ISSC Innovative Solutions and Support Inc

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-K/A

(Amendment No.1)

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For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024

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OR

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For the transition period from                to               .

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Commission File No. 001-41503

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INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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(610) 646-9800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

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If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

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The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of March 31, 2024 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second quarter) was approximately $ 112.2 million (based on the closing sale price of the registrant’s common stock on the Nasdaq Stock Market on such date). Shares of common stock held by each executive officer and director and by each person who owns 10% or more of the registrant’s outstanding common stock have been excluded since such persons may be deemed affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

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As of January 12, 2025, there were 17,539,064 outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock.

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Documents Incorporated by Reference

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See “Expanatory Note” below;

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Auditor Name GRANT THORNTON LLP Auditor Firm ID 248 Auditor Location Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

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EXPLANATORY NOTE

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Innovative Solutions and Support, Inc. is filing this Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A (this “Amendment No. 1”) to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 (the “Form 10-K”), which was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on December 30, 2024, to provide the information required by Part III of Form 10-K. This information was previously omitted from the Form 10-K in reliance on General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K, which permits the information in Part III to be incorporated in the Form 10-K by reference from our definitive proxy statement (such definitive proxy statement, when filed, the “Proxy Statement”) if such Proxy Statement is filed no later than 120 days after end of our fiscal year. We are filing this Amendment No. 1 to include Part III information in our Form 10-K because we do not expect to file the Proxy Statement within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by the Form 10-K. This Amendment No. 1 amends and restates in their entirety Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of the Form 10-K. In addition, as required by Rule 12b-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, currently dated certifications pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 are filed hereto as Exhibit 31.3 and Exhibit 31.4, respectively, under Item 15 of Part IV.

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No other changes have been made to the Form 10-K other than those described above. This Amendment No. 1 does not reflect subsequent events occurring after the original filing date of the Form 10-K or modify or update in any way the financial statements, consents or any other items or disclosures made in the Form 10-K in any way other than as required to reflect the amendments discussed above. Accordingly, this Amendment No. 1 should be read in conjunction with the Form 10-K and the Company’s other filings with the SEC subsequent to the filing of the Form 10-K.

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References in this Amendment No. 1 to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Innovative Solutions and Support, Inc. unless the context clearly requires otherwise.

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INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC.

2024 Annual Report on Form 10-KA

Table of Contents

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-KA contains forward looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements are based largely on current expectations and projections about future events and trends affecting the business, are not guarantees of future performance, and involve a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. In this Annual Report on Form 10-KA, the words “anticipates,” “believes,” “may,” “will,” “estimates,” “continues,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “forecasts,” “expects,” “plans,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “is likely,”“ projected,” “might,” “potential,” “preliminary,” “provisionally,” and similar expressions, as they relate to the business or to its management, are intended to identify forward looking statements, but they are not exclusive means of identifying them. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references herein to “IS&S,” the “Registrant,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” are to Innovative Solutions and Support, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. ThrustSense® and COCKPIT/IP®, among others, are trademarks of the Company. All other trademarks appearing herein are held by their respective owners. Subsequent use of the Company’s trademarks in this Annual Report on Form 10-KA may occur without the applicable superscript symbol (® or TM) in order to facilitate the readability of this Annual Report on Form 10-KA and are not a waiver of rights that may be associated with the relevant trademarks.

The forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-KA are only predictions, and actual events or results may differ materially. In evaluating such statements, a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors could cause actual results, performance, financial condition, cash flows, prospects and opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include those set forth in Item 1A (Risk Factors) of this Annual Report on Form 10-KA and the following factors:

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-KA. Except as expressly required by the federal securities laws, the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events, or otherwise after the date of this report. Results of operations in any past period should not be considered indicative of the results to be expected for future periods. Fluctuations in operating results may result in fluctuations in the price of the Company’s common stock.

The forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-KA are intended to be subject to the safe harbor protection provided by Sections 27A of the Securities Act, and 21E of the Exchange Act.

Investors should also be aware that while the Company, from time to time, communicates with securities analysts, it is against its policy to disclose any material non-public information or other confidential commercial information. Accordingly, shareholders should not assume that the Company agrees with any statement or report issued by any analyst irrespective of the content of the statement or report. Furthermore, the Company has a policy against issuing or confirming financial projections, forecasts or opinions issued by others. Thus, to the extent that reports issued by securities analysts contain any projections, forecasts or opinions, neither such reports nor the projections, forecasts or opinion contained therein are the responsibility of the Company.

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PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

As of the date of this Amendment No. 1, our directors are as follows:

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Directors

Shahram Askarpour. Dr. Askarpour joined the Company as Vice President of Engineering in 2003, was promoted to President in March 2012, and was appointed as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and joined the Company’s Board, in January 2022. Dr. Askarpour has more than 40 years of aerospace industry experience in managerial and technical positions. Prior to joining the Company, he was employed by Smiths Aerospace (a division of Smiths Group plc), Instrumentation Technology, and Marconi Avionics. He holds a number of key patents in the aviation field. Dr. Askarpour received his engineering education in the United Kingdom, and received an undergraduate degree in Electrical Engineering from Middlesex University, a post graduate Certificate of Advanced Study in Systems Engineering, and a PhD in Automatic Control from Brunel University London. He was awarded the title of Associate Research Fellow for three consecutive years by Brunel University and has published numerous papers in leading international, peer reviewed journals. In addition, he has completed management courses at Carnegie Mellon University and finance courses at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

Glen R. Bressner. Mr. Bressner is the co-founder and Managing Partner of Activate Venture Partners, an early-stage focused venture capital firm that has evolved from a series of affiliated venture funds that he is a co-founder of, beginning in 1985. Mr. Bressner has been a board director of several companies, including IQE plc (LSE: IQEP), where he was a member of its Audit Committee, and Tabula Rasa Healthcare (NASDAQ: TRHC), where he chaired its Nomination Committee. He is also a shareholder and a director on the board of Alum-a-Lift, Inc., a family-owned manufacturer of precision material handling solutions. From 1996 to 1997, Mr. Bressner served as the chairman of the Board of the Greater Philadelphia Venture Group. Mr. Bressner holds a Bachelor of Science, cum laude, in Business Administration from Boston University and a Masters of Business Administration degree from Babson College. Mr. Bressner’s background and expertise satisfies Nasdaq’s definition of financial sophistication and he is deemed qualified as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined under rules and regulations of the SEC.

Roger A. Carolin. Mr. Carolin is currently a Venture Partner at SCP Partners, a position he has held since 2004. Mr. Carolin works to identify attractive investment opportunities and assists portfolio companies in the areas of strategy development, operating management, and intellectual property. Mr. Carolin co-founded CFM Technologies, Inc., a global manufacturer of semiconductor process equipment, and served as its Chief Executive Officer for 10 years, until the company was acquired. Mr. Carolin formerly worked for Honeywell, Inc. and General Electric Co., where he developed test equipment and advanced computer systems for on-board missile applications. Mr. Carolin is also a director of Amkor Technology, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMKR), a supplier of outsourced semiconductor assembly and test services. Mr. Carolin holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Duke University and an M.B.A. from the Harvard Business School. Mr. Carolin’s background and expertise satisfies Nasdaq’s definition of financial sophistication and he is deemed qualified as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined under rules and regulations of the SEC.

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Stephen L. Belland. Mr. Belland is the Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer at Integrated Connection, LLC and a Principal at Clear Rock Advisors. Prior to Clear Rock Advisors, he has held various executive positions at Rockwell Collins including Technical Director, Vice President of Program and Product Management, Vice President of Strategy and Marketing and most recently Vice President of Corporate Development. Mr. Belland received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Michigan Technological University and has attended executive programs at the Kellogg School of Management, the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and INSEAD.

Garry Dean. From 2015 to 2020, Major General Dean served Delta Airlines as international captain piloting Boeing 757/767 aircraft. From 2021 to 2024, he served Arlington County Virgina in the role as a Commissioner and Vice-Chair of the Community Oversight Board of the Police. In 2023, Genral Dean was appointed by Governor Glenn Youngkin to serve on the Virginia Joint Leadership Council of Veteran’s Service Organizations to work close with the Virginia legislature to propose legislation to assist military veterans and their families who reside in Virginia. Since 2016, General Dean also served as a mentor and advisor to the Chief National Guard Bureau and the Director of the Air National Guard on critical issues they face.

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Director Qualifications

The Board believes that each of the directors listed above have the sound character, integrity, judgment, and record of achievement necessary to be a member of the Board. In addition, each of the directors have exhibited, during their prior service as directors, the ability to operate cohesively with the other members of the Board, and to challenge and question management in a constructive way. Moreover, the Board believes that each director brings a strong and unique background and skillset to the Board, giving the Board, as a whole, competence and experience in diverse areas, including corporate governance and board service, finance, management, and aviation. Set forth below are certain specific experiences, qualifications, and skills that led to the Board’s conclusion that each of the directors listed above are qualified to serve as a directors.

Dr. Askarpour, as Chief Executive Officer of the Company and a longstanding member of the Company’s management team, provides the Board with a comprehensive knowledge of the Company, its history, and its businesses. In addition, Dr. Askarpour brings the Board his insight into the aerospace industry from over 40 years of experience in managerial and technical positions at aviation companies, including Smiths Aerospace (a division of Smiths Group plc), Instrumentation Technology, and Marconi Avionics.

Mr. Bressner brings the Board a wealth of experience managing financial investments from his service at venture capital firms. Mr. Bressner provides the Board with a thorough understanding of capital markets and other financial issues. Mr. Bressner’s experience in managing investments also provides him with extensive finance and accounting knowledge, and he applies this expertise in his service on the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee of the Board (the “Nominating and Governance Committee”) (as Chairman) and the Audit Committee. Mr. Bressner is also an audit committee financial expert, as defined by SEC rules and regulations. His prior service as a member of the board of directors of numerous other entities, including public entities, provides him with valuable experience in corporate governance matters.

Mr. Carolin has over a decade of experience in private equity investing, previously worked in advanced computer systems and on-board missile applications, and has a significant understanding the Company’s industry and its business. He possesses specific knowledge and experience in technology, new business opportunities, operations, management, and finance, all of which are relevant and important to the Company’s business, and he capitalizes on these strengths in his service on the Audit Committee of the Board (the “Audit Committee”) (as Chairman), the Investment Committee of the Board (the “Investment Committee”) (as Chairman), and the Compensation Committee of the Board (the “Compensation Committee”).

Mr. Belland has over 37 years of experience in the Aerospace and Defense Industry. Mr. Belland provides the board with familiarity with IS&S product lines and operations. He has also developed numerous successful plans for market strategy, product development, brand management, business optimization, acquisition strategy, as well as team building strategy. Some key successes included developing and capturing over 15 new aircraft cockpit positions, as well as positioning his corporation for becoming a leader in business jet cabin electronics. In addition, Mr. Belland has advised on over 500 M&A transactions and joint ventures, including being published in Corporate Executive Board materials. Mr. Belland applies his experience and expertise to IS&S in his service on the Compensation Committee (as Chairman), the Investment Committee, and the Audit Committee. Mr. Belland is also a private pilot and a member of various industry organizations, such as the National Business Aviation Association.

Maj. General Dean has experience in business development and with respect to governmental relations for companies that providedefense services or products that contract with the U.S. government. His extensive background and expertise in military

aviation aidsthe Company’s presence in the retrofit market. He applies his expertise to IS&S in his service on the Nominating and Governance Committee.

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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Certain other information relating to the Executive Officers of the Company appears in Item 4A to Part I of the Form 10-K under the heading “Executive Officers of the Registrant” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Set forth below is a table identifying the Company’s current executive officers who are not identified in the tables above. Biographical information for Dr. Askarpour is set forth above.

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Mr. DiGovanni previously served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of StoneMor Inc. (formerly NYSE: STON), a provider of funeral and cemetery products and services in the death care industry, from September 2019 to May 2023, and prior to that, served as StoneMor Inc.’s Chief Accounting Officer from September 2018 to September 2019. From January 2012 until September 2018, Mr. DiGiovanni was Managing Director at Pine Hill Group, a leading accounting and transaction advisory firm, where he worked with clients to deliver services, including readiness for initial public offerings, financial reporting, including reporting to the Securities and Exchange Commission, and technical accounting assistance on complex transactions. Mr. DiGiovanni is a Certified Public Accountant, and holds a B.S. in Accounting and an M.S. in Financial Services from Saint Joseph’s University.

RELATIONSHIPS AND ARRANGEMENTS

There is no family relationship between any of Company’s directors or executive officers and, to the best of our knowledge, none of our directors or executive officers has, during the past ten years, been involved in any legal proceedings which are required to be disclosed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. There are no arrangements between any director or executive officer of the Company and any other person pursuant to which he/she was, or will be, selected as a director or executive officer, respectively.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors and executive officers, and persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of our equity securities, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our ordinary shares and other equity securities. Specific due dates for these reports have been established, and the Company is required to report any failure to comply therewith during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024. To our knowledge, based solely on a review of the reports filed electronically with the SEC during the Company’s most recent fiscal year and, where applicable, written representations that no other reports were required, we believe that all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to our executive officers, directors and greater than 10% beneficial owners were complied with in a timely manner during fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, except that Glen Bressner filed one late Form 4 with respect to one transaction.

Code of Ethics

The Company maintains a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) applicable to its directors, its principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, and persons performing similar functions. In addition, the Code of Ethics applies to all of the Company’s employees, officers, agents, and representatives. The Code of Ethics is posted on the Company’s website, www.innovative-ss.com, under the heading “Investor Relations.” If the Company amends or grants a waiver of

one or more of the provisions of our Code of Ethics, we intend to satisfy the requirements under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding the disclosure of amendments to or waivers from provisions of our Code of Ethics that apply to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer (or persons performing similar functions) by posting the required information on the Company’s website at www.innovative-ss.com. The information found on the website is not part of this Form 10-K.

Director Nominations

No material changes have been made to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to our Board of Directors.

Audit Committee

The members of the Audit Committee are currently Mr. Carolin (Chairman), Mr. Bressner, and Mr. Belland. On January 28, 2024, the Board of Directors determined that Ms. Olver did not meet the heightened independence requirements for service on the Audit Committee as required by the rules and regulations of the SEC and, as a result, the listing standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) applicable to audit committee members. Upon making this determination, the Board of Directors removed Ms. Olver from the Audit Committee and appointed Mr. Belland to take her place. The Audit Committee is composed solely of independent members, as independence for audit committee members is defined by the applicable Nasdaq listing standards. In addition, the Company is required to certify to Nasdaq that the Audit Committee has, and will continue to have, at least one member who has past employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting, or other comparable experience or background that results in the individual’s financial sophistication. The Board has determined, in its business judgment, that each member of the Audit Committee is financially literate, and that Mr. Bressner and Mr. Carolin satisfy Nasdaq’s definition of financial sophistication and each also qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined under rules and regulations of the SEC.

On January 29, 2024, the Company notified Nasdaq of the Company’s inadvertent non-compliance with Nasdaq’s audit committee composition requirements set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(c)(2), which requires, among other things, an audit committee to consist of at least three members, each of whom is independent. The non-compliance was a result of Parizad Olver Parchi, a member of the Audit Committee at the time, not qualifying as independent pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(c)(2)(A)(ii) and Rule 10A-3(b)(i) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”), as a result of a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company having paid a consulting fee of $72,990 in November 2023 to a company in which Ms. Olver is the managing partner and has an ownership interest for services provided in connection with the sale of the Company’s 2008 Super King Air B200GT SN BY-50.

Pursuant to Rule 10A-3(b)(ii)(A) under the Act, a director will not be deemed independent for purposes of service on a company’s audit committee if the director has received any compensatory fee, whether directly or indirectly. To address this matter, effective as of January 28, 2024, the Company removed Ms. Olver from the Audit Committee and appointed Mr. Stephen Belland to take her place.

The notification to Nasdaq was made in accordance with Nasdaq Rule 5625, which requires a company with common securities listed on Nasdaq to report any noncompliance of Nasdaq’s Rule 5600 series.

Stock Ownership Policy

The Company has adopted a Stock Ownership and Retention Policy that applies to its non-employee directors. Each non-employee director is required to own shares of common stock with an aggregate value equal to three times such director’s annual cash base retainer (exclusive of retainers for committee service or leadership roles). Compliance with the minimum share ownership requirement is determined annually as of December 31 each year and commenced December 31, 2023. Individuals who have not yet attained the minimum share ownership requirement must retain 50% of his or her shares acquired upon the (i) vesting of restricted stock or restricted stock units, (ii) if applicable, the exercise of options, reduced by shares retained or tendered to cover taxes or the exercise price of options.

Anti-Hedging and Anti-Pledging Policies

The Company maintains an Insider Trading Policy which prohibits Company employees, directors and related parties from engaging in hedging transactions absent prior approval from the Chief Compliance Officer. The Insider Trading Policy also prohibits Company employees, directors and related parties from purchasing Company securities on margin, holding Company securities in a margin account or pledging Company securities.

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Item 11. Executive Compensation.

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

This Compensation Discussion and Analysis provides an overview of the Company’s executive compensation program and a description of the material factors underlying the decisions that resulted in the compensation provided to the Company’s Director, President and Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officers and Interim Chief Financial Officer for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 (referred to herein as our “named executive officers”). The names of the Company’s 2024 named executive officers, together with their titles during the 2024 fiscal year, are:

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Objective of the Company’s Executive Compensation Program

The objective of the Company’s executive compensation program is to attract and retain exceptional individuals as executive officers and to provide key executives with motivation to perform to the full extent of their abilities to maximize the performance of the Company and deliver enhanced value to the Company’s shareholders.

What the Company’s Executive Compensation Program is Designed to Reward

Overall, the Company’s executive compensation program is designed to reward the contributions of each individual executive officer, to ensure that each executive officer’s interest is aligned with those of the Company’s shareholders, and to provide sufficient incentives to executive officers to ensure their dedication to the Company. As discussed further below, the Company seeks to achieve these goals by providing sufficient base salaries to compensate executives for the day-to-day performance of their duties and awarding cash bonuses when the executive attains the annual personal or corporate goals and objectives established by the Company. Also, from time to time, the Company grants equity-based awards when it believes that such equity awards will further align the interests of executive officers with those of the Company’s shareholders and provide an additional incentive to executive officers to contribute to the achievement of the Company’s financial and strategic objectives. Granting equity compensation to the Company’s executive officers are made at the discretion of the Compensation Committee and are not timed or coordinated with the release of material, non-public information nor is the granting of such awards timed in a manner that would enhance the value of such awards.

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GENERAL EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION POLICIES

Process for Setting Total Compensation

Generally, upon hiring or promoting a named executive officer, the Compensation Committee sets the executive’s initial level of base salary and other compensation on the basis of subjective factors, including experience, individual achievements, and level of responsibility assumed at the Company, and may consider market compensation practices from time to time. Actual base salaries, cash bonuses, and equity-based awards for each named executive officer may be adjusted from year to year based upon each named executive officer’s annual review and level of attainment of personal and corporate goals and objectives, including Company financial performance, shareholder return, and such other factors as the Compensation Committee deems appropriate and in the best interests of the Company’s shareholders.

Each named executive officer’s annual review is a subjective process whereby the Chief Executive Officer or the Compensation Committee (as applicable, as described below) evaluates various factors relevant to the named executive officer’s contributions to the Company, such as the executive’s role in the development and execution of strategic plans, leadership skills, motivation, and involvement in industry groups. The weight given to such factors may vary from one named executive officer to another.

The Compensation Committee seeks recommendations from the Chief Executive Officer regarding changes to the overall compensation level or any particular element of compensation for the other named executive officers. In addition, the Chief Executive Officer is principally responsible for reviewing each other named executive officer’s performance, and for making recommendations for the Company’s compensation plan for such executive officer for the following fiscal year. The Compensation Committee reviews the recommendations of the Chief Executive Officer in light of his proximity to the other executives and his knowledge of their contributions to the Company. The Compensation Committee independently reviews the performance of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

In fiscal years 2023 and 2024, the Compensation Committee engaged FW Cook to advise the Compensation Committee with respect to best practices, competitive market data based on comparison companies and trends in the area of executive compensation, as well as ongoing regulatory considerations. The Compensation Committee has determined that FW Cook, which does not perform any work for the Company other than its services for the Compensation Committee, is independent and that its services do not raise any conflict of interest with the Company or any of the Company’s executive officers or directors.

Consideration of Shareholder Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation

Based upon the vote of the Company’s shareholders at the fiscal 2024 annual meeting of shareholders, the Company currently provides its shareholders with the opportunity to cast an advisory vote on executive compensation (a “say-on-pay proposal”) once every three (3) years. At the Company’s annual meeting of shareholders held in fiscal 2023, over 98% of the votes cast on the say-on-pay proposal at that meeting were voted in favor of the proposal. The Compensation Committee believes that this voting result affirms shareholders’ strong support of the Company’s approach to executive compensation The Compensation Committee will consider the outcome of the fiscal 2023 say-on-pay vote when making future compensation decisions for the named executive officers. The next time the Company is scheduled to hold a say-on-pay vote is at the Company’s annual meeting of shareholders to be held in fiscal 2026.

Elements of Compensation

The Company’s executive compensation program consists of the following elements of compensation, each described in greater depth below:

In determining the different elements of compensation to provide to the named executive officers, the Compensation Committee does not adhere to a specific allocation between short-term and long-term compensation, or between cash and non-cash compensation. Instead, the Compensation Committee determines the elements of compensation in a manner designed to reward strong financial performance, provide overall compensation opportunities that are sufficient to attract and retain highly skilled named executive officers, and ensure that named executive officers’ interests are aligned with those of the Company’s shareholders. This may result in the named executive officers receiving all cash compensation in some years (through base salary and annual bonuses) and a combination of cash and equity-based compensation in other years (through base salary, annual bonuses and equity awards).

Base Salary

The Company pays base salaries to named executive officers because the Company believes that base salaries are essential to recruiting and retaining qualified executives. In addition, base salaries create an incentive for named executive officers to make meaningful contributions to the Company’s success because they are subject to increase based on the executive’s performance. The Compensation Committee sets the initial base salary level upon the hire or promotion of a named executive officer. Base salary levels are determined initially based on the named executive officer’s previous experience and employment, and the named executive officer’s expected duties and responsibilities with respect to the Company and considering market data provided by the Company's

independent compensation consultant. Thereafter, the Compensation Committee may increase a named executive officer’s base salary each year based on the results of the named executive officer’s annual review (which is conducted by the Chief Executive Officer for each of the other named executive officers and by the Compensation Committee for the Chief Executive Officer), and based on the Compensation Committee’s subjective assessment of the Company’s overall performance during the preceding year.

Annual Bonus

The Compensation Committee retains discretion to grant bonus compensation to the named executive officers and other employees of the Company. From time to time, the Company may award discretionary annual bonuses to the named executive officers and may agree, in hiring or promoting a named executive officer, to a target bonus opportunity, expressed as a percentage of base salary, in any case, to be paid only if the Company determines that the Company has attained its financial performance goals or other objectives.

The named executive officers’ fiscal 2024 target annual bonus opportunities were as follows:

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66% of the potential annual incentive opportunity was based on the achievement of financial performance targets and the remaining portion of the annual incentive was based on a qualitative assessment of performance. In fiscal 2024, the Company chose Revenue and Operating Income as its financial performance metrics. In the case of Dr. Askarpour, the qualitative assessment took into account organic growth, progress on mergers and acquisitions, progress on autonomous flight initiatives, increased strategic partnerships and investor relations activities. In the case of Mr. DiGiovanni, the qualitative assessment considered investor relations activities, quality of financial accounting, mergers and acquisitions support, and progress toward additional financing.

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In fiscal 2024, the Company achieved $ 47,198,020 in revenue and $ 11,446,807 in adjusted operating income, and the Compensation Committee determined that each of Dr. Askarpour and Mr. DiGiovanni achieved their qualitative goals at 100%.

As a result, the Compensation Committee approved annual incentive bonuses of $500,000 and $225,000 for Dr. Askarpour and Mr. DiGiovanni, respectively. Interim Chief Financial Officer, Relland Winand received a discretionary bonus of $125,000. Former Chief Financial Officer, Micheal Linacre’s October 8, 2023 resignation resulted in the forfeiture of his fiscal year 2024 bonus.

The fiscal 2024 annual cash incentives were paid to Dr. Askarpour on December 20, 2024 and to Mr. DiGiovanni on December 17, 2024, respectively. Relland Winand’s discretionary fiscal 2024 bonus was paid on April 5, 2024. The payments are listed as fiscal 2024 compensation in the Summary Compensation Table in the column labeled “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation.”

Equity-based Compensation

The Company awards equity-based compensation to named executive officers in order to provide a link between the long-term results achieved for its shareholders and the rewards provided to named executive officers, thereby ensuring that such officers have a continuing stake in the Company’s long-term success (see the section titled “Equity Compensation Plan Information” below). Such

awards are made at the discretion of the Compensation Committee and are not timed or coordinated with the release of material, non-public information.

In fiscal 2024, we granted 97,014 option shares and 40,024 RSUs to the Company’s CEO, Dr. Askarpour and 64,599 option shares and 67,156 RSUs to the Company’s CFO, Mr. DiGiovanni. 26% of Dr. Askarpour’s fiscal 2024 granted option shares vested immediately upon the date of grant, and the remaining shares vest 25% on an annual basis such that the entire award will be fully vested four years from the date of grant. Dr. Askarpour’s fiscal 2024 granted RSUs vest 25% on an annual basis such that the entire award will be fully vested on the fourth anniversary of the date of grant. Mr. DiGiovanni’s fiscal 2024 option shares granted and RSUs granted vest 25% on the first anniversary of the award date and in equal quarterly installments thereafter, such that 100% of the awards are vested on the fourth anniversary of the date of grant.

To reward Mr. DiGiovanni for his performance during his first year of employment and incentivize him to continue his performance, the Compensation Committee approved an additional award of 31,746 restricted stock units for Mr. DiGiovanni on June 13, 2024, which is included in the aggregate 67,156 RSU’s granted in fiscal 2024 for Mr. DiGiovanni.. The restricted stock units are scheduled to vest 25% on the first anniversary of the award date and in equal quarterly installments thereafter, such that 100% of the RSUs awards are vested on the fourth anniversary date of the RSU’s date of grant.

Neither Relland Winand, the Company’s Interim CFO nor Michael Linacre, the Company’s former CFO received any grants of RSU’s or Stock Options during fiscal 2024. On November 8, 2023, Michael Linacre, the former Chief Financial Officer, notified the Company of his resignation from all of his positions with the Company, effective immediately, which resulted in the forfeiture of 11,503 previously granted non-vested RSUs.

General Benefits

The following are standard benefits offered to all eligible Company employees, including the named executive officers.

Retirement Benefits. The Company maintains a tax-qualified 401(k) savings plan for all eligible employees, including the named executive officers, known as the Innovative Solutions and Support 401(k) Plan (the “Savings Plan”). The Savings Plan is a voluntary contributory plan under which employees may elect to defer compensation for federal income tax purposes under Section 401(k) of the Code. The Company makes a matching contribution to the Savings Plan at one half of each participant’s deferral rate, limited to a maximum contribution of 4% of base salary and subject to limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code.

Medical, Dental, Life Insurance, and Disability Coverage. The Company makes available medical, dental, life insurance, and disability coverage to all active eligible employees, including the named executive officers.

Other Paid Time-Off Benefits. The Company provides vacation and other paid holidays to all employees, including the named executive officers.

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS

It is the Company’s general philosophy that all of the Company’s employees should be “at will” employees, thereby allowing both the Company and the employee to terminate the employment relationship at any time and without restriction or financial obligation.

However, in certain cases, the Company has determined that, as a retention device and a means to obtain non-compete arrangements, employment agreements or other contractual agreements are appropriate.

On September 6, 2024, the Company entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) to amend its employment agreement dated April 14, 2022 (the “Employment Agreement”) with Shahram Askarpour, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

The Amendment amends and restates the severance provisions of the Employment Agreement. As amended, if Mr. Askarpour is terminated by the Company without Cause (as defined in the Employment Agreement) or resigns for Good Reason (as defined in the Amendment), Mr. Askarpour will be entitled to (i) payment of his base salary and (ii) payment of COBRA premiums for Mr. Askarpour and his dependents, in each case for 12 months following the date of Mr. Askarpour’s termination or resignation. The Amendment further provides that, in the event that Mr. Askarpour’s employment is terminated by the Company without Cause or for Good Reason during a period beginning six months prior to, and ending two years following, a Change of Control (as defined in the Employment Agreement), Mr. Askarpour shall receive, in lieu of the severance benefits set forth above, the following benefits from the Company: (i)

an amount in cash equal to twice the sum of (a) Mr. Askarpour’s base salary and (b) the maximum annual cash bonus and/or other incentive compensation opportunity available to Mr. Askarpour; (ii) immediate vesting of all unvested equity awards held by Mr. Askarpour; (iii) extension of the exercise period with respect to any options held by Mr. Askarpour for a period lasting until the earlier of two years following Mr. Askarpour’s termination and the expiration date of the option; and (iv) payment of the employer portion of health and disability insurance coverage substantially comparable to the coverage Mr. Askarpour received from the Company immediately prior to Mr. Askarpour’s termination, for a period of 18 months following Mr. Askarpour’s termination.

The Amendment provides that delivery by the Company of a Nonrenewal Notice (as defined in the Employment Agreement) to Mr. Askarpour will be treated as a termination without Cause on the last day of the applicable term.

The Amendment sets forth the definition of “Good Reason,” which includes, absent Mr. Askarpour’s prior written consent and subject to certain exceptions relating to a Change of Control of the Company, (i) any material reduction in Mr. Askarpour’s title, duties, responsibilities or authority, (ii) any material reduction of Mr. Askarpour’s aggregate compensation, (iii) relocation of Mr. Askarpour’s primary work location that results in an increase in Mr. Askarpour’s one-way commute by more than 25 miles, (iv) in the event of a Change of Control, failure or refusal of a successor to the Company to either materially assume the Company’s obligations under the Employment Agreement or enter into a new employment agreement with Mr. Askarpour on terms that are materially similar to those provided under the Employment Agreement, or (v) a material breach of the Employment Agreement by the Company. Under the Amendment, Good Reason shall not be deemed to exist unless (i) the Company receives notice of the alleged basis for Good Reason and fails to cure the deficiency within 30 days after receiving such notice and (ii) Mr. Askarpour terminates his employment within 30 days after the expiration of such 30-day cure period.

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The Company entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with Dr. Askarpour on April 14, 2022 in connection with his appointment as Chief Executive Officer of the Company on January 14, 2022. The initial term of the employment agreement began on April 14, 2022 and will end on April 13, 2024. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the term extends for one additional year each subsequent April 14, unless either party provides written notice to the other party at least 30 days prior to the expiration of the then-current term that the term will not be renewed. The agreement provides for a base salary of $400,000 per year, which the Company determined to be appropriate given Dr. Askarpour’s increased duties and responsibilities as Chief Executive Officer. If Dr. Askarpour’s employment is terminated by the Company without “cause” or by Dr. Askarpour for “good reason,” then, subject to Dr. Askarpour’s execution and non-revocation of a release of claims in favor of the Company, the Company will continue to pay Dr. Askarpour his base salary at the rate then in effect for a period of twelve (12) months following his termination date, during which period the Company will also pay Dr. Askarpour’s COBRA premiums. The employment agreement contains covenants restricting Dr. Askarpour’s ability to compete with the Company or solicit its employees, other service providers, or current, former, or prospective customers for twelve (12) months after the cessation of Dr. Askarpour’s employment. The employment agreement also contains standard confidentiality, assignment of invention, and non-disparagement provisions.

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The Company entered into an offer letter agreement with Mr. DiGiovanni on March 18, 2024 in connection with his hiring as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company. The offer letter provided for a base salary of $325,000 per year pro-rated from Mr. DiGovanni’s start date, an annual target bonus amount equal to 50% of his base salary, a grant of restricted common stock of the Company (as described in the section titled “Equity-based Compensation” above) and a grant of stock options. If Mr. DiGiovanni’s employment had been terminated by the Company without “cause,” then, subject to Mr. DiGiovanni’s execution and non-revocation of a release of claims in favor of the Company, the Company would continue to pay Mr. DiGiovanni his base salary at the rate then in effect for a period of six (6) months following his termination date in addition to a pro-rata bonus for the year of termination based on the actual bonus he would have been paid absent such termination. The offer letter contained covenants restricting Mr. DiGiovanni’s ability to compete with the Company or solicit its employees, other service providers, or current, former, or prospective customers for twelve (12) months after the cessation of Mr. DiGiovanni’s employment. The offer letter also contained standard confidentiality, assignment of invention, and non-disparagement provisions.

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The Company entered into an offer letter agreement with former Chief Financial Office, Michael. Linacre on June 1, 2022 in connection with his hiring as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company. The offer letter provideded for a base salary of $230,000 per year, an annual target bonus amount equal to 30% of his base salary, a grant of restricted common stock of the Company (as described in the section titled “Equity-based Compensation” above) and certain relocation benefits. If Mr. Linacre’s employment was terminated without “cause,” then, subject to Mr. Linacre’s execution and non-revocation of a release of claims in favor of the Company, the Company would continue to pay Mr. Linacre his base salary at the rate then in effect for a period of six (6) months following his termination date in addition to a pro-rata bonus for the year of termination based on the actual bonus he would have been paid absent such termination. The offer letter contained covenants restricting Mr. Linacre’s ability to compete with the Company or solicit its employees, other service providers, or current, former, or prospective customers for twelve (12) months after the cessation of Mr. Linacre’s employment. The offer letter also contained standard confidentiality, assignment of invention, and non-disparagement provisions.

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On November 8, 2023, Mr. Linacre resigned from all of his positions with the Company. In connection with his resignation, Mr. Linacre received continued salary compensation in an amount of a $62,500.

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In connection to Mr. Linacres resignation, on November 8, 2023, Relland M. Winand was appointed as the interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company. Mr. Winand, had previously served the Company as Chief Financial Officer from December 2014 until his retirement in July 2022, after serving as the Company’s Controller from September 2014 to December 2014.

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On November 9, 2023, the Company entered into an offer letter (the “Offer Letter”) with Mr. Winand with respect to his employment as the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer. Pursuant to the Offer Letter, Mr. Winand received an annual base salary of $250,000 and was eligible to participate in the Company’s benefit plans and programs generally available to employees of the Company, including retirement and health and welfare plans. Subsequent to Mr. Winands employment termination as Interim Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Winand received continued salary compensation in an amount of $165,000, which includes a one-time discretionary bonus of $125,000.

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Change in Control Benefits

The Compensation Committee has the authority to accelerate the vesting of Company equity awards granted to named executive officers under the Company’s 2019 Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2019 Plan”) upon a change in control of the Company (except for certain transactions that are expressly carved out under the 2019 Plan). The Company believes that such accelerated vesting is essential to maintaining the commitment and dedication of its key employees throughout a potential change in control of the Company. Unless otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee or provided in an award agreement, “change in control” is generally defined for these purposes as:

·the acquisition in one or more transactions during any 12-month period by any “person” (as such term is used for purposes of section 13(d) or section 14(d) of the Exchange Act) but excluding, for this purpose, the Company or its subsidiaries or any employee benefit plan of the Company or its subsidiaries, of “beneficial ownership” (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of forty percent (40%) or more of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding voting securities;

·a change in the composition of the Board during any 12-month period such that the individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board cease to constitute a majority of the Board;

·the consummation of a merger or consolidation involving the Company, if the shareholders of the Company, immediately before such merger or consolidation, do not own, directly or indirectly, immediately following such merger or consolidation, more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the outstanding voting securities of the corporation resulting from such merger or consolidation; or

·a complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company or a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company.

Under Dr. Askarpour’s amended and restated employment agreement, in the event of a “change in control,” if a successor to the Company fails or refuses to either materially assume the Company’s obligations under Dr. Askarpour’s employment agreement or enter into a new employment agreement with Dr. Askarpour on terms that are materially similar to those provided under his employment agreement, then Dr. Askarpour may terminate his employment with “good reason” and, subject to his execution and non-revocation of a release of claims in favor of the Company, the Company will continue to pay Dr. Askarpour his base salary at the rate then in effect for a period of twelve (12) months following his termination date, during which period the Company will also pay Dr. Askarpour’s COBRA premiums. For purposes of Dr. Askarpour’s employment agreement, “change in control” is generally defined for these purposes as:

On June 20, 2024, the Company entered into a Change in Control Agreement with Mr. DiGiovanni (the “Change in Control Agreement”). Pursuant to the Change in Control Agreement, in the event Mr. DiGiovanni is terminated (i) by the Company without Cause, or (ii) by Mr. DiGiovanni for Good Reason during the period beginning six (6) months prior to and ending two (2) years following a Change in Control of the Company (the terms “Cause,” “Change in Control” and “Good Reason” are defined in the Change in Control Agreements), Mr. DiGiovanni will be entitled to receive an amount equal to two (2) times the sum of (A) his base salary in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control, and (B) the maximum annual cash bonus and/or other incentive compensation opportunity available to Mr. DiGiovanni (as determined by the Board in its sole discretion). The Change in Control benefit will be paid in one lump sum on the 60th day following termination of employment, provided that the executive has executed and delivered a release of claims and the statutory period during which he or she may revoke that release has expired on or before that 60th day. Upon such termination, (x) all unvested equity awards held by Mr. DiGiovanni will immediately become vested and exercisable, (y) any options held by Mr. DiGiovanni at the time of such termination will continue to be exercisable until the earlier of two (2) years following the date of such termination and the option’s original expiration date, and (z) the Company will provide Mr. DiGiovanni with health (medical, dental and vision) and disability coverage substantially comparable to the coverage Mr. DiGiovanni was receiving from the Company immediately prior to the Change in Control for a period of eighteen (18) months following such termination.

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Stock Ownership/Retention Requirements

The Company has adopted a Stock Ownership and Retention Policy that applies to its Section 16 officers. We believe that the Stock Ownership and Retention Policy aligns the interests of our management team, directors and shareholders.

The ownership requirement for our CEO and our executive officers is calculated as a multiple of base salary, as noted below:

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Compliance with the minimum share ownership requirement is determined annually as of December 31 each year and commenced December 31, 2024. Individuals who have not yet attained the minimum share ownership requirement must retain 50% of his or her shares acquired upon the (i) vesting of restricted stock or restricted stock units, (ii) if applicable, the exercise of options, reduced by shares retained or tendered to cover taxes or the exercise price of options.

Qualifying shares that count toward the ownership requirement include:

·Shares owned outright (including shares held through an IRA, 401(k) account, spouse or dependent children, or shares held in trust for the benefit of the owner, his or her spouse, or his or her dependent children);

·Shares underlying equity awards that are deferred shares;

·Shares underlying vested options

Tax and Accounting Considerations

The Company considers tax and accounting implications in determining all elements of its executive compensation program. Section 162(m) of the Code generally denies a federal income tax deduction for compensation exceeding $1,000,000 paid in a taxable year to the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer or any of the three highest compensated officers (other than the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer). The Compensation Committee considers the impact of this deductibility limitation on

the compensation that it intends to award, and may pay compensation that is not deductible if it determines that doing so is in the best interest of the Company and consistent with the Company’s executive compensation program

The Compensation Committee considers the impact of various forms of compensation on the Company’s financial results. In particular, the Compensation Committee considers the potential impact on current and future financial results of all equity compensation that it approves.

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

This Summary Compensation Table provides information on the total compensation earned by each named executive officer for fiscal years ended September 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

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1.The amounts set forth in this column represent (i) for Dr. Askarpour’s and Mr. DiGiovanni’s, contributions to the their Savings Plan accounts for the applicable fiscal year, and (ii) for Mr. Linacre’s, $154,761 in relocation benefits and $7,730 in contributions to his Savings Plan account for the applicable fiscal year.

2.These amounts represent the aggregate grant date fair value determined in accordance with the valuation guidelines of ASC Topic 718 “Stock Compensation” with respect to the options granted to the named executive officers in the applicable year. See also Note 3, under the heading “Share-Based Compensation,” in the Company’s audited financial statements as filed in the Annual Report. The values do not correspond to the actual value that will be recognized by the named executive officers at the time such awards vest.

3.This award was inadvertently excluded from the Company’s 2022 proxy statement; however, the details of the award have been previously disclosed on Form 4.

4.Mr. DiGiovanni’s fiscal 2024 annual base salary was $325,000, however his fiscal 2024 pro-rata salary paid from date of hire for fiscal 2024 was $156,250.

5.Mr. Winand’s fiscal 2024 annual base salary was $250,00, however his fiscal 2024 pro-rata salary paid from date of hire for fiscal 2024 was $147,692 and included retainer compensation of $40,000.

6.Mr. Linacre’s fiscal 2024 annual base salary reflects pro-rata compensation as Mr. Linacre’s employment with the Company terminated effective as of November 8, 2023 and included retainer compensation of $62,500.

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GRANTS OF PLAN-BASED AWARDS

The following table sets forth information about non-equity and equity awards granted to the named executive officers in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024.

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1.The amounts included in this column are the dollar amounts representing the grant date fair value of each restricted stock unit or option share, as applicable, calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 817, and do not represent the actual value that may be recognized by the named executive officers upon vesting of restricted stock units or options.

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OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END

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The following table provides outstanding equity awards for the named executive officers as of the end of fiscal year 2024:

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1.The award becomes vested according to the following schedule: 50% at the date of grant, and the remaining 50% on a quarterly basis, becoming fully vested on the first anniversary of the date of grant.

2.The award became immediately vested at date of grant.

3.The award becomes ratably vested 25% per year for 4 years.

4.The award vests 25% at date of grant and 25% percent ratably for 3 years.

5.The award vests 25% percent ratably for 4 years.

6.The award becomes vested according to the following schedule: 25% on the first anniversary of grant date and 25% per quarter for the next 3 successive anniversary dates from date of grant.

7.The award becomes vested according to the following schedule: 25% on the first anniversary of grant date and 25% per quarter for the next 3 successive anniversary dates from date of grant.

8.The award becomes vested according to the following schedule: 8.33 % at 9/30/24, and 8.33% at the end of each calendar quarter end thereafter.

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OPTION EXERCISES AND STOCK VESTED

The following table provides information on the value of stock options that were exercised and stock awards that vested during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 for each of our named executive officers:

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POTENTIAL PAYMENTS UPON TERMINATION OR CHANGE IN CONTROL

Dr. Askarpour’s amended and restated employment agreement provides that if his employment is terminated by the Company without “cause” or by Dr. Askarpour for “good reason,” then, subject to his execution and non-revocation of a release of claims in favor of the Company, the Company will continue to pay Dr. Askarpour his base salary at the rate then in effect for a period of twelve (12) months following his termination date, during which period the Company will also pay Dr. Askarpour’s COBRA premiums. If Dr. Askarpour’s employment were terminated by the Company without “cause” or for “good reason” on September 30, 2024, the total amounts payable to Dr. Askarpour would have been $526,243. For purposes of Dr. Askarpour’s employment agreement, “cause” generally means (a)the commission by or conviction of Dr. Askarpour, or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to, a felony or any crime involving dishonesty, disloyalty, or moral turpitude; (b) Dr. Askarpour’s willful misconduct or willful failure substantially to perform the duties of his position or his willful refusal to comply with the lawful directives of the Board; (c) a breach by Dr. Askarpour of his employment agreement or any written policies of the Company applicable to Dr. Askarpour; (d) any act or omission by Dr. Askarpour constituting dishonesty, fraud or embezzlement, or an intentional violation of Dr. Askarpour’s duty of loyalty to the Company under law; (e) Dr. Askarpour’s gross negligence in the performance of his duties; or (f) Dr. Askarpour’s poor job performance or other improper conduct not otherwise described above, except that cause shall not exist based solely on clauses (e) or (f), unless the Company has given Dr. Askarpour written notice of its intent to terminate his employment for cause, and allowed Dr. Askarpour thirty (30) days to cure such alleged poor job

performance or other improper conduct. For purposes of Dr. Askarpour’s employment agreement, “good reason” generally means (a) a material reduction of Dr. Askarpour’s duties, responsibilities or authority; (b) a reduction of Dr. Askarpour’s base salary; (c) failure or refusal of a successor to the Company to either materially assume the Company’s obligations under Dr. Askarpour’s employment agreement or enter into a new employment agreement with Dr. Askarpour on terms that are materially similar to those provided under his employment agreement, in any case, in the event of a “change in control”; (d) a relocation of Dr. Askarpour’s primary work location that results in an increase in his one-way commute by more than twenty-five (25) miles; or (e) a material breach of Dr. Askarpour’s employment agreement by the Company. See the section titled “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” for additional information.

Mr. DiGiovanni offer letter provided that if his employment is terminated by the Company without “cause,” then, subject to his execution and non-revocation of a release of claims in favor of the Company, the Company would continue to pay Mr. DiGiovanni his base salary at the rate then in effect for a period of six (6) months following his termination date in addition to a pro-rata bonus for the year of termination based on the actual bonus he would have been paid absent such termination. If Mr. DiGiovanni’s employment were terminated by the Company without “cause” on September 30, 2024, the total amounts payable to Mr. DiGiovanni would have been $175,621. For purposes of Mr. DiGiovanni’s offer letter, “cause” generally means (a) the indictment or conviction of Mr. DiGiovanni, or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to, a felony or any crime involving moral turpitude or dishonesty; (b) Mr. DiGiovanni’s intentional action or an act of fraud, dishonesty or theft affecting the property, reputation, or business of the Company or its affiliates; (c) Mr. DiGiovanni’s willful and persistent neglect of his duties and responsibilities; (d) Mr. DiGiovanni’s failure or refusal to carry out the lawful directives of the Board; (e) Mr. DiGiovanni’s diverting any business opportunity of the Company or its affiliates for his own personal gain; (f) Mr. DiGiovanni’s omission of or misrepresentation of a significant fact on his employment application or resume; or (g) Mr. DiGiovanni misuse of alcohol or drugs affecting his work performance. See the section titled “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” for additional information.

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Pursuant to the Change in Control Agreement with Mr. DiGiovanni effective June 20, 2024, in the event Mr. DiGiovanni is terminated (i) by the Company without Cause, or (ii) by Mr. DiGiovanni for Good Reason during the period beginning six (6) months prior to and ending two (2) years following a Change in Control of the Company (the terms “Cause,” “Change in Control” and “Good Reason” are defined in the Change in Control Agreements), Mr. DiGiovanni will be entitled to receive an amount equal to two (2) times the sum of (A) his base salary in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control, and (B) the maximum annual cash bonus and/or other incentive compensation opportunity available to Mr. DiGiovanni (as determined by the Board in its sole discretion). The Change in Control benefit will be paid in one lump sum on the 60th day following termination of employment, provided that the executive has executed and delivered a release of claims and the statutory period during which he or she may revoke that release has expired on or before that 60th day. Upon such termination, (x) all unvested equity awards held by Mr. DiGiovanni will immediately become vested and exercisable, (y) any options held by Mr. DiGiovanni at the time of such termination will continue to be exercisable until the earlier of two (2) years following the date of such termination and the option’s original expiration date, and (z) the Company will provide Mr. DiGiovanni with health (medical, dental and vision) and disability coverage substantially comparable to the coverage Mr. DiGiovanni was receiving from the Company immediately prior to the Change in Control for a period of eighteen (18) months following such termination.

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Pursuant to an June 1, 2022 offer letter agreement with former Chief Financial Officer, Michael Linacre, if Mr. Linacre’s employment was terminated without “cause,” then, subject to Mr. Linacre’s execution and non-revocation of a release of claims in favor of the Company, the Company would continue to pay Mr. Linacre his base salary at the rate then in effect for a period of six (6) months following his termination date in addition to a pro-rata bonus for the year of termination based on the actual bonus he would have been paid absent such termination. The offer letter contained covenants restricting Mr. Linacre’s ability to compete with the Company or solicit its employees, other service providers, or current, former, or prospective customers for twelve (12) months after the cessation of Mr. Linacre’s employment. The offer letter also contained standard confidentiality, assignment of invention, and non-disparagement provisions.

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On November 8, 2023, Mr. Linacre resigned from all of his positions with the Company. In connection with his resignation, Mr. Linacre received continued salary compensation in an amount of $62,500.

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On November 9, 2023, the Company entered into an offer letter (the “Offer Letter”) with Mr. Winand with respect to his employment as the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer. Pursuant to the Offer Letter, Mr. Winand received an annual base salary of $250,000 and was eligible to participate in the Company’s benefit plans and programs generally available to employees of the Company, including retirement and health and welfare plans. Mr. Winand’s Offer Letter contained no termination or change in control provisions. Subsequent to Mr. Winands employment termination as Interim Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Winand received continued salary compensation in an amount of $165,000, which includes a one-time discretionary bonus of $125,000.

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The Company’s Compensation Committee has the authority to accelerate the vesting of Company stock options granted to named executive officers under the 2019 Plan upon a change in control of the Company. See the section titled “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” for additional information.

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PAY VERSUS PERFORMANCE

In accordance with rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, we provide the following disclosure regarding executive compensation and Company performance for the fiscal years listed below. The Compensation Committee did not consider the pay versus performance disclosure below in making its pay decisions for any of the fiscal years shown.

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1.The Principal Executive Officer (“PEO”) in 2023 and 2024 is Shahram Askarpour. The Non-PEO NEOs for whom the average compensation is presented in this table for 2024 is Mr. Jeffrey DiGiovanni, Mr. Michael Linacre and Mr. Relland Winand. The Non-PEO NEOs for whom the average compensation is presented in this table for 2023 is Michael Linacre.

2.The amounts shown as Compensation Actually Paid have been calculated in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K and do not reflect compensation actually realized or received by the Company’s NEOs. These amounts reflect total compensation as set forth in the Summary Compensation Table for each year, adjusted as described in footnote 3 below.

3.Compensation Actually Paid reflects the exclusions and inclusions for the PEO and NEOs set forth below. Amounts excluded, which are set forth in the Exclusion of Stock Awards columns below, represent the Stock Awards amounts from the applicable Summary Compensation Table. Amounts included in the Inclusion of Equity Values column below are the aggregate of the following components, as applicable: the fair value as of the end of the fiscal year of unvested equity awards granted in that year; the change in fair value during the year of equity awards granted in prior years that remained outstanding and unvested at the end of the year; and the change in fair value during the year through the vesting date of equity awards granted in prior years that vested during that year, less the fair value at the end of the prior year of awards granted prior to the year that failed to meet applicable vesting conditions during the year. Equity values are calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718.

4.Dollar values assume $100 was invested in the Company for the cumulative periods from September 30, 2021 to September 30, 2024 for fiscal 2024, from September 30, 2021 to September 30,2023 for fiscal 2023 and from September 30, 2021 to September 30, 2022 for fiscal 2022, respectively and assumes reinvestment of the pre-tax value of dividends paid. Historical stock performance is not necessarily indicative of future stock performance.

ADJUSTMENTS MADE TO DETERMINE COMPENSATION ACTUALLY PAID

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Description of Relationship Between NEO Compensation Actually Paid and Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”)

The following chart sets forth the relationship between Compensation Actually Paid to our PEO, the average of Compensation Actually Paid to our other NEOs, and the Company’s cumulative TSR over the fiscal three-year period from fiscal 2022 through fiscal 2024.

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Description of Relationship Between NEO Compensation Actually Paid and Net Income

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The following chart sets forth the relationship between Compensation Actually Paid to our PEO, the average of Compensation Actually Paid to our other NEOs, and our net income during the three-year period from fiscal 2022 through fiscal 2024.

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DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

Compensation of Directors

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Prior to January 1, 2024, the Company’s fiscal 2024 compensation program for Non-Employee Directors consisted of an annual retainer and restricted stock or restricted stock unit awards. Each Non-Employee Director was entitled to an annual retainer of $25,000 and an annual grant of of restricted stock units, with each such unit representing a contingent right to receive one share of common stock upon vesting to Non-Employee Directors under the 2019 Plan. The target value of such annual awards was $50,000 for each Non-Employee Director for fiscal 2024. The number of shares underlying such annual awards is calculated based upon the price of the Company’s common stock at the close of business on the date of the Company’s annual meeting and such shares vest on the first anniversary of the date of grant. A director who resigns during the course of the year will vest in and receive a pro rata portion of the shares that he or she otherwise would have vested (in the case of restricted stock) or received (in the case of restricted stock units) had no such resignation occurred, based on the number of days served during the applicable calendar year. In addition, all directors are reimbursed for reasonable travel and lodging expenses actually incurred in connection with required attendance at board and committee meetings.

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Further, prior to January 1, 2004, the Chairman of the Board received an annual retainer of $30,000 in addition to grants of restricted stock or restricted stock awards. The chairs of the Compensation Committee and Governance Committee each received an annual retainer of $5,000. The chair of the Audit Committee received an annual retainer of $12,000.

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Upon the January 10, 2024, Compensation Committee meeting, the Company’s fiscal 2024 board compensation program was amended to bring the non-employee directors, Chairman of the Board, Audit Committee Chair, Audit Committee members, the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee, member of the Compensation Committee and the Chairman of the Compensation Committee compensation levels closer to the median compensation levels of the Company’s peers. As such, effective January 1, 2024, each Non-Employee Director was entitled to an annual retainer of $45,000 and an annual grant of restricted stock unit awards with a date of grant target value of $75,000. The grant will be made on the date that the Board members are elected or re-elected at the annual meeting and will vest on the one-year anniversary of the date of grant. All cash retainers are paid quarterly in arrears. For Non-Employee Directors elected other than at an annual meeting, both cash retainers and equity grants will be pro-rated for the portion of the year that the Non-Employee Director serves until the next annual meeting.

Additionally, the following compensation amendments were made; The Chairman of the Board will receive an additional cash retainer of $30,000, members of the Audit Committee shall receive an additional cash retainer of $5,000, members of the Compensation Committee will receive an additional annual cash retainer of $5,000, members of the Nominating and Governance Committee will receive an additional cash retainer of $3,750, the Chairman of the Audit Committee will receive an additional cash retainer of $12,000, the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee will receive an additional cash retainer of $5,000 and the Chairman of the Compensation Committee will receive an additional cash retainer of $7,500.

Director Compensation Table

The following table provides information on the total compensation earned by each non-employee director of the Company for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024:

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Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership, as of January 12, 2025, of each person whom the Company knew to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of its common stock. To the knowledge of the Company, each of the shareholders named below has sole power to vote or direct the vote of such shares of common stock or the sole investment power with respect to such shares of common stock, unless otherwise indicated. The information provided in the table is based on the Company’s records, information filed with the SEC and information provided to the Company.

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1.As used in this table, beneficial ownership means the sole or shared power to vote or direct the voting of a security, or the sole or shared investment power with respect to a security (i.e., the power to dispose, or direct the disposition, of a security). A person is deemed as of any date to have beneficial ownership of any security that such person has the right to acquire within 60 days after such date. Percentage ownership is based upon 17,539,064 of common stock outstanding as of January 12, 2025.

2.Based solely on the Schedule 13D/A filed on August 19, 2024 filed by the Estate of Geoffrey S. M. Hedrick (the “Estate”) and Christopher Scott Ginieczki, as Personal Representative of the Estate of Geoffrey S. M. Hedrick (“Mr. Ginieczki”). According to the Schedule 13D/A, this amount includes 873,673 shares of common stock owned by the Estate and 20,948 shares of common stock owned by the Ginieczki Family Trust, of which Mr. Ginieczki is a co-trustee. According to the Schedule 13D/A, the Estate has shared voting and dispositive power as to 873,673 shares of common stock and Mr. Ginieczki has shared voting and dispositive power as to 894,621 shares of common stock. The address for the Estate is c/o Innovative Solutions and Support, Inc., Attn: Christopher Scott Ginieczki, Personal Representative of Estate, 720 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, PA 19341. Mr. Ginieczki’s address is 2788 San Tomas Expressway, Santa Clara, CA 95051.

3.Based solely on Schedule 13D/A filed on May 5, 2024 by Christopher Harborne (“Mr. Harborne”) and Klear Kite LLC (“Klear Kite”), Klear Kite and, by virtue of being the sole member of Klear Kite, Mr. Harborne, each beneficially owns 2,609,769 shares of common stock, which are held directly by Klear Kite. Based on the 13D/A, Klear Kite and Mr. Harborne share voting and investment power over all such shares. Christopher Harborne’s address is 23F M Thai Tower, All Seasons Place, 87 Wireless Road, Bangkok 10300 Thailand.

4.Based solely on Schedule 13G/A filed on February 3, 2022. WealthTrust Axiom LLC’s address is 550 Swedesford Road, Suite 110, Wayne, PA 19087.

5.Based solely on Schedule 13G/A filed on September 10, 2014. Central Square Management LLC’s address is 1813 N. Mill Street, Suite F, Naperville, IL 60563.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF MANAGEMENT

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The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership, as of January 12, 2025, of (i) each director, (ii) the chief executive officer, the chief financial officer and the Company’s other executive officers during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, and (iii) all the current directors and executive officers as a group. Unless otherwise indicated, each of the shareholders named below has sole voting and investment power with respect to such shares, and the address of each of the shareholders named below is c/o Innovative Solutions and Support, Inc., 720 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341. The information provided in the table is based on the Company’s records, information filed with the SEC, and information provided to the Company.

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* Less than 1%.

1.As used in this table, beneficial ownership means the sole or shared power to vote or direct the voting of a security, or the sole or shared investment power with respect to a security (i.e., the power to dispose, or direct the disposition, of a security). A person is deemed as of any date to have beneficial ownership of any security that such person has the right to acquire within 60 days after such date. Percentage ownership is based upon 17,539,064 shares of common stock outstanding as of January 12, 2025.

2.Dr. Askarpour’s Beneficial Ownership as of January 12, 2025 includes (1) 242,458 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding, (2) 35,006 unvested Restricted Stock Units (RSU’s) outstanding which shall vest within 60 days of January 12, 2025, (3) 200,000 Non-Qualified Stock Options (NQSO’s) vested as of January 12, 2025 and (4) 43,003 unvested NQSO’s which shall vest within 60 days of January 12, 2025.

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EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

The following table provides information about Company common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of options and pursuant to other awards under all of the Company’s existing equity compensation plans and arrangements as of September 30, 2024, including the 2019 Plan.

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In the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, awards were granted to the Company’s non-employee directors under the Company’s then-existing equity compensation plans and arrangements with respect to 43,986, 36,182 and 27,425 shares, respectively.

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2019 Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plan

The 2019 Plan was approved by the Company’s shareholders at the Company’s Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on April 2, 2019. The 2019 Plan authorizes the grant of stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, options and other equity-based awards. Options granted under the 2019 Plan may be either “incentive stock options” as defined in Section 422 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), or nonqualified stock options, as determined by the Compensation Committee.

Subject to an adjustment necessary upon a stock dividend, recapitalization, forward split or reverse split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination, repurchase or share exchange, extraordinary or unusual cash distribution, or similar corporate transaction or event, the maximum number of shares of common stock available for awards under the 2019 Plan is 750,000, plus 139,691 shares of common stock that were authorized but unissued under the Company’s 2019 Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plan as of the effective date of the 2019 Plan (i.e., April 2, 2019), all of which may be issued pursuant to awards of incentive stock options. On April 18, 2024, the Company amended the 2019 Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plan to include an additional 1,950,000 authorized shares available for issuance. As of September 30, 2024, there were 1,879,225 shares of common stock available for awards under the 2019 Plan.

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If any award is forfeited, terminates or otherwise is settled for any reason without an actual distribution of shares to the participant, the related shares of common stock subject to such award will again be available for future grant. Any shares tendered by a participant in payment of the exercise price of an option or the tax liability with respect to an award (including, in any case, shares withheld from any such award) will not be available for future grant under the 2019 Plan. If there is any change in the Company’s corporate capitalization, the Compensation Committee must proportionately and equitably adjust the number and kind of shares of common stock which may be issued in connection with future awards, the number and kind of shares of common stock covered by awards then outstanding under the 2019 Plan, the aggregate number and kind of shares of common stock available under the 2019 Plan, any applicable individual limits on the number of shares of common stock available for awards under the 2019 Plan, the exercise or grant price of any award, or if deemed appropriate, make provision for a cash payment with respect to any outstanding award. In addition, the Compensation Committee may make adjustments in the terms and conditions of any awards, including any performance goals, in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Company or any subsidiary, or in response to changes in applicable laws, regulations, or accounting principles.

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The 2019 Plan will terminate on April 2, 2029, unless earlier terminated by the Board. Termination will not affect awards outstanding at the time of termination. The Board may amend, alter, suspend, discontinue, or terminate the 2019 Plan without shareholder approval, provided that shareholder approval is required for any amendment which (i) would increase the number of shares subject to

the 2019 Plan; (ii) would decrease the price at which awards may be granted; or (iii) would require shareholder approval by law, regulation, or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system.

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Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence.

Related Party Transactions

The written charter of the Audit Committee provides that it is the responsibility of the Audit Committee to review and approve any transaction between the Company and its officers, directors, and 5% shareholders.

During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, there was not, nor is there any currently proposed transaction or series of similar transactions to which the Company was or is to be a party in which the amount involved exceeded or exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or 1% of the average of our total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years and in which any executive officer, director, director nominee or holder of more than 5% of any class of voting securities of the Company and members of that person’s immediate family had, has or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than as set forth in “Executive Compensation” and “Director Compensation Table” sections above.

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On October 18, 2024, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Peduzzi Associated, ltd. (“PAL”), an entity in which Maj. General Dean serves as President. PAL will provide consulting services in support of IS&S business development growth into the Department of Defense. The term of the agreement is for one year and in consideration for services IS&S will pay PAL a retainer of $9,500 per month.

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DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The Board has affirmatively determined, in its business judgment, that the following directors are independent directors within the meaning of the applicable Nasdaq listing standards: Glen R. Bressner, Roger A. Carolin, Stephen L. Belland, Garry Dean and Parizad Olver (for the period during which she served as a member of the Board during fiscal 2024). All members of our Audit Committee, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and Compensation Committee are currently independent (as currently set forth in Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq listing rules). On January 28, 2024, the Board of Directors determined that Ms. Olver did not meet the heightened independence requirements for service on the Audit Committee as required by the rules and regulations of the SEC and, as a result, the listing standards of Nasdaq applicable to audit committee members due to the payment in November 2023 of $72,990 to a company in which Ms. Olver is the managing partner and has an ownership interest for services provided in connection with the sale of the Company’s 2008 Super King Air B200GT SN BY-50. Upon making this determination, the Board of Directors removed Ms. Olver from the Audit Committee and appointed Mr. Belland to take her place. In determining the independence of our directors, our Board considered all transactions in which we and any director had any interest, including the aforementioned fee for consulting services paid to a company in which Ms. Parchi is the managing partner and has an ownership interest.

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Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Services provided by Grant Thornton for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 have included audits of the annual consolidated financial statements of the Company and other services related to filings made with the SEC. The aggregate fees billed by Grant Thornton in connection with services rendered during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were:

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Audit Fees

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Audit fees for fiscal years 2024 and 2023 were for professional services rendered for the audit of the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements, review of the interim consolidated financial statements included in quarterly reports, and services that are normally provided by Grant Thornton in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

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Audit Related Fees

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Audit-related fees were paid to Grant Thornton during fiscal years 2024 and 2023 for services related to the audit of the required historical financial statements of certain assets acquired from Honeywell International, Inc. during fiscal years 2024 and 2023.

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Tax-Related Fees

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No tax-related fees were paid to Grant Thornton during fiscal years 2024 or 2023.

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All Other Fees

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No other fees were incurred in connection with services provided by Grant Thornton during fiscal years 2024 or 2023.

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Pre-Approved Policies and Procedures

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The Audit Committee’s policy is to pre-approve the engagement of accountants to render all audit and tax-related services for the Company and any changes to the terms of the engagement. The Audit Committee pre-approves all proposed non-audit related services to be provided by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee reviews the terms of the engagement and a description of the services along with a fee proposal for the engagement. If agreed to by the Audit Committee, the Audit Committee formally accepts the engagement letter and fee proposal. Any proposal by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for non-audit services must be specific as to the particular services to be provided. Management and the independent registered public accounting firm must each confirm to the Compensation Committee that each proposed non-audit and non-audit related service is permissible under all applicable legal requirements. Requests can be submitted to the Audit Committee and approved in one of the following ways: by a request for approval of services at a meeting of the Audit Committee, or through a written request to the Audit Committee, which may be approved by a written consent by the Audit Committee or by a designated member of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee approved all 2024 and 2023 fees paid to Grant Thornton.

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Pursuant to the adoption of the Audit Committee Charter (as revised), the Board has adopted a policy which prohibits the Company from entering into non-audit related consulting agreements for financial information systems design and implementation, for certain other services considered to have an impact on independence, and for all other services prohibited by Sarbanes-Oxley and SEC

regulations. The policy also contains procedures requiring Audit Committee pre-approval of all audit and permitted non-audit services provided by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm.

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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

See index to Financial Statements at Item 8 of the Form 10-K.

Schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or are not required or the information required to be set forth therein is included in the financial statements or notes thereto.