NTRSO Northern Trust Corporation

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PROXY SUMMARY

This summary highlights certain information contained in this Proxy Statement. The accompanying proxy is solicited on behalf of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Northern Trust Corporation (the “Corporation”) for use at the Corporation’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on Tuesday, April 16, 2024 (the “Annual Meeting”). You should read the entire Proxy Statement carefully before voting. On or about March 6, 2024, we began mailing or otherwise making available our proxy materials, including a copy of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, to all stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting.

For more information on voting and attending the Annual Meeting, see “General Information about the Annual Meeting” on page 81 of this Proxy Statement.

Description of Business

Northern Trust is a leading provider of wealth management, asset servicing, asset management and banking solutions to corporations, institutions, families and individuals. Founded in Chicago in 1889, Northern Trust has a global presence with offices in 24 U.S. states and Washington, D.C., and across 22 locations in Canada, Europe, the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific region. As of December 31, 2023, Northern Trust had assets under custody/administration of $15.4 trillion, and assets under management of $1.4 trillion.

Mission

To be our clients’ most trusted financial partner, guarding and growing their assets as if they were our own.

Principles that Endure

Northern Trust’s core principles of service, expertise, and integrity have remained constant for over 130 years. Throughout our history and changing market environments, we have led by aligning our efforts with these guiding principles. Today, we remain committed to these founding principles which continue to unite and drive our workforce around the globe—delivering unparalleled service and expertise, with integrity.

Service Relentless drive to provide exceptional service		Expertise Resolving complex challenges with multi-asset class capabilities		Integrity Acting with the highest ethics, utmost honesty and unfailing reliability

PROXY SUMMARY

Key highlights with respect to our financial performance:

We achieved these financial results while continuing to maintain strong capital ratios, with all ratios exceeding those required for classification as “well capitalized” under federal bank regulatory capital requirements.

PROXY SUMMARY

PROXY SUMMARY

Recent, or upcoming, changes to our executive leadership team include:

Based upon its review of our corporate performance and the individual performance of each named executive officer, discussed in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis beginning on page 32 of this Proxy Statement, the Human Capital and Compensation Committee approved the compensation amounts outlined in the table below. This table provides a comprehensive summary of each named executive officer’s total direct compensation for the 2023 and 2022 performance years. This perspective may be useful in reviewing key incentive compensation decisions, as this is how the Committee considers performance and pay, with incentive compensation generally reflective of prior year’s performance. It should be noted that the table below is not intended to be a substitute for the Summary Compensation Table on page 54, as certain amounts in the table below are different than the amounts in the Summary Compensation Table. The most significant difference is that this table reflects long-term incentive awards granted in February 2024 and February 2023 for the 2023 and 2022 performance years, respectively, while the Summary Compensation Table provides the value of the equity awards for the year in which they were granted.

(1) Except for Mr. Gamba, represents the applicable named executive officer’s salary, as determined in February 2023 and 2022, respectively. See footnote 3 below with respect to Mr. Gamba.

(2) Represents the total cash and equity incentive awards received by the applicable named executive officer in February 2024 for the 2023 performance year and February 2023 for the 2022 performance year, respectively.

(3) Mr. Gamba joined Northern Trust effective April 3, 2023. His annualized 2023 salary was established at that time and is reflected in the table above. The Corporation also granted him an award of restricted stock units with a grant date fair value of $4.8 million as a make-whole award to replace unvested equity awards Mr. Gamba forfeited when he terminated employment with his former employer. These awards are subject to forfeiture and/or clawback if Mr. Gamba does not maintain continuous employment with the Corporation for a prescribed period of time. Mr. Gamba’s restricted stock unit awards are subject to terms and conditions identical to those granted to our other named executive officers. When considering Mr. Gamba’s initial compensation arrangement, the Human Capital and Compensation Committee considered a variety of market data, Mr. Gamba’s experience, the value of outstanding equity awards from his prior employer, and the input of Meridian Compensation Partners, LLC as its compensation consultant.

PROXY SUMMARY

Consistent with our pay for performance philosophy, the pay mix for our CEO and each of our other named executive officers heavily emphasizes incentive compensation. Our long-term incentive mix further emphasizes performance-based pay, with 65% of the long-term incentives being awarded in performance stock units earned based on performance over a three-year period, and 35% being awarded in restricted stock units which vest ratably over a four-year period.

PROXY SUMMARY

Committees of the Board

Other Public Company or Investment Company Boards

Director

Age

Audit

Business Risk

Capital Governance

Corporate Governance

Executive

Human Capital and Compensation

Linda Walker Bynoe Independent Director Since 2006

71

✓

C

✓

2

Susan Crown Independent Director Since 1997

65

✓

✓

1

Dean M. Harrison Independent Director Since 2015

69

✓

C*

✓

0

Jay L. Henderson Lead Director / Independent Director Since 2016

68

C

✓

✓

✓

✓

2

Marcy S. Klevorn Independent Director Since 2019

64

✓

✓*

2

Siddharth N. “Bobby” Mehta Independent Director Since 2019

65

✓*

✓

2

Michael G. O’Grady Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Director Since 2017

58

C

1

Martin P. Slark Independent Director Since 2011

69

1

David H. B. Smith, Jr. Independent Director Since 2010

57

✓

C

✓

1

Donald Thompson Independent Director Since 2015

60

✓

✓

C

1

Charles A. Tribbett III Independent Director Since 2005

68

✓

✓

0

C - Chair    ✓ - Member    * - Member of Cybersecurity Risk Oversight Subcommittee chaired by Ms. Klevorn

PROXY SUMMARY

* The Corporation is currently in the process of identifying additional candidates for appointment to the Board. During 2023, the Corporation engaged a third-party global executive recruiting firm to further facilitate this process and has been actively engaging with a number of individuals possessing the skills, expertise, and other personal characteristics identified as priorities for the Board. The Corporation expects that female directors will represent no less than 30% of directors by year-end 2024.

Northern Trust incorporates fundamental sustainability considerations into how we operate as a corporation, as a financial steward for our clients, and as a participant in broader society. Actions demonstrating our commitment to sustainability principles include:

Advancing Sustainability

In 2021, we announced our commitment to achieve net-zero carbon emissions for our business operations by 2050, which means we are focused on permanently reducing greenhouse gas emissions directly linked to our operations to as close to zero as possible and offsetting or neutralizing any unabated emissions. As we continue to evaluate and reduce our impact on the environment while on the journey to net-zero, we remained carbon neutral for business operations in 2023, through the purchase of carbon allowances. Other actions demonstrating our commitment to advancing sustainability include:

Bolstering Inclusion

Diversity, equity, and inclusion (“DE&I”) is a business imperative that contributes to fostering an inclusive environment in which there are equitable opportunities for financial inclusion for clients, vendors/suppliers and our employees. Over the past year, we continued to enhance our policies, practices, and structures to ensure that we attract, develop, engage and retain the best talent. As we build on our strengths around inclusion and continue our commitment to advance DE&I, our efforts include:

PROXY SUMMARY

Championing Social Impact

Northern Trust has a long-standing history of supporting underserved communities through philanthropic and civic initiatives. In 2023, we distributed nearly $16 million in philanthropic support to community-based organizations around the world. While charitable giving is core to our value proposition, we are also champions of social impact investing. In 2023, we committed $212 million in community development investments to support affordable housing, education and social services, job creation and wealth creation. The Corporation’s principal subsidiary, The Northern Trust Company (the “Bank”), received an “outstanding” Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) rating from the Federal Reserve Board of Chicago in its most recent examination which evaluates banks on their commitment to make capital available for low- to moderate-income neighborhoods, families, and individuals. Our long track record of “outstanding” CRA ratings has allowed us to build and maintain strong private-public partnerships with communities and clients throughout the U.S. Combined with our philanthropic efforts, we continue to be deeply committed to inclusive social and economic development for all.

For more information on our sustainability, see “Corporate Governance—Sustainability” on page 27 of this Proxy Statement.

PROXY SUMMARY

ITEM 1—ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

Stockholders will be asked to elect eleven directors at the Annual Meeting. Each of the eleven nominees is currently serving as a director of the Corporation and its principal subsidiary, the Bank. Jose Luis Prado will not be standing for re-election, as he will be retiring from service as a director of the Corporation effective upon the conclusion of his current term at the Annual Meeting. Mr. Prado has served as member of the Board since 2012.

Each of the eleven director nominees has consented to serve as a director if elected at the Annual Meeting. Each nominee elected as a director will serve until the next Annual Meeting of Stockholders or until his or her successor is elected and qualified. If any nominee is unable to serve as a director at the time of the Annual Meeting, your proxy may be voted for the election of another nominee proposed by the Board or the Board may reduce the number of directors to be elected at the Annual Meeting.

As discussed further under “Corporate Governance—Director Nominations and Qualifications and Proxy Access,” in evaluating director nominees, the Corporate Governance Committee considers a variety of factors, including relevant business and industry experience, professional background, age, current employment, community service and other board service. The Committee also considers the racial, ethnic, gender identity and other forms of diversity represented on the Board in assessing nominees. Accordingly, the eleven director nominees possess a wide variety of experience, qualifications and skills, which equip the Board with the collective expertise to perform its oversight function effectively. Each of the candidates also has a reputation for, and long record of, integrity and good business judgment; has experience in leadership positions with a high degree of responsibility; is free from conflicts of interest that could interfere with his or her duties to the Corporation and its stockholders; and is willing and able to make the necessary commitment of time and attention required for effective Board service.

Further information with respect to the nominees for election to the Board at the Annual Meeting, including a summary of certain key skills, experience, and demographic background information, is set forth on the following pages.

INFORMATION ABOUT THE NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR

Biographical Information

The following information about the nominees for election to the Board at the Annual Meeting is as of the date of this Proxy Statement, unless otherwise indicated.

INFORMATION ABOUT THE NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR

INFORMATION ABOUT THE NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR

INFORMATION ABOUT THE NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR

INFORMATION ABOUT THE NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR

INFORMATION ABOUT THE NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR

INFORMATION ABOUT THE NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR

BOARD AND BOARD COMMITTEE INFORMATION

Our Board currently consists of twelve members. The Board has determined that each of the following eleven current directors is independent in accordance with our independence standards, which conform with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) rules and the listing standards of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (“NASDAQ”): Linda Walker Bynoe, Susan Crown, Dean M. Harrison, Jay L. Henderson, Marcy S. Klevorn, Siddharth N. “Bobby” Mehta, Jose Luis Prado (who is not standing for re-election), Martin P. Slark, David H. B. Smith, Jr., Donald Thompson and Charles A. Tribbett III.

During 2023, the Corporation’s Board held eight meetings. All incumbent directors during 2023 attended at least 75% of the total meetings of the Board and the committees on which they served occurring during the period in which they served. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines state that all directors are expected to attend each Annual Meeting of Stockholders. In accordance with this expectation, all of the directors then serving attended the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on April 25, 2023.

Board Committees

The standing committees of the Board are the Audit Committee, the Business Risk Committee, the Capital Governance Committee, the Corporate Governance Committee, the Executive Committee and the Human Capital and Compensation Committee. The Cybersecurity Risk Oversight Subcommittee assists the Business Risk Committee in discharging its oversight duties with respect to cybersecurity risk. With the exception of the Executive Committee, all standing committees and subcommittees are composed solely of independent directors. Consequently, independent directors directly oversee critical matters and appropriately oversee the Chairman and CEO and other members of senior management. Each standing committee and subcommittee is governed by a written charter. These charters detail the duties and responsibilities of each committee and subcommittee and are available on the Corporation’s website at www.northerntrust.com.

Additional information regarding the roles, responsibilities and composition of the Board’s standing committees and subcommittees is set forth below.

BOARD AND BOARD COMMITTEE INFORMATION

BOARD AND BOARD COMMITTEE INFORMATION

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Key Governance Practices

We believe that the high standards set by our governance structure provide the foundation for the strength of our business. An overview of certain key governance practices reflective of our strong governance profile is set forth below.

Director Independence

To be considered independent, the Board must affirmatively determine that a director has no relationship with the Corporation which, in the opinion of the Board, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. The Corporation’s Corporate Governance Guidelines require that a majority of the directors serving on the Board meet the criteria for “independence” under NASDAQ listing standards.

In making independence determinations, the Board considers, among all other relevant matters, the criteria for independence contained in the NASDAQ listing standards. Under these standards, the following persons shall not be considered “independent”:

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

“Family Member” means a person’s spouse, parents, children, siblings, mothers- and fathers-in-law, sons- and daughters-in-law, brothers- and sisters-in-law, and anyone (other than domestic employees) who shares the person’s home.

The Board has determined that each director serving during 2023 was, and each current director is, independent of the Corporation in accordance with the Corporation’s Corporate Governance Guidelines and categorical standards, except for Mr. O’Grady, who currently serves as the Corporation’s Chairman and CEO.

In addition to the categorical standards, the Board considered that the Corporation or its subsidiaries provided financial services to each of its directors, or persons or entities affiliated with such directors, except for Ms. Klevorn and Mr. Tribbett, including trust and related services, brokerage services, investment management, asset servicing, asset management, credit services and other banking services. These transactions were undertaken in the ordinary course of business and were made on substantially the same terms (including interest rates and collateral for loan transactions) as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons not related to the Corporation or any affiliated entities involved in the transactions. None of these transactions involved more than the normal risk of collectability or presented other unfavorable features, and any extensions of credit to directors and executive officers of the Corporation were permitted under the provisions of Section 13(k) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). None of these transactions or any transactions in which the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries sold or purchased products and services to or from any of the Corporation’s directors, or persons or entities affiliated with its directors, were material to the Corporation or any affiliated entities involved in the transactions. With respect to Mr. Henderson, the Board also considered the related party transaction reviewed and approved by the Audit Committee in accordance with the Corporation’s Related Person Transactions Policy described below. In each case, the Board determined that these relationships did not affect any director’s ability to exercise independent judgment in carrying out his or her responsibilities as a director.

Related Person Transactions Policy

The Board, through its Audit Committee, has adopted a written Related Person Transactions Policy to govern the review, approval, and ratification of any transaction, arrangement or relationship in which the Corporation or its subsidiaries are party, the amount involved exceeds $120,000, and in which any related persons have a direct or indirect material interest. “Related persons” means the Corporation’s directors, nominees for director, executive officers, greater than five percent beneficial owners, members of their immediate family and any person (other than a tenant or employee) sharing their household.

Any related person proposing to enter into a potential related party transaction with the Corporation or its subsidiaries must notify the Corporate Secretary of the facts and circumstances of the proposed transaction. If the Corporate Secretary finds that the transaction would constitute a related party transaction, it must be reviewed and approved or ratified by the Audit Committee or the Audit Committee Chair. In considering related person transactions, the Audit Committee or the Audit Committee Chair will consider all relevant facts and circumstances and approve only those related person transactions that are in, or otherwise not inconsistent with, the best interests of the Corporation and its subsidiaries.

Kathleen Henderson, Mr. Henderson’s daughter, has been employed by the Bank since 2005, currently serving as a Senior Vice President within the Wealth Management business of the Bank. In such role, Ms. Henderson earned compensation in excess of $120,000 in 2023, and received retirement, health and wellness benefits, all on comparable terms as those provided for other employees of the Bank. Pursuant to the Related Person Transactions Policy, our Audit Committee considers and approves Ms. Henderson’s employment on an annual basis. Mr. Henderson recuses himself from consideration of such matters.

Based on information contained in Schedule 13G filings with the SEC, The Vanguard Group, Inc. (“Vanguard”) reported that it beneficially owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Corporation’s common stock as of December 31, 2023. In the ordinary course of business during 2023, the Bank provided and is expected to continue to provide custody, asset servicing, and brokerage services to Vanguard and its related entities and funds involving amounts in excess of $120,000. These and other routine business transactions, including extensions of credit, were entered into on an arm’s-length basis and contain customary terms and conditions. The Corporation and its subsidiaries may also, in the ordinary course, invest in Vanguard funds or other products.

Executive Sessions

The independent directors of the Corporation met in executive sessions separate from management six times during 2023. The Lead Director or, in his absence, another independent director designated by the Lead Director, presides at executive sessions of the independent directors. The standing committees and subcommittees of the Board also regularly held executive sessions during 2023. These sessions were led by the respective independent committee and subcommittee Chairs.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Board Evaluations

The Board and each of its standing committees and subcommittees thoroughly evaluate their own effectiveness throughout the year. The evaluation is a multi-faceted process that includes discussions with our Lead Director, individual director input on Board and committee meeting agenda topics, executive sessions without management present, periodic input to our Chairman and CEO and other members of senior management on agenda topics and enhancements to Board and committee effectiveness, an annual formal self-evaluation overseen by the Corporate Governance Committee, and opportunities to provide candid reflection on the performance of other directors. A summary of the self-evaluation process is as follows.

Determine Format   Each year, the Committee formally considers and approves the process through which Board and committee self-evaluations are to be conducted to ensure they remain efficient and effective means by which to assess, and foster the continual enhancement of, the Board and its committees.   From time to time, the Committee engages with an independent third party to inform its consideration of the self-evaluation process. The most recent such engagement was in 2021 and resulted in the implementation of certain best practice enhancements.

Conduct Evaluation   In recent years, the self-evaluation process has been led by the Lead Director, who conducts in-depth, one-on-one discussions with each of our directors guided by a list of thematic questions, including with respect to: ●  Board, committee, and director performance ●  Board and committee composition, diversity and leadership ●  Management’s (including the risk management and internal audit functions) relationship with the Board and information flow ●  Corporate strategy and risks ●  Corporate and Board culture ●  Board and committee priorities

Review Feedback   The Lead Director provides a summary of these discussions to the full Board for its consideration in executive session.   Each standing committee also meets in executive session to provide an opportunity to discuss the key takeaways from the evaluation process as they may apply to such committee’s effectiveness.

Implement Feedback   In response to feedback from the evaluation process, the Board and committees work with management to improve policies and practices to enhance Board and committee effectiveness.

As a result of this evaluation process, certain enhancements have been made in recent years to Board and committee practices and meeting materials to further their effectiveness. For example, the Board’s 2022 self-evaluation process identified the Board’s desire for additional discussion regarding forward-looking risk management and reporting, recommendations for external Board education opportunities, and certain enhancements to Board and committee practices and meeting materials, each of which was implemented throughout 2023.

Board Leadership Structure

The current leadership structure of the Board consists of a combined Chairman and CEO position (currently Mr. O’Grady) and a separate Lead Director (currently Mr. Henderson) who is appointed annually by the Corporation’s independent directors in accordance with the Corporation’s Corporate Governance Guidelines. The Board has determined that combining the positions of Chairman and CEO is most appropriate for the Corporation at this time, as having one person serve as Chairman and CEO provides unified leadership and direction to the Corporation and strengthens the ability of the CEO to develop and implement strategic initiatives and respond effectively in crisis situations. The Board also believes that the desire for independent leadership of the Board is sufficiently achieved by the prominent role of the Lead Director.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The Lead Director’s role with respect to the Corporation is a significant one, with primary responsibilities including the following:

The Board believes that Mr. Henderson’s vast business and leadership experience and his leadership roles on other public company boards of directors provide the appropriate expertise and business acumen that helps ensure strong and independent oversight and effective collaboration among the directors. Led by Mr. Henderson, the independent members of the Board met six times during fiscal year 2023 in regularly scheduled executive sessions (without the presence of the Chairman and CEO) to discuss various matters related to oversight, Board affairs, and CEO performance. Using input collected from the independent members of our Board during each executive session, Mr. Henderson discusses the agenda and materials for future Board meetings with the Chairman and CEO and members of management. Mr. Henderson also frequently attended other Board committee meetings of which he was not a member and was part of significant engagement and outreach efforts with all of the Corporation’s stakeholders, including investors, regulators, clients, employees, and the community in which we operate.

Taking into account the prominence of the Lead Director role at the Corporation, the Board has determined that the Corporation’s current Board leadership structure provides significant independent leadership of the Board and is most appropriate for the Corporation at this time. The Corporation has a strong independent Board, with all current directors except for Mr. O’Grady having been determined to be independent under NASDAQ listing standards and all standing committees of the Board except for the Executive Committee being composed solely of independent directors. The significant and meaningful responsibilities of the Corporation’s independent directors, together with those of the Lead Director, also foster good governance practices and provide for substantial independent oversight of critical matters related to the Corporation.

Risk Oversight

General

The Board provides oversight of risk management directly as well as through its Audit, Business Risk (including, as described below, the Cybersecurity Risk Oversight Subcommittee), Capital Governance and Human Capital and Compensation Committees. The Board approves the Corporation’s risk management framework and Corporate Risk Appetite Statement, which reflect the expectation that risk be consciously considered as part of the Corporation’s strategic decisions and in its day-to-day activities. The Corporation actively monitors employees using programs, policies, and other tools that are designed to ensure that they work within established risk frameworks and limits. The Business Risk Committee assumes primary responsibility and oversight with respect to credit risk, market and liquidity risk, fiduciary risk, operational risk, compliance risk and strategic risk. The Audit Committee provides oversight with respect to financial reporting and legal risk, while the Human Capital and Compensation Committee oversees the development and operation of the incentive compensation program of the Corporation and its subsidiaries. The Human Capital and Compensation Committee annually reviews an assessment of the effectiveness of the design and performance of the incentive compensation arrangements and practices in providing incentives that are consistent with the safety and soundness of the Corporation and its subsidiaries. This assessment includes a third-party evaluation of whether these incentive compensation arrangements and practices discourage inappropriate risk-taking behavior by participants. Pursuant to its charter, the Human Capital and Compensation

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Committee is required to have at least one member who is a member of the Business Risk Committee and at least one member who is a member of the Audit Committee. Among other responsibilities, the Capital Governance Committee oversees the processes and activities of the Corporation and its subsidiaries related to resolution planning and capital management assessments, forecasting and stress testing, including the annual CCAR exercise, and challenges management, as appropriate, on various elements of such processes and activities. Accordingly, the Capital Governance Committee provides oversight with respect to the linkage of the Corporation’s material risks to the capital management assessment and resolution planning processes. The charters for the Audit, Business Risk, Capital Governance and Human Capital and Compensation Committees provide that the committees may meet with the individuals who supervise day-to-day risk management responsibilities of the Corporation and other members of management, consultants or advisors, as each committee deems appropriate.

Cybersecurity and Technology Risk Management Oversight

As a financial services company entrusted with the safeguarding of sensitive information, the Board believes that a strong cybersecurity and technology risk management program is crucial to the Corporation’s success in an environment of increasing cybersecurity threats. Accordingly, the Board and the Business Risk Committee play meaningful roles with respect to the oversight of cyber and technology risk management at the Corporation. Specifically, in conjunction with its oversight of overall operational risk, the Business Risk Committee oversees management’s actions to identify, assess, mitigate and remediate material issues related to cybersecurity and technology risk; annually reviews and approves the Corporation’s cyber and technology risk management policy; and receives regular updates from management, including the CEO, Chief Information Officer, Chief Risk Officer, Head of Non-Financial Risk and Chief Information Risk Officer, and Chief Information Security Officer on the Corporation’s cybersecurity and technology risk management practices and profile. The Business Risk Committee established the Cybersecurity Risk Oversight Subcommittee—which met eight times in 2023—to provide for an even deeper focus on, and governance framework around, cybersecurity risks inherent in the Corporation’s business. The Board also plays a role with respect to the oversight of such risks, meeting periodically with management and third-party experts to discuss its role in crisis management, receive relevant industry updates, and review tabletop exercises designed to evaluate the Corporation’s cybersecurity event management capabilities.

For a further description of the risk management policies and practices of the Corporation’s Board and management, including those related to cybersecurity and technology risk management, see the sections entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Risk Management” and “Cybersecurity,” respectively, in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Corporate Governance Guidelines

The Corporation has had Corporate Governance Guidelines in place since 2000. The Corporate Governance Committee reviews and reassesses the adequacy of the Corporate Governance Guidelines at least annually and recommends any changes to the Board for approval. The Corporation’s Corporate Governance Guidelines embody many of the Corporation’s long-standing practices and incorporate policies and procedures that strengthen its commitment to corporate governance best practices. A copy of the Corporate Governance Guidelines is available on the Corporation’s website at www.northerntrust.com.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

The Board of the Corporation has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics to:

The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics satisfies applicable SEC and NASDAQ requirements and applies to all directors, officers (including the Corporation’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) and employees of the Corporation and its subsidiaries. The Corporation intends to disclose any amendments to, or waivers from, the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for directors and executive officers by posting such information on its website. A copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on the Corporation’s website at www.northerntrust.com.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Director Nominations and Qualifications and Proxy Access

The Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for considering, evaluating, and recommending candidates for director. The Committee will consider persons nominated by stockholders in accordance with the nomination procedures specified in the Corporation’s By-laws and described further under “Stockholder Proposals for 2025 Annual Meeting” on page 78. Stockholders also may recommend candidates for director by following the procedures for communicating with directors described below under “Communications with the Board and Independent Directors.”

In its evaluation of director candidates, including persons recommended by stockholders, the Corporate Governance Committee considers the factors specified in the Corporation’s Corporate Governance Guidelines to ensure the Board has a diversity of perspectives and backgrounds, including the nature of the expertise and experience required for the performance of the duties of a director of a corporation engaged in the Corporation’s business and such matters as relevant business and industry experience, professional background, age, current employment, community service and other board service. The Committee also considers the racial, ethnicity, gender identity and other forms of diversity represented on the Board when assessing candidates. The Committee seeks to identify as candidates for director persons with a reputation for, and record of, integrity and good business judgment who: (i) have experience in positions with a high degree of responsibility and are leaders in the organizations with which they are affiliated; (ii) are free from conflicts of interest that could interfere with a director’s duties to the Corporation and its stockholders; and (iii) are willing and able to make the necessary commitment of time and attention required for effective Board service. The Committee also takes into account a candidate’s level of financial literacy, and monitors the mix of skills and experience of the directors in order to ensure the Board has the necessary collective expertise to perform its oversight function effectively. Following its evaluation process, the Committee recommends director nominees to the full Board, and the Board makes the final determination of director nominees based on its consideration of the Committee’s recommendation.

The Corporation is currently in the process of identifying additional candidates for appointment to the Board. During 2023, the Corporation engaged a third-party global executive recruiting firm to further facilitate this process and has been actively engaging with a number of individuals possessing the skills, expertise, and other personal characteristics identified as priorities for the Board. The Corporation expects that female directors will represent no less than 30% of directors by year-end 2024.

The Corporation’s By-laws also include a proxy access right, providing eligible stockholders the right to include, along with the candidates nominated by the Board, their own nominees for election to the Board in the Corporation’s proxy materials. This proxy access right permits any stockholder, or group of up to 20 stockholders, who has maintained continuous qualifying ownership of 3% or more of the Corporation’s outstanding common stock for at least the previous three years, and continues to own the required common stock through the date of the applicable annual meeting, to include in the Corporation’s proxy materials such stockholder’s own nominees for election to the Board constituting up to the greater of two individuals or 20% of the total number of directors, provided that such stockholder and its nominees satisfy the requirements specified in the Corporation’s By-laws.

Stockholder Engagement

The Corporation recognizes the importance of engaging with stockholders and other key constituents on a regular basis. Open and constructive dialogue with stakeholders helps further their understanding of our strategies and performance, and allows us to receive direct feedback on the issues that are important to them. We share this feedback with our management team and Board to deepen their understanding of stockholder and other stakeholder perspectives.

Accordingly, it is the Corporation’s long-standing practice to engage proactively and routinely with a wide range of stakeholders throughout the year, including stockholders, fixed income investors, credit rating agencies, ESG rating firms, proxy advisory firms, and prospective investors. This practice continued in 2023, with our CEO, CFO, other members of senior management, and members of the Board engaging with stockholders representing approximately 40% of our outstanding shares. Topics discussed included business strategy and performance, corporate governance, executive compensation and ESG. Outreach efforts were accomplished through roadshows, individual meetings and calls, and attendance at analyst and industry conferences. We value our stockholder engagement and intend to proactively seek and consider input on an ongoing basis.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Sustainability

Northern Trust incorporates fundamental sustainability considerations into how we operate as a corporation, as a financial steward for our clients, and as a participant in broader society. This represents a natural extension of our principles-based legacy of client-centricity, deep expertise, and commitment to integrity.

We are committed to transparent disclosure of our sustainability practices. Since 2010, we have published an annual sustainability report using the GRI standards to provide an update on our performance. In addition, for more than a decade, we have published a greenhouse gas emissions statement annually. In recent years, we added the SASB standards to our reporting, completed an analysis of our investment portfolio to ensure alignment with the recommendations of the TCFD, and named a Chief Sustainability Officer and a Chief Climate and Sustainability Risk Officer, further demonstrating our ongoing commitment to managing risks and opportunities in this space.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Sustainability Governance Structure

Our Head of Corporate Sustainability, Inclusion and Social Impact, who reports directly to our Chairman and CEO, is responsible for the design and implementation of our enterprise sustainability strategy and also chairs the Enterprise Sustainability Council, a group of senior employees that enables the implementation and execution of Northern Trust’s sustainability strategy as it relates to tracking progress on the topics most material to the organization’s long-term value.

Sustainability Achievements

Advancing Sustainability

In 2021, we announced our commitment to achieve net-zero carbon emissions for our business operations by 2050, which means we are focused on permanently reducing greenhouse gas emissions directly linked to our operations to as close to zero as possible and offsetting or neutralizing any unabated emissions. As we continue to evaluate and reduce our impact on the environment while on the journey to net-zero, we remained carbon neutral for business operations in 2023, through the purchase of carbon allowances. Other actions demonstrating our commitment to advancing sustainability include:

Bolstering Inclusion

DE&I is a business imperative that contributes to fostering an inclusive environment in which there are equitable opportunities for financial inclusion for clients, vendors/suppliers and our employees. Over the past year, we continued to enhance our policies, practices, and structures to ensure that we attract, develop, engage and retain the best talent. As we build on our strengths around inclusion and continue our commitment to advance DE&I, our efforts include:

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Championing Social Impact

Northern Trust has a long-standing history of supporting underserved communities through philanthropic and civic initiatives. In 2023, we distributed nearly $16 million in philanthropic support to community-based organizations around the world. While charitable giving is core to our value proposition, we are also champions of social impact investing. In 2023, we committed $212 million in community development investments to support affordable housing, education and social services, job creation and wealth creation. The Bank received an “outstanding” CRA rating from the Federal Reserve Board of Chicago in its most recent examination which evaluates banks on their commitment to make capital available for low- to moderate-income neighborhoods, families, and individuals. Our long track record of “outstanding” CRA ratings has allowed us to build and maintain strong private-public partnerships with communities and clients throughout the U.S. Combined with our philanthropic efforts, we continue to be deeply committed to inclusive social and economic development for all.

For more information regarding our sustainability activities—including our focus on DE&I; community engagement; environmental impact; and sustainable products and services—see “Helpful Resources—Sustainability” on page 85.

Human Capital Management

The success of our company relies heavily on the strength of the people we employ. Attracting, engaging, developing and retaining Northern Trust talent is critical. We invest in our employees holistically to continually build a diverse pipeline of future leaders and enable internal professional advancement. The overview below outlines Northern Trust’s human capital objectives—talent management and total rewards.

Talent Management

We pride ourselves in attracting strong talent and have identified the development of our talent as a strategic priority. Our focus on well-being, diversity, and a culture of trust, care and collaboration contribute to our employer brand.

Sourcing and Recruitment. We target our talent identification, sourcing methods, and recruitment strategies to specific locations using various channels such as job boards, colleges, professional networks, associations and online social networks. We base hiring decisions on a variety of factors including relevant experience and accomplishments, educational background, professional licensing, and strong evidence of integrity and ethical behavior.

Onboarding. Northern Trust is committed to helping all new hires succeed from day one. New employees begin their onboarding journey with a comprehensive learning roadmap that orients them to our history, brand, businesses, and culture. Orientation programs also augment the onboarding experience by providing global, regional, and/or local information along with networking activities to help connect new hires to each other and other colleagues.

Learning and Development. An integrated partnership between our enterprise-wide and functional learning and development teams ensures we deliver holistic training solutions. Through our online learning portal, Northern Trust University, all employees can access a portfolio of professional and functional training offerings most helpful to their role. We provide targeted development opportunities for employees transitioning into management and throughout their management and leadership career. Our training content is dynamic as we regularly evaluate its quality and utilization and we refresh and organize courses and resources to enable employees to develop skills most critical to servicing our clients and developing their careers. A continuing area of focus is helping expand digital, analytical and financial acumen and skills across the enterprise. Many of our programs are interactive, include peer networking, and offer direct access to expert facilitators. Training is offered through online libraries of self-study content and in both virtual and classroom instructor-led formats.

Talent Planning and Organizational Effectiveness. Northern Trust is committed to identifying and developing talent with the breadth, depth, and diversity of technical and leadership skills to execute business strategies today and in the future. Managers conduct talent assessments for employees annually and business and regional leadership teams hold regular talent review discussions focused on specific topics, such as workforce needs, retention risks, diversity, top talent, readiness for promotion, readiness-to-move, and succession plans. Senior level talent reviews are also conducted each year by our senior management and Board, led by our Chairman and CEO and Chief Human Resources Officer.

Executive Officer Development and Succession Planning. The Board is responsible for succession planning for the position of CEO. The Board, led by the Human Capital and Compensation Committee, annually conducts a formal management development and succession planning review with respect to the position of the CEO and other senior officers. This review focuses on CEO succession planning, as well as developing internal candidates for advancement within the Corporation. The Human Capital and Compensation Committee makes recommendations to the Board concerning management development and succession planning. These recommendations reflect the Board’s annual management

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

development and succession planning review, as well as Committee discussions with and without the CEO. The Corporate Governance Committee discusses succession planning in the event of the unexpected death, incapacity, or resignation of the CEO and recommends to the Board, after consultation with the Chair of the Human Capital and Compensation Committee, an appropriate successor under such circumstances.

Performance Management. Northern Trust’s annual performance management process includes goal setting, mid- year check-ins, multi-rater feedback, and year-end reviews. Strategic corporate priorities are set by our Chairman and CEO and are applied to each business, department, team and individual. Managers are encouraged to provide regular feedback and real-time coaching to drive performance outcomes and facilitate development.

Engagement and Recognition. Building an inclusive, connected and engaged employee culture is essential to retaining our talent. We collect employee perspectives and ideas through an annual Engagement Survey. Results are evaluated to identify strengths, progress, and opportunities to strengthen employee engagement, and are shared with employees and the Board. We also offer an online employee recognition platform that strengthens the unity that binds us as a company and connects employees in new and meaningful ways.

Total Rewards

Our compensation and benefit programs are designed to be market-competitive and enable us to attract and retain talent to deliver on our strategy.

Compensation Programs. Our compensation programs are intended to motivate our employees to deliver the highest-quality service to our clients and achieve the greatest collective business results, while appropriately managing risk. They are designed, implemented and communicated to promote behaviors that are consistent with Northern Trust’s desired culture, character and enduring values of service, expertise, and integrity. We also regularly review our compensation processes and programs and take appropriate measures to ensure we can attract and retain talent in relevant markets.

Northern Trust’s base salary programs provide a competitive level of fixed pay reflecting each employee’s position, experience, qualifications and tenure. Additionally, all employees are eligible for incentive compensation to reward performance that delivers strong team or individual results. Incentive compensation is linked to both financial and nonfinancial performance criteria, including risk considerations, as determined by our Board and senior management. Select senior leaders and individual contributors may receive a percentage of their incentive in Northern Trust stock to encourage retention of key talent and to align rewards with company performance.

Employee Benefits. While the exact composition of the employee benefit package varies by country, our benefit programs are designed to be locally competitive, to meet the needs of our employees and their families, and to reflect the cultural values of the organization. Typical benefit programs include retirement, health care, paid time off, income protection such as disability and life insurance, leaves of absence, and access to our Employee Assistance Program. Our expanded employee well-being programs and resources focus on how to manage stress, build resiliency, and be attuned to mental health issues; accessing flexible or voluntary benefits; and enhancements to various parental leave offerings.

Communications with the Board and Independent Directors

Stockholders and other interested persons may communicate with any of the Corporation’s directors, including the Lead Director or the independent directors as a group, by writing a letter addressed to the applicable director(s), c/o Northern Trust Corporation, 50 South La Salle Street, M-9, Chicago, Illinois 60603, Attention: Corporate Secretary. Any stockholder or other interested person who has a particular concern regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or other audit matters that he or she wishes to bring to the attention of the Audit Committee may communicate those concerns to the Audit Committee or its Chair using the address indicated above. The Corporation’s Corporate Secretary will review and forward communications to the appropriate member or members of the Board. The Corporate Secretary need not forward or retain any communications determined to be mass mailings, routine solicitations for business or contributions, or communications determined not to be relevant to the performance of the duties of the Board.

Securities Transactions Policy and Policy Against Hedging

Our Securities Transactions Policy prohibits directors, employees, including our named executive officers, and certain of their family members from purchasing or selling any type of security, whether issued by us or another company, while such persons are aware of material nonpublic information relating to the issuer of the security and from providing such material nonpublic information to any person who may trade while aware of such information. This policy also prohibits directors, employees, and certain of their family members from (i) engaging in short selling, margining, pledging or hypothecating the Corporation’s securities; (ii) trading in options, warrants, puts, calls, as well as derivatives such as swaps, forwards, futures or similar instruments on the Corporation’s securities; and (iii) engaging in any other transaction that hedges or offsets, or is designed to hedge or offset, any decrease in the market value of a Northern Trust equity security.

ITEM 2—ADVISORY VOTE ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Pursuant to Section 14A of the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder by the SEC, the Corporation is required to include in this Proxy Statement a separate resolution, subject to an advisory vote, to approve the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed in this Proxy Statement (commonly referred to as a “Say-on-Pay” advisory vote). In a nonbinding, advisory vote on the frequency of Say-on-Pay votes held at our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, stockholders voted in favor of conducting Say-on-Pay votes annually. In light of this result, and other factors considered by the Board, the Corporation will continue to hold Say-on-Pay votes on an annual basis. Accordingly, the Board is requesting that stockholders vote FOR approval of the following resolution:

“Resolved, that the compensation paid to the Corporation’s named executive officers, as disclosed in its Proxy Statement dated March 6, 2024, pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, compensation tables, and narrative discussion, is hereby APPROVED.”

As an advisory vote, this proposal is not binding on the Corporation. Although the vote is nonbinding, the Board and the Human Capital and Compensation Committee value the opinions of our stockholders and, consistent with past practice, will consider the outcome of the vote when determining compensation policies and making future compensation decisions for our named executive officers.

The Corporation’s executive compensation program and the framework used in evaluating and making 2023 compensation decisions for our named executive officers are described in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis that begins on page 32 of this Proxy Statement.

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Our Named Executive Officers

This Compensation Discussion and Analysis describes how we compensate our executives, including our 2023 named executive officers. The names of, and selected demographic information related to, each of our named executive officers are as follows:

(1) Mr. Gamba joined the Corporation effective April 3, 2023.

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Executive Summary

In determining compensation for our named executive officers, the Human Capital and Compensation Committee (and, in the case of the Chairman and CEO, the full Board), takes into account both the overall performance of the Corporation, as well as individual performance considerations.

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Corporate Performance Summary

2023 Financial Performance Highlights

Key highlights with respect to our financial performance:

We achieved these financial results while continuing to maintain strong capital ratios, with all ratios exceeding those required for classification as “well capitalized” under federal bank regulatory capital requirements.

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

2023 Business / Strategic Performance Highlights

Execution on our strategies was demonstrated through various strategic achievements, including:

2023 Risk Management Performance Highlights

Execution with respect to management of our financial and nonfinancial risks was reflected in:

Named Executive Officer Performance Considerations

In determining the incentive compensation for our named executive officers for 2023, the Human Capital and Compensation Committee evaluated, among other considerations, each named executive officer’s individual performance, consisting of:

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

2023 Compensation Outcomes

Based upon its review of our corporate performance, as described above, and the individual performance of each named executive officer, discussed in this Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the Human Capital and Compensation Committee approved the compensation amounts outlined in the table below. This table provides a comprehensive summary of each named executive officer’s total direct compensation for the 2023 and 2022 performance years. This perspective may be useful in reviewing key incentive compensation decisions, as this is how the Committee considers performance and pay, with incentive compensation generally reflective of prior year’s performance. It should be noted that the table below is not intended to be a substitute for the Summary Compensation Table on page 54, as certain amounts in the table below are different than the amounts in the Summary Compensation Table. The most significant difference is that this table reflects long-term incentive awards granted in February 2024 and February 2023 for the 2023 and 2022 performance years, respectively, while the Summary Compensation Table provides the value of the equity awards for the year in which they were granted.