As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 10, 2015 |
Registration No. 333- |
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES
ACT OF 1933
SYNTHETIC BIOLOGICS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in
Its Charter)
Nevada
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization) |
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13-3808303
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number) |
155 Gibbs Street, Suite 412
Rockville, Maryland 20850
(734) 332-7800
(Address, Including Zip
Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)
617 Detroit Street, Suite 100 |
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 |
(Mailing Address and zip code)
Jeffrey Riley
Chief Executive Officer and President
Synthetic Biologics, Inc.
155 Gibbs Street, Suite 412
Rockville, Maryland 20850
(734) 332-7800
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone
Number, Including Area Code of Agent for Service)
With copies to:
Leslie Marlow, Esq.
Gracin & Marlow, LLP
The Chrysler Building
405 Lexington Avenue, 26th Floor
New York, New York 10174
(212) 907-6457
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.
If the
only securities being registered on this form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check
the following box. ¨
If any
of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under
the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check
the following box. þ
If this
form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check
the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for
the same offering. ¨
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering.
If this
Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective
upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ¨
If this
Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register
additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following
box. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated
filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated
filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check
one):
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Large accelerated filer ¨ |
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Accelerated filer þ |
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Non-accelerated
filer ¨
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
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Smaller reporting
company ¨ |
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of each class of securities to be registered | |
Amount to be registered/proposed maximum offering price per unit/proposed maximum aggregate offering price | | |
Amount of registration fee | |
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share | |
| | (1)(2) | |
| — | |
Warrants | |
| | (1) | |
| — | |
Units | |
| | (1) | |
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Total | |
$ | 100,000,000 | (3) | |
$ | 11,620 | (4) |
(1) |
An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices. |
(2) |
Includes rights to acquire common stock of the Company under any shareholder rights plan then in effect, if applicable under the terms of any such plan. |
(3) |
The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the Company in connection with the issuance by the Company of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. |
(4) |
The registration fee has been calculated in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. |
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such
date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically
states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities
Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission,
acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this
preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek
an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion, dated
April 10, 2015.
PROSPECTUS
$100,000,000
Common Stock
Warrants
Units
We may offer and sell up to $100 million in
the aggregate of the securities identified above from time to time in one or more offerings. This prospectus provides you with
a general description of the securities.
Each time we offer and sell securities, we
will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and the amounts, prices and
terms of the securities. The supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to
that offering. You should carefully read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement before you invest in any of our
securities.
We may offer and sell the securities described
in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement to or through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers,
or through a combination of these methods. If any underwriters, dealers or agents are involved in the sale of any of the securities,
their names and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between or among them will be set forth,
or will be calculable from the information set forth, in the applicable prospectus supplement. See the sections of this prospectus
entitled “About this Prospectus” and “Plan of Distribution” for more information. No securities may be
sold without delivery of this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering
of such securities.
This prospectus may not be used to sell securities unless it
is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES INVOLVES RISKS. SEE THE
“RISK FACTORS” ON PAGE 5 OF THIS PROSPECTUS AND ANY SIMILAR SECTION CONTAINED IN THE APPLICABLE PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT CONCERNING FACTORS YOU SHOULD CONSIDER BEFORE INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES.
Our common stock is traded on NYSE MKT under
the symbol “SYN”. On April 7, 2015, the last reported sale price for the common stock was $2.04 per share. We urge
prospective purchasers of our common stock to obtain current information about the market prices of our common stock.
Our executive offices are located at 155 Gibbs
Street, Suite 412, Rockville, Maryland 20850 and our administrative offices are located at 617 Detroit Street, Suite 100, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48104. Our telephone number is (734) 332-7800.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission
nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of
the prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is , 2015.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
The registration statement containing this
prospectus, including the exhibits to the registration statement, provides additional information about us and the common stock
offered under this prospectus. The registration statement, including the exhibits and the documents incorporated herein by reference,
can be read on the Securities and Exchange Commission website or at the Securities and Exchange Commission offices mentioned under
the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is not an offer or solicitation
in respect to these securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer or solicitation would be unlawful. This prospectus
is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The
registration statement that contains this prospectus (including the exhibits to the registration statement) contains additional
information about our company and the securities offered under this prospectus. That registration statement can be read
at the SEC website or at the SEC’s offices listed under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.” We
have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information or additional information. You should not
assume that the information in this prospectus, or any supplement or amendment to this prospectus, is accurate at any date other
than the date indicated on the cover page of such documents.
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
Our Business
We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company
developing pathogen-specific therapies for serious infections and diseases, with a focus on protecting the microbiome. We are developing
an oral biologic to protect the gut microbiome (gastrointestinal (GI) microflora) from intravenous (IV) antibiotics for the prevention
of C. difficile infection, an oral statin treatment to reduce the impact of methane producing organisms on irritable bowel syndrome
with constipation (IBS-C) and a monoclonal antibody combination for the treatment of Pertussis. In addition, we are developing
a Phase 2 oral estriol drug for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and cognitive dysfunction in MS.
Product Pipeline:
Summary of Pathogen-Specific Therapy Programs:
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C. difficile infections (CDI): We are in clinical development of a novel second-generation oral enzyme candidate, SYN-004, for co-administration with commonly used IV beta-lactam antibiotics, intended to protect the microbiome and prevent the development of and severe effects from CDI. CDIs are a leading type of hospital acquired infection (HAI) and are frequently associated with IV antibiotic treatment. Designed to be given orally and co-administered with certain IV beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillins and cephalosporins), SYN-004 is intended to protect the gut while the IV antibiotics fight the primary infection. SYN-004 is believed to not only have a similar profile to its first-generation predecessor, which demonstrated protection of the microbiome (gut flora) during treatment with certain penicillins, but also has the potential to act against a broader spectrum of IV beta-lactam antibiotics. Beta-lactam antibiotics are a mainstay in hospital infection management and include the commonly used penicillin and cephalosporin classes of antibiotics. SYN-004’s target market is significant and represented by annual U.S. hospitals purchases of approximately 118 million doses of IV beta-lactam antibiotics which are administered to approximately 14 million patients.* Currently there are no approved treatments designed to protect the gut microbiome from the damaging effects of IV antibiotics. This worldwide market could represent a multi-billion dollar opportunity for us. In December 2014, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) issued Patent No. 8,894,994 that has claims to compositions of matter and pharmaceutical compositions of beta-lactamases, including SYN-004, and carries a patent term to at least 2031. We also have an extensive patent estate on other aspects of this program which includes patent applications that could carry a term to at least 2035. In the fourth quarter of 2014, we initiated our randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled Phase 1a clinical trial, reported positive topline safety and tolerability results from the Phase 1a clinical trial, and initiated the Phase 1b clinical trial evaluating multiple ascending doses of SYN-004. In February 2015, we reported positive topline results from the Phase 1b clinical trial of escalating doses of oral SYN-004, with no safety or tolerability issues reported at dose levels and dose regimens both meeting and exceeding those expected to be studied in upcoming clinical trials. In March 2015, we reported positive pharmacokinetics data from both Phase 1 clinical trials, with supportive evidence that SYN-004 should have no effect on the IV antibiotic in the bloodstream, allowing the antibiotic to fight the primary infection. We also initiated a Phase 2a clinical trial to evaluate the GI antibiotic-degrading effects and the safety of SYN-004. The initiation of a Phase 2b proof-of-concept clinical trial is expected in the second half of 2015, with Phase 2b topline data anticipated during the second half of 2015. |
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This information is an estimate derived from
the use of information under license from the following IMS Health Incorporated information service: CDM Hospital database for
full year 2012. IMS expressly reserves all rights, including rights of copying, distribution and republication.
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IBS-C: In December 2013,
through our majority-owned subsidiary, Synthetic Biomics, Inc., we entered into a worldwide exclusive license agreement with Cedars-Sinai
Medical Center (CSMC) for the right to develop products for therapeutic and prophylactic treatments of acute and chronic diseases,
including the development of SYN-010 to target IBS-C. An investigational team led by Mark Pimentel, M.D., at CSMC discovered that
SYN-010 may reduce the production of methane gas by certain gastrointestinal (GI) microorganisms. Methane produced by these organisms
is perceived as an underlying cause of pain, bloating, and constipation associated with IBS-C, and may contribute to the pathology
of other diseases. SYN-010 is a modified release formulation of a statin being designed to reduce the impact of methane producing
organisms on IBS-C. A 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway is anticipated for the development of SYN-010. We licensed an extensive intellectual
property portfolio from CSMS including granted use patents and pending patent applications for SYN-010. Additional worldwide patent
filings having composition of matter claims, which were recently filed by CSMC and licensed to us, could extend patent protection
of SYN-010 to 2035. Based on guidance from the members on our IBS clinical advisory board, we plan to file an Investigational New
Drug (IND) application with the U.S. FDA to support the initiation of Phase 2 clinical trials in the second quarter of 2015, with
Phase 2 topline data anticipated during the second half of 2015.
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Pertussis: In December 2012,
in collaboration with Intrexon Corporation (NYSE: XON) (Intrexon), we initiated development of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy
for the treatment of Pertussis infections, more commonly known as whooping cough. Combining two mAbs, SYN-005 is designed to target
and neutralize pertussis toxin as a prophylaxis for high-risk newborns and in order to reduce the mortality rate in infected infants.
To further the development of this potential therapy for Pertussis, we entered into an agreement with The University of Texas at
Austin (UT) to license the rights to certain research and pending patents related to pertussis antibodies. We have patents pending
on compositions and uses of SYN-005 and we have an issued U.S. patent on other pertussis mAbs from UT. According to the World Health
Organization, each year, B. pertussis infection is estimated to cause up to 300,000 deaths worldwide, primarily among unvaccinated
infants. Positive preclinical research findings for SYN-005 were reported in April 2014, and again in September 2014, for our proprietary
mAb combination therapy for treating Pertussis, in non-human primate studies. In September 2014 we received a U.S. Orphan Drug
designation for SYN-005 for the treatment of Pertussis. We intend to seek non-dilutive funding to support preclinical and clinical
development of SYN-005 for prophylaxis and treatment of Pertussis, including the anticipated filing of an IND application in 2015
and the anticipated initiation of a Phase 1 clinical trial during the second half of 2015, with topline Phase 1 data expected during
2015.
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Acinetobacter infections: In
September 2012, in collaboration with Intrexon, we initiated efforts to develop a mAb therapy for the treatment of Acinetobacter
infections. Many strains of Acinetobacter are multidrug-resistant and pose an increasing global threat to hospitalized patients,
wounded military personnel and those affected by natural disasters. A treatment for Acinetobacter infections represents
a billion dollar market opportunity. This program is in the discovery stage and the generation of a panel of antibodies to treat
this infection is ongoing.
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Summary of Multiple Sclerosis Program:
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Relapsing-Remitting MS: Patient follow-up is complete in the UCLA-led Phase 2, investigator-initiated, randomized (n = 158), double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial which evaluated our drug candidate, Trimesta, in women with relapsing-remitting MS at 16 sites across the U.S. In April 2014, the principal investigator presented positive Phase 2 topline efficacy and safety results. In September 2014, the lead principal investigator presented additional Phase 2 clinical outcome data, including more detailed results on improvements in cognitive and disability measures, at the 2014 Joint Americas and European Committees for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis Meeting (ACTRIMS-ECTRIMS) in Boston. The data as reported by the lead principal investigator for the UCLA-led Phase 2 study provided supportive data for the potential of Trimesta to have a novel dual mechanism of action for both the anti-inflammatory effects that improve relapse rate, and a neuroprotective effect that improves standard measures of disability and cognition. Further analyses of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data are ongoing, with topline data expected from the principal investigator during the first half of 2015. This investigator-initiated Phase 2 clinical trial was supported by grants exceeding $8 million, awarded primarily by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) in partnership with the NMSS’s Southern California chapter, and the National Institutes of Health. Annual worldwide sales of MS therapies are forecasted to be approximately $17.8 billion in 2019. We have licensed issued method of treatment patents in the U.S. for MS therapy with estriol and estriol combination therapies (including estriol with Copaxone®) from UCLA, and numerous new provisional patent applications have been filed based on the Phase 2 clinical results. We are engaging with the neurology community and potential strategic partners, as we determine next steps for Trimesta. |
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Cognitive Dysfunction in MS: Trimesta is also being developed for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in female MS patients. This 12-month, UCLA-led, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled investigator-initiated Phase 2 clinical trial is being conducted at four sites in the United States. The primary endpoint is the effect on cognitive function as assessed by Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Patient enrollment is ongoing. The majority of the costs of this trial are being funded by grants from foundations and charitable organizations through direct funding to the principal investigator and we have pledged approximately $500,000 to UCLA to partially fund this trial, payable over three years. An estimated 50 – 65% of MS patients are expected to develop disabilities due to cognitive dysfunction and there is currently no approved treatment for this indication. |
Since our inception in January 2001, our efforts
and resources have been focused primarily on acquiring and developing our product candidates, our clinical trials, raising capital,
manufacturing and recruiting personnel. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through public and private sales of
our common stock, and we expect to continue to seek to obtain the required capital in a similar manner. We have incurred an accumulated
deficit of $101.0 million through December 31, 2014. We cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to achieve profitability
on a sustained basis, if at all, obtain the required funding, obtain the required regulatory approvals, or complete additional
corporate partnering or acquisition transactions.
Company History
Our predecessor, Sheffield Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., was incorporated in 1986, and in 2006 engaged in a reverse merger with Pipex Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation formed
in 2001. After the merger, we changed our name to Pipex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and in October 2008 we changed our name to Adeona
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. On October 15, 2009, we engaged in a merger with a wholly owned subsidiary for the purpose of reincorporating
in the State of Nevada. After reprioritizing our focus on the emerging area of synthetic biologics and entering into our first
collaboration with Intrexon, we amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to Synthetic Biologics, Inc. on February
15, 2012.
Corporate Information
Our executive offices are located at 155 Gibbs
Street, Suite 412, Rockville, Maryland 20850. We also maintain an administrative and finance office in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Our
telephone number is (732) 332-7800, and our website address is www.syntheticbiologics.com.
The information contained on our website is not part of, and should not be construed as being incorporated by reference into this
prospectus supplement.
As used in this prospectus supplement, unless the context otherwise
requires, references to “Synthetic,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and similar references
refer to Synthetic Biologics, Inc.
RISK FACTORS
An
investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You
should consider carefully the risks discussed under the section captioned “Risk Factors” contained in our most
recent annual report on Form 10-K and in our subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, as updated by our subsequent filings
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) each of which is incorporated by
reference in this prospectus in its entirety, together with other information in this prospectus, and the information and
documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in
connection with this offering before you make a decision to invest in our common stock. If any of these events actually
occur, our business, operating results, prospects or financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. This
could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline and you may lose all or part of your investment.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the statements contained or incorporated
by reference in this prospectus may include forward-looking statements that reflect our current views with respect to our ongoing
and planned clinical trials, business strategy, business plan, financial performance and other future events. These statements
include forward-looking statements both with respect to us, specifically, and the biotechnology sector, in general. We make these
statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements that include
the words “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “project,” “estimate,”
“may,” “should,” “anticipate,” “will” and similar statements of a future or forward-looking
nature identify forward-looking statements for purposes of the federal securities laws or otherwise.
All forward-looking statements involve inherent
risks and uncertainties, and there are or will be important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those
indicated in these statements. We believe that these factors include, but are not limited to, those factors set forth under the
caption “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and under the captions “Risk Factors,” “Business,”
and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in our most recent
Annual Report on Form 10-K and our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form10-Q, all of which you should review carefully. Please
consider our forward-looking statements in light of those risks as you read this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.
We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information,
future developments or otherwise.
If one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties
materializes, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may vary materially from what we anticipate.
All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or individuals acting on our behalf are expressly
qualified in their entirety by this Note. Before purchasing any shares of common stock, you should consider carefully all of the
factors set forth or referred to in this prospectus that could cause actual results to differ.
USE OF PROCEEDS
We intend to use the net proceeds, if any,
from the sales of securities offered by this prospectus for general corporate purposes, which may include, among other things,
increasing our working capital and funding clinical trials, research and development, and capital expenditures. In addition, we
may use a portion of the net proceeds for licensing or acquiring intellectual property to incorporate into our products and product
candidates, and/or to in-license, acquire or invest in complementary businesses or products; however, we have no current commitments
or obligations to do so.
The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures
will depend on numerous factors, including our development and commercialization efforts, as well as the amount of cash used in
our operations. We therefore cannot estimate with certainty the amount of net proceeds to be used for the purposes described above.
We may find it necessary or advisable to use the net proceeds for other purposes, and we will have broad discretion in the application
of the net proceeds. Pending the uses described above, we plan to invest the net proceeds from this offering in short-term, investment-grade,
interest-bearing securities.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never paid cash dividends on our common
stock. Moreover, we do not anticipate paying periodic cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. We intend
to use all available cash and liquid assets in the operation and growth of our business. Any future determination about the payment
of dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our earnings, if any, capital requirements,
operating and financial conditions and on such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
Authorized Capital
Our authorized capital consists of 100 million
shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 10 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. As of
April 1, 2015, 72,725,987 shares of common stock and no shares of preferred stock were outstanding.
Common Stock
We may issue shares of our common stock from
time to time. Holders of shares of common stock have the right to cast one vote for each share of common stock in their name on
our books, whether represented in person or by proxy, on all matters submitted to a vote of holders of common stock, including
election of directors. There is no right to cumulative voting in election of directors. Except where a greater requirement is provided
by statute, by our articles of incorporation, or by our bylaws, the presence, in person or by proxy duly authorized, of the one
or more holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock constitutes a quorum for the transaction of business.
The vote by the holders of a majority of outstanding shares is required to effect certain fundamental corporate changes such as
liquidation, merger, or amendment of our articles of incorporation. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of
our common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preferences
of any outstanding shares of preferred stock.
There are no restrictions in our articles of
incorporation or bylaws that prevent us from declaring dividends. We have not declared any dividends, and we do not plan to declare
any dividends in the foreseeable future.
Holders of shares of our common stock are not
entitled to preemptive or subscription or conversion rights, and no redemption or sinking fund provisions are applicable to our
common stock. All outstanding shares of common stock are, and the shares of common stock sold in the offering will when issued
be fully paid and non-assessable.
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
Warrants
As of April 1, 2015, we had issued and outstanding
a total of 7,974,794 warrants to purchase our common stock outstanding at a weighted-average price of $1.80.
We may issue warrants for the purchase of common
stock. We may issue warrants independently or in combination with common stock. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain
general features of the warrants. We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any related free writing
prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the particular series of warrants being offered, as well as
any warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants. We will file as exhibits to the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form
of warrant and/or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, that contain the terms of the particular series
of warrants we are offering, and any supplemental agreements, before the issuance of such warrants.
Any warrants issued under this prospectus may
be evidenced by warrant certificates. Warrants also may be issued under an applicable warrant agreement that we enter into with
a warrant agent. We will indicate the name and address of the warrant agent, if applicable, in the prospectus supplement relating
to the particular series of warrants being offered.
The following description, together with the
additional information that we include in any applicable prospectus supplement and in any related free writing prospectus that
we may authorize to be distributed to you, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer under
this prospectus, which may be issued in one or more series. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any
warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants in more detail
in the applicable prospectus supplement and in any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be distributed to you.
The following description of warrants will apply to the warrants offered by this prospectus unless we provide otherwise in the
applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement for a particular series of warrants may specify different
or additional terms.
The summary below and that contained in any
prospectus supplement is qualified in its entirety by reference to all of the provisions of the warrant and/or the warrant agreement
and warrant certificate, as applicable, applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read the applicable
prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses related to the warrants that we may offer under this prospectus,
as well as the complete warrant and/or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, that contains the terms of
the warrants.
General
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms
of the series of warrants being offered, including:
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the offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered; |
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the currency for which the warrants may be purchased; |
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if applicable, the number of warrants issued with each such security; |
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the number of shares of common stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise; |
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the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreements and the warrants; |
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the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants; |
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any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; |
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the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire; |
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the manner in which the warrant agreements and warrants may be modified; |
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a discussion of any material or special U.S. federal income tax considerations of holding or exercising the warrants; |
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the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and |
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any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants. |
Before exercising their warrants, holders of
warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including the right to receive
dividends, if any, or, payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise voting rights, if any:
Exercise of Warrants
Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase
the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable
prospectus supplement. The warrants may be exercised as set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the warrants offered.
Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, warrants may be exercised at any time up to the close of business
on the expiration date set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the warrants offered thereby. After the close of business
on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.
Upon receipt of payment and the warrant or
warrant certificate, as applicable, properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent, if
any, or any other office, including ours, indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as practicable, issue and deliver
the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If less than all of the warrants (or the warrants represented by such warrant certificate)
are exercised, a new warrant or a new warrant certificate, as applicable, will be issued for the remaining warrants.
Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants
Each warrant agent, if any, will act solely
as our agent under the applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with
any holder of any warrant. A warrant agent may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have
no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or
responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may, without
the consent of the related warrant agent or the holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to exercise,
and receive the securities purchasable upon exercise of, its warrants.
Governing Law
Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable
prospectus supplement, the warrants and any warrant agreements will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of
the State of New York.
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS
Units
We may issue units consisting of any combination
of our common stock and warrants. We will issue each unit so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included
in the unit. As a result, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The
unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred
separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.
The summary below and that contained in any
prospectus supplement is qualified in its entirety by reference to all of the provisions of the unit agreement and/or unit certificate,
and depositary arrangements, if applicable. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements and any related free writing
prospectuses related to the units that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as the complete unit agreement and/or unit certificate,
and depositary arrangements, as applicable, that contain the terms of the units.
We will file as exhibits to the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form
of unit agreement and/or unit certificate, and depositary arrangements, as applicable, that contain the terms of the particular
series of units we are offering, and any supplemental agreements, before the issuance of such units.
The applicable prospectus supplement, information
incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus may describe:
|
• |
|
the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately; |
|
• |
|
any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer, or exchange of the units or of the securities composing the units; |
|
• |
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whether the units will be issued in fully registered or global form; and |
|
• |
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any other terms of the units. |
The applicable provisions described in this
section, as well as those described under “Common Stock” and “Warrants” above, will apply to each unit
and to each security included in each unit, respectively
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell the securities from time to time
pursuant to underwritten public offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods or through underwriters
or dealers, through agents and/or directly to one or more purchasers. The securities may be distributed from time to time in one
or more transactions:
|
• |
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at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed; |
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• |
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at market prices prevailing at the time of sale; |
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• |
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at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or |
Each time that we sell securities covered by
this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement or supplements that will describe the method of distribution and set forth
the terms and conditions of the offering of such securities, including the offering price of the securities and the proceeds to
us, if applicable.
Offers to purchase the securities being offered
by this prospectus may be solicited directly. Agents may also be designated to solicit offers to purchase the securities from time
to time. Any agent involved in the offer or sale of our securities will be identified in a prospectus supplement.
If a dealer is utilized in the sale of the
securities being offered by this prospectus, the securities will be sold to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell
the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale.
If an underwriter is utilized in the sale of
the securities being offered by this prospectus, an underwriting agreement will be executed with the underwriter at the time of
sale and the name of any underwriter will be provided in the prospectus supplement that the underwriter will use to make resales
of the securities to the public. In connection with the sale of the securities, we, or the purchasers of securities for whom the
underwriter may act as agent, may compensate the underwriter in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions. The underwriter
may sell the securities to or through dealers, and those dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions
or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for which they may act as agent. Unless otherwise indicated
in a prospectus supplement, an agent will be acting on a best efforts basis and a dealer will purchase securities as a principal,
and may then resell the securities at varying prices to be determined by the dealer.
Any compensation paid to underwriters, dealers
or agents in connection with the offering of the securities, and any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters
to participating dealers will be provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. Underwriters, dealers and agents participating
in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any discounts
and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts
and commissions. We may enter into agreements to indemnify underwriters, dealers and agents against civil liabilities, including
liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments they may be required to make in respect thereof and to reimburse
those persons for certain expenses.
Any common stock will be listed on the NYSE
MKT, but any other securities may or may not be listed on a national securities exchange. To facilitate the offering of securities,
certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price
of the securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involve the sale by persons participating
in the offering of more securities than were sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such over-allotments
or short positions by making purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment option, if any. In addition, these
persons may stabilize or maintain the price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the open market or by
imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if securities
sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize
or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. These transactions
may be discontinued at any time.
If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement,
underwriters or other persons acting as agents may be authorized to solicit offers by institutions or other suitable purchasers
to purchase the securities at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement, pursuant to delayed delivery contracts
providing for payment and delivery on the date or dates stated in the prospectus supplement. These purchasers may include, among
others, commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies and educational and charitable institutions.
Delayed delivery contracts will be subject to the condition that the purchase of the securities covered by the delayed delivery
contracts will not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of any jurisdiction in the United States to which the purchaser
is subject. The underwriters and agents will not have any responsibility with respect to the validity or performance of these contracts.
We may engage in at the market offerings into
an existing trading market in accordance with Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. In addition, we may enter into derivative
transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions.
If the applicable prospectus supplement so indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities
covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party
may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings
of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of
stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be named
in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post-effective amendment). In addition, we may otherwise loan or pledge securities
to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus and an applicable
prospectus supplement. Such financial institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in
our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.
The specific terms of any lock-up provisions
in respect of any given offering will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The underwriters, dealers and agents may engage
in transactions with us, or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of business for which they receive compensation.
LEGAL MATTERS
Gracin & Marlow, LLP, New York, New York will pass upon certain
legal matters related to the issuance and sale of the warrants and units offered hereby on our behalf and Parsons Behle & Latimer,
Reno, Nevada will pass upon certain legal matters relating to the issuance and sale of the common stock offered hereby on our behalf.
Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us or any underwriters, dealers, of agents, by counsel that we will name in the
applicable prospectus supplement.
EXPERTS
The financial statements of Synthetic Biologics, Inc. as of December
31, 2014 and 2013 and for each of the three years ended in the period ended December 31, 2014 and management’s assessment
of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014 incorporated by reference in this prospectus
have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered accounting firm, incorporated herein
by reference, given on authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and special reports,
proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file at the SEC’s public reference
room located at 100 F Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information
on the operation of the public reference room. Our public filings are also available to the public at the SEC’s web site
at http://www.sec.gov.
This prospectus is part of a registration statement
on Form S-3 that we have filed with the SEC under the Securities Act. This prospectus does not contain all of the information
in the registration statement. We have omitted certain parts of the registration statement, as permitted by the rules and regulations
of the SEC. You may inspect and copy the registration statement, including exhibits, at the SEC’s public reference room or
Internet site.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by
reference” the information we file with it which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you
to those documents instead of having to repeat the information in this prospectus. The information incorporated by reference is
considered to be part of this prospectus, and later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede
this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings made with the SEC (other than any
portions of any such documents that are not deemed “filed” under the Exchange Act in accordance with the Exchange Act
and applicable SEC rules) under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act between the date of this prospectus
and the termination of the offering:
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● |
Our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 filed with the SEC on March 16, 2015 (File No. 001-12584); |
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● |
Our current reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 12, 2015 (with respect to Item 5.02 of Form 8-K) and March 19, 2015 (File No. 001-12584); |
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Our preliminary proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on March 23, 2015 (File No. 001-12584); and |
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● |
The description of our common stock set forth in our registration statement on Form 8-A12B, filed with the SEC on June 20, 2007 (File No. 000-12584). |
You may obtain, free of charge, a copy of
any of these documents (other than exhibits to these documents unless the exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference
into these documents or referred to in this prospectus) by writing or calling us at the following address and telephone
number: Synthetic Biologics, Inc., 617 Detroit Street, Suite 100 Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48104. (734) 332-7800.
DISCLOSURE OF SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION
FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES
Our amended and restated bylaws and Articles
of Incorporation contain provisions that permit us to indemnify our directors and officers to the full extent permitted by Nevada
law, and our Articles of Incorporation, as amended, contains provisions that eliminate the personal liability of our directors
in each case for monetary damages to us or our stockholders for breach of their fiduciary duties, except to the extent that Nevada
law prohibits indemnification or elimination of liability. These provisions do not limit or eliminate our rights or the rights
of any stockholder to seek an injunction or any other non-monetary relief in the event of a breach of a director’s or officer’s
fiduciary duty. In addition, these provisions apply only to claims against a director or officer arising out of his or her role
as a director or officer and do not relieve a director or officer from liability if he or she engaged in willful misconduct or
a knowing violation of the criminal law or any federal or state securities law.
The rights of indemnification provided in our
amended and restated bylaws are not exclusive of any other rights that may be available under any insurance or other agreement,
by vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities
arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions,
we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC this type of indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS
| Item
14. | Other
Expenses of Issuance and Distribution. |
The following table sets forth the estimated
fees and expenses in connection with the shelf registration of the common stock registered under this registration statement, other
than any underwriting discounts and commissions. The actual amounts of such fees and expenses will be determined from time to time.
All amounts shown are estimates except for the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) registration fee.
SEC registration fee | |
$ | 11,620 | |
FINRA fee | |
| 15,500 | |
Legal fees and expenses | |
| (1) | |
Accounting fees and expenses | |
| (1) | |
Transfer agent and registrar fees and expenses | |
| (1) | |
Printing and engraving expenses | |
| (1) | |
Miscellaneous | |
| (1) | |
| |
| | |
Total | |
$ | (1) | |
| (1) | These fees are calculated based on the securities offered
and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time. |
| Item
15. | Indemnification
of Directors and Officers. |
Section 78.138 of the Nevada Revised Statute
provides that a director or officer is not individually liable to the corporation or its stockholders or creditors for any damages
as a result of any act or failure to act in his capacity as a director or officer unless it is proven that (1) his act or failure
to act constituted a breach of his fiduciary duties as a director or officer and (2) his breach of those duties involved intentional
misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of law.
This provision is intended to afford directors
and officers protection against and to limit their potential liability for monetary damages resulting from suits alleging a breach
of the duty of care by a director or officer. As a consequence of this provision, stockholders of our company will be unable to
recover monetary damages against directors or officers for action taken by them that may constitute negligence or gross negligence
in performance of their duties unless such conduct falls within one of the foregoing exceptions. The provision, however, does not
alter the applicable standards governing a director’s or officer’s fiduciary duty and does not eliminate or limit the
right of our company or any stockholder to obtain an injunction or any other type of non-monetary relief in the event of a breach
of fiduciary duty.
The Registrant’s Articles of Incorporation,
as amended, and amended and restated bylaws provide for indemnification of directors, officers, employees or agents of the Registrant
to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law (as amended from time to time). Section 78.7502 of the Nevada Revised
Statute provides that such indemnification may only be provided if the person acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably
believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interest of the Registrant and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding,
had no reasonable cause to behave his conduct was unlawful.
|
3.1 |
Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (Incorporated by reference to (i) Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 16, 2008 (File No. 001-12584), (ii) Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2001 filed August 14, 2001 (File No. 001-12584) and (iii) Exhibits 3.1, 4.1 and 4.2 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 1998 filed August 14, 1998 (File No. 001-12584). |
|
3.2 |
Articles of Merger (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 19, 2009 (File No. 001-12584)). |
|
3.3 |
Certificate of Merger filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 19, 2009 (File No. 001-12584)). |
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3.4 |
Articles of Incorporation filed with the Nevada Secretary of State (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 19, 2009 (File No. 001-12584)). |
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3.5 |
By-Laws (Incorporated by reference to (i) Exhibit 3.4 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 19, 2009 and (ii) Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 3, 2010 (File No. 001-12584)). |
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3.6 |
Amended and Restated Bylaws Adopted and Effective October 31, 2011 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 2, 2011 (File No. 001-12584)). |
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3.7 |
Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 16, 2012 (File No. 001-12584)). |
|
4.1 |
Specimen Stock Certificate evidencing shares of Common Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Registrant’s registration statement on Form S-3 filed on July 3, 2013 (File No. 333-189794)). |
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4.2 # |
Form of Warrant |
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4.3 # |
Form of Warrant Agreement |
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4.4 # |
Form of Unit |
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4.5 # |
Form of Unit Agreement |
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5.1(a) |
Legal opinion of Gracin & Marlow, LLP* |
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5.1(b) |
Legal opinion of Parsons Behle & Latimer* |
|
21 |
List of Subsidiaries
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2015
(File No. 001-12584)). |
|
23.1 |
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (BDO USA, LLP) * |
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23.2
23.3 |
Consent of Gracin & Marlow, LLP (included
in Exhibit 5.1(a))*
Consent of Parson Behle & Latimer (included
in Exhibit 5.1(b))* |
|
24.1 |
Powers of Attorney for our directors (included on signature page)* |
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*Filed herewith |
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# To be filed by amendment or as an amendment to a document to be incorporated by reference herein in connection with an
Offering of Securities to the extent applicable. |
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Item 17. |
Undertakings. |
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby
undertakes:
(1) To file, during any
period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To
include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To
reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent
post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set
forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if
the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high
end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b)
if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering
price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii) To
include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement
or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided, however , that the undertakings
set forth in paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective
amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section
13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement or
is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is a part of the registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose
of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration
statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the
initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration
by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4) That, for the purpose
of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
(i) Each prospectus filed
by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed
prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(ii) Each prospectus required
to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating
to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section
10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier
of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in
the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is
at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the
securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall
be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or
prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into
the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract
of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus
that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; and
(iii) Each
prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration
statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included
in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness; provided, however, that no statement
made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or
deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will,
as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in
the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately
prior to such date of first use.
(5) That, for the purpose
of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the
securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant
to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities
are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller
to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus
or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any free writing
prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned
registrant;
(iii) The portion of any
other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its
securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication
that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
(b) The undersigned registrant hereby
undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s
annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of
an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated
by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered
therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) Insofar as indemnification for
liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers, and controlling persons of the registrant
pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange
Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable.
In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred
or paid by a director, officer, or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding)
is asserted by such director, officer, or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant
will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate
jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933
and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(6) If this registration statement
is permitted by Rule 430A, that:
(i) For
purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of
prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus
filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b) (1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act of 1933 shall be
deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(ii) For the purpose of determining
any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed
to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time
shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing
on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in the City of Rockville, State of Maryland, April 10, 2015.
|
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SYNTHETIC BIOLOGICS, INC. |
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By: |
/s/ Jeffrey Riley |
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Chief Executive Officer,
President and Director |
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(Principal Executive Officer) |
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By: |
/s/ C. Evan Ballantyne |
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Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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POWER OF ATTORNEY
We, the undersigned hereby severally constitute
and appoint each of Jeffrey Riley and C. Evan Ballantyne our true and lawful attorney and agent, with full power to each to sign
for us, and in our names in the capacities indicated below, any and all amendments to this registration statement, any subsequent
registration statements pursuant to Rule 462 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same, with all exhibits
thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact
and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to
be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and
confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause
to be done by virtue hereof. This power of attorney may be executed in counterparts.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Act 1933, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates
indicated.
/s/ Jeffrey
Riley |
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Chief Executive Officer, |
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Jeffrey Riley |
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President and Director |
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April 10, 2015 |
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(Principal Executive Officer) |
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/s/ C. Evan Ballantyne |
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Chief Financial Officer |
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C. Evan Ballantyne |
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(Principal Financial and Accounting
Officer) |
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April 10, 2015 |
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/s/ Jeffrey J.
Kraws |
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Chairman |
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April 10, 2015 |
Jeffrey J. Kraws |
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/s/ Scott L. Tarriff |
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Director |
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April 10, 2015 |
Scott L. Tarriff |
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/s/ Jeffrey Wolf |
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Director |
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April 10, 2015 |
Jeffrey Wolf |
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EXHIBIT 5.1(a)
GRACIN & MARLOW, LLP.
The Chrysler Building
405 Lexington Avenue, 26th Floor
New York, New York 10174
Telephone (212) 907-6457
Facsimile: (212) 208-4657
April 10, 2015
The Board of Directors
Synthetic Biologics, Inc.
155 Gibbs Street, Suite 412
Rockville, MD 20850
| Re: | Synthetic
Biologics, Inc. Form S-3 |
Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel
to Synthetic Biologics, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company ”), in connection with its filing on
the date hereof with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) of a registration statement
on Form S-3 (as amended, the “Registration Statement”), including a base prospectus (the “Base
Prospectus”), which provides that it will be supplemented by one or more prospectus supplements (each such prospectus
supplement, together with the Base Prospectus, a “Prospectus ”), under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended (the “Act”), relating to the registration for issue and sale by the Company of up to $100,000,000
offering price of (i) shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (“Common Stock”);
(ii) warrants (“Warrants”); and (iii) units (“Units”). The Common Stock,
Warrants and Units, plus any additional Common Stock, Warrants and Units that may be registered pursuant to any subsequent registration
statement that the Company may hereafter file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Act in connection with the
offering by the Company contemplated by the Registration Statement, are referred to herein collectively as the “Securities.”
This opinion is being furnished
in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Act.
As such counsel, we have
examined such matters of fact and questions of law as we have considered appropriate for purposes of this letter. With your consent,
we have relied upon certificates and other assurances of officers of the Company and others as to factual matters without having
independently verified such factual matters. We are opining herein as to the laws of the State of New York, and we express no opinion
with respect to the applicability thereto, or the effect thereon, of the laws of any other jurisdiction any other laws, or as to
any matters of municipal law or the laws of any local agencies within any state.
Subject to the foregoing
and the other matters set forth herein, it is our opinion that, as of the date hereof:
1. When the applicable warrant
agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by all necessary corporate action of the Company, and when the specific
terms of a particular issuance of Warrants have been duly established in accordance with the terms of the applicable warrant agreement
and authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Company, and such Warrants have been duly executed, authenticated, issued
and delivered against payment therefor in accordance with the terms of the applicable warrant agreement and in the manner contemplated
by the applicable Prospectus and by such corporate action (assuming the securities issuable upon exercise of such Warrants have
been duly authorized and reserved for issuance by all necessary corporate action), such Warrants will be the legally valid and
binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
2. When the applicable unit
agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by all necessary corporate action of the Company, and when the specific
terms of a particular issuance of Units have been duly authorized in accordance with the terms of the applicable unit agreement
and authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Company, and such Units have been duly executed, authenticated, issued
and delivered against payment therefor in accordance with the terms of the applicable unit agreement and in the manner contemplated
by the applicable Prospectus and by such corporate action (assuming the securities issuable upon exercise of such Units have been
duly authorized and reserved for issuance by all necessary corporate action), such Units will be the legally valid and binding
obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
Our opinions set forth in
paragraphs 1 and 2 are subject to: (i) the effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, preference, fraudulent transfer, moratorium
or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors; (ii) the effect of general principles
of equity, whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law (including the possible unavailability of specific performance
or injunctive relief), concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, and the discretion of the court before
which a proceeding is brought; (iii) the invalidity under certain circumstances under law or court decisions of provisions
providing for the indemnification of or contribution to a party with respect to a liability where such indemnification or contribution
is contrary to public policy; and (iv) we express no opinion as to: (a) any provision for liquidated damages, default
interest, late charges, monetary penalties, make-whole premiums or other economic remedies to the extent such provisions are deemed
to constitute a penalty; (b) consents to, or restrictions upon, governing law, jurisdiction, venue, arbitration, remedies,
or judicial relief; (c) waivers of rights or defenses; (d) any provision requiring the payment of attorneys’ fees where
such payment is contrary to law or public policy; (e) advance waivers of claims, defenses, rights granted by law, or notice, opportunity
for hearing, evidentiary requirements, statutes of limitation, trial by jury or at law, or other procedural rights, (f) waivers
of broadly or vaguely stated rights; (g) provisions for exclusivity, election or accumulation of rights or remedies; (h) provisions
authorizing or validating conclusive or discretionary determinations; (i) grants of setoff rights; (j) proxies, powers
and trusts; (k) provisions prohibiting, restricting, or requiring consent to assignment or transfer of any right or property;
(l) any provision to the extent it requires that a claim with respect to a security denominated in other than U.S. dollars
(or a judgment in respect of such a claim) be converted into U.S. dollars at a rate of exchange at a particular date, to the extent
applicable law otherwise provides; and (m) the severability, if invalid, of provisions to the foregoing effect.
With your consent, with
respect to our opinions set forth in paragraphs 1 and 2, we have assumed: (a) Warrants and Units and the warrant agreements
and unit agreements governing such Securities (collectively, the “Documents”) will be governed by the
internal laws of the State of New York; (b) that each of the Documents has been or will be duly authorized, executed and delivered
by the parties thereto; (c) that each of the Documents constitutes or will constitute legally valid and binding obligations
of the parties thereto other than the Company, enforceable against each of them in accordance with their respective terms; and
(d) that the status of each of the Documents as legally valid and binding obligations of the parties will not be affected
by any: (i) breaches of, or defaults under, agreements or instruments; (ii) violations of statutes, rules, regulations
or court or governmental orders; or (iii) failures to obtain required consents, approvals or authorizations from, or to make
required registrations, declarations or filings with, governmental authorities.
This opinion is for your
benefit in connection with the Registration Statement and may be relied upon by you and by persons entitled to rely upon it pursuant
to the applicable provisions of the Act. We consent to your filing this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and
to the reference to our firm contained in each of the Prospectus under the heading “Legal Matters.” We further consent
to the incorporation by reference of this letter and consent into any registration statement or post-effective amendment to the
Registration Statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Act with respect to the Securities. In giving such consent, we do
not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules
and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
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Very truly yours, |
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/s/ Gracin & Marlow, LLP |
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Gracin & Marlow, LLP |
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EXHIBIT 5.1(b)
April 10, 2015
The Board of Directors
Synthetic Biologics, Inc.
155 Gibbs Street, Suite 412
Rockville, MD 20850
| Re: | Synthetic
Biologics, Inc. Form S-3 dated as of April 10, 2015 |
Gentlemen:
We have acted as special
Nevada counsel to Synthetic Biologics, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), in connection with
its filing on the date hereof with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) of a registration
statement on Form S-3 (as amended, the “Registration Statement”), including a base prospectus (the “Base
Prospectus”), which provides that it will be supplemented by one or more prospectus supplements (each such prospectus
supplement, together with the Base Prospectus, a “Prospectus”), under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended (the “Act”), relating to the registration for issue and sale by the Company of up to $100,000,000
offering price of (i) shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (“Common Stock”);
(ii) warrants (“Warrants”); and (iii) units (“Units”). The Common Stock, Warrants
and Units, plus any additional Common Stock, Warrants and Units that may be registered pursuant to any subsequent registration
statement that the Company may hereafter file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Act in connection with the
offering by the Company contemplated by the Registration Statement, are referred to herein collectively as the “Securities.”
This opinion is being furnished
in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to
any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement or related applicable Prospectus, other than as expressly stated
herein with respect to the issuance of the Securities. In that regard, our opinion is limited to issuances of Common Stock, since
the Company has obtained the opinion of a different firm on issuances of Warrants and Units.
As such counsel, we have
examined such matters of fact and questions of law as we have considered appropriate for purposes of this letter. With your consent,
we have relied upon certificates and other assurances of officers of the Company and others as to factual matters without having
independently verified such factual matters. We are opining herein as to the Nevada Revised Statutes (the “NRS”),
and we express no opinion with respect to the applicability thereto, or the effect thereon, of the laws of any other jurisdiction
or, in the case of Nevada, any other laws, or as to any matters of municipal law or the laws of any local agencies within any state.
Materials Reviewed
In arriving at the opinions
expressed below we have reviewed and relied upon the following:
| 1. | Articles
of Incorporation of Adeona Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (20080829837-57) filed with the Nevada Secretary of State on December 23, 2008. |
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2. |
Articles of Merger (20090740844-88) filed with the Nevada Secretary of State on October 15, 2009, along with the Agreement and Plan of Merger attached thereto. |
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3. |
Amended and Restated By-Laws of Adeona Pharmaceuticals, Inc., adopted and effective as of October 31, 2011 (unsigned). |
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4. |
The Certificate of Good Standing of the Company issued by the Nevada Secretary of State, on April 6, 2015. |
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5. |
Secretary’s Certificate from the Secretary of the Company dated April 10, 2015 |
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6. |
Minutes of the Board of Directors of the Company, dated as of April 7, 2015. |
(the “Reliance Documents”)
In connection with this
opinion, we have examined and relied upon the representations and warranties as to factual matters contained in and made pursuant
to the Reliance Documents, Registration Statement, and upon such other documents as in our judgment are necessary or appropriate
to enable us to render the opinions expressed herein.
Our knowledge of the Company
and its legal and other affairs is limited by the scope of our engagement, which scope includes the delivery of this opinion letter.
We do not represent the Company with respect to all legal matters or issues. The Company may employ other independent counsel and,
to our knowledge, handles certain matters and issues without the assistance of independent counsel.
In our examination of the
foregoing, we have assumed, without independent investigation or verification: (i) the genuineness of all signatures on all agreements,
instruments and other documents submitted to us; (ii) the legal capacity and authority of all persons or entities executing all
agreements, instruments and other documents submitted to us; (iii) the authenticity and completeness of all agreements, instruments,
corporate records, certificates and other documents submitted to us as originals; (iv) that all agreements, instruments, corporate
records, certificate and other documents submitted to us as certified, electronic, facsimile, conformed, photostatic or other copies
conform to authentic originals thereof, and that such originals are authentic and complete; (v) the due authorization, execution
and delivery of all instruments, agreements, and other documents by the parties thereto; (vi) that the statements contained in
the certificates and comparable documents of public officials, officers and representatives of the Company and other persons on
which we have relied for the purposes of this letter are true and correct; and (vii) that the officers and directors of the Company
have properly exercised their fiduciary duties. We have assumed that the issuance and sale of the Securities by the Company will
not, in each case, violate or constitute a default or breach under (i) any agreement or instrument to which the Company is subject,
(ii) any law, rule or regulation to which the Company is subject, (iii) any judicial or regulatory order or decree of any governmental
authority, or (iv) any consent, approval, license, authorization or validation of, or filing, recording or registration with any
governmental authority.
We have further assumed
that: (i) the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto will have become effective under the Securities Act and comply
with all applicable laws at the time the Securities are offered or issued as contemplated by the Registration Statement; (ii) an
appropriate prospectus supplement, free writing prospectus or term sheet relating to the Securities offered thereby will be prepared
and filed with the Commission in compliance with the Act and will comply with all applicable laws at the time the Securities are
offered or issued as contemplated by the Registration Statement; (iii) all Securities will be issued and sold in compliance with
the applicable provisions of the Act and the Securities or Blue Sky Laws of various states and in the manner stated in the Registration
Statement and the applicable prospectus supplement; (iv) any purchase, underwriting, warrant, deposit, unit or similar agreement
(collectively the “Securities Agreements”) relating to the Securities being offered will be duly authorized, executed
and delivered by the Company and other parties thereto; (v) the terms of any Warrants and Units included in any Securities offered
and issued as executed and delivered are as described in the Registration Statement; and (vi) the number of shares of Common Stock
offered pursuant to the Registration Statement does not exceed, at the time of issuance, the authorized but unissued shares of
Common Stock.
Opinions
Subject to the foregoing
and the other matters set forth herein, it is our opinion that, as of the date hereof:
1. When an issuance of
Common Stock has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Company, upon issuance, delivery and payment therefor
in an amount not less than the par value thereof in the manner contemplated by the applicable Prospectus and by such corporate
action, such shares of Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. In rendering the foregoing opinion, we
have assumed that the Company will comply with all applicable notice requirements regarding uncertificated shares provided in the
NRS.
These opinions are for
your benefit in connection with the Registration Statement and may be relied upon by you and by persons entitled to rely upon it
pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Act. We consent to your filing this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement
and to the reference to our firm contained in each of the Prospectus under the heading “Legal Matters.” We further
consent to the incorporation by reference of this letter and consent into any registration statement or post-effective amendment
to the Registration Statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Act with respect to the Securities. In giving such consent,
we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules
and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
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Very truly yours, |
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PARSONS BEHLE & LATIMER |
EXHIBIT 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm
Synthetic Biologics, Inc.
Rockville, Maryland
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference
in the Prospectus constituting a part of this Registration Statement of our reports dated March 16, 2015, relating to the consolidated
financial statements and the effectiveness of Synthetic Biologics, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting, appearing
in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
We also consent to the reference to us under
the caption “Experts” in the Prospectus.
/s/ BDO USA, LLP |
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BDO USA, LLP |
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Troy, Michigan |
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April 10, 2015 |
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