date and (ii) the time of each sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement.

“Compensation” has the meaning given to it in Schedule 2.

“Corporations Act” means the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth).
32


“Governmental Authority” shall mean any federal, state, provincial, municipal, local or foreign government, governmental authority, regulatory or administrative agency, governmental commission, department, board, bureau, agency or instrumentality, court, arbitral body (public or private) or tribunal.

“Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, relating to the Placement Shares that (1) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (2) is a “road show” that is a “written communication” within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i) whether or not required to be filed with the Commission, or (3) is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the Placement Shares or of the offering that does not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g) under the Securities Act.

“Knowledge” shall mean the actual knowledge of any of (i) the Company’s Chairperson, (ii) the Company’s Co-Chief Executive Officers and (iii) the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, in each case after reasonable inquiry of officers, directors and employees of the Company and its Subsidiaries under such Person’s direct supervision who would reasonably be expected to have knowledge or information with respect to the matter in question.

 “Rule 172,” “Rule 405,” “Rule 415,” “Rule 424,” “Rule 424(b),” “Rule 430B,” and “Rule 433” refer to such rules under the Securities Act.

All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information that is “contained,” “included” or “stated” in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as the case may be.

All references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; all references in this Agreement to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (other than any Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses that, pursuant to Rule 433, are not required to be filed with the Commission) shall be deemed to include the copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; and all references in this Agreement to “supplements” to the Prospectus shall include, without limitation, any supplements, “wrappers” or similar materials prepared in connection with any offering, sale or private placement of any Placement Shares by the Agents outside of the United States.

[Remainder of the page intentionally left blank]
33

If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Company and each of the Agents, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement between the Company and each of the Agents.

 
Very truly yours,
 
 
 
 
 
Signed by IREN LIMITED in accordance with section 127 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth)
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 /s/ Daniel Roberts
 
 
Name:
 Daniel Roberts
 
 
 Title:
Director
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 /s/ William Roberts
 
 
 Name: William Roberts
 
 
 Title:
Director


[Signature Page to Sales Agreement]
34

 
 ACCEPTED as of the date first-above written:
 


 
 B. RILEY SECURITIES, INC.
 


 
 By: /s/ Matthew Feinberg
 
Name: Matthew Feinberg
 
Title: Sr. Managing Director
 


 
 CANACCORD GENUITY LLC
 


 
 By:
/s/ Jason Partenza
 
Name:
Jason Partenza
 
Title: Managing Director
 


 
CANTOR FITZGERALD & CO.
 


 
 By:
/s/ Sameer Vasudev
 
Name:
Sameer Vasudev
 
Title:
Managing Director
 


 
 CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS INC.
 


 
 By: /s/ Mark Gracia
 
Name: Mark Gracia
 
Title: Managing Director
 


 
COMPASS POINT RESEARCH & TRADING, LLC
 


 
 By:
/s/ Christopher Nealon
 
Name:
Christopher Nealon
    Title:
President & COO
 


  MACQUARIE CAPITAL (USA) INC.
 


  By:
/s/ Sam Shah
 
Name:
Sam Shah
 
Title:
Co-Head of Macquarie Capital, Americas, Senior Managing Director
 


  By:
/s/ James Ridings
 
Name:
James Ridings
 
Title:
Head of ECM, Americas, Managing Director
       
 
ROTH CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC
 


  By:
/s/ Aaron Gurewitz
 
Name:
Aaron Gurewitz
    Title:
President & Head of Investment Banking


[Signature Page to Sales Agreement]
35


SCHEDULE 1


FORM OF PLACEMENT NOTICE


 

SCHEDULE 2


Compensation


The Company shall pay to the applicable Designated Agent in cash, upon each sale of Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement, an amount equal to 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from such sale of Placement Shares by such Designated Agent (“Compensation”).


SCHEDULE 3


Notice Parties



EXHIBIT 7(l)

Form of Representation Date Certificate

EXHIBIT 23

Form of Joinder Agreement

EXHIBIT 25

Permitted Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses

Exhibit 5.1
CLIFFORD CHANCE




Our ref:  21-41032331
To:
IREN Limited
Direct Dial: +61 2 8922 8054

Level 6, 55 Market Street
E-mail: reuben.vanwerkum@cliffordchance.com

Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia

(“Company”)
21 January 2025



Ladies and Gentlemen

RE: IREN Limited – Legal Opinion, Registration Statement on Form F-3

1.
We have acted as Australian legal counsel to the Company, an Australian public company having its principal place of business at Level 6, 55 Market Street, Sydney NSW 2000 Australia, in connection with the preparation and filing by the Company on the date hereof with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) of a registration statement (the “Registration Statement”) on Form F-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), including (i) the prospectus contained therein (the “Base Prospectus”), registering certain securities, including (a) ordinary shares of the Company, with no par value (the “Ordinary Shares”), (b) debt securities of the Company (the “Debt Securities”), (c) warrants of the Company (the “Warrants”), (d) purchase contracts (the “Purchase Contracts”), (e) units (the “Units”) and (f) subscription rights (the “Rights” and, together with the Debt Securities, the Warrants, the Purchase Contracts and the Units, the “Securities”) and (ii) a prospectus supplement to be filed with the Commission on the date hereof (the “Prospectus Supplement”) relating to the offer and sale of Ordinary Shares, from time to time, with an aggregate offering price of up to US$1 billion pursuant to the Sales Agreement (as defined below) (the “ATM Ordinary Shares”).

2.
This opinion letter (this “Opinion Letter”) is being furnished in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement or related prospectus, other than as expressly stated herein.

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CLIFFORD CHANCE

Introduction

3.
Headings in this Opinion Letter are for ease of reference only and shall not affect its interpretation.

4.
We have not reviewed any documents other than the documents listed in Schedule 1 (the “Documents”) for the purposes of this Opinion Letter, and this Opinion Letter does not purport to address any legal issues that arise in relation to such other documents that may be or come into force, even if there is a reference to any such documents in the Documents or on the impact such documents may have on the opinions expressed in this Opinion Letter.

5.
The opinions given in this Opinion Letter are confined to, and given on the basis of, Australian law as currently applied by the Australian courts as evidenced in legislation and published case law in Australia.

6.
The opinions given in this Opinion Letter are given on the basis that it is governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of New South Wales, Australia and will be subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of News South Wales, Australia.

7.
The opinions given in this Opinion Letter are given on the assumptions set out in Schedule 2.

8.
The opinions given in this Opinion Letter are strictly limited to the matters stated in paragraph 2 and do not extend to any other matters.

Opinions

9.
We are of the opinion that the (i) ATM Ordinary Shares have been duly authorised and (ii) the Ordinary Shares (other than the ATM Ordinary Shares) and any Ordinary Shares to be issued upon conversion, exercise, exchange or pursuant to the terms of any of the Securities, if and when duly authorised and, in each case if and once:


(a)
duly registered on the books of the transfer agent and registrar therefor in the name or on behalf of the purchasers; and

- 2 -
CLIFFORD CHANCE


(b)
fully paid and issued in accordance with the terms of the Constitution, and, in the case of the ATM Ordinary Shares, the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement by and between the Company, B. Riley Securities, Inc., Canaccord Genuity LLC, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Citigroup Global Markets, Inc., Compass Point Research & Trading, LLC, Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc. and Roth Capital Partners, LLC dated 21 January 2025 (the “Sales Agreement”),

will be validly issued, fully paid-up and non-assessable.

Scope of Opinion

10.
The delivery of this Opinion Letter to any person other than the Company does not evidence an existence of any such advisory duty on our behalf to such person.

11.
The filing of this Opinion Letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statement does not evidence the existence of any such advisory duty or on behalf to any party other than the Company.

12.
We have not considered and do not opine on the Registration Statement or/and any securities law disclosure requirements, other than as expressly stated herein with respect to the issue of the Ordinary Shares.

13.
We express no opinion as to any taxation matters or transfer pricing matters generally or liability to tax which may arise or be suffered as a result of or in connection with the Sales Agreement or on the impact which any tax laws may have on the opinions expressed in this Opinion Letter.

14.
We express no opinion on any applicable licensing or similar requirements.

15.
This Opinion Letter does not contain any undertaking to update it or to inform the Company of any changes in the laws of Australia or any other laws which would affect the content thereof in any manner.

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CLIFFORD CHANCE

Addressee and Purpose

16.
This Opinion Letter is provided in connection with the Registration Statement. It may not be supplied, and its contents may not be disclosed, to any other person other than as an exhibit to (and therefore, together with) the Registration Statement and may not be relied upon by or disclosed to any other person, company, enterprise or institution, except your legal advisers, or used for any other purpose other than in connection with the Registration Statement. We hereby consent to the filing of this Opinion Letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name under the heading “Legal Matters” of the Registration Statement as regards certain legal matters as to Australian law. In giving such consent we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act.

Yours faithfully,

/s/ Clifford Chance LLP
CLIFFORD CHANCE

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CLIFFORD CHANCE

SCHEDULE 1
DOCUMENTS

For the purpose of this Opinion Letter, we have examined the following documents (the “Documents”):

1.
CONSTITUTIONAL DOCUMENTS

A copy of the Company’s constitution adopted on 20 November 2024 and in force as at the date of this Opinion Letter (“Constitution”).

2.
SALES AGREEMENT

A copy of the Sales Agreement dated 21 January 2025.

3.
REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE

A copy of the Company’s registration certificate dated 7 October 2021.

4.
REGISTRATION STATEMENT AND PROSPECTUS

The Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-3 filed with the Commission under the Securities Act on 21 January 2025;

The Base Prospectus contained in the Registration Statement; and

The Prospectus Supplement dated 21 January 2025 relating to the offer and sale of the Ordinary Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement.
 
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CLIFFORD CHANCE

SCHEDULE 2
ASSUMPTIONS

The opinions expressed in this Opinion Letter have been made on the following assumptions which are made on the date of this Opinion Letter.

1.
ORIGINAL AND GENUINE DOCUMENTATION


(a)
All signatures are genuine, all original documents are authentic, and all copy documents are complete and conform to the originals.


(b)
The legal capacity of all managers and directors and any other authorised signatories and the Documents have been executed (where applicable) by the signatories indicated thereon.


(c)
All statement of facts contained in the Documents are accurate and complete.

2.
VALID OBLIGATIONS


(a)
All obligations under the Sales Agreement are valid, legally binding upon, validly perfected where required, and enforceable against, the parties to the Sales Agreement as a matter of all relevant laws (including the laws of Australia).


(b)
All acts, conditions or things required to be fulfilled, performed or effected in connection with the Sales Agreement under the laws of any jurisdiction (other than Australia but only to the extent opined herein) have been duly fulfilled, performed and effected.


(c)
There are no provisions of the laws of any jurisdiction other than Australia that would adversely affect the opinions expressed in this Opinion Letter.

- 6 -
CLIFFORD CHANCE

3.
CORPORATE MATTERS


(a)
There have not been and there shall be no amendments to the Constitution.


(b)
Board resolutions passed by the Company have been validly taken and all statements made therein are true, accurate and up-to-date.


(c)
Once taken, board resolutions passed by the Company, including the powers granted therein, shall not be amended or rescinded and shall remain in full force and effect.


(d)
The Ordinary Shares shall be issued in accordance with the Sales Agreement, Constitution and board resolutions passed by the Company.


(e)
The Company is not subject to an insolvency event as a matter of Australian law, including any bankruptcy, arrangement with creditors, reorganisation, receivership, voluntary administration, dissolution or liquidation or any similar procedure affecting the rights of creditors generally, whether under Australian law or any other law.


(f)
That all shareholders of the Company being in the same situation are being treated equally (including in relation to provision of information to shareholders by the Company).


(g)
The entry into, the execution of the Sales Agreement is in the corporate interest of the Company.


(h)
The Sales Agreement is entered into with bona fide commercial intent, at arm’s length and without any fraudulent intent or any intention to deprive of any benefit any other persons or parties (including creditors) or to breach or circumvent any applicable mandatory laws or regulations of any jurisdiction.


- 7 -
Exhibit 5.2
 
OPINION OF DAVIS POLK & WARDWELL LLP

January 21, 2025

IREN Limited
Level 6, 55 Market Street
Sydney NSW 2000, Australia

Ladies and Gentlemen:

IREN Limited, an Australian public company (the “Company”) is filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission a Registration Statement on Form F-3 (the “Registration Statement”) for the purpose of registering under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), (a)  ordinary shares, with no par value, the “Ordinary Shares”) of the Company; (b) the Company’s debt securities (the “Debt Securities”), which may be issued pursuant to an indenture (the “Indenture”) between the Company and the trustee to be named therein (the “Trustee”); (c)  warrants of the Company (the “Warrants”), which may be issued under one or more warrant agreements (each, a “Warrant Agreement”) to be entered into between the Company and the warrant agent to be named therein (the “Warrant Agent”); (d)  purchase contracts (the “Purchase Contracts”) which may be issued under one or more purchase contract agreements (each, a “Purchase Contract Agreement”) to be entered into between the Company and the purchase contract agent to be named therein (the “Purchase Contract Agent”); (e)  units (the “Units”) which may be issued under one or more unit agreements to be entered into among the Company, a bank or trust company, as unit agent (the “Unit Agent”), and the holders from time to time of the Units (each such unit agreement, a “Unit Agreement”); and (f) subscription rights (the “Rights”), which may be issued pursuant to one or more subscription rights agreements to be entered into between the Company and the subscription agent to be named therein (the “Rights Agent”) (each such subscription agreement, a “Rights Agreement”).

We, as your counsel, have examined originals or copies of such documents, corporate records, certificates of public officials and other instruments as we have deemed necessary or advisable for the purpose of rendering this opinion.

In rendering the opinions expressed herein, we have, without independent inquiry or investigation, assumed that (i) all documents submitted to us as originals are authentic and complete, (ii) all documents submitted to us as copies conform to authentic, complete originals, (iii) all documents filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement that have not been executed will conform to the forms thereof, (iv) all signatures on all documents that we reviewed are genuine, (v) all natural persons executing documents had and have the legal capacity to do so, (vi) all statements in certificates of public officials and officers of the Company that we reviewed were and are accurate and (vii) all representations made by the Company as to matters of fact in the documents that we reviewed were and are accurate.

IREN Limited
 2
January 21, 2025
Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the additional assumptions and qualifications set forth below, we advise you that, in our opinion:


 1.
When the Indenture and any supplemental indenture to be entered into in connection with the issuance of any Debt Securities have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Trustee and the Company; the specific terms of a particular series of Debt Securities have been duly authorized and established in accordance with the Indenture; and such Debt Securities have been duly authorized, executed, authenticated, issued and delivered in accordance with the Indenture and the applicable underwriting or other agreement against payment therefor, such Debt Securities will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability, and may be subject to possible judicial or regulatory actions giving effect to governmental actions or foreign laws affecting creditors' rights, provided that we express no opinion as to (w) the enforceability of any waiver of rights under any usury or stay law, (x) the effect of fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer or similar provision of applicable law on the conclusions expressed above or (y) the validity, legally binding effect or enforceability of any section of the Indenture that requires or relates to adjustments to the conversion rate at a rate or in an amount that a court would determine in the circumstances under applicable law to be commercially unreasonable or a penalty or forfeiture or (z) the validity, legally binding effect or enforceability of any provision that permits holders to collect any portion of stated principal amount upon acceleration of the Debt Securities to the extent determined to constitute unearned interest.


2.
When the Warrant Agreement to be entered into in connection with the issuance of any Warrants has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Warrant Agent and the Company; the specific terms of the Warrants have been duly authorized and established in accordance with the Warrant Agreement; and such Warrants have been duly authorized, executed, issued and delivered in accordance with the Warrant Agreement and the applicable underwriting or other agreement against payment therefor, such Warrants will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability, and may be subject to possible judicial or regulatory actions giving effect to governmental actions or foreign laws affecting creditors' rights.


3.
When the Purchase Contract Agreement to be entered into in connection with the issuance of any Purchase Contracts has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Purchase Contract Agent and the Company; the specific terms of the Purchase Contracts have been duly authorized and established in accordance with the Purchase Contract Agreement; and such Purchase Contracts have been duly authorized, executed, issued and delivered in accordance with the Purchase Contract Agreement and the applicable underwriting or other agreement against payment therefor, such Purchase Contracts will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability, and may be subject to possible judicial or regulatory actions giving effect to governmental actions or foreign laws affecting creditors' rights.

IREN Limited
 3
January 21, 2025

4.
When the Unit Agreement to be entered into in connection with the issuance of any Units has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Unit Agent and the Company; the specific terms of the Units have been duly authorized and established in accordance with the Unit Agreement; and such Units have been duly authorized, executed, issued and delivered in accordance with the Unit Agreement and the applicable underwriting or other agreement against payment therefor, such Units will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability, and may be subject to possible judicial or regulatory actions giving effect to governmental actions or foreign laws affecting creditors' rights.


5.
When the Rights Agreement to be entered into in connection with the issuance of any Rights has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Rights Agent and the Company; the specific terms of the Rights have been duly authorized and established in accordance with the Rights Agreement; and such Rights have been duly authorized, executed, issued and delivered in accordance with the Rights Agreement and the applicable underwriting or other agreement against payment therefor, such Rights will constitute legal and valid obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability, and may be subject to possible judicial or regulatory actions giving effect to governmental actions or foreign laws affecting creditors' rights.

In connection with the opinions expressed above, we have assumed that, at or prior to the time of the delivery of any such security, (i) the Board of Directors of the Company shall have duly established the terms of such security and duly authorized the issuance and sale of such security and such authorization shall not have been modified or rescinded; (ii) the Company is, and shall remain, validly existing as a corporation in good standing (to the extent such concept exists) under the laws of Australia; (iii) the Registration Statement shall have become effective and such effectiveness shall not have been terminated or rescinded; (iv) the Indenture, the Debt Securities, the Warrant Agreement, the Purchase Contract Agreement, the Unit Agreement and the Rights Agreement are each valid, binding and enforceable agreements of each party thereto (other than as expressly covered above in respect of the Company); and (v) there shall not have occurred any change in law affecting the validity or enforceability of such security.  We have also assumed that (i) the terms of any security whose terms are established subsequent to the date hereof and the issuance, execution, delivery and performance by the Company of any such security (a) are within its corporate powers, (b) do not contravene, or constitute a default under, the Constitution or other constitutive documents of the Company, (c) require no action by or in respect of, or filing with, any governmental body, agency or official, and (d) do not contravene, or constitute a default under, any provision of applicable law or public policy or regulation or any judgment, injunction, order or decree or any agreement or other instrument binding upon the Company and (ii) any Warrant Agreement, Purchase Contract Agreement, Unit Agreement and Rights Agreement and any security issued pursuant to such agreements will be governed by the laws of the State of New York.

We are members of the Bar of the State of New York and the foregoing opinion is limited to the laws of the State of New York and the federal laws of the United States. Insofar as the foregoing opinion involves matters governed by the laws of Australia, we have relied, without independent inquiry or investigation, on the opinion of Clifford Chance LLP delivered to you today.

IREN Limited
 4
January 21, 2025
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement referred to above and further consent to the reference to our name under the caption “Legal Matters” in the prospectus, which is a part of the Registration Statement.  In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP

Exhibit 23.1

 
 
Raymond Chabot
Grant Thornton LLP
Suite 2000
National Bank Tower
600 De La Gauchetière Street West
Montréal, Quebec
H3B 4L8

T 514-878-2691
 

Consent of Independent Registered
Public Accounting Firm


We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference into this Registration Statement on Form F-3 of IREN Limited of our report dated August 28, 2024, on the consolidated financial statements of IREN Energy which appears in the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended June 30, 2024, of IREN Limited. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such registration statement and the prospectus and prospectus supplement included in such registration statement.
Yours very truly,
/s/ Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton LLP

Montreal, Quebec, Canada
January 21, 2025

Member of Grant Thornton International Ltd
  
rcgt.com

Exhibit 23.2



Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 

IREN Limited
Sydney, NSW, Australia
 
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference into this Registration Statement on Form F-3 of IREN Limited of our report dated September 13, 2022, relating to the consolidated financial statements of IREN Limited, formerly Iris Energy Limited, as of June 30, 2022, 2021 and 2020 and for the years then ended, which report appears in the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended June 30, 2024, of IREN Limited.

We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.

 
 /s/Armanino LLP
 
Dallas, Texas

January 21, 2025

Exhibit 107

Calculation of Filing Fee Tables

F-3
(Form Type)

IREN Limited
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities

 
Security
Type
Security
Class Title
Fee
Calculation
or Carry
Forward
Rule
Amount Registered
Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit
Maximum Aggregate Offering Price
Fee Rate
Amount of
Registration Fee
Carry Forward
Form Type
Carry Forward
File Number
Carry Forward
Initial Effective
Date
Filing Fee
Previously
Paid In
Connection
with Unsold
Securities to
be Carried
Forward
Newly Registered Securities
Fees to be Paid
Equity
Ordinary Shares
Rule 457(o)
(1)
 (1) (1) (1) (1)
     
Fees to be Paid
Debt
Debt Securities
Rule 457(o)
 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
     
Fees to be Paid
Other
Warrants
Rule 457(o)
 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
     
Fees to be Paid
Other
Subscription Rights
Rule 457(o)
 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
     
Fees to be Paid
Other
Purchase Contracts
Rule 457(o)
 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
     
Fees to be Paid
Other
Units
Rule 457(o)
 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
     
Fees to be Paid Unallocated (Universal) Shelf   Rule 457(o)     $0 0.00015310 $0        
Fees to be Paid
Equity
Ordinary Shares
Rule 457(o)
N/A
N/A
 $1,000,000,000
 0.00015310
$153,100
       
Fees Previously Paid
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
        
Carry Forward Securities
Carry Forward Securities
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
  
N/A
    
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
 
Total Offering Amounts
  
$1,000,000,000
  
$153,100
                
 
Total Fees Previously Paid
      
—
                
 
Total Fee Offsets
      
$1,040.32
                
 
Net Fee Due
      
$152,059.68
                


(1)
The registrant is relying on Rule 456(b) and Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to defer payment of all registration fees for each identified class of securities. In connection with the securities offered hereby, the registrant will pay “pay-as-you-go registration fees” in accordance with Rule 456(b). The registrant will calculate the registration fee applicable to an offer of securities pursuant to this registration statement based on the fee payment rate in effect on the date of such fee payment. An indeterminate amount of securities of each identified class of securities to be offered at indeterminate prices is being registered pursuant to this registration statement, including securities that may be issued upon exercise, conversion or exchange of, or pursuant to anti-dilution adjustments or pursuant to a share dividend, share split or similar transaction with respect to, any securities offered hereunder. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities.


 
Registrant or Filer Name
Form or Filing Type
File Number
Initial Filing Date
Filing Date
Fee Offset Claimed
Security Type Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
Security Title Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
Unsold Securities Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
Unsold Aggregate Offering Amount Associated with Fee
Offset Claimed
Fee Paid with Fee Offset Source
Rules 457(b) and 0-11(a)(2)
Fees Offset
Claims
                      
Fees Offset
Sources
                      
Rule 457(p)
Fees Offset
Claims
IREN Limited (f/k/a Iris Energy Ltd.)
 Form F-3 333-279427 May 15, 2024   $1,040.32(1) Unallocated (Universal) Shelf Unallocated (Universal) Shelf N/A $6,795,066.94  
Fees Offset
Sources
 		IREN Limited (f/k/a Iris Energy Ltd.) Form F-3 333-279427   May 15, 2024           $1,040.32

Rule 457(p) Statement of Withdrawal, Termination, or Completion:


(1)
Pursuant to its Registration Statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-279427), filed with the SEC on May 15, 2024 and declared effective on May 28, 2024 (the “Prior Registration Statement”), the Registrant previously registered such indeterminate number of securities of each of identified class as may be sold from time to time at indeterminate prices, with an initial aggregate public offering price not to exceed $500,000,000. The identified classes of securities registered pursuant to the Prior Registration Statement were (a) Ordinary Shares; (b) Debt Securities; (c) Warrants; (d) Subscription Rights; (e) Purchase Contracts; and (f) Units. $6,795,066.94 of the securities registered pursuant to the Prior Registration Statement remain unsold at the termination of the offering contemplated by such registration statement, leaving $1,040.32 in previously paid fees available for future offset. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) of the Securities Act, the Registrant is using $1,040.32 of the previously paid and unused fees to offset the registration fees required in connection with this registration statement.
0001878848 EX-FILING FEES F-3ASR 0001878848 2025-01-21 2025-01-21 0001878848 1 2025-01-21 2025-01-21 0001878848 2 2025-01-21 2025-01-21 0001878848 3 2025-01-21 2025-01-21 0001878848 4 2025-01-21 2025-01-21 0001878848 5 2025-01-21 2025-01-21 0001878848 6 2025-01-21 2025-01-21 0001878848 7 2025-01-21 2025-01-21 0001878848 8 2025-01-21 2025-01-21 0001878848 1 2025-01-21 2025-01-21 0001878848 2 2025-01-21 2025-01-21 iso4217:USD xbrli:pure
v3.24.4
Submission
Jan. 21, 2025
Submission [Line Items]  
Central Index Key 0001878848
Registrant Name IREN Limited
Form Type F-3
Submission Type F-3ASR
Fee Exhibit Type EX-FILING FEES
v3.24.4
Offerings
Jan. 21, 2025
USD ($)
Offering: 1  
Offering:  
Fee Previously Paid false
Rule 457(o) true
Security Type Equity
Security Class Title Ordinary Shares
Offering Note
(1)
The registrant is relying on Rule 456(b) and Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to defer payment of all registration fees for each identified class of securities. In connection with the securities offered hereby, the registrant will pay “pay-as-you-go registration fees” in accordance with Rule 456(b). The registrant will calculate the registration fee applicable to an offer of securities pursuant to this registration statement based on the fee payment rate in effect on the date of such fee payment. An indeterminate amount of securities of each identified class of securities to be offered at indeterminate prices is being registered pursuant to this registration statement, including securities that may be issued upon exercise, conversion or exchange of, or pursuant to anti-dilution adjustments or pursuant to a share dividend, share split or similar transaction with respect to, any securities offered hereunder. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities.
Offering: 2  
Offering:  
Fee Previously Paid false
Rule 457(o) true
Security Type Debt
Security Class Title Debt Securities
Offering Note
(1)
The registrant is relying on Rule 456(b) and Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to defer payment of all registration fees for each identified class of securities. In connection with the securities offered hereby, the registrant will pay “pay-as-you-go registration fees” in accordance with Rule 456(b). The registrant will calculate the registration fee applicable to an offer of securities pursuant to this registration statement based on the fee payment rate in effect on the date of such fee payment. An indeterminate amount of securities of each identified class of securities to be offered at indeterminate prices is being registered pursuant to this registration statement, including securities that may be issued upon exercise, conversion or exchange of, or pursuant to anti-dilution adjustments or pursuant to a share dividend, share split or similar transaction with respect to, any securities offered hereunder. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities.
Offering: 3  
Offering:  
Fee Previously Paid false
Rule 457(o) true
Security Type Other
Security Class Title Warrants
Offering Note
(1)
The registrant is relying on Rule 456(b) and Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to defer payment of all registration fees for each identified class of securities. In connection with the securities offered hereby, the registrant will pay “pay-as-you-go registration fees” in accordance with Rule 456(b). The registrant will calculate the registration fee applicable to an offer of securities pursuant to this registration statement based on the fee payment rate in effect on the date of such fee payment. An indeterminate amount of securities of each identified class of securities to be offered at indeterminate prices is being registered pursuant to this registration statement, including securities that may be issued upon exercise, conversion or exchange of, or pursuant to anti-dilution adjustments or pursuant to a share dividend, share split or similar transaction with respect to, any securities offered hereunder. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities.
Offering: 4  
Offering:  
Fee Previously Paid false
Rule 457(o) true
Security Type Other
Security Class Title Subscription Rights
Offering Note
(1)
The registrant is relying on Rule 456(b) and Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to defer payment of all registration fees for each identified class of securities. In connection with the securities offered hereby, the registrant will pay “pay-as-you-go registration fees” in accordance with Rule 456(b). The registrant will calculate the registration fee applicable to an offer of securities pursuant to this registration statement based on the fee payment rate in effect on the date of such fee payment. An indeterminate amount of securities of each identified class of securities to be offered at indeterminate prices is being registered pursuant to this registration statement, including securities that may be issued upon exercise, conversion or exchange of, or pursuant to anti-dilution adjustments or pursuant to a share dividend, share split or similar transaction with respect to, any securities offered hereunder. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities.
Offering: 5  
Offering:  
Fee Previously Paid false
Rule 457(o) true
Security Type Other
Security Class Title Purchase Contracts
Offering Note
(1)
The registrant is relying on Rule 456(b) and Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to defer payment of all registration fees for each identified class of securities. In connection with the securities offered hereby, the registrant will pay “pay-as-you-go registration fees” in accordance with Rule 456(b). The registrant will calculate the registration fee applicable to an offer of securities pursuant to this registration statement based on the fee payment rate in effect on the date of such fee payment. An indeterminate amount of securities of each identified class of securities to be offered at indeterminate prices is being registered pursuant to this registration statement, including securities that may be issued upon exercise, conversion or exchange of, or pursuant to anti-dilution adjustments or pursuant to a share dividend, share split or similar transaction with respect to, any securities offered hereunder. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities.
Offering: 6  
Offering:  
Fee Previously Paid false
Rule 457(o) true
Security Type Other
Security Class Title Units
Offering Note
(1)
The registrant is relying on Rule 456(b) and Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to defer payment of all registration fees for each identified class of securities. In connection with the securities offered hereby, the registrant will pay “pay-as-you-go registration fees” in accordance with Rule 456(b). The registrant will calculate the registration fee applicable to an offer of securities pursuant to this registration statement based on the fee payment rate in effect on the date of such fee payment. An indeterminate amount of securities of each identified class of securities to be offered at indeterminate prices is being registered pursuant to this registration statement, including securities that may be issued upon exercise, conversion or exchange of, or pursuant to anti-dilution adjustments or pursuant to a share dividend, share split or similar transaction with respect to, any securities offered hereunder. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities.
Offering: 7  
Offering:  
Fee Previously Paid false
Rule 457(o) true
Security Type Unallocated (Universal) Shelf
Maximum Aggregate Offering Price $ 0
Fee Rate 0.01531%
Amount of Registration Fee $ 0
Offering: 8  
Offering:  
Fee Previously Paid false
Rule 457(o) true
Security Type Equity
Security Class Title Ordinary Shares
Maximum Aggregate Offering Price $ 1,000,000,000
Fee Rate 0.01531%
Amount of Registration Fee $ 153,100
v3.24.4
Offsets
Jan. 21, 2025
USD ($)
Offset: 1  
Offset Payment:  
Offset Claimed true
Rule 457(p) Offset true
Registrant or Filer Name IREN Limited
Form or Filing Type F-3
File Number 333-279427
Initial Filing Date May 15, 2024
Fee Offset Claimed $ 1,040.32
Security Type Associated with Fee Offset Claimed Unallocated (Universal) Shelf
Security Title Associated with Fee Offset Claimed Unallocated (Universal) Shelf
Unsold Aggregate Offering Amount Associated with Fee Offset Claimed $ 6,795,066.94
Termination / Withdrawal Statement
(1)
Pursuant to its Registration Statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-279427), filed with the SEC on May 15, 2024 and declared effective on May 28, 2024 (the “Prior Registration Statement”), the Registrant previously registered such indeterminate number of securities of each of identified class as may be sold from time to time at indeterminate prices, with an initial aggregate public offering price not to exceed $500,000,000. The identified classes of securities registered pursuant to the Prior Registration Statement were (a) Ordinary Shares; (b) Debt Securities; (c) Warrants; (d) Subscription Rights; (e) Purchase Contracts; and (f) Units. $6,795,066.94 of the securities registered pursuant to the Prior Registration Statement remain unsold at the termination of the offering contemplated by such registration statement, leaving $1,040.32 in previously paid fees available for future offset. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) of the Securities Act, the Registrant is using $1,040.32 of the previously paid and unused fees to offset the registration fees required in connection with this registration statement.
Offset: 2  
Offset Payment:  
Offset Claimed false
Rule 457(p) Offset true
Registrant or Filer Name IREN Limited
Form or Filing Type F-3
File Number 333-279427
Filing Date May 15, 2024
Fee Paid with Fee Offset Source $ 1,040.32
v3.24.4
Fees Summary
Jan. 21, 2025
USD ($)
Fees Summary [Line Items]  
Total Offering $ 1,000,000,000
Previously Paid Amount 0
Total Fee Amount 153,100
Total Offset Amount 1,040.32
Net Fee $ 152,059.68
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