UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

Form 6-K

 

 

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of May 2024

Commission File Number: 1-14942

 

 

MANULIFE FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Translation of registrant’s name into English)

 

 

200 Bloor Street East

North Tower 10

Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4W 1E5

(416) 926-3000

(Address of principal executive office)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F ☐   Form 40-F ☒

The registrant’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis and Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 included in the registrant’s 2024 First Quarter Report to Shareholders filed with this Form 6-K as Exhibit 99.1, are incorporated by reference in the registration statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by the registrant on Form S-8 (Registration Nos. 333-12610, 333-13072, 333-114951, 333-129430, 333-157326, 333-211366, 333-272672, 333-277446), on Form F-3 (Registration No. 333-159176) and on Form F-10 (Registration No. 333-274698). Except for the foregoing, no other document or portion of a document filed with this Form 6-K is incorporated by reference in the above registration statements.

 

 

 


DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THIS FORM 6-K

The following documents, filed as exhibits to this Form 6-K, are incorporated by reference as part of this Form 6-K:

 

Exhibit   

Description of Exhibit

99.1    First Quarter Report to Shareholders
99.2

 

99.3

  

Certification Chief Executive Officer

 

Certification Chief Financial Officer

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

MANULIFE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
By:  

/s/ Scott MacIntosh

Name:   Scott MacIntosh
Title:   Assistant Corporate Secretary
 

Date: May 8, 2024

Table of Contents

Exhibit 99.1

 

LOGO

First Quarter Report to Shareholders Three months ended March 31, 2024


Table of Contents

Manulife Financial Corporation (“Manulife” or the “Company”) reported its first quarter results for the period ended March 31, 2024, delivering strong core ROE and topline growth, and closing the largest long-term care (“LTC”) reinsurance transaction in the industry.

Key highlights for the first quarter of 2024 (“1Q24”) include:

 

   

Core earnings1 of $1.8 billion, up 16% on a constant exchange rate basis2 from the first quarter of 2023 (“1Q23”)

 

   

Net income attributed to shareholders of $0.9 billion, down $0.5 billion from 1Q23. Excluding the impact of the reinsurance transaction with Global Atlantic (the “GA Reinsurance Transaction”), which had a largely neutral impact on book value, 1Q24 net income attributed to shareholders was $1.6 billion1, up $0.2 billion from 1Q23

 

   

Core EPS3 of $0.94, up 20%2 from 1Q23. EPS of $0.45, down 38%2 from 1Q23. Excluding the impact of the GA Reinsurance Transaction, EPS was $0.873, up 21%2 from 1Q23

 

   

Core ROE3 of 16.7% and ROE of 8.0%. Excluding the impact of the GA Reinsurance Transaction, ROE was 15.5%3

 

   

LICAT ratio4 of 138%

 

   

APE sales 21% higher5, new business CSM up 52%2 and new business value (“NBV”) up 34%5 from 1Q236

 

   

Global Wealth and Asset Management (“Global WAM”) net inflows5 of $6.7 billion, up from $4.4 billion in 1Q23

 

 

“After a milestone year for Manulife, we continued to show strong momentum in 1Q24 by delivering superior results, including 20% core EPS growth, an increase of 11% in adjusted book value per common share3, and record level APE sales with double-digit growth across each of our insurance segments. We again demonstrated a disciplined focus on execution by closing the largest ever LTC reinsurance transaction in the first quarter and entering the largest ever universal life reinsurance agreement in Canada. I’m excited by our momentum in the first quarter and by the opportunities ahead of us to continue generating shareholder value.”

 

Roy Gori, Manulife President & Chief Executive Officer

 

“We had a strong start to 2024 with record levels of new business CSM and new business value, reflecting 52% and 34% growth, respectively. Global WAM saw strong net inflows of $6.7 billion, and our capital position remains robust with a LICAT ratio of 138%. Looking ahead, we remain committed to further improving ROE through disciplined capital allocation and continued business performance improvements.”

 

Colin Simpson, Manulife Chief Financial Officer

 

 

 

 

1  Core earnings and net income attributed to shareholders excluding the impact of the GA Reinsurance Transaction are non-GAAP financial measures. For more information on non-GAAP and other financial measures, see “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” in our 1Q24 Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“1Q24 MD&A”).

2  Percentage growth / declines in core earnings, diluted core earnings per common share (“core EPS”), diluted earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”), EPS excluding the impact of the GA Reinsurance Transaction, and new business contractual service margin net of NCI (“new business CSM”) are stated on a constant exchange rate basis and are non-GAAP ratios.

3  Core EPS, EPS excluding the impact of the GA Reinsurance transaction, core ROE, ROE excluding the impact of the GA Reinsurance Transaction and adjusted book value per common share (“adjusted BV per common share”) are non-GAAP ratios.

4  Life Insurance Capital Adequacy Test (“LICAT”) ratio of The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company (“MLI”) as at March 31, 2024. LICAT ratio is disclosed under the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada’s (“OSFI’s”) Life Insurance Capital Adequacy Test Public Disclosure Requirements guideline.

5  For more information on annualized premium equivalent (“APE”) sales, NBV and net flows, see “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” in our 1Q24 MD&A. Percentage growth/decline in APE sales, NBV and net flows are stated on a constant exchange rate basis.

6  Refer to “Result at a Glance” for 1Q24 and 1Q23 results.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   1


Table of Contents

Results at a Glance

 

     Quarterly Results
      
($ millions, unless otherwise stated)    1Q24      1Q23      Change1,2

 

Net income attributed to shareholders

   $ 866      $ 1,406      (38)%

Core earnings

   $ 1,754      $ 1,531      16%

EPS ($)

   $ 0.45      $ 0.73      (38)%

Core EPS ($)

   $ 0.94      $ 0.79      20%

ROE

     8.0%        13.6%      (5.6) pps

Core ROE

     16.7%        14.8%      1.9 pps

Book value per common share ($)

   $ 23.09      $ 22.01      5%

Adjusted BV per common share ($)

   $ 33.39      $ 30.04      11%

Financial leverage ratio (%)3

        24.3%           26.0%        (1.7) pps

APE sales

   $ 1,883      $ 1,600      21%

New business CSM

   $ 658      $ 442      52%

NBV

   $ 669      $ 509      34%

Global WAM net flows ($ billions)

   $ 6.7      $ 4.4      55%

 

Results by Segment         
     Quarterly Results
      
($ millions, unless otherwise stated)    1Q24      1Q23      Change2

 

Asia (US$)

        

Net income attributed to shareholders

   $ 270      $ 384      (29)%

Core earnings

     488        361      39%

APE sales

     950        868      13%

New business CSM

     364        222      68%

NBV

     343        275      28%

 

Canada

        

Net income attributed to shareholders

   $ 273      $ 309      (12)%

Core earnings

     364        353      3%

APE sales

     450        293      54%

New business CSM

     70        46      52%

NBV

     157        92      71%

 

U.S. (US$)

        

Net income attributed to shareholders

   $ (80)      $ 138      nm

Core earnings

     335        285      18%

APE sales

     113        99      14%

New business CSM

     72        70      3%

NBV

     37        34      9%

 

Global WAM

        

Net income attributed to shareholders

   $ 365      $ 297      24%

Core earnings

     357        287      25%

Gross flows ($ billions)2

     45.4        38.8      19%

Average AUMA ($ billions)2

     880        804      9%

Core EBITDA margin (%)3

     25.5%        22.4%      310 bps

 

 

 

 

1  Percentage growth / decline in net income attributed to shareholders is stated on a constant exchange rate basis and is a non-GAAP ratio.

2  For more information on gross flows and average asset under management and administration (“average AUMA”), see “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” in our 1Q24 MD&A. Percentage growth/decline in gross flows and average AUMA are stated on a constant exchange rate basis.

3  Financial leverage ratio and core EBITDA margin are non-GAAP ratios.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   2


Table of Contents

Strategic Highlights

We are delivering against our strategy to optimize our portfolio

In the first quarter, we closed a milestone reinsurance transaction with Global Atlantic on four in-force blocks of legacy/low ROE business, including the largest LTC reinsurance deal in history. We have commenced a share buyback program to return capital released from this transaction to our shareholders.

In Canada, we entered into the largest universal life reinsurance agreement of its kind. The transaction, which closed on April 2, 2024, transferred $5.6 billion of insurance contract net liabilities to RGA Canada1. The expected capital release of $0.8 billion represents an attractive 16.2 times earnings multiple and will be returned to shareholders through an ordinary share repurchase program. 2

In Asia, we continued to roll out our top-tier recognition and activation program, Manulife Pro, across the region with the recent expansion to Indonesia and Japan. The program provides selected agents with differentiated resources and tools, including dedicated underwriting support and enhanced customer engagement services with access to customer leads.

In Global WAM, we announced the closing of a $1.0 billion institutional fund - Manulife Capital Partners VII. The fund will invest in U.S. middle market companies across multiple industries, focusing on growth and high-yield opportunities.

In addition, we partnered with the Indonesia Investment Authority sovereign wealth fund to raise and manage funds for investment. The partnership involves co-investments between the sovereign wealth fund, Manulife, and third-party investors in Indonesian infrastructure, real estate, and the natural capital sectors, which include timberland and agriculture assets.

We are enhancing our digital leadership, delivering better customer experience and superior distribution capabilities

In Asia, we completed the roll-out of M-Pro, a first-in-market digital pre-issuance verification tool, to all distribution channels in Vietnam. M-Pro has further improved customer experience and we have received outstanding feedback on the ease of navigating policy issuance details, ability to review crucial policy information and transparency of the consultation process.

In the U.S., we accelerated our distribution team’s ability to act on sales opportunities and improved their efficiency in assisting agents by implementing JHINI – our new, AI-powered, sales enablement tool.

In addition, we streamlined our underwriting process and improved our John Hancock customers’ experience by expanding our usage of electronic health records and leveraging other types of underwriting evidence, which have allowed us to eliminate certain medical test requirements for all ages and face amounts.

In Global WAM, we completed the implementation of a new advisor retail wealth platform in Canada as part of our digital transformation strategy, representing more than $54 billion in AUMA, by leveraging an industry leading technology platform. The platform delivers an enhanced advisor and client experience and enables advisors to streamline their processes.

We are helping our customers live longer, healthier, and better lives

In Canada, we entered into a multi-year loyalty rewards partnership agreement with Aeroplan. Beginning in early summer 2024, eligible Manulife group benefits members will be able to earn rewards points using our group benefits digital platforms by engaging in behaviours and activities that encourage health and well-being.

In the U.S., we drove a 43% improvement compared with 1Q23 in the number of visits to the Vitality page of JohnHancock.com supported by the launch of Your Year in Wellness – our first social-sharing campaign to raise awareness about the value of John Hancock Vitality.

 

 

 

1  RGA Life Reinsurance Company of Canada. Insurance contract net liabilities as of March 31, 2024.

2  See “Caution regarding forward-looking statements” below. Expected capital release and earnings multiple estimates were as of December 31, 2023.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   3


Table of Contents

Delivered strong core earnings growth, while net income reflected the impact of the GA Reinsurance Transaction with largely neutral impact to book value1

Core earnings of $1.8 billion in 1Q24, up 16% from 1Q23

The 16% year-over-year increase in core earnings reflects strong business growth across our insurance businesses and higher fee income in Global WAM benefitting from favourable market impacts and positive net flows. Core earnings increased 39% in Asia and 25% in Global WAM compared with 1Q23. The provision for expected credit loss was a modest net release in 1Q24 compared with a net charge in 1Q23, reflecting a benign credit experience this quarter. Updates to actuarial methods and assumptions in the second half of 2023 also contributed to core earnings growth. These were partially offset by modestly more adverse insurance experience, and higher workforce-related costs primarily reflecting strong TSR2 performance. The net impact of the GA Reinsurance Transaction on core earnings was a $18 million charge in 1Q24.

Net Income attributed to shareholders of $0.9 billion in 1Q24, $0.5 billion lower compared with 1Q23

The $0.5 billion decrease in net income reflects the $0.8 billion impact from the GA Reinsurance Transaction, partially offset by core earnings growth. Most of the GA Reinsurance Transaction impact is from the sale of debt instruments related to the transaction, which, is broadly offset by an associated change in Other Comprehensive Income resulting in a neutral impact to book value. This, along with lower-than-expected returns on alternative long-duration assets and higher-than-expected returns on public equity, resulted in a $0.8 billion market experience loss in 1Q24. The overall book value per common share increased 5% compared with 1Q23.

Record levels of new insurance business results and strong net inflows in Global WAM

Continued momentum in our 1Q24 new business results with year-over-year growth across all insurance segments, resulting in increases of 21%, 52% and 34% in APE sales, new business CSM and NBV, respectively

 

   

In Asia, APE sales increased 13% from 1Q23, driven by growth in Asia Other and Japan, partially offset by lower sales in Hong Kong. Business mix and the impact of updates to actuarial methods and assumptions in the prior year further contributed to a 68% growth in new business CSM. NBV also increased 28% compared with 1Q23. The improvement in NBV margin was driven by our pricing discipline and changes in business mix.

 

   

Canada generated 54% growth in APE sales, driven by higher sales volumes in all business units, led by large-case Group Insurance sales. Combined with margin expansion in our insurance businesses, NBV and new business CSM increased 71% and 52%, respectively.

 

   

In the U.S., APE sales increased 14%, reflecting an increase in demand from affluent customers for accumulation insurance products. Combined with product mix, this led to a 3% and 9% increase in new business CSM and NBV, respectively.

Global WAM net inflows of $6.7 billion in 1Q24, increased $2.3 billion compared with $4.4 billion in 1Q23

 

   

Retirement net inflows of $3.2 billion in 1Q24 increased from $1.2 billion in 1Q23, reflecting higher new retirement plan sales across our three geographies.

 

   

Retail net inflows of $1.7 billion in 1Q24 increased from $0.8 billion in 1Q23, driven by increased demand for investment products amid equity market recovery and improved investor sentiment.

 

   

Institutional Asset Management net inflows of $1.8 billion in 1Q24 decreased compared with $2.5 billion in 1Q23 as higher fixed income mandates sales and lower money market redemptions were more than offset by higher redemptions in fixed income and equity mandates.

 

 

 

1  See section A1 “Profitability” in our 1Q24 MD&A for more information on notable items attributable to core earnings and net income attributed to shareholders.

2  Total shareholder return (“TSR”).

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   4


Table of Contents

Increase in CSM balance driven by organic CSM growth and favourable impact of markets

CSM net of NCI1 was $21,089 million as at March 31, 2024

CSM net of NCI increased $649 million compared with December 31, 2023. Organic CSM movement was an increase of $314 million in 1Q24, primarily driven by the impact of new business and interest accretion, partially offset by amortization recognized in core earnings. Insurance experience improved both quarter-over-quarter and year-over-year. Inorganic CSM movement was an increase of $335 million for the same period, primarily driven by the favourable impacts of equity market performance and changes in foreign currency exchange rates, partially offset by the impact of the GA Reinsurance Transaction. Post-tax CSM net of NCI2 was $18,547 million as at March 31, 2024.

 

 

 

1  Non-controlling interests (“NCI”).

2  Post-tax contractual service margin net of NCI (“post-tax CSM net of NCI”) is a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information on non-GAAP and other financial measures, see “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” in our 1Q24 MD&A.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   5


Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is current as of May 8, 2024, unless otherwise noted. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with our unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and the MD&A and audited Consolidated Financial Statements contained in our 2023 Annual Report.

For further information relating to our risk management practices and risk factors affecting the Company, see “Risk Management and Risk Factors” and “Critical Actuarial and Accounting Policies” in the MD&A in our 2023 Annual Report (“2023 MD&A”) and the “Risk Management” note to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our most recent annual and interim reports.

In this MD&A, the terms “Company”, “Manulife”, “we” and “our” mean Manulife Financial Corporation (“MFC”) and its subsidiaries. All amounts are reported in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise indicated. Any information contained in, or otherwise accessible through, websites mentioned in this MD&A does not form a part of this document.

CONTENTS

 

 

C.    RISK MANAGEMENT AND RISK FACTORS UPDATE
1.    Variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees
2.    Caution related to sensitivities
3.    Publicly traded equity performance risk sensitivities and exposure measures
4.    Interest rate and spread risk sensitivities and exposure measures
5.    Alternative long-duration asset performance risk sensitivities and exposure measures
6.    Risk management and risk factors update
D.    CRITICAL ACTUARIAL AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1.    Critical actuarial and accounting policies
2.    Sensitivity to changes in assumptions
3.    Accounting and reporting changes
E.    OTHER
1.    Outstanding common shares – selected information
2.    Legal and regulatory proceedings
3.    Non-GAAP and other financial measures
4.    Caution regarding forward-looking statements
5.    Quarterly financial information
6.    Revenue
7.    Other
 

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   6


Table of Contents
A

TOTAL COMPANY PERFORMANCE

 

A1

Profitability

 

     Quarterly Results  
    

 

 
($ millions, unless otherwise stated)    1Q24      4Q23      1Q23  

 

 

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders

   $ 866      $ 1,659      $ 1,406  

Core earnings(1)

   $ 1,754      $ 1,773      $ 1,531  

Diluted earnings (loss) per common share ($)

   $ 0.45      $ 0.86      $ 0.73  

Diluted core earnings per common share (“Core EPS”) ($)(2)

   $ 0.94      $ 0.92      $ 0.79  

ROE

     8.0%        15.3%        13.6%  

Core return on shareholders’ equity (“Core ROE”)(2)

     16.7%        16.4%        14.8%  

Expense efficiency ratio(2)

     45.1%        45.5%        47.1%  

General expenses

   $ 1,102      $ 1,180      $ 1,086  

Core expenses(1)

   $   1,673      $   1,725      $   1,605  

 

 

(1)  This item is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for more information.

(2)  This item is a non-GAAP ratio. See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for more information.

   

   

Manulife’s net income attributed to shareholders was $866 million in the first quarter of 2024 (“1Q24”) compared with $1,406 million in the first quarter of 2023 (“1Q23”). Net income attributed to shareholders is comprised of core earnings (consisting of items we believe reflect the underlying earnings capacity of the business), which amounted to $1,754 million in 1Q24 compared with $1,531 million in 1Q23, and items excluded from core earnings, which amounted to a net charge of $888 million in 1Q24 compared with a net charge of $125 million in 1Q23. The effective tax rate on net income (loss) attributed to shareholders was 22% in 1Q24 compared with 17% in 1Q23.

Net income attributed to shareholders in 1Q24 decreased $540 million compared with 1Q23, reflecting a net loss of $767 million from the reinsurance transaction with Global Atlantic (“GA Reinsurance Transaction”), primarily related to market experience from the sale of fair value through OCI (“FVOCI”) debt instruments (there is an offsetting change in Other Comprehensive Income attributed to shareholders resulting in a neutral impact to book value), partially offset by core earnings growth. The net charge from 1Q24 market experience was also driven by lower-than-expected returns on alternative long duration assets (“ALDA”) largely related to real estate, partially offset by higher-than-expected returns on public equity.

Core earnings increased $223 million or 16% on a constant exchange rate basis1 compared with 1Q23. The increase in core earnings compared with 1Q23 was driven by strong business growth across all insurance businesses, the impact of updates to actuarial methods and assumptions in the second half of 2023 and higher fee income in Global Wealth and Asset Management (“Global WAM”) from higher average assets under management and administration2 (“average AUMA”) and positive net flows2. The provision for expected credit loss (“ECL”) was a modest net release in 1Q24 compared with a net charge in 1Q23, reflecting a benign credit experience. This was partially offset by modestly more adverse insurance experience, and higher workforce-related costs primarily reflecting strong TSR3 performance relative to peers and business performance. The net impact of the GA Reinsurance Transaction on core earnings was an $18 million charge in 1Q24 reflecting foregone earnings, primarily expected earnings on insurance contracts and expected investment earnings, partially offset by a release of ECL provisions on assets sold and higher expected investment earnings due to the timing of asset realignment.

 

 

 

1  Percentage growth / declines in core earnings, pre-tax core earnings, total expenses, core expenses, general expenses, contractual service margin (“CSM”) net of non-controlling interests (“NCI”), new business contractual service margin (“new business CSM”), assets under management and administration (“AUMA”), assets under management (“AUM”), core earnings before income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“core EBITDA”), and Manulife Bank average net lending assets are stated on a constant exchange rate basis, a non-GAAP ratio. See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for more information.

2  For more information on this metric, see “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below.

3  Total Shareholder Return.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   7


Table of Contents

Core earnings by segment is presented in the table below.

 

Core earnings by segment    Quarterly Results  
        
($ millions, unaudited)    1Q24      4Q23      1Q23  

 

 

Asia

   $ 657      $ 564      $ 489  

Canada

     364        352        353  

U.S.

     452        474        385  

Global Wealth and Asset Management

     357        353        287  

Corporate and Other

     (76)        30        17  

Total core earnings

   $   1,754      $   1,773      $   1,531  

 

 

The table below presents net income attributed to shareholders consisting of core earnings and items excluded from core earnings.

 

     Quarterly Results  
        
($ millions, unaudited)    1Q24      4Q23      1Q23  

 

 

Core earnings

   $   1,754      $ 1,773      $ 1,531  

Items excluded from core earnings:

        

Market experience gains (losses)(1)

     (779)        (133)        (65)  

Realized gains (losses) on debt instruments

     (670)        (51)        (31)  

Derivatives and hedge accounting ineffectiveness

     (42)        34        93  

Actual less expected long-term returns on public equity

     216        182        108  

Actual less expected long-term returns on ALDA

     (255)        (381)        (364)  

Other investment results

     (28)        83        129  

Changes in actuarial methods and assumptions that flow directly through income

            119         

Restructuring charge

            (36)         

Reinsurance transactions, tax-related items and other(2)

     (109)        (64)        (60)  

Total items excluded from core earnings

     (888)        (114)        (125)  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders

   $ 866      $   1,659      $   1,406  
(1) 

Market experience was a net charge of $779 million in 1Q24, primarily driven by net realized losses from debt instruments of which $568 million was related to the transfer of assets with respect to the GA Reinsurance Transaction, which are classified as fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”), lower-than-expected returns on ALDA mainly related to real estate, a charge from derivatives and hedge accounting ineffectiveness and a charge from unfavourable foreign exchange impacts. These were partially offset by a gain from higher-than-expected returns on public equity. Market experience was a net charge of $65 million in 1Q23 primarily driven by lower-than-expected returns on ALDA related to real estate and private equity, and net realized losses from the sale of debt instruments which are classified as FVOCI. These were partially offset by higher-than-expected returns on public equity, favourable foreign exchange impacts and a modest net gain from derivatives and hedge accounting ineffectiveness.

(2) 

The 1Q24 net charge of $109 million mainly included a charge of $70 million resulting from the GA Reinsurance Transaction in the U.S and Japan, and a charge of $48 million related to U.S. withholding taxes on anticipated remittances associated with the reinsurance transaction discussed above. The 1Q23 net charge of $60 million mainly included a charge of $33 million related to legal settlements in U.S. and a charge of $28 million related to a jurisdictional adjustment to a deferred tax asset in Corporate and Other.

Net income attributed to shareholders by segment is presented in the following table.

 

Net income attributed to shareholders by segment    Quarterly Results  
    

 

 
($ millions, unaudited)    1Q24      4Q23      1Q23  

 

 

Asia

   $ 363      $ 615      $ 519  

Canada

     273        365        309  

U.S.

     (108)        198        186  

Global Wealth and Asset Management

     365        365        297  

Corporate and Other

     (27)        116        95  

 

 

Total net income attributed to shareholders

   $    866      $   1,659      $   1,406  

 

 

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   8


Table of Contents

Expense efficiency ratio

The expense efficiency ratio is a financial measure which we use to measure progress on our strategic priority of expense efficiency and reflects expenses that flow directly through core earnings (“core expenses”). Core expenses include core general expenses, directly attributable maintenance expenses and directly attributable acquisition expenses for products measured using the premium allocation approach (“PAA”). Core expenses exclude certain expenses directly attributable to acquiring new business that are capitalized into the CSM instead of flowing directly through core earnings.

The expense efficiency ratio was 45.1% in 1Q24, compared with 47.1% in 1Q23. The 2.0 percentage point improvement in the ratio compared with 1Q23 reflects a 15% increase in pre-tax core earnings1, and a 5% increase in core expenses. The increase in core expenses was driven by higher workforce-related costs, including long-term incentive compensation, reflecting strong TSR performance relative to peers, and performance related costs reflecting strong business performance.

Total 1Q24 general expenses increased 2% both on an actual exchange rate basis and on a constant exchange rate basis compared with 1Q23, driven by the items noted above related to the increase in core expenses and items outside of core earnings. General expenses excluded from core earnings were not material in 1Q24, and in 1Q23, consisted primarily of a true-up of an existing legal provision in 1Q23.

 

A2

Business performance

 

     Quarterly Results  
    

 

 
($ millions, unless otherwise stated) (unaudited)    1Q24      4Q23      1Q23  

 

 

Asia APE sales

   $ 1,281      $ 995      $ 1,173  

Canada APE sales

     450        363        293  

U.S. APE sales

     152        192        134  

Total APE sales(1)

     1,883        1,550        1,600  

Asia new business value

     463        417        372  

Canada new business value

     157        139        92  

U.S. new business value

     49        74        45  

Total new business value(1)

     669        630        509  

Asia new business CSM(2)

     491        414        301  

Canada new business CSM

     70        70        46  

U.S. new business CSM

     97        142        95  

Total new business CSM(2)

     658        626        442  

Asia CSM net of NCI

     13,208        12,617        9,678  

Canada CSM

     4,205        4,060        3,659  

U.S. CSM

     3,649        3,738        4,080  

Corporate and Other CSM

     27        25        50  

Total CSM net of NCI

     21,089        20,440        17,467  

Post-tax CSM net of NCI(3)

     18,547        17,748        14,850  

Global WAM gross flows ($ billions)(1)

     45.4        35.1        38.8  

Global WAM net flows ($ billions)(1)

     6.7        (1.3)        4.4  

Global WAM assets under management and administration ($ billions)(3)

     911.4        849.2        814.5  

Global WAM total invested assets ($ billions)

     8.1        7.1        5.6  

Global WAM segregated funds net assets ($ billions)

     266.2        248.1        235.6  

Total assets under management and administration ($ billions)(3),(4)

     1,450.0        1,388.8        1,349.9  

Total invested assets ($ billions)(4)

     410.7        417.2        412.5  

Segregated funds net assets ($ billions)(4)

     402.1        377.5        364.0  

 

 

(1)  For more information on this metric, see “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below.

(2)  New business CSM is net of NCI.

(3)  This item is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for more information.

(4)  See section A4 below for more information.

 

 

 

1 

This is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for more information.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   9


Table of Contents

Annualized premium equivalent (APE) sales were $1.9 billion in 1Q24, an increase of 21%1 compared with 1Q23, new business value (NBV) was $669 million in 1Q24, an increase of 34%1 compared with 1Q23 and new business CSM was $658 million, an increase of 52% compared with 1Q23. New business results by segment were as follows:

 

   

In Asia, APE sales increased 13% compared with 1Q23, driven by growth in Asia Other2 and Japan, partially offset by lower sales in Hong Kong. Business mix and the impact of updates to actuarial methods and assumptions in the second half of 2023 further contributed to a 68% increase in new business CSM compared with 1Q23. NBV also increased 28% compared with 1Q23.

 

   

Canada generated 54% growth in APE sales compared with 1Q23, driven by higher sales volumes in all business units, led by large-case Group Insurance sales. Combined with margin expansion in our insurance businesses, NBV and new business CSM increased 71% and 52%, respectively compared with 1Q23.

 

   

In the U.S., APE sales increased 14% compared with 1Q23, reflecting an increase in demand from affluent customers for accumulation insurance products. Combined with product mix, this led to a 3% and 9% increase in new business CSM and NBV, respectively, compared with 1Q23.

The contractual service margin (“CSM”) net of NCI was $21,089 million as at March 31, 2024, an increase of $649 million compared with December 31, 2023. Organic CSM movement was an increase of $314 million in 1Q24, primarily driven by the impact of new business and interest accretion, partially offset by amortization recognized in core earnings. Insurance experience improved compared with both the fourth quarter of 2023 and 1Q23. Inorganic CSM movement was an increase of $335 million in 1Q24, primarily driven by the favourable impacts of equity market performance and changes in foreign currency exchange rates, partially offset by the impact of the GA Reinsurance Transaction.

Global WAM reported net inflows were $6.7 billion in 1Q24 compared with net inflows of $4.4 billion in 1Q23:

 

   

Retirement net inflows of $3.2 billion in 1Q24 increased from net inflows of $1.2 billion in 1Q23, reflecting higher new retirement plan sales across our three geographies.

 

   

Retail net inflows of $1.7 billion in 1Q24 increased from net inflows of $0.8 billion in 1Q23, driven by increased demand for investment products amid equity market recovery and improved investor sentiment.

 

   

Institutional Asset Management net inflows of $1.8 billion in 1Q24 decreased compared with net inflows of $2.5 billion in 1Q23, as higher fixed income mandates sales and lower money market redemptions were more than offset by higher redemptions in fixed income and equity mandates.

 

A3

Financial strength

 

     Quarterly Results  
    

 

 
(unaudited)    1Q24      4Q23      1Q23  

 

 

MLI’s LICAT ratio(1)

     138%        137%        138%  

Financial leverage ratio(2)

     24.3%        24.3%        26.0%  

Consolidated capital ($ billions)(3)

   $ 76.4      $ 73.9      $ 71.6  

Book value per common share ($)

   $ 23.09      $ 22.36      $ 22.01  

Adjusted book value per common share ($)(2)

   $ 33.39      $ 32.19      $ 30.04  

 

 

(1)  This item is disclosed under OSFI’s Life Insurance Capital Adequacy Test Public Disclosure Requirements guideline.

(2)  This item is a non-GAAP ratio. See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for more information.

(3)  This item is a capital management measure. For more information on this metric, see “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below.

The Life Insurance Capital Adequacy Test (LICAT) ratio for The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company (“MLI”) as at March 31, 2024 was 138% compared with 137% as at December 31, 2023. The 1 percentage point increase was driven by a capital issuance, partially offset by market movements and common share buybacks.

 

 

 

1  Percentage growth / declines in APE sales and NBV are stated on a constant exchange rate basis.

2  Asia Other excludes Hong Kong and Japan.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   10


Table of Contents

MFC’s LICAT ratio was 126% as at March 31, 2024 compared with 124% as at December 31, 2023, with the increase driven by similar factors that impacted the movement in MLI’s LICAT ratio. The difference between the MLI and MFC ratios as at March 31, 2024 was largely due to the $6.2 billion of MFC senior debt outstanding that does not qualify as available capital at the MFC level but, based on the form it was down-streamed, qualifies as regulatory capital for MLI.

MFCs financial leverage ratio as at March 31, 2024 was 24.3%, in line with the ratio as at December 31, 2023. The impact of the net issuance of capital instruments1 was offset by an increase in total equity and higher post-tax CSM.2 The increase in total equity was mainly from 1Q24 total comprehensive income, partially offset by dividends.

MFCs consolidated capital was $76.4 billion as at March 31, 2024, an increase of $2.5 billion compared with $73.9 billion as at December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in total equity, higher post-tax CSM, and net issuance of capital instruments.1 The increase in total equity was from 1Q24 total comprehensive income, partially offset by dividends and common share buybacks.

Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities3 was $242.1 billion as at March 31, 2024 compared with $250.7 billion as at December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by the lower market value of debt instruments due to higher interest rates.

Book value per common share as at March 31, 2024 was $23.09, a 3% increase compared with $22.36 as at December 31, 2023. The number of common shares outstanding was 1,801 million as at March 31, 2024, a net decrease of 5 million shares from 1,806 million as at December 31, 2023, primarily driven by common share buybacks.

Adjusted book value per common share as at March 31, 2024 was $33.39, a 4% increase compared with $32.19 as at December 31, 2023 driven by an increase in the adjusted book value4 and a lower number of common shares outstanding. Adjusted book value increased $2.0 billion due to growth in total common shareholders’ equity and an increase in post-tax CSM, net of NCI. The increase in common shareholders’ equity reflects the impact of growth in total comprehensive income, partially offset by dividends and common share buybacks.

 

A4

Assets under management and administration (“AUMA”)

AUMA as at March 31, 2024 was $1.4 trillion, an increase of 3% compared with December 31, 2023, primarily due to the favourable impact of interest rates and equity markets and net inflows. Total invested assets decreased 2% on an actual exchange rate basis, primarily due to the transfer of invested assets related to the GA Reinsurance Transaction. Segregated funds net assets increased 7% on an actual exchange rate basis, primarily due to the impact of equity markets.

 

A5

Impact of foreign currency exchange rates

Changes in foreign currency exchange rates from 1Q23 to 1Q24 reduced core earnings by $27 million in 1Q24, primarily due to a stronger Canadian dollar relative to the Japanese Yen. The impact of foreign currency exchange rates on items excluded from core earnings does not provide relevant information given the nature of those items.

 

 

 

1  The net issuance of subordinated debt consists of the issuance of $1.1 billion of subordinated debt and the redemption of $0.6 billion of JHUSA Surplus Notes in the first quarter of 2024.

2  This item is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for more information.

3  Includes cash & cash equivalents, comprised of cash on deposit, Canadian and U.S. Treasury Bills and high quality short-term investments, and marketable assets, comprised of investment grade government and agency bonds, investment grade corporate bonds, investment grade securitized instruments, publicly traded common stocks and preferred shares.

4  This item is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for more information.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   11


Table of Contents
A6

Business highlights

We are delivering against our strategy to optimize our portfolio

In the first quarter, we closed a milestone reinsurance transaction with Global Atlantic on four in-force blocks of legacy/low ROE business, including the largest LTC reinsurance deal in history. We have commenced a share buyback program to return capital released from this transaction to our shareholders.

In Canada, we entered into the largest universal life reinsurance agreement of its kind. The transaction, which closed on April 2, 2024, transferred $5.6 billion of insurance contract net liabilities to RGA Canada1. The expected capital release of $0.8 billion represents an attractive 16.2 times earnings multiple and will be returned to shareholders through an ordinary share repurchase program.2

In Asia, we continued to roll out our top-tier recognition and activation program, Manulife Pro, across the region with the recent expansion to Indonesia and Japan. The program provides selected agents with differentiated resources and tools, including dedicated underwriting support and enhanced customer engagement services with access to customer leads.

In Global WAM, we announced the closing of a $1.0 billion institutional fund - Manulife Capital Partners VII. The fund will invest in U.S. middle market companies across multiple industries, focusing on growth and high-yield opportunities.

In addition, we partnered with the Indonesia Investment Authority sovereign wealth fund to raise and manage funds for investment. The partnership involves co-investments between the sovereign wealth fund, Manulife, and third-party investors in Indonesian infrastructure, real estate, and the natural capital sectors, which include timberland and agriculture assets.

We are enhancing our digital leadership, delivering better customer experience and superior distribution capabilities

In Asia, we completed the roll-out of M-Pro, a first-in-market digital pre-issuance verification tool, to all distribution channels in Vietnam. M-Pro has further improved customer experience and we have received outstanding feedback on the ease of navigating policy issuance details, ability to review crucial policy information and transparency of the consultation process.

In the U.S., we accelerated our distribution team’s ability to act on sales opportunities and improved their efficiency in assisting agents by implementing JHINI – our new, AI-powered, sales enablement tool.

In addition, we streamlined our underwriting process and improved our John Hancock customers’ experience by expanding our usage of electronic health records and leveraging other types of underwriting evidence, which have allowed us to eliminate certain medical test requirements for all ages and face amounts.

In Global WAM, we completed the implementation of a new advisor retail wealth platform in Canada as part of our digital transformation strategy representing more than $54 billion in AUMA by leveraging an industry leading technology platform. The platform delivers an enhanced advisor and client experience and enables advisors to streamline their processes.

We are helping our customers live longer, healthier, and better lives

In Canada, we entered into a multi-year loyalty rewards partnership agreement with Aeroplan. Beginning in early summer 2024, eligible Manulife group benefits members will be able to earn rewards points using our group benefits digital platforms by engaging in behaviours and activities that encourage health and well-being.

In the U.S., we drove a 43% improvement compared with 1Q23 in the number of visits to the Vitality page of JohnHancock.com supported by the launch of Your Year in Wellness – our first social-sharing campaign to raise awareness about the value of John Hancock Vitality.

 

 

 

1  RGA Life Reinsurance Company of Canada. Insurance contract net liabilities as of March 31, 2024.

2  See “Caution regarding forward-looking statements” below. Expected capital release and earnings multiple estimates were as of December 31, 2023.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   12


Table of Contents
A7

Embedded value

Embedded value was $61.0 billion or $33.78 per common share, as of December 31, 2023, compared with $59.4 billion or $31.87 per common share as of January 1, 2023.1 More information about embedded value can be found in our 2023 Embedded Value report, which is available on our website.

 

A8

Normal course issuer bid update

On February 20, 2024, we received approval from the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) to launch a normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”) that permits the purchase for cancellation of up to 50 million common shares, representing approximately 2.8% of issued and outstanding common shares. Purchases under the NCIB commenced on February 23, 2024 and may continue until February 22, 2025, when the NCIB expires, or such earlier date as we complete our purchases. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we purchased for cancellation 6.2 million shares for $203 million.

On May 7, 2024, we announced that the TSX approved an amendment to the existing NCIB to increase the number of common shares that we may repurchase for cancellation from up to 50 million common shares (approximately 2.8% of shares outstanding) to up to 90 million common shares (approximately 5% of shares outstanding as at February 12, 2024).

 

B

PERFORMANCE BY SEGMENT

 

B1

Asia

 

($ millions, unless otherwise stated)   Quarterly Results  
Canadian dollars        1Q24          4Q23          1Q23  

Profitability:

           

Net income attributed to shareholders

  $     363     $     615     $     519  

Core earnings(1)

      657         564         489  

Business performance:

           

Annualized premium equivalent sales

      1,281         995         1,173  

New business value

      463         417         372  

New business contractual service margin

      491         414         301  

Contractual service margin

      13,208         12,617         9,678  

Assets under management ($ billions)(2)

      170.9         169.3         162.2  

Total invested assets ($ billions)

      144.7         144.4         138.0  

Segregated funds net assets ($ billions)

        26.2           24.9           24.2  

U.S. dollars

           

Profitability:

           

Net income attributed to shareholders

  US$     270     US$     452     US$     384  

Core earnings(1)

      488         414         361  

Business performance:

           

Annualized premium equivalent sales

      950         731         868  

New business value

      343         306         275  

New business contractual service margin

      364         303         222  

Contractual service margin

      9,748         9,570         7,156  

Assets under management ($ billions)(2)

      126.2         128.4         119.9  

Total invested assets ($ billions)

      106.9         109.5         102.0  

Segregated funds net assets ($ billions)

        19.3           18.9           17.9  

(1)  See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for a reconciliation of quarterly core earnings to net income (loss) attributed to shareholders.

(2)  This item is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for more information.

 

 

 

1 

January 1, 2023 and December 31, 2023 embedded value results reflect updates to the calculation methodology. See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for more information.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   13


Table of Contents

Asias net income attributed to shareholders was $363 million in 1Q24 compared with $519 million in 1Q23. Net income attributed to shareholders is comprised of core earnings, which were $657 million in 1Q24 compared with $489 million in 1Q23, and items excluded from core earnings, which amounted to a net charge of $294 million in 1Q24 compared with a net gain of $30 million in 1Q23. See section E3 “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below, for a reconciliation of quarterly core earnings to net income (loss) attributed to shareholders and section A1 “Profitability” above, for explanations of the items excluded from core earnings. The changes in core earnings expressed in Canadian dollars were due to the factors described below and additionally, reflected a net $24 million unfavourable impact due to changes in various foreign currency exchange rates versus the Canadian dollar.

Expressed in U.S. dollars, the presentation currency of the segment, net income attributed to shareholders was US$270 million in 1Q24 compared with US$384 million in 1Q23. Core earnings were US$488 million in 1Q24 compared with US$361 million in 1Q23, and items excluded from core earnings were a net charge of US$218 million in 1Q24 compared with a net gain of US$23 million in 1Q23.

Core earnings in 1Q24 increased 39% compared with 1Q23, driven by an increase in expected earnings on insurance contracts, favourable claims experience, and higher expected investment income due to business growth and higher investment yields. The increase in expected earnings on insurance contracts was driven primarily by the net impact of updates to actuarial methods and assumptions on our CSM and risk adjustment in the second half of 2023, and business growth. Investment income on allocated capital also increased core earnings by US$19 million compared with 1Q23 (see Corporate and Other segment). In addition, the GA Reinsurance Transaction increased core earnings by US$6 million in 1Q24 driven by a release of ECL provisions on assets sold and higher expected investment earnings due to the timing of asset realignment, partially offset by foregone earnings.

APE sales were US$950 million in 1Q24, an increase of 13% compared with 1Q23, driven by growth in Asia Other and Japan, partially offset by lower sales in Hong Kong. NBV was US$343 million in 1Q24, an increase of 28% compared with 1Q23, driven by higher sales volumes and business mix. New business value margin (“NBV margin”)1 was 44.4% in 1Q24 compared with 37.3% in 1Q23. New business CSM was US$364 million in 1Q24, an increase of 68% compared with 1Q23, due to higher sales volumes, business mix and the impact of updates to actuarial methods and assumptions in the second half of 2023.

 

   

Hong Kong APE sales were US$190 million in 1Q24, a decrease of 10% compared with 1Q23 reflecting lower mainland Chinese visitor sales through the broker channel, partially offset by higher sales in the bancassurance channel. Hong Kong NBV was US$128 million in 1Q24, an increase of 15% compared with 1Q23 due to product mix, partially offset by lower sales volumes. Hong Kong NBV margin was 67.7% in 1Q24, an increase of 15.5 percentage points compared with 1Q23. Hong Kong new business CSM was US$124 million in 1Q24, an increase of 41%, compared with 1Q23 due to product mix and the impact of updates to actuarial methods and assumptions in the second half of 2023, partially offset by lower sales volumes.

 

   

Japan APE sales were US$76 million in 1Q24, an increase of 23% compared with 1Q23, reflecting higher sales in other wealth products. Japan NBV was US$39 million in 1Q24, an increase of 54% compared with 1Q23 due to higher sales volumes and product mix. Japan NBV margin was 50.9% in 1Q24, an increase of 10.1 percentage points compared with 1Q23. Japan new business CSM was US$36 million in 1Q24, an increase of 51% compared with 1Q23, due to higher sales volumes, product mix and the impact of updates to actuarial methods and assumptions in the second half of 2023, partially offset by model refinements in the second quarter of 2023.

 

 

1 

For more information on this metric, see “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   14


Table of Contents
   

Asia Other APE sales were US$684 million in 1Q24, an increase of 20% compared with 1Q23. Higher sales in mainland China, primarily driven by the bancassurance channel, and higher sales in Singapore across all channels were partially offset by lower agency and bancassurance sales in Vietnam. Asia Other NBV was US$176 million in 1Q24, an increase of 33% compared with 1Q23, due to higher sales volumes and product mix. Asia Other NBV margin was 34.8% in 1Q24, an increase of 5.0 percentage points compared with 1Q23. Asia Other new business CSM was US$204 million in 1Q24, an increase of 94% compared with 1Q23, driven by higher sales volumes, product mix and the impact of updates to actuarial methods and assumptions in the second half of 2023.

CSM net of NCI was US$9,748 million as at March 31, 2024, representing an increase of US$178 million compared with December 31, 2023. Organic CSM movement was an increase of US$163 million in 1Q24, driven by the impact of new business and interest accretion, partially offset by amortization recognized in core earnings and a net reduction from insurance experience. The inorganic CSM movement was an increase of US$15 million in 1Q24, largely driven by the impact of equity market performance on certain participating contracts, partially offset by strengthening of the U.S. dollar against Asian currencies. There were no material impacts to CSM net of NCI from the GA Reinsurance Transaction.

Assets under management of US$126.2 billion as at March 31, 2024, were in line with December 31, 2023. The increase was due to lower interest rates and positive equity market performance on invested assets and segregated funds net assets, and was offset by the transfer of invested assets related to the GA Reinsurance Transaction.

Business highlights – In 1Q24, we:

 

   

continued to roll out our top-tier recognition and activation program, Manulife Pro, across the region with the recent expansion to Indonesia and Japan. The program provides selected agents with differentiated resources and tools, including dedicated underwriting support and enhanced customer engagement services with access to customer leads. Manulife Pro has proven successful in Singapore where the 2023 cohort has shown great momentum in enabling our top-tier agents to improve productivity and qualify for the Million Dollar Round Table award; and

 

   

completed the roll-out of M-Pro, a first-in-market digital pre-issuance verification tool, to all distribution channels in Vietnam. M-Pro has further improved customer experience and we have received outstanding feedback on the ease of navigating policy issuance details, ability to review crucial policy information and transparency of the consultation process.

 

B2

Canada

 

    Quarterly Results  
($ millions, unless otherwise stated)   1Q24     4Q23     1Q23  

Profitability:

     

Net income attributed to shareholders

  $ 273     $ 365     $ 309  

Core earnings(1)

    364       352       353  

Business performance:

     

Annualized premium equivalent sales

    450       363       293  

Contractual service margin

       4,205         4,060         3,659  

Manulife Bank average net lending assets ($ billions)(2)

    25.4       25.2       24.8  

Assets under management ($ billions)

    146.7       147.5       143.9  

Total invested assets ($ billions)

    109.5       111.5       107.5  

Segregated funds net assets ($ billions)

    37.2       36.1       36.4  
(1)

See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for a reconciliation of quarterly core earnings to net income (loss) attributed to shareholders.

(2) 

This item is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for more information.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   15


Table of Contents

Canada’s net income attributed to shareholders was $273 million in 1Q24 compared with $309 million in 1Q23. Net income attributed to shareholders is comprised of core earnings, which were $363 million in 1Q24 compared with $353 million in 1Q23, and items excluded from core earnings, which amounted to a net charge of $91 million in 1Q24 compared with a net charge of $44 million in 1Q23. See section E3 “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below, for a reconciliation of quarterly core earnings to net income (loss) attributed to shareholders and section A1 “Profitability” above, for explanations of the items excluded from core earnings.

Core earnings in 1Q24 increased $11 million or 3% compared with 1Q23, reflecting business growth in our insurance businesses, a release in the provision for ECL in 1Q24 compared with charges in 1Q23 and favourable insurance experience in Group Insurance. These amounts were partially offset by lower investment spreads, and more unfavourable insurance experience in Individual Insurance.

APE sales of $450 million in 1Q24 increased by $157 million or 54% compared with 1Q23.

 

   

Individual insurance APE sales of $109 million in 1Q24 increased $8 million or 8% compared with 1Q23, primarily due to higher participating life insurance sales.

 

   

Group insurance APE sales of $273 million in 1Q24 increased $140 million or 105% compared with 1Q23, driven by higher sales across all markets, led by large-case sales.

 

   

Annuities APE sales of $68 million in 1Q24 increased $9 million or 15% compared with 1Q23, primarily due to higher segregated fund and fixed annuity sales.

CSM was $4,205 million as at March 31, 2024, representing an increase of $145 million compared with December 31, 2023. Organic CSM movement was an increase of $26 million in 1Q24, driven by the impact of new business and interest accretion, partially offset by amortization recognized in core earnings. Inorganic CSM movement was an increase of $119 million in 1Q24, primarily related to favourable equity market experience on certain variable annuity contracts.

Manulife Bank average net lending assets for the quarter were $25.4 billion as at March 31, 2024, up $0.2 billion or 1% compared with December 31, 2023, driven by improved retention and business growth.

Assets under management were $146.7 billion as at March 31, 2024, in line with December 31, 2023, due to lower total invested assets, reflecting the impact of higher interest rates, partially offset by higher segregated fund net assets, primarily related to equity market performance.

Business highlights – In 1Q24, we:

 

   

continued our transformation journey by entering into the largest universal life reinsurance transaction in Canada. The transaction, which successfully closed on April 2, 2024, transferred $5.6 billion of insurance contract net liabilities to RGA Canada1. The expected capital release of $0.8 billion represents an attractive 16.2 times earnings multiple and will be returned to shareholders through an ordinary share repurchase program2;

 

   

entered into a multi-year loyalty rewards partnership agreement with Aeroplan. Beginning in early summer 2024, eligible Manulife group benefits members will be able to earn rewards points using our group benefits digital platforms by engaging in behaviours and activities that encourage health and well-being; and

 

   

continued our commitment to empowering sustainable health and well-being with charitable donations to the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, supporting women’s mental health and well-being, and to the St. Mary’s General Hospital PREVENT Clinic, focused on preventing cardiac events.

 

 

 

1  RGA Life Reinsurance Company of Canada. Insurance contract net liabilities as of March 31, 2024.

2  See “Caution regarding forward-looking statements” below. Expected capital release and earnings multiple estimates were as of December 31, 2023.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   16


Table of Contents
B3

U.S.

 

($ millions, unless otherwise stated)   Quarterly Results  
Canadian dollars          1Q24          4Q23            1Q23  

Profitability:

           

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders

  $         (108)     $     198     $     186  

Core earnings(1)

      452         474         385  

Business performance:

           

Annualized premium equivalent sales

      152         192         134  

Contractual service margin

      3,649         3,738         4,080  

Assets under management ($ billions)

      202.4         202.5         204.4  

Total invested assets ($ billions)

      129.9         134.0         136.5  

Segregated funds invested net assets ($ billions)

            72.5           68.5           67.9  

U.S. dollars

           

Profitability:

           

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders

  US$         (80)     US$       146     US$     138  

Core earnings(1)

        335         349         285  

Business performance:

           

Annualized premium equivalent sales

      113         141         99  

Contractual service margin

      2,691         2,828         3,016  

Assets under management ($ billions)

      149.6         153.6         151.0  

Total invested assets ($ billions)

      96.0         101.6         100.8  

Segregated funds invested net assets ($ billions)

            53.6           52.0           50.2  
(1)

See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for a reconciliation of quarterly core earnings to net income (loss) attributed to shareholders.

U.S.s net loss attributed to shareholders was $108 million in 1Q24 compared with net income attributed to shareholders of $186 million in 1Q23. Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders is comprised of core earnings, which were $452 million in 1Q24 compared with $385 million in 1Q23, and items excluded from core earnings, which amounted to a net charge of $560 million in 1Q24 compared with a net charge of $199 million in 1Q23. See section E3 “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below, for a reconciliation of quarterly core earnings to net income (loss) attributed to shareholders and section A1 “Profitability” above, for explanations of the items excluded from core earnings. The changes in core earnings expressed in Canadian dollars were due to the factors described below. The impact on core earnings from the change in the foreign currency rate of the U.S. dollar compared with the Canadian dollar was immaterial.

Expressed in U.S. dollars, the functional currency of the segment, the net loss attributed to shareholders was US$80 million in 1Q24 compared with net income attributed to shareholders of US$138 million in 1Q23. Core earnings were US$335 million in 1Q24 compared with US$285 million in 1Q23 and items excluded from core earnings were a net charge of US$415 million in 1Q24 compared with a net charge of US$147 million in 1Q23.

Core earnings in 1Q24 increased US$50 million or 18% compared with 1Q23 reflecting an increase in the ECL provision in 1Q23 and higher expected investment earnings due to higher yields and business growth. These impacts were partially offset by more unfavourable net insurance experience, primarily due to more unfavourable claims experience in long-term care and lapse experience in life. In addition, the GA Reinsurance Transaction reduced core earnings by US$19 million reflecting foregone earnings, primarily from expected earnings on insurance contracts and expected investment earnings, partially offset by a release of ECL provisions on assets sold.

APE sales of US$113 million in 1Q24 increased 14% compared with 1Q23, reflecting an increase in demand from affluent customers for accumulation insurance products. APE sales of products with the John Hancock Vitality PLUS feature represented 81% of overall U.S. sales in 1Q24 compared with 74% in 1Q23.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   17


Table of Contents

CSM was US$2,691 million as at March 31, 2024, representing a decrease of US$137 million compared with December 31, 2023. Organic CSM movement was an increase of US$50 million in 1Q24, driven by the impact of new business, interest accretion, and net favourable insurance experience, partially offset by amortization recognized in core earnings. The net favourable insurance experience in organic CSM movement was mainly due to long-term care and annuities claims experience, partially offset by life insurance lapse experience. Inorganic CSM movement was a decrease of US$187 million in 1Q24, mainly due to the impact of the GA Reinsurance Transaction, partially offset by favourable market impacts from equity market experience and higher interest rates primarily on variable annuity contracts.

Assets under management were US$149.6 billion as at March 31, 2024, a decrease of US$4.0 billion or 3% compared with December 31, 2023. The decrease in total invested assets was primarily due to the transfer of invested assets related to the GA Reinsurance Transaction, partially offset by the net impact from interest rate and equity markets. The increase in the segregated funds net assets was primarily due to the net impact from interest rate and equity markets.

Business highlights – In 1Q24, we:

 

   

accelerated our distribution team’s ability to act on sales opportunities and improved their efficiency in assisting agents by implementing JHINI – our new, AI-powered, sales enablement tool;

 

   

streamlined our underwriting process and improved our customers’ experience by expanding our usage of electronic health records and leveraging other types of underwriting evidence, which have allowed us to eliminate certain medical test requirements for all ages and face amounts; and

 

   

drove a 43% improvement compared with 1Q23 in the number of visits to the Vitality page of JohnHancock.com supported by the launch of Your Year in Wellness – our first social-sharing campaign to raise awareness about the value of John Hancock Vitality.

 

B4

Global Wealth and Asset Management

 

    Quarterly Results  
($ millions, unless otherwise stated)         1Q24           4Q23           1Q23  

Profitability:

              

Net income attributed to shareholders

  $      365        $ 365     $      297  

Core earnings(1)

       357          353          287  

Core EBITDA(2)

       477          474          393  

Core EBITDA margin (%)(3)

       25.5%          25.7%          22.4%  

Business performance:

              

Sales

              

Wealth and asset management gross flows

       45,444          35,148          38,815  

Wealth and asset management net flows

       6,723          (1,284)          4,440  

Assets under management and administration ($ billions)

       911.4          849.2          814.5  

Total invested assets ($ billions)

       8.1          7.1          5.6  

Segregated funds net assets ($ billions)

       266.2          248.1          235.6  

Global WAM managed AUMA ($ billions)(2)

       1,123.0          1,055.0          1,022.5  

Average assets under management and administration ($ billions)

         879.8            816.7            804.5  

(1)  See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for a reconciliation of quarterly core earnings to net income (loss) attributed to shareholders.

(2)  This item is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for more information.

(3)  This item is a non-GAAP ratio. See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for more information.

Global WAM’s net income attributed to shareholders was $365 million in 1Q24 compared with $297 million in 1Q23. Net income attributed to shareholders is comprised of core earnings, which were $357 million in 1Q24 compared with $287 million in 1Q23, and items excluded from core earnings, which amounted to a net gain of $8 million in 1Q24 compared with a net gain of $10 million in 1Q23. See section E3 “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below, for a reconciliation of quarterly core earnings to net income (loss) attributed to shareholders and section A1 “Profitability” above, for explanations of the items excluded from core earnings.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   18


Table of Contents

Core earnings increased $70 million or 25% compared with 1Q23, driven by an increase in net fee income from higher average AUMA resulting from the favourable impact of markets and net inflows, and disciplined expense management. In addition, investment income on allocated capital increased core earnings by $9 million compared with 1Q23 (see Corporate and Other segment).

Core EBITDA was $477 million in 1Q24, an increase of 22% compared with 1Q23, and core EBITDA margin was 25.5% in 1Q24, an increase of 310 basis points compared with 1Q23, both driven by strong growth and disciplined expense management. See section E3 “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below, for additional information on core EBITDA and core EBITDA margin.

Net inflows were $6.7 billion in 1Q24 compared with net inflows of $4.4 billion in 1Q23. By business line, the results were:

 

   

Retirement net inflows of $3.2 billion in 1Q24, increased from net inflows of $1.2 billion in 1Q23, reflecting higher new retirement plan sales across our three geographies.

 

   

Retail net inflows of $1.7 billion in 1Q24, increased compared with net inflows of $0.8 billion in 1Q23, driven by increased demand for investment products amid equity market recovery and improved investor sentiment.

 

   

Institutional Asset Management net inflows of $1.8 billion in 1Q24, declined from net inflows of $2.5 billion in 1Q23, as higher fixed income mandate sales and lower money market redemptions were more than offset by higher redemptions in fixed income and equity mandates.

Assets under management and administration of $911.4 billion as at March 31, 2024 increased 6% compared with December 31, 2023. The increase was driven by the favourable impact of equity markets and net inflows. As at March 31, 2024, Global WAM also managed $211.5 billion in assets for the Company’s non-WAM reporting segments. Including those managed assets, Global WAM managed AUMA was $1,123.0 billion compared with $1,055.0 billion as at December 31, 2023.

Segregated funds net assets were $266.2 billion as at March 31, 2024, 7% higher compared with December 31, 2023 on an actual exchange rate basis, driven by favourable impact of equity markets and the strengthening of the U.S. dollar compared with the Canadian dollar.

Business highlights – In 1Q24, we:

 

   

announced the closing of a $1.0 billion institutional fund - Manulife Capital Partners VII. The fund will invest in U.S. middle market companies across multiple industries, focusing on growth and high-yield opportunities. Manulife Investment Management’s private equity and credit platform now has more than US$25 billion in AUM and unfunded commitments;

 

   

partnered with the Indonesia Investment Authority sovereign wealth fund to raise and manage funds for investment. The partnership involves co-investments between the sovereign wealth fund, Manulife, and third-party investors into the Indonesian infrastructure, real estate, and the natural capital sectors, which include timberland and agriculture assets; and

 

   

completed the implementation of a new advisor retail wealth platform in Canada as part of our digital transformation strategy representing more than $54 billion in AUMA by leveraging an industry leading technology platform. The platform delivers an enhanced advisor and client experience and enables advisors to streamline their processes by digitizing administrative tasks to improve their efficiency, freeing up more capacity for meaningful client interactions which will allow them to further grow.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   19


Table of Contents
B5

Corporate and Other

 

    Quarterly Results  
($ millions, unless otherwise stated)         1Q24           4Q23           1Q23   

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders

  $ (27)     $      116     $      95   

Core earnings (loss)(1)

    (76)            30            17   
(1)

See “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below for a reconciliation of quarterly core earnings to net income (loss) attributed to shareholders.

Corporate and Other is composed of investment performance on assets backing capital, net of amounts allocated to operating segments; financing costs; costs incurred by the corporate office related to shareholder activities (not allocated to the operating segments); our Property and Casualty (“P&C”) Reinsurance business; as well as our run-off reinsurance operation including variable annuities and accident and health. In addition, for segment reporting purposes, consolidations and eliminations of transactions between operating segments are also included in Corporate and Other earnings.

Corporate and Other reported a net loss attributed to shareholders of $27 million in 1Q24 compared with net income attributed to shareholders of $95 million in 1Q23. Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders is comprised of core earnings, which was a core loss of $76 million in 1Q24 compared with core earnings of $17 million in 1Q23, and the items excluded from core earnings which amounted to a net gain of $49 million in 1Q24 compared with a net gain of $78 million in 1Q23. See section E3 “Non-GAAP and other financial measures” below, for a reconciliation of quarterly core earnings to net income (loss) attributed to shareholders and section A1 “Profitability” above, for explanations of the items excluded from core earnings.

The $93 million decline in core earnings was primarily related to higher interest on allocated capital to operating segments, primarily Asia and Global WAM, higher core expenses due to higher workforce-related costs, reflecting strong TSR performance relative to peers and business performance and the non-recurrence of 1Q23 gains in our P&C Reinsurance business from updates to provisions for estimated losses.

 

C

RISK MANAGEMENT AND RISK FACTORS UPDATE

This section provides an update to our risk management practices and risk factors outlined in the 2023 MD&A. Text and tables in this section of the MD&A represent our disclosure on insurance, market, and liquidity risk in accordance with IFRS 7 “Financial Instruments – Disclosures”. Disclosures in accordance with IFRS 7 are identified by a vertical line in the left margin of each page. The identified text and tables represent an integral part of our unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

C1

Variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees

 

As described in the MD&A in our 2023 Annual Report, guarantees on variable annuity products and segregated funds may include one or more of death, maturity, income and withdrawal guarantees. Variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees are contingent and only payable upon the occurrence of the relevant event, if fund values at that time are below guarantee values. Depending on future equity market levels, liabilities on current in-force business would be due primarily in the period from 2024 to 2044.
 
We seek to mitigate a portion of the risks embedded in our retained (i.e. net of reinsurance) variable annuity and segregated fund guarantee business through the combination of our dynamic and macro hedging strategies (see section C3 “Publicly traded equity performance risk sensitivities and exposure measures” below).

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   20


Table of Contents
The table below shows selected information regarding the Company’s variable annuity and segregated fund investment-related guarantees gross and net of reinsurance.

Variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees, net of reinsurance

 

      March 31, 2024     December 31, 2023  

As at

($ millions)

  

Guarantee

value(1)

     Fund
value
    

 Net amount at

risk(1),(2),(3)

    Guarantee
value(1)
     Fund
value
    

 Net amount at

risk(1),(2),(3)

 

Guaranteed minimum income benefit

   $ 3,718      $ 2,808      $ 968     $ 3,864      $ 2,735      $ 1,156  

Guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit

     34,563        34,001        3,667       34,833        33,198        4,093  

Guaranteed minimum accumulation benefit

     18,972        19,021        99       18,996        19,025        116  

Gross living benefits(4)

     57,253        55,830        4,734       57,693        54,958        5,365  

Gross death benefits(5)

     9,006        18,798        715       9,133        17,279        975  

Total gross of reinsurance

     66,259        74,628        5,449       66,826        72,237        6,340  

Living benefits reinsured

     24,243        24,124        3,052       24,208        23,146        3,395  

Death benefits reinsured

     3,407        2,698        326       3,400        2,576        482  

Total reinsured

     27,650        26,822        3,378       27,608        25,722        3,877  

Total, net of reinsurance

   $  38,609      $  47,806      $  2,071     $  39,218      $  46,515      $  2,463  
(1)     Guarantee Value and Net Amount at Risk in respect of guaranteed minimum withdrawal business in Canada and the U.S. reflect the time value of money of these claims.
(2)     Amount at risk (in-the-money amount) is the excess of guarantee values over fund values on all policies where the guarantee value exceeds the fund value. For guaranteed minimum death benefit, the amount at risk is defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance and assumes that all claims are immediately payable. In practice, guaranteed death benefits are contingent and only payable upon the eventual death of policyholders if fund values remain below guarantee values. For guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit, the amount at risk assumes that the benefit is paid as a lifetime annuity commencing at the earliest contractual income start age. These benefits are also contingent and only payable at scheduled maturity/income start dates in the future, if the policyholders are still living and have not terminated their policies and fund values remain below guarantee values. For all guarantees, the amount at risk is floored at zero at the single contract level.
(3)     The amount at risk net of reinsurance at March 31, 2024 was $2,071 million (December 31, 2023 – $2,463 million) of which: US$318 million (December 31, 2023 – US$391 million) was on our U.S. business, $1,371 million (December 31, 2023 – $1,559 million) was on our Canadian business, US$103 million (December 31, 2023 – US$140 million) was on our Japan business and US$97 million (December 31, 2023 – US$155 million) was related to Asia (other than Japan) and our run-off reinsurance business.
(4)     Where a policy includes both living and death benefits, the guarantee in excess of the living benefit is included in the death benefit category as outlined in footnote 5.
(5)     Death benefits include standalone guarantees and guarantees in excess of living benefit guarantees where both death and living benefits are provided on a policy.

 

C2

Caution related to sensitivities

 

In this document, we provide sensitivities and risk exposure measures for certain risks. These include sensitivities due to specific changes in market prices and interest rate levels projected using internal models as at a specific date, and are measured relative to a starting level reflecting the Company’s assets and liabilities at that date. The risk exposures measure the impact of changing one factor at a time and assume that all other factors remain unchanged. Actual results can differ significantly from these estimates for a variety of reasons including the interaction among these factors when more than one changes; changes in liabilities from updates to non-economic assumptions, changes in business mix, effective tax rates and other market factors; and the general limitations of our internal models. For these reasons, the sensitivities should only be viewed as directional estimates of the underlying sensitivities for the respective factors based on the assumptions outlined below. Given the nature of these calculations, we cannot provide assurance that the actual impact on contractual service margin, net income attributed to shareholders, other comprehensive income attributed to shareholders, and total comprehensive income attributed to shareholders or on MLI’s LICAT ratio will be as indicated.

Market movements affect LICAT capital sensitivities through the available capital, surplus allowance and required capital components of the regulatory capital framework. The LICAT available capital component is primarily affected by total comprehensive income and the CSM.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   21


Table of Contents
C3

Publicly traded equity performance risk sensitivities and exposure measures

As outlined in our 2023 Annual Report, we have net exposure to equity risk through asset and liability mismatches; our variable annuity and segregated fund guarantee dynamic hedging strategy is not designed to completely offset the sensitivity of insurance contract liabilities to all risks associated with the guarantees embedded in these products. The macro hedging strategy is designed to mitigate public equity risk arising from variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees not dynamically hedged and from other unhedged exposures in our insurance contracts (see page 62 of our 2023 Annual Report).

Changes in public equity prices may impact other items including, but not limited to, asset-based fees earned on assets under management and administration or policyholder account value, and estimated profits and amortization of deferred policy acquisition and other costs. These items are not hedged.

 

The following tables include the potential impacts from an immediate 10%, 20% and 30% change in market values of publicly traded equities on net income attributed to shareholders, the CSM, other comprehensive income attributed to shareholders, and total comprehensive income attributed to shareholders. The potential impact is shown after taking into account the impact of the change in markets on the hedge assets. While we cannot reliably estimate the amount of the change in dynamically hedged variable annuity and segregated fund guarantee liabilities that will not be offset by the change in the dynamic hedge assets, we make certain assumptions for the purposes of estimating the impact on net income attributed to shareholders.
 
This estimate assumes that the performance of the dynamic hedging program would not completely offset the gain/loss from the dynamically hedged variable annuity and segregated fund guarantee liabilities. It assumes that the hedge assets are based on the actual position at the period end, and that equity hedges in the dynamic program offset 95% of the hedged variable annuity liability movement that occurs as a result of market changes.
 
It is also important to note that these estimates are illustrative, and that the dynamic and macro hedging programs may underperform these estimates, particularly during periods of high realized volatility and/or periods where both interest rates and equity market movements are unfavourable. The method used for deriving sensitivity information and significant assumptions did not change from the previous period.

Changes in equity markets impact our available and required components of the LICAT ratio. The second set of tables shows the potential impact to MLI’s LICAT ratio resulting from changes in public equity market values.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   22


Table of Contents

Potential immediate impact on net income attributed to shareholders arising from changes to public equity returns(1)

 

As at March 31, 2024    Net income attributed to shareholders  
($ millions)    -30%      -20%      -10%      +10%      +20%      +30%  
Underlying sensitivity                  

Variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees(2)

   $  (2,140)      $  (1,300)      $  (590)      $  490      $  890      $  1,230  

General fund equity investments(3)

     (1,300)        (870)        (430)        430        870        1,300  

Total underlying sensitivity before hedging

     (3,440)        (2,170)        (1,020)        920        1,760        2,530  

Impact of macro and dynamic hedge assets(4)

     750        450        200        (160)        (280)        (380)  

Net potential impact on net income attributed to shareholders after impact of hedging and before impact of reinsurance

     (2,690)        (1,720)        (820)        760        1,480        2,150  

Impact of reinsurance

     1,370        840        390        (320)        (600)        (850)  

Net potential impact on net income attributed to shareholders after impact of hedging and reinsurance

   $ (1,320)      $ (880)      $ (430)      $ 440      $ 880      $ 1,300  
                                            
As at December 31, 2023    Net income attributed to shareholders  
($ millions)    -30%      -20%      -10%      +10%      +20%      +30%  
Underlying sensitivity                  

Variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees(2)

   $ (2,370)      $ (1,460)      $ (670)      $ 550      $   1,010      $   1,390  

General fund equity investments(3)

     (1,170)        (770)        (390)        380        760        1,140  

Total underlying sensitivity before hedging

     (3,540)        (2,230)        (1,060)        930        1,770        2,530  

Impact of macro and dynamic hedge assets(4)

     880        530        240        (190)        (340)        (460)  

Net potential impact on net income attributed to shareholders after impact of hedging and before impact of reinsurance

     (2,660)        (1,700)        (820)        740        1,430        2,070  

Impact of reinsurance

     1,470        900        420        (350)        (650)        (910)  

Net potential impact on net income attributed to shareholders after impact of hedging and reinsurance

   $ (1,190)      $ (800)      $ (400)      $ 390      $ 780      $ 1,160  
(1)     See “Caution related to sensitivities” above.
(2)      For variable annuity contracts measured under the variable fee approach (“VFA”) the impact of financial risk and changes in interest rates adjusts CSM, unless the risk mitigation option applies. The Company has elected to apply risk mitigation and therefore a portion of the impact is reported in net income attributed to shareholders instead of adjusting the CSM. If the CSM for a group of variable annuity contracts is exhausted the full impact is reported in net income attributed to shareholders.
(3)      This impact for general fund equity investments includes general fund investments supporting our insurance contract liabilities, investment in seed money investments (in segregated and mutual funds made by Global WAM segment) and the impact on insurance contract liabilities related to the projected future fee income on variable universal life and other unit linked products. The impact does not include any potential impact on public equity weightings. The participating policy funds are largely self-supporting and generate no material impact on net income attributed to shareholders as a result of changes in equity markets.
(4)      Includes the impact of assumed rebalancing of equity hedges in the macro and dynamic hedging program. The impact of dynamic hedge represents the impact of equity hedges offsetting 95% of the dynamically hedged variable annuity liability movement that occurs as a result of market changes, but does not include any impact in respect of other sources of hedge accounting ineffectiveness (e.g. fund tracking, realized volatility and equity, interest rate correlations different from expected among other factors).

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   23


Table of Contents

Potential immediate impact on contractual service margin, other comprehensive income to shareholders, total comprehensive income to shareholders and MLI’s LICAT ratio from changes to public equity market values(1),(2),(3)

 

                                           
As at March 31, 2024    -30%      -20%      -10%      +10%      +20%      +30%  

Variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees reported in CSM

   $  (3,540)      $  (2,180)      $  (1,010)      $  870      $  1,630      $  2,300  

Impact of risk mitigation - hedging(4)

     990        590        260        (210)        (370)        (500)  

Impact of risk mitigation - reinsurance(4)

     1,740        1,060        490        (410)        (760)        (1,070)  

VA net of risk mitigation

     (810)        (530)        (260)        250        500        730  

General fund equity

     (1,030)        (670)        (330)        320        640        950  
Contractual service margin ($ millions, pre-tax)    $ (1,840)      $ (1,200)      $ (590)      $ 570      $ 1,140      $ 1,680  

Other comprehensive income attributed to shareholders
($ millions, post-tax)
(5)

   $ (860)      $ (580)      $ (290)      $ 260      $ 530      $ 790  

Total comprehensive income attributed to shareholders
($ millions, post-tax)

   $ (2,180)      $ (1,460)      $ (720)      $ 700      $ 1,410      $ 2,090  

 MLI’s LICAT ratio (change in percentage points)

     (3)        (2)        (1)        1        2        2  
                 
As at December 31, 2023    -30%      -20%      -10%      +10%      +20%      +30%  

Variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees reported in CSM

   $ (3,810)      $ (2,370)      $ (1,100)      $ 940      $ 1,760      $ 2,470  

Impact of risk mitigation - hedging(4)

     1,150        700        310        (250)        (450)        (600)  

Impact of risk mitigation - reinsurance(4)

     1,850        1,140        530        (450)        (830)        (1,150)  

VA net of risk mitigation

     (810)        (530)        (260)        240        480        720  

General fund equity

     (940)        (610)        (300)        290        590        870  

Contractual service margin ($ millions, pre-tax)

   $ (1,750)      $ (1,140)      $ (560)      $ 530      $ 1,070      $ 1,590  

Other comprehensive income attributed to shareholders
($ millions, post-tax)
(5)

   $ (730)      $ (490)      $ (240)      $ 230      $ 460      $ 680  

Total comprehensive income attributed to shareholders
($ millions, post-tax)

   $ (1,920)      $ (1,290)      $ (640)      $ 620      $ 1,240      $ 1,840  

 MLI’s LICAT ratio (change in percentage points)

     (3)        (2)        (1)        1        2        2  
(1)      See “Caution related to sensitivities” above.
(2)      This estimate assumes that the performance of the dynamic hedging program would not completely offset the gain/loss from the dynamically hedged variable annuity and segregated fund guarantee liabilities. It assumes that the hedge assets are based on the actual position at the period end, and that equity hedges in the dynamic program offset 95% of the hedged variable annuity liability movement that occur as a result of market changes.
(3)      The Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (“OSFI”) rules for segregated fund guarantees reflect full capital impacts of shocks over 20 quarters within a prescribed range. As such, the deterioration in equity markets could lead to further increases in capital requirements after the initial shock.
(4)      For variable annuity contracts measured under VFA the impact of financial risk and changes in interest rates adjusts CSM, unless the risk mitigation option applies. The Company has elected to apply risk mitigation and therefore a portion of the impact is reported in net income attributed to shareholders instead of adjusting the CSM. If the CSM for a group of variable annuity contracts is exhausted the full impact is reported in net income attributed to shareholders.
(5)      The impact of financial risk and changes to interest rates for variable annuity contracts is not expected to generate sensitivity in Other Comprehensive Income.

 

C4

Interest rate and spread risk sensitivities and exposure measures

 

As at March 31, 2024, we estimated the sensitivity of our net income attributed to shareholders to a 50 basis point parallel decline in interest rates to be a benefit of $100 million, and to a 50 basis point parallel increase in interest rates to be a charge of $100 million.
 
The table below shows the potential impacts from a 50 basis point parallel move in interest rates on the CSM, net income attributed to shareholders, other comprehensive income attributed to shareholders, and total comprehensive income attributed to shareholders. This includes a change in current government, swap and corporate rates for all maturities across all markets with no change in credit spreads between government, swap and corporate rates. Also shown separately are the potential impacts from a 50 basis point parallel move in corporate spreads and a 20 basis point parallel move in swap spreads. The impacts reflect the net impact of movements in asset values in liability and surplus segments and movements in the present value of cash flows for insurance contracts including those with cash flows that vary with the returns of underlying items where the present value is measured by stochastic modelling. The method used for deriving sensitivity information and significant assumptions did not change from the previous period.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   24


Table of Contents
The disclosed interest rate sensitivities reflect the accounting designations of our financial assets and corresponding insurance contract liabilities. In most cases these assets and liabilities are designated as fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”) and as a result, impacts from changes to interest rates are largely in other comprehensive income. There are also changes in interest rates that impact the CSM for VFA contracts that relate to amounts that are not passed through to policyholders. In addition, changes in interest rates impact net income as it relates to derivatives not in hedge accounting relationships and on VFA contracts where the CSM has been exhausted.
 
The disclosed interest rate sensitivities assume no hedge accounting ineffectiveness, as our hedge accounting programs are optimized for parallel movements in interest rates, leading to immaterial net income impacts under these shocks. However, the actual hedge accounting ineffectiveness is sensitive to non-parallel interest rate movements and will depend on the shape and magnitude of the interest rate movements, which could lead to variations in the impact to net income attributed to shareholders.
 
Our sensitivities vary across all regions in which we operate, and the impacts of yield curve changes will vary depending upon the geography where the change occurs. Furthermore, the impacts from non-parallel movements may be materially different from the estimated impacts of parallel movements.
 
The interest rate and spread risk sensitivities are determined in isolation of each other and therefore do not reflect the combined impact of changes in government rates and credit spreads between government, swap and corporate rates occurring simultaneously. As a result, the impact of the summation of each individual sensitivity may be materially different from the impact of sensitivities to simultaneous changes in interest rate and spread risk.
 
The potential impacts also do not take into account other potential effects of changes in interest rate levels, for example, CSM at recognition on the sale of new business or lower interest earned on future fixed income asset purchases.
 
The impacts do not reflect any potential effect of changing interest rates on the value of our ALDA. Rising interest rates could negatively impact the value of our ALDA (see “Critical Actuarial and Accounting Policies – Fair Value of Invested Assets”, on page 96 of our 2023 Annual Report). More information on ALDA can be found under the section C5 “Alternative long-duration asset performance risk sensitivities and exposure measures”.
The impact to the LICAT ratio from a change in interest rates reflects the impacts on total comprehensive income, the LICAT adjustments to earnings for the CSM, the surplus allowance and required capital components of the regulatory capital framework.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   25


Table of Contents

Potential impacts on contractual service margin, net income attributed to shareholders, other comprehensive income attributed to shareholders, and total comprehensive income attributed to shareholders of an immediate parallel change in interest rates, corporate spreads or swap spreads relative to current rates(1),(2),(3)

 

As at March 31, 2024    Interest rates      Corporate spreads      Swap spreads  
($ millions, post-tax except CSM)    -50bp      +50bp      -50bp      +50bp      -20bp      +20bp  

CSM

   $      $ (100)      $      $ (100)      $      $  

Net income attributed to shareholders

     100        (100)        100        (100)        100        (100)  

Other comprehensive income attributed to shareholders

                   (100)        200        (100)        100  

Total comprehensive income attributed to shareholders

     100        (100)               100                
 
As at December 31, 2023    Interest rates      Corporate spreads      Swap spreads  
($ millions, post-tax except CSM)    -50bp      +50bp      -50bp      +50bp      -20bp      +20bp  

CSM

   $      $  (100)      $      $ (100)      $      $  

Net income attributed to shareholders

     100        (100)                      100        (100)  

Other comprehensive income attributed to shareholders

     (300)        300        (200)        300        (100)        100  

Total comprehensive income attributed to shareholders

     (200)        200        (200)        300                
(1)     See “Caution related to sensitivities” above.
(2)     Estimates include changes to the net actuarial gains/losses with respect to the Company’s pension obligations as a result of changes in interest rates.
(3)      Includes guaranteed insurance and annuity products, including variable annuity contracts as well as adjustable benefit products where benefits are generally adjusted as interest rates and investment returns change, a portion of which have minimum credited rate guarantees. For adjustable benefit products subject to minimum rate guarantees, the sensitivities are based on the assumption that credited rates will be floored at the minimum.

Swap spreads remain at low levels, and if they were to rise, this could generate material changes to net income attributed to shareholders.

Potential impact on MLI’s LICAT ratio of an immediate parallel change in interest rates, corporate spreads or swap spreads relative to current rates(1),(2),(3),(4),(5)

 

As at March 31, 2024    Interest rates      Corporate spreads      Swap spreads  
(change in percentage points)    -50bp      +50bp      -50bp      +50bp      -20bp      +20bp  

MLI’s LICAT ratio

                   (4)        4                
As at December 31, 2023    Interest rates      Corporate spreads      Swap spreads  
(change in percentage points)    -50bp      +50bp      -50bp      +50bp      -20bp      +20bp  

MLI’s LICAT ratio

                   (4)        4                
(1)     See “Caution related to sensitivities” above.
(2)     Estimates include changes to the net actuarial gains/losses with respect to the Company’s pension obligations as a result of changes in interest rates.
(3)     Includes guaranteed insurance and annuity products, including variable annuity contracts as well as adjustable benefit products where benefits are generally adjusted as interest rates and investment returns change, a portion of which have minimum credited rate guarantees. For adjustable benefit products subject to minimum rate guarantees, the sensitivities are based on the assumption that credited rates will be floored at the minimum.
(4)     LICAT impacts reflect the impact of anticipated scenario switches.
(5)     Under LICAT, spread movements are determined from a selection of investment grade bond indices with BBB and better bonds for each jurisdiction. For LICAT, we use the following indices: FTSE TMX Canada All Corporate Bond Index, Barclays USD Liquid Investment Grade Corporate Index, and Nomura-BPI (Japan). LICAT impacts presented for corporate spreads reflect the impact of anticipated scenario switches.

LICAT Scenario Switch

When interest rates change past a certain threshold, reflecting the combined movement in risk-free rates and corporate spreads, a different prescribed interest rate stress scenario needs to be taken into account in the LICAT ratio calculation in accordance with OSFI’s LICAT guideline.

The LICAT guideline specifies four stress scenarios for interest rates and prescribes the methodology to determine the most adverse scenario to apply for each LICAT geographic region1 based on current market inputs and the Company’s balance sheet.

 

 

1 

LICAT geographic locations to determine the most adverse scenario include North America, the United Kingdom, Europe, Japan, and Other Region.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   26


Table of Contents

With the current level of interest rates in 1Q24, the probability of a scenario switch that could materially impact our LICAT ratio is low.1 Should a scenario switch be triggered in a LICAT geographic region, the full impact would be reflected immediately for non-participating products while the impact for participating products would be reflected over six quarters using a rolling average of interest rate risk capital, in line with the smoothing approach prescribed in the LICAT guideline. The LICAT interest rate, corporate spread and swap spread sensitivities presented above reflect the impact of scenario switches, if any, for each disclosed sensitivity.

The level of interest rates and corporate spreads that would trigger a switch in the scenarios is dependent on market conditions and movements in the Company’s asset and liability position. The scenario switch, if triggered, could reverse in response to subsequent changes in interest rates and/or corporate spreads.

 

C5

Alternative long-duration asset performance risk sensitivities and exposure measures

 

The following table shows the potential impact on the CSM, net income attributed to shareholders, other comprehensive income attributed to shareholders, and total comprehensive income attributed to shareholders resulting from an immediate 10% change in market values of ALDA. The method used for deriving sensitivity information and significant assumptions did not change from the previous period.
 
ALDA used in this sensitivity analysis includes commercial real estate, private equity, infrastructure, timber and agriculture, infrastructure, energy2 and other investments.
 
The impacts do not reflect any future potential changes to non-fixed income return volatility. Refer to “C3 Publicly traded equity performance risk sensitivities and exposure measures” for more details.

Potential immediate impacts on contractual service margin, net income attributed to shareholders, other comprehensive income attributed to shareholders, and total comprehensive income attributed to shareholders from changes in ALDA market values(1)

 

As at    March 31, 2024      December 31, 2023  
($ millions, post-tax except CSM)    -10%      +10%      -10%      +10%  

CSM excluding NCI

    $ (100)      $   100      $ (100)      $ 100  

Net income attributed to shareholders(2)

     (2,400)        2,400        (2,400)        2,400  

Other comprehensive income attributed to shareholders

     (200)        200        (200)        200  

Total comprehensive income attributed to shareholders

     (2,600)        2,600        (2,600)        2,600  
(1)     See “Caution related to sensitivities” above.
(2)     Net income attributed to shareholders includes core earnings and the amounts excluded from core earnings.

Potential immediate impact on MLI LICAT ratio arising from changes in ALDA market values(1)

 

      March 31, 2024        December 31, 2023  
(change in percentage points)       -10%         +10%      -10%      +10%  

MLI’s LICAT ratio

     (2)        2        (2)        2  
(1)

See “Caution Related to Sensitivities” above.

 

C6

Risk management and risk factors update1

We have outlined our overall approach to risk management in in our 2023 Annual Report. The following are updates to the risk factors for strategic and product risks.

 

1  See “Caution regarding forward-looking statements” below.

2  Energy includes oil & gas equity interests related to upstream and midstream assets, and energy transition private equity interests in areas supportive of the transition to lower carbon forms of energy, such as wind, solar, batteries, magnets, etc.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   27


Table of Contents

Strategic risk factors

Changes in tax laws, tax regulations, or interpretations of such laws or regulations could make some of our products less attractive to consumers, could increase our corporate taxes or cause us to change the value of our deferred tax assets and liabilities as well as our tax assumptions included in the valuation of our insurance and investment contract liabilities. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

   

In 2021, 136 of the 140 members of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development / G20 Inclusive Framework agreed on a two-pillar solution to address tax challenges from the digital economy, and to close the gaps in international tax systems. These include a new approach to allocating certain profits of multinational entities amongst countries and a global minimum income tax rate of 15%. On July 12, 2023, the Canadian government reaffirmed its commitment to the two-pillar solution and the target date of December 31, 2023 for implementation of the Pillar 2 global minimum tax. This would first apply to the Company’s 2024 fiscal year if enacted on this timeline. The Company is closely monitoring developments and potential impacts and, in particular, for issues unique to the insurance industry. If enacted, we expect an increase in the effective tax rate of approximately 2 to 3 percentage points, pending further details on timing and specific implementation in both Canada and other affected countries.

 

   

Canada’s 2024 federal budget proposes to increase the capital gains inclusion rate from 50% to 66.67%, effective June 25, 2024. Most of Manulife’s investments are not treated as capital property, however, and therefore we don’t expect to be materially affected by this tax change. For investments treated as capital properties, the increased effective tax rate on capital gains would result in a modest increase in the deferred tax liabilities on such investments with accrued gains.

Product risk factors

External market conditions determine the availability, terms and cost of reinsurance protection which could impact our financial position and our ability to write new policies.

 

 

As part of our overall risk and capital management strategy, we purchase reinsurance protection on certain risks underwritten or assumed by our various insurance businesses. As the global reinsurance industry continues to review their business models, certain of our reinsurers have attempted to increase rates on our existing reinsurance contracts. The ability of our reinsurers to increase rates depends upon the terms of each reinsurance contract. Typically, a reinsurer’s ability to raise rates is restricted by terms in our reinsurance contracts, which we seek to enforce. Over the past several years we have received rate increase requests from some of our reinsurers. Thus far, dealing with those requests has not had a material adverse effect on our results of operation or financial condition. Consistent with past practice, we dispute requested increases and, if necessary, we can pursue legal action in order to protect our contractual rights. While possible outcomes remain unknown and there can be no assurance that the outcome of any one or more of these disputes would not have a material adverse effect on our results of operation or financial condition for a particular reporting period, we believe that our reserves, inclusive of reinsurance provisions, are appropriate overall.

 

D

CRITICAL ACTUARIAL AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Disclosures in accordance with IFRS 7 are identified by a vertical line in the left margin of each page. The identified text and tables represent an integral part of our unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   28


Table of Contents
D1

Critical actuarial and accounting policies

Our material accounting policies are described in note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. The critical actuarial policies and estimation processes relating to the determination of insurance and investment contract liabilities are described starting on page 88 of our 2023 Annual Report. The critical accounting policies and estimation processes relating to the assessment of control over other entities for consolidation, estimation of fair value of invested assets, evaluation of invested asset impairments, appropriate accounting for derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting, determination of pension and other post-employment benefit obligations and expenses, accounting for income taxes and uncertain tax positions and valuation and impairment of goodwill and intangible assets are described starting on page 96 of our 2023 Annual Report.

 

D2

Sensitivity to changes in assumptions

 

The following table presents information on how reasonably possible changes in assumptions made by the Company for certain economic risk variables impact the CSM, net income attributed to shareholders, other comprehensive income attributed to shareholders and total comprehensive income attributed to shareholders. The method used for deriving sensitivity information and significant assumptions did not change from the previous period.

The analysis is based on a simultaneous change in assumptions across all business units and holds all other assumptions constant. In practice, experience for each assumption will frequently vary by geographic market and business, and assumption updates are made on a business and geographic basis. Actual results can differ materially from these estimates for a variety of reasons including the interaction among these factors when more than one factor changes, actual experience differing from the assumptions, changes in business mix, effective tax rates, and the general limitations of our internal models.

Potential impact on contractual service margin, net income attributed to shareholders, other comprehensive income attributed to shareholders, and total comprehensive income attributed to shareholders arising from changes to certain economic financial assumptions used in the determination of insurance contract liabilities(1)

 

As at March 31, 2024

($ millions, post-tax except CSM)

   CSM net of NCI     

Net income

attributed to

shareholders

    

Other

comprehensive

income attributed

to shareholders

    

Total

comprehensive

income attributed

to shareholders

 

Financial assumptions

           

10 basis point reduction in ultimate spot rate

   $    (200)      $    –      $    (200)      $    (200)  

50 basis point increase in interest rate volatility(2)

                           

50 basis point increase in non-fixed income return volatility(2)

     (100)                       
 

As at December 31, 2023

($ millions, post-tax except CSM)

   CSM net of NCI      Net income
attributed to
shareholders
    

Other

comprehensive

income attributed

to shareholders

    

Total

comprehensive

income attributed

to shareholders

 

Financial assumptions

           

10 basis point reduction in ultimate spot rate

   $    (200)      $    –      $    (300)      $    (300)  

50 basis point increase in interest rate volatility(2)

                           

50 basis point increase in non-fixed income return volatility(2)

     (100)                       
(1)     Note that the impact of these assumptions is not linear.
(2)     Used in the determination of insurance contract liabilities with financial guarantees. This includes universal Life minimum crediting rate guarantees, participating life zero dividend floor implicit guarantees, and variable annuities guarantees, where a stochastic approach is used to capture the asymmetry of the risk.

 

D3

Accounting and reporting changes

For future accounting and reporting changes arising during the quarter, refer to note 2 of our unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   29


Table of Contents
E

OTHER

 

E1

Outstanding common shares – selected information

As at April 30, 2024, MFC had 1,795,716,281 common shares outstanding.

 

E2

Legal and regulatory proceedings

We are regularly involved in legal actions, both as a defendant and as a plaintiff. Information on legal and regulatory proceedings can be found in note 13 of our unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

 

E3

Non-GAAP and other financial measures

The Company prepares its Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. We use a number of non-GAAP and other financial measures to evaluate overall performance and to assess each of our businesses. This section includes information required by National Instrument 52-112Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures Disclosure in respect of “specified financial measures” (as defined therein).

Non-GAAP financial measures include core earnings (loss); pre-tax core earnings; core earnings available to common shareholders; core earnings before income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“core EBITDA”); total expenses; core expenses; core Drivers of Earnings (“DOE”) line items for core net insurance service result, core net investment result, other core earnings, and core income tax (expenses) recoveries; post-tax contractual service margin (“post-tax CSM”); post-tax contractual service margin net of NCI (“post-tax CSM net of NCI”); Manulife Bank net lending assets; Manulife Bank average net lending assets; assets under management (“AUM”); assets under management and administration (“AUMA”); Global WAM managed AUMA; core revenue; adjusted book value; net income attributed to shareholders excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction; Common shareholders net income excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction and net annualized fee income. In addition, non-GAAP financial measures include the following stated on a constant exchange rate (“CER”) basis: any of the foregoing non-GAAP financial measures; net income attributed to shareholders; common shareholders’ net income and new business CSM.

Non-GAAP ratios include core return on shareholders’ equity (“core ROE”); diluted core earnings per common share (“core EPS”); ROE excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction; diluted EPS excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction; financial leverage ratio; adjusted book value per common share; common share core dividend payout ratio (“dividend payout ratio”); expense efficiency ratio; core EBITDA margin; effective tax rate on core earnings; and net annualized fee income yield on average AUMA. In addition, non-GAAP ratios include the percentage growth/decline on a CER basis in any of the above non-GAAP financial measures and non-GAAP ratios; net income attributed to shareholders; common shareholders’ net income; pre-tax net income attributed to shareholders; general expenses; CSM; CSM net of NCI; impact of new insurance business net of NCI; new business CSM; basic earnings per common share (“basic EPS”); and diluted earnings per common share (“diluted EPS”).

Other specified financial measures include assets under administration (“AUA”); consolidated capital; embedded value (“EV”); new business value (“NBV”); new business value margin (“NBV margin”); sales; annualized premium equivalent (“APE”) sales; gross flows; net flows; average assets under management and administration (“average AUMA”); Global WAM average managed AUMA; average assets under administration; remittances; any of the foregoing specified financial measures stated on a CER basis; and percentage growth/decline in any of the foregoing specified financial measures on a CER basis. In addition, we provide an explanation below of the components of core DOE line items other than the change in expected credit loss, the items that comprise certain items excluded from core earnings (on a pre-tax and post-tax basis), and the components of CSM movement other than the new business CSM.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   30


Table of Contents

Our reporting currency for the Company is Canadian dollars and U.S. dollars is the functional currency for Asia and U.S. segment results. Financial measures presented in U.S. dollars are calculated in the same manner as the Canadian dollar measures. These amounts are translated to U.S. dollars using the period end rate of exchange for financial measures such as AUMA and the CSM balance and the average rates of exchange for the respective quarter for periodic financial measures such as our income statement, core earnings and items excluded from core earnings, and line items in our CSM movement schedule and DOE. Year-to-date or full year periodic financial measures presented in U.S. dollars are calculated as the sum of the quarterly results translated to U.S. dollars. See section E5 “Quarterly Financial Information” below for the Canadian to U.S. dollar quarterly rates of exchange.

Non-GAAP financial measures and non-GAAP ratios are not standardized financial measures under GAAP and, therefore, might not be comparable to similar financial measures disclosed by other issuers. Therefore, they should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any other financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Core earnings (loss) is a financial measure which we believe aids investors in better understanding the long-term earnings capacity and valuation of the business. Core earnings allows investors to focus on the Company’s operating performance by excluding the impact of market related gains or losses, changes in actuarial methods and assumptions that flow directly through income as well as a number of other items, outlined below, that we believe are material, but do not reflect the underlying earnings capacity of the business. For example, due to the long-term nature of our business, the mark-to-market movements in equity markets, interest rates including impacts on hedge accounting ineffectiveness, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices as well as the change in the fair value of ALDA from period-to-period can, and frequently do, have a substantial impact on the reported amounts of our assets, insurance contract liabilities and net income attributed to shareholders. These reported amounts may not be realized if markets move in the opposite direction in a subsequent period. This makes it very difficult for investors to evaluate how our businesses are performing from period-to-period and to compare our performance with other issuers.

We believe that core earnings better reflect the underlying earnings capacity and valuation of our business. We use core earnings and core EPS as key metrics in our short-term incentive plans at the total Company and operating segment level. We also base our mid- and long-term strategic priorities on core earnings.

Core earnings includes the expected return on our invested assets and any other gains (charges) from market experience are included in net income but excluded from core earnings. The expected return for fixed income assets is based on the related book yields. For ALDA and public equities, the expected return reflects our long-term view of asset class performance. These returns for ALDA and public equities vary by asset class and range from 3.25% to 11.5%, leading to an average return of between 9.0% to 9.5% on these assets as of March 31, 2024.

While core earnings is relevant to how we manage our business and offers a consistent methodology, it is not insulated from macroeconomic factors which can have a significant impact. See below for a reconciliation of core earnings to net income attributed to shareholders and income before income taxes. Net income attributed to shareholders excludes net income attributed to participating policyholders and non-controlling interests.

Any future changes to the core earnings definition referred to below, will be disclosed.

Items included in core earnings:

 

1.

Expected insurance service result on in-force policies, including expected release of the risk adjustment, CSM recognized for service provided, and expected earnings from short-term products measured under the premium allocation approach (“PAA”).

 

2.

Impacts from the initial recognition of new contracts (onerous contracts, including the impact of the associated reinsurance contracts).

 

3.

Insurance experience gains or losses that flow directly through net income.

 

4.

Operating and investment expenses compared with expense assumptions used in the measurement of insurance and investment contract liabilities.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   31


Table of Contents
5.

Expected investment earnings, which is the difference between expected return on our invested assets and the associated finance income or expense from the insurance contract liabilities.

 

6.

Net provision for ECL on FVOCI and amortized cost debt instruments.

 

7.

Expected asset returns on surplus investments.

 

8.

All earnings for the Global WAM segment, except for applicable net income items excluded from core earnings as noted below.

 

9.

All earnings for the Manulife Bank business, except for applicable net income items excluded from core earnings as noted below.

 

10.

Routine or non-material legal settlements.

 

11.

All other items not specifically excluded.

 

12.

Tax on the above items.

 

13.

All tax related items except the impact of enacted or substantively enacted income tax rate changes and taxes on items excluded from core earnings.

Net income items excluded from core earnings:

 

1.

Market experience gains (losses) including the items listed below:

 

•    Gains (charges) on general fund public equity and ALDA investments from returns being different than expected.

•    Gains (charges) on derivatives not in hedging relationships, or gains (charges) resulting from hedge accounting ineffectiveness.

•    Realized gains (charges) from the sale of FVOCI debt instruments.

•    Market related gains (charges) on onerous contracts measured using the variable fee approach (e.g. variable annuities, unit linked, participating insurance) net of the performance on any related hedging instruments.

•    Gains (charges) related to certain changes in foreign exchange rates.

 

2.

Changes in actuarial methods and assumptions used in the measurement of insurance contract liabilities that flow directly through income.

 

•    The Company reviews actuarial methods and assumptions annually, and this process is designed to reduce the Company’s exposure to uncertainty by ensuring assumptions remain appropriate. This is accomplished by monitoring experience and selecting assumptions which represent a current view of expected future experience and ensuring that the risk adjustment is appropriate for the risks assumed.

•    Changes related to the ultimate spot rate within the discount curves are included in the market experience gains (losses).

 

3.

The impact on the measurement of insurance and investment contract assets and liabilities and reinsurance contract held assets and liabilities from changes in product features and new or changes to in-force reinsurance contracts, if material.

 

4.

The fair value changes in long-term investment plan (“LTIP”) obligations for Global WAM investment management.

 

5.

Goodwill impairment charges.

 

6.

Gains or losses on acquisition and disposition of a business.

 

7.

Material one-time only adjustments, including highly unusual / extraordinary and material legal settlements and restructuring charges, or other items that are material and exceptional in nature.

 

8.

Tax on the above items.

 

9.

Net income (loss) attributed to participating shareholders and non-controlling interests.

 

10.

Impact of enacted or substantially enacted income tax rate changes.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   32


Table of Contents

Reconciliation of core earnings to net income attributed to shareholders

 

     1Q24  

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange

rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless

otherwise stated)

   Asia      Canada      U.S.      Global
WAM
     Corporate
and Other
     Total  
                 

Income (loss) before income taxes

   $ 594      $ 381      $  (154)      $ 426      $ 5      $ 1,252  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

                 

Core earnings

     (67)        (91)        (103)        (58)        33        (286)  

Items excluded from core earnings

     (83)        8        149        (3)        (65)        6  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

     (150)        (83)        46        (61)        (32)        (280)  

Net income (post-tax)

     444        298        (108)        365        (27)        972  

Less: Net income (post-tax) attributed to

                 

Non-controlling interests (“NCI”)

     55                                    55  

Participating policyholders

     26        25                             51  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders (post-tax)

     363        273        (108)        365        (27)        866  

Less: Items excluded from core earnings (post-tax)

                 

Market experience gains (losses)

     (250)        (91)        (534)        6        90        (779)  

Changes in actuarial methods and assumptions that flow directly through income

                                         

Restructuring charge

                                         

Reinsurance transactions, tax related items and other

     (44)               (26)        2        (41)        (109)  

Core earnings (post-tax)

   $ 657      $ 364      $ 452      $ 357      $ (76)      $ 1,754  

Income tax on core earnings (see above)

     67        91        103        58        (33)        286  

Core earnings (pre-tax)

   $ 724      $ 455      $ 555      $ 415      $ (109)      $   2,040  
Core earnings, CER basis and U.S. dollars                  
     1Q24  

(Canadian $ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign

exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period,

unless otherwise stated)

   Asia      Canada      U.S.      Global
WAM
     Corporate
and Other
     Total  

Core earnings (post-tax)

   $ 657      $ 364      $ 452      $ 357      $ (76)      $ 1,754  

CER adjustment(1)

                                         

Core earnings, CER basis (post-tax)

   $    657      $ 364      $ 452      $ 357      $ (76)      $ 1,754  

Income tax on core earnings, CER basis(2)

     67        91        103        58        (33)        286  

Core earnings, CER basis (pre-tax)

   $ 724      $ 455      $ 555      $ 415      $ (109)      $ 2,040  

Core earnings (U.S. dollars) – Asia and U.S. segments

                 

Core earnings (post-tax)(3), US $

   $ 488         $ 335           

CER adjustment US $(1)

                               

Core earnings, CER basis (post-tax), US $

   $ 488               $ 335           
(1) 

The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

(2) 

Income tax on core earnings adjusted to reflect the foreign exchange rates for the Statement of Income in effect for 1Q24.

(3) 

Core earnings (post-tax) in Canadian $ is translated to US $ using the US $ Statement of Income exchange rate for 1Q24.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   33


Table of Contents

Reconciliation of core earnings to net income attributed to shareholders

 

     4Q23  

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange

rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless

otherwise stated)

   Asia      Canada      U.S.      Global
WAM
     Corporate
and Other
     Total  

Income (loss) before income taxes

   $ 847      $ 498      $ 244      $ 424      $ 110      $ 2,123  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

                 

Core earnings

     (76)        (87)        (113)        (55)        37        (294)  

Items excluded from core earnings

     (33)        (29)        67        (3)        (30)        (28)  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

     (109)        (116)        (46)        (58)        7        (322)  

Net income (post-tax)

     738        382        198        366        117        1,801  

Less: Net income (post-tax) attributed to

                 

Non-controlling interests (“NCI”)

     37                      1        1        39  

Participating policyholders

     86        17                             103  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders (post-tax)

     615        365        198        365        116        1,659  

Less: Items excluded from core earnings (post-tax)

                 

Market experience gains (losses)

            9        (279)        51        86        (133)  

Changes in actuarial methods and assumptions that flow directly through income

     89        4        26                      119  

Restructuring charge

                          (36)               (36)  

Reinsurance transactions, tax related items and other

     (38)               (23)        (3)               (64)  

Core earnings (post-tax)

   $ 564      $ 352      $ 474      $ 353      $ 30      $ 1,773  

Income tax on core earnings (see above)

     76        87        113        55        (37)        294  

Core earnings (pre-tax)

   $ 640      $ 439      $ 587      $ 408      $ (7)      $   2,067  
Core earnings, CER basis and U.S. dollars                  
     4Q23  

(Canadian $ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign

exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period,

unless otherwise stated)

   Asia      Canada      U.S.      Global
WAM
     Corporate
and Other
     Total  

Core earnings (post-tax)

   $    564      $ 352      $ 474      $ 353      $ 30      $ 1,773  

CER adjustment(1)

     (7)               (4)        (2)        (1)        (14)  

Core earnings, CER basis (post-tax)

   $ 557      $ 352      $ 470      $ 351      $ 29      $ 1,759  

Income tax on core earnings, CER basis(2)

     76        87        112        55        (38)        292  

Core earnings, CER basis (pre-tax)

   $ 633      $ 439      $ 582      $ 406      $ (9)      $ 2,051  

Core earnings (U.S. dollars) – Asia and U.S. segments

                 

Core earnings (post-tax)(3), US $

   $ 414         $ 349           

CER adjustment US $(1)

     (1)                           

Core earnings, CER basis (post-tax), US $

   $ 413               $ 349           
(1) 

The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

(2) 

Income tax on core earnings adjusted to reflect the foreign exchange rates for the Statement of Income in effect for 1Q24.

(3) 

Core earnings (post-tax) in Canadian $ is translated to US $ using the US $ Statement of Income exchange rate for 4Q23.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   34


Table of Contents

Reconciliation of core earnings to net income attributed to shareholders

 

     3Q23  

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange

rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless

otherwise stated)

   Asia      Canada      U.S.      Global
WAM
     Corporate
and Other
     Total  

Income (loss) before income taxes

   $ 439      $ 376      $ 68      $ 366      $ (75)      $ 1,174  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

                 

Core earnings

     (62)        (109)        (93)        (59)        30        (293)  

Items excluded from core earnings

     (73)        15        97        11        294        344  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

     (135)        (94)        4        (48)        324        51  

Net income (post-tax)

     304        282        72        318        249        1,225  

Less: Net income (post-tax) attributed to

                 

Non-controlling interests (“NCI”)

     25                                    25  

Participating policyholders

     195        (8)                             187  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders (post-tax)

     84        290        72        318        249        1,013  

Less: Items excluded from core earnings (post-tax)

                 

Market experience gains (losses)

     (286)        (159)        (476)        (43)        (58)        (1,022)  

Changes in actuarial methods and assumptions that flow directly through income

     (157)        37        106                      (14)  

Restructuring charge

                                         

Reinsurance transactions, tax related items and other

     5        4                      297        306  

Core earnings (post-tax)

   $ 522      $ 408      $ 442      $ 361      $ 10      $ 1,743  

Income tax on core earnings (see above)

     62        109        93        59        (30)        293  

Core earnings (pre-tax)

   $ 584      $ 517      $ 535      $ 420      $ (20)      $ 2,036  
Core earnings, CER basis and U.S. dollars                  
     3Q23  

(Canadian $ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign

exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period,

unless otherwise stated)

   Asia      Canada      U.S.      Global
WAM
     Corporate
and Other
     Total  

Core earnings (post-tax)

   $    522      $ 408      $ 442      $ 361      $ 10      $   1,743  

CER adjustment(1)

     (1)               2        1               2  

Core earnings, CER basis (post-tax)

   $ 521      $ 408      $ 444      $ 362      $ 10      $ 1,745  

Income tax on core earnings, CER basis(2)

     61        109        94        59        (30)        293  

Core earnings, CER basis (pre-tax)

   $ 582      $ 517      $ 538      $ 421      $ (20)      $ 2,038  

Core earnings (U.S. dollars) – Asia and U.S. segments

                 

Core earnings (post-tax)(3), US $

   $ 390         $ 329           

CER adjustment US $(1)

     (4)                           

Core earnings, CER basis (post-tax), US $

   $ 386               $    329           
(1) 

The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

(2) 

Income tax on core earnings adjusted to reflect the foreign exchange rates for the Statement of Income in effect for 1Q24.

(3) 

Core earnings (post-tax) in Canadian $ is translated to US $ using the US $ Statement of Income exchange rate for 3Q23.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   35


Table of Contents

Reconciliation of core earnings to net income attributed to shareholders

 

     2Q23  

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange

rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless

otherwise stated)

   Asia      Canada      U.S.      Global
WAM
     Corporate
and Other
     Total  

Income (loss) before income taxes

   $ 345      $ 312      $ 220      $ 362      $ 197      $ 1,436  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

                 

Core earnings

     (73)        (97)        (110)        (45)        18        (307)  

Items excluded from core earnings

     (18)        33        73        1        (47)        42  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

     (91)        (64)        (37)        (44)        (29)        (265)  

Net income (post-tax)

     254        248        183        318           168        1,171  

Less: Net income (post-tax) attributed to

                 

Non-controlling interests (“NCI”)

     25                      1               26  

Participating policyholders

     99        21                             120  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders (post-tax)

     130        227        183        317        168        1,025  

Less: Items excluded from core earnings (post-tax)

                 

Market experience gains (losses)

     (297)        (147)        (275)        (7)        156        (570)  

Changes in actuarial methods and assumptions that flow directly through income

                                         

Restructuring charge

                                         

Reinsurance transactions, tax related items and other

     (46)                      4               (42)  

Core earnings (post-tax)

   $ 473      $ 374      $ 458      $ 320      $ 12      $ 1,637  

Income tax on core earnings (see above)

     73        97        110        45        (18)        307  

Core earnings (pre-tax)

   $ 546      $ 471      $ 568      $   365      $ (6)      $ 1,944  
Core earnings, CER basis and U.S. dollars                  
     2Q23  

(Canadian $ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign

exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period,

unless otherwise stated)

   Asia      Canada      U.S.      Global
WAM
     Corporate
and Other
     Total  

Core earnings (post-tax)

   $ 473      $ 374      $ 458      $ 320      $ 12      $ 1,637  

CER adjustment(1)

     (11)        1        2                      (8)  

Core earnings, CER basis (post-tax)

   $ 462      $ 375      $ 460      $ 320      $ 12      $ 1,629  

Income tax on core earnings, CER basis(2)

     70        97        110        45        (17)        305  

Core earnings, CER basis (pre-tax)

   $ 532      $    472      $    570      $ 365      $ (5)      $   1,934  

Core earnings (U.S. dollars) – Asia and U.S. segments

                 

Core earnings (post-tax)(3), US $

   $ 353         $ 341           

CER adjustment US $(1)

     (9)                           

Core earnings, CER basis (post-tax), US $

   $    344               $ 341           
(1) 

The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

(2) 

Income tax on core earnings adjusted to reflect the foreign exchange rates for the Statement of Income in effect for 1Q24.

(3) 

Core earnings (post-tax) in Canadian $ is translated to US $ using the US $ Statement of Income exchange rate for 2Q23.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   36


Table of Contents

Reconciliation of core earnings to net income attributed to shareholders

 

     1Q23  

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange

rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless

otherwise stated)

   Asia      Canada      U.S.     

Global

WAM

    

Corporate

and Other

     Total  
                 

Income (loss) before income taxes

   $ 613      $ 423      $ 219      $ 345      $ 119      $ 1,719  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

                 

Core earnings

     (68)        (85)        (86)        (45)        14        (270)  

Items excluded from core earnings

     (37)        (14)        53        (3)        (38)        (39)  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

     (105)        (99)        (33)        (48)        (24)        (309)  

Net income (post-tax)

     508        324        186        297        95        1,410  

Less: Net income (post-tax) attributed to

                 

Non-controlling interests (“NCI”)

     54                                    54  

Participating policyholders

     (65)        15                             (50)  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders (post-tax)

     519        309        186        297        95        1,406  

Less: Items excluded from core earnings (post-tax)

                 

Market experience gains (losses)

     30        (44)        (166)        9        106        (65)  

Changes in actuarial methods and assumptions that flow directly through income

                                         

Restructuring charge

                                         

Reinsurance transactions, tax related items and other

                   (33)        1        (28)        (60)  

Core earnings (post-tax)

   $ 489      $ 353      $ 385      $ 287      $ 17      $ 1,531  

Income tax on core earnings (see above)

     68        85        86        45        (14)        270  

Core earnings (pre-tax)

   $    557      $ 438      $ 471      $ 332      $ 3      $    1,801  
Core earnings, CER basis and U.S. dollars                  
     1Q23  

(Canadian $ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign

exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period,

unless otherwise stated)

   Asia      Canada      U.S.     

Global

WAM

    

Corporate

and Other

     Total  
                                           

Core earnings (post-tax)

   $ 489      $  353      $ 385      $ 287      $ 17      $ 1,531  

CER adjustment(1)

     (16)               (1)        (1)               (18)  

Core earnings, CER basis (post-tax)

   $ 473      $ 353      $ 384      $ 286      $ 17      $ 1,513  

Income tax on core earnings, CER basis(2)

     66        85        85        45        (14)        267  

Core earnings, CER basis (pre-tax)

   $ 539      $ 438      $    469      $ 331      $ 3      $ 1,780  

Core earnings (U.S. dollars) – Asia and U.S. segments

                 

Core earnings (post-tax)(3), US $

   $ 361         $ 285           

CER adjustment US $(1)

     (10)                           

Core earnings, CER basis (post-tax), US $

   $ 351               $ 285           
(1) 

The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

(2) 

Income tax on core earnings adjusted to reflect the foreign exchange rates for the Statement of Income in effect for 1Q24.

(3) 

Core earnings (post-tax) in Canadian $ is translated to US $ using the US $ Statement of Income exchange rate for 1Q23.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   37


Table of Contents

Reconciliation of core earnings to net income attributed to shareholders

 

     2023  

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange

rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless

otherwise stated)

   Asia      Canada      U.S.     

Global

WAM

    

Corporate

and Other

     Total  
                 

Income (loss) before income taxes

   $ 2,244      $  1,609      $ 751      $  1,497      $  351      $  6,452  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

                 

Core earnings

     (279)        (378)        (402)        (204)        99        (1,164)  

Items excluded from core earnings

     (161)        5        290        6        179        319  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

     (440)        (373)        (112)        (198)        278        (845)  

Net income (post-tax)

     1,804        1,236        639        1,299        629        5,607  

Less: Net income (post-tax) attributed to

                 

Non-controlling interests (“NCI”)

     141                      2        1        144  

Participating policyholders

     315        45                             360  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders (post-tax)

     1,348        1,191        639        1,297        628        5,103  

Less: Items excluded from core earnings (post-tax)

                 

Market experience gains (losses)

     (553)        (341)        (1,196)        10        290        (1,790)  

Changes in actuarial methods and assumptions that flow directly through income

     (68)        41        132                      105  

Restructuring charge

                          (36)               (36)  

Reinsurance transactions, tax related items and other

     (79)        4        (56)        2           269        140  

Core earnings (post-tax)

   $ 2,048      $ 1,487      $ 1,759      $ 1,321      $ 69      $ 6,684  

Income tax on core earnings (see above)

        279           378        402          204        (99)        1,164  

Core earnings (pre-tax)

   $ 2,327      $ 1,865      $ 2,161      $ 1,525      $ (30)      $ 7,848  
Core earnings, CER basis and U.S. dollars                  
     2023  

(Canadian $ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign

exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period,

unless otherwise stated)

   Asia      Canada      U.S.     

Global

WAM

    

Corporate

and Other

     Total  
                                           

Core earnings (post-tax)

   $ 2,048      $ 1,487      $ 1,759      $ 1,321      $ 69      $ 6,684  

CER adjustment(1)

     (35)               (1)        (2)               (38)  

Core earnings, CER basis (post-tax)

   $ 2,013      $ 1,487      $ 1,758      $ 1,319      $ 69      $ 6,646  

Income tax on core earnings, CER basis(2)

     273        378           401        204        (99)        1,157  

Core earnings, CER basis (pre-tax)

   $ 2,286      $ 1,865      $ 2,159      $ 1,523      $ (30)      $ 7,803  

Core earnings (U.S. dollars) – Asia and U.S. segments

                 

Core earnings (post-tax)(3), US $

   $ 1,518         $ 1,304           

CER adjustment US $(1)

     (24)                           

Core earnings, CER basis (post-tax), US $

   $ 1,494               $ 1,304           
(1) 

The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

(2) 

Income tax on core earnings adjusted to reflect the foreign exchange rates for the Statement of Income in effect for 1Q24.

(3) 

Core earnings (post-tax) in Canadian $ is translated to US $ using the US $ Statement of Income exchange rate for the four respective quarters that make up 2023 core earnings.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   38


Table of Contents

Segment core earnings by business line or geographic source

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

Asia

 

     Quarterly Results     

Full Year   

Results   

             
(US $ millions)    1Q24      4Q23      3Q23      2Q23      1Q23      2023   

Hong Kong

   $ 241      $ 218      $ 190      $ 161      $ 159      $ 728  

Japan

     102        79        87        81        62        309  

Asia Other(1)

     151        119        119        119        137        494  

International High Net Worth

                      72  

Mainland China

                      49  

Singapore

                      161  

Vietnam

                      133  

Other Emerging Markets(2)

                      79  

Regional Office

     (6)        (2)        (6)        (8)        3        (13)  

Total Asia core earnings

   $ 488      $ 414      $ 390      $ 353      $ 361      $ 1,518   

(1)  Core earnings for Asia Other is reported by country annually, on a full year basis.

(2)  Other Emerging Markets includes Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia and Myanmar.

   

   

     Quarterly Results     

Full Year   

Results   

             
(US $ millions), CER basis(1)    1Q24      4Q23      3Q23      2Q23      1Q23      2023   

Hong Kong

   $ 241      $ 216      $ 191      $ 161      $ 159      $ 727  

Japan

     102        78        84        75        55        292  

Asia Other(2)

     151        121        117        115        134        487  

International High Net Worth

                      72  

Mainland China

                      48  

Singapore

                      161  

Vietnam

                      130  

Other Emerging Markets(3)

                      76  

Regional Office

     (6)        (2)        (6)        (8)        3        (13)  

Total Asia core earnings, CER basis

   $ 488      $ 413      $ 386      $ 343      $ 351      $ 1,493   

(1)  Core earnings adjusted to reflect the foreign exchange rates for the Statement of Income in effect for 1Q24.

(2)  Core earnings for Asia Other is reported by country annually, on a full year basis.

(3)  Other Emerging Markets includes Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia and Myanmar.

 

Canada

 

   

   

   

 

     Quarterly Results     

Full Year   

Results   

             

(Canadian $ in millions)

     1Q24        4Q23        3Q23        2Q23        1Q23        2023  

Insurance

   $ 266      $ 258      $ 310      $ 276      $ 257      $ 1,101  

Annuities

     53        48        48        55        53        204  

Manulife Bank

     45        46        50        43        43        182  

Total Canada core earnings

   $ 364      $ 352      $ 408      $ 374      $ 353      $ 1,487   

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   39


Table of Contents

U.S.

 

     Quarterly Results     

Full Year   

Results   

             

(US $ in millions)

     1Q24        4Q23        3Q23        2Q23        1Q23        2023  

U.S. Insurance

   $ 286      $ 300      $ 283      $ 293      $ 257      $ 1,133  

U.S. Annuities

     49        49        46        48        28        171  

Total U.S. core earnings

   $ 335      $ 349      $ 329      $ 341      $ 285      $ 1,304   

Global WAM by business line

 

     Quarterly Results     

Full Year   

Results   

             

(Canadian $ in millions)

     1Q24        4Q23        3Q23        2Q23        1Q23        2023  

Retirement

   $ 202      $ 203      $ 192      $ 186      $ 164      $ 745  

Retail

     131        127        135        119        121        502  

Institutional asset management

     24        23        34        15        2        74  

Total Global WAM core earnings

   $ 357      $ 353      $ 361      $ 320      $ 287      $ 1,321  
     Quarterly Results     

Full Year   

Results   

             

(Canadian $ in millions), CER basis(1)

     1Q24        4Q23        3Q23        2Q23        1Q23        2023  

Retirement

   $ 202      $ 201      $ 193      $ 186      $ 164      $ 744  

Retail

     131        127        135        119        120        501  

Institutional asset management

     24        23        34        15        2        74  

Total Global WAM core earnings, CER basis

   $ 357      $ 351      $ 362      $ 320      $ 286      $ 1,319   
(1)

Core earnings adjusted to reflect the foreign exchange rates for the Statement of Income in effect for 1Q24.

Global WAM by geographic source

 

     Quarterly Results     

Full Year   

Results   

             

(Canadian $ in millions)

     1Q24        4Q23        3Q23        2Q23        1Q23        2023  

Asia

   $ 108      $ 109      $ 108      $ 103      $ 84      $ 404  

Canada

     90        100        94        96        88        378  

U.S.

     159        144        159        121        115        539  

Total Global WAM core earnings

   $ 357      $ 353      $ 361      $ 320      $ 287      $ 1,321  
     Quarterly Results     

Full Year   

Results   

             

(Canadian $ in millions), CER basis(1)

     1Q24        4Q23        3Q23        2Q23        1Q23        2023  

Asia

   $ 108      $ 108      $ 108      $ 103      $ 83      $ 402  

Canada

     90        100        94        96        88        378  

U.S.

     159        143        160        121        115        539  

Total Global WAM core earnings, CER basis

   $ 357      $ 351      $ 362      $ 320      $ 286      $ 1,319   
(1)

Core earnings adjusted to reflect the foreign exchange rates for the Statement of Income in effect for 1Q24.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   40


Table of Contents

Core earnings available to common shareholders is a financial measure that is used in the calculation of core ROE and core EPS. It is calculated as core earnings (post-tax) less preferred share dividends and other equity distributions.

 

                                                                             

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign

exchange rates in effect in the

applicable reporting period, unless

otherwise stated)

  Quarterly Results    

Full Year

Results

 
  1Q24     4Q23     3Q23     2Q23    

1Q23

    2023  

Core earnings

  $ 1,754     $ 1,773     $ 1,743     $ 1,637     $ 1,531     $ 6,684  

Less: Preferred share dividends and other equity distributions

    55       99       54       98       52       303  

Core earnings available to common shareholders

    1,699       1,674       1,689       1,539       1,479       6,381  

CER adjustment(1)

          (14)       2       (8)       (18)       (38)  

Core earnings available to common shareholders, CER basis

  $    1,699     $     1,660     $     1,691     $     1,531     $     1,461     $     6,343  
(1)

The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

Core ROE measures profitability using core earnings available to common shareholders as a percentage of the capital deployed to earn the core earnings. The Company calculates core ROE using average common shareholders’ equity quarterly, as the average of common shareholders’ equity at the start and end of the quarter, and annually, as the average of the quarterly average common shareholders’ equity for the year.

 

    Quarterly Results    

Full Year

Results

 
($ millions, unless otherwise stated)   1Q24     4Q23     3Q23     2Q23     1Q23     2023  

Core earnings available to common shareholders

   $ 1,699     $ 1,674     $ 1,689     $ 1,539     $ 1,479     $ 6,381  

Annualized core earnings available to common shareholders (post-tax)

   $ 6,833     $ 6,641     $ 6,701     $ 6,173     $ 5,998     $ 6,381  

Average common shareholders’ equity (see below)

   $    40,984     $    40,563     $    39,897     $    39,881     $ 40,465     $    40,201  

Core ROE (annualized) (%)

    16.7%       16.4%       16.8%       15.5%       14.8%       15.9%  

Average common shareholders’ equity

             

Total shareholders’ and other equity

   $ 48,250     $ 47,039     $ 47,407     $ 45,707     $    47,375     $ 47,039  

Less: Preferred shares and other equity

    6,660       6,660       6,660       6,660       6,660       6,660  

Common shareholders’ equity

   $ 41,590     $ 40,379     $ 40,747     $ 39,047     $ 40,715     $ 40,379  

Average common shareholders’ equity

   $ 40,984     $ 40,563     $ 39,897     $ 39,881     $ 40,465     $ 40,201  

Core EPS is equal to core earnings available to common shareholders divided by diluted weighted average common shares outstanding.

Core earnings related to strategic priorities

The Company measures its progress on certain strategic priorities using core earnings, including core earnings from highest potential businesses. The core earnings for these businesses is calculated consistent with our definition of core earnings.

 

For the three months ended March 31,

($ millions and post-tax, unless otherwise stated)

  2024     2023  

Core earnings highest potential businesses(1)

  $ 1,180     $ 912  

Core earnings - All other businesses

    574       619  

Core earnings

      1,754           1,531  

Items excluded from core earnings

    (888)       (125)  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders

  $ 866     $ 1,406  

Highest potential businesses core earnings contribution

    67%       60%  
(1)

Includes core earnings from Asia and Global WAM segments, Canada Group Benefits, and behavioural insurance products.

The effective tax rate on core earnings is equal to income tax on core earnings divided by pre-tax core earnings.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   41


Table of Contents

Common share core dividend payout ratio is a ratio that measures the percentage of core earnings paid to common shareholders as dividends. It is calculated as dividends per common share divided by core EPS.

 

     Quarterly Results     

Full Year

Results

 
        
      1Q24      4Q23      3Q23      2Q23      1Q23      2023  

Per share dividend

   $ 0.40      $ 0.37      $ 0.37      $ 0.37      $ 0.37      $ 1.46  

Core EPS

   $    0.94      $    0.92      $    0.92      $    0.83      $    0.79      $    3.47  

Common share core dividend payout ratio

     43%        40%        40%        44%        46%        42%  

The Company also uses financial performance measures that are prepared on a constant exchange rate basis, which exclude the impact of currency fluctuations (from local currency to Canadian dollars at a total Company level and from local currency to U.S. dollars in Asia). Such financial measures may be stated on a constant exchange rate basis or the percentage growth/decline in the financial measure on a constant exchange rate basis, using the income statement and balance sheet exchange rates effective for the first quarter of 2024.

Information supporting constant exchange rate basis for GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures is presented below and throughout this section.

Basic EPS and diluted EPS, CER basis is equal to common shareholders’ net income on a CER basis divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding and diluted weighted common shares outstanding, respectively.

General expenses, CER basis

($ millions, and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

     Quarterly Results     

Full Year

Results

 
       1Q24       4Q23       3Q23       2Q23       1Q23       2023  

General expenses

   $ 1,102      $ 1,180      $ 1,042      $ 1,022      $ 1,086      $ 4,330  

CER adjustment(1)

            (8)        3        3        (3)        (5)  

General expenses, CER basis

   $   1,102      $   1,172      $   1,045      $   1,025      $   1,083      $   4,325  
(1)

The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

Net income attributed to shareholders excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction

Net income attributed to shareholders excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction is equal to net income attributed to shareholders less the impact of the GA Reinsurance Transaction. This was a significant transaction for the Company and we believe this measure will aid investors to better understand its impact on our overall results.

 

For the three months ended March 31,

($ millions and post-tax)

   2024  

Net income attributed to shareholders per financial statements

   $ 866  

Less: Net loss attributed to shareholders from the GA Reinsurance Transaction

       (767)  

Net income attributed to shareholders excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction

   $ 1,633  

Common shareholders net income excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction is a financial measure that is used in the calculation of ROE excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction and diluted EPS excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction. It is calculated as net income attributed to shareholders excluding the GA Reinsurance transaction less preferred share dividends and other equity distributions. ROE excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction measures profitability using common shareholders’ net income excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction as a percentage of the capital deployed to earn the net income attributed to shareholders. The Company calculates ROE excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction using average common shareholders’ equity quarterly, as the average of common shareholders’ equity at the start and end of the quarter, and annually, as the average of the quarterly average common shareholders’ equity for the year.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   42


Table of Contents

For the three months ended March 31,

($ millions, unless otherwise stated)

   2024  

Net income attributed to shareholders excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction

   $ 1,633  

Less: Preferred share dividends and other equity distributions

     55  

Common shareholders’ net income excluding the GA Reinsurance transaction

   $ 1,578  

Annualized common shareholders’ net income excluding the GA Reinsurance transaction

   $ 6,347  

Average Common shareholders’ equity

   $  40,984  

ROE excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction (annualized)

     15.5%  

Diluted EPS excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction is equal to common shareholders’ net income excluding the GA Reinsurance Transaction divided by diluted weighted average common shares outstanding.

Drivers of Earnings (DOE) is used to identify the primary sources of gains or losses in each reporting period. It is one of the key tools we use to understand and manage our business. The DOE line items are comprised of amounts that have been included in our financial statements. The core DOE shows the sources of core earnings and the items excluded from core earnings, reconciled to net income attributed to shareholders. The elements of the core earnings DOE are described below:

Net Insurance Service Result represents the core earnings associated with providing insurance service to policyholders within the period including:

 

   

Expected earnings on insurance contracts which includes the release of risk adjustment for expired non-financial risk, the CSM recognized for service provided and expected earnings on short-term PAA insurance business.

 

   

Impact of new insurance business relates to income at initial recognition from new insurance contracts. Losses would occur if the group of new insurance contracts was onerous at initial recognition. If reinsurance contracts provide coverage for the direct insurance contracts, then the loss is offset by a corresponding gain on reinsurance contracts held.

 

   

Insurance experience gains (losses) arise from items such as claims, persistency, and expenses, where the actual experience in the current period differs from the expected results assumed in the insurance and investment contract liabilities. Generally, this line would be driven by claims and expenses, as persistency experience relates to future service and would be offset by changes to the carrying amount of the contractual service margin unless the group is onerous, in which case the impact of persistency experience would be included in core earnings.

 

   

Other represents pre-tax net income on residual items in the insurance result section.

Net Investment Result represents the core earnings associated with investment results within the period. Note that results associated with Global WAM and Manulife Bank are shown on separate DOE lines. However, within the income statement, the results associated with these businesses would impact the total investment result. This section includes:

 

   

Expected investment earnings, which is the difference between expected asset returns and the associated finance income or expense from insurance and investment contract liabilities, net of investment expenses.

 

   

Change in expected credit loss, which is the gain or charge to net income attributed to shareholders for credit losses to bring the allowance for credit losses to a level management considers adequate for expected credit-related losses on its portfolio.

 

   

Expected earnings on surplus reflects the expected investment return on surplus assets.

 

   

Other represents pre-tax net income on residual items in the investment result section.

Global WAM is the pre-tax net income from the Global Wealth and Asset Management segment, adjusted for applicable items excluded from core earnings as noted in the core earnings (loss) section above.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   43


Table of Contents

Manulife Bank is the pre-tax net income from Manulife Bank, adjusted for applicable items excluded from core earnings as noted in the core earnings (loss) section above.

Other represents net income associated with items outside of the net insurance service result, net investment result, Global WAM and Manulife Bank. Other includes lines attributed to core earnings such as:

 

   

Non-directly attributable expenses are expenses incurred by the Company which are not directly attributable to fulfilling insurance contracts. Non-directly attributable expenses excludes non-directly attributable investment expenses as they are included in the net investment result.

 

   

Other represents pre-tax net income on residual items in the Other section. Most notably this would include the cost of financing debt issued by Manulife.

Net income attributed to shareholders includes the following items excluded from core earnings:

 

   

Market experience gains (losses) related to items excluded from core earnings that relate to changes in market variables.

 

   

Changes in actuarial methods and assumptions that flow directly through income related to updates in the methods and assumptions used to value insurance contract liabilities.

 

   

Restructuring charges includes a charge taken to reorganize operations.

 

   

Reinsurance transactions, tax-related items and other include the impacts of new or changes to in-force reinsurance contracts, the impact of enacted or substantially enacted income tax rate changes and other amounts defined as items excluded from core earnings not specifically captured in the lines above.

All of the above items are discussed in more detail in our definition of items excluded from core earnings.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   44


Table of Contents

Drivers of Earnings (“DOE”) Reconciliation – 1Q24

($ millions, pre-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

                                                                                               
     1Q24  
      Asia      Canada      U.S.     

Global

WAM

    

Corporate

and Other

     Total  
Net insurance service result reconciliation                                                

Total insurance service result – financial statements

   $ 547      $ 284      $ 119      $      $ 28      $ 978  

Less: Insurance service result attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     11        (3)        2               (1)        9  

NCI

     33                                    33  

Participating policyholders

     48        24                             72  

Core net insurance service result

     455        263        117               29        864  

Core net insurance service result, CER adjustment(1)

                                         

Core net insurance service result, CER basis

   $ 455      $ 263      $ 117      $      $ 29      $ 864  

Total investment result reconciliation

                                                     

Total investment result per financial statements

   $ 54      $ 453      $ (290)      $ (230)      $ 361      $ 348  

Less: Reclassify Manulife Bank(2) and Global WAM to their own DOE lines

            396               (230)               166  

Add: Consolidation and other adjustments from Other DOE line

            (1)                      (156)        (157)  

Less: Net investment result attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     (291)        (100)        (720)               106        (1,005)  

NCI

     40                                    40  

Participating policyholders

     (3)        7                             4  

Core net investment result

     308        149        430               99        986  

Core net investment result, CER adjustment(1)

                                         

Core net investment result, CER basis

   $ 308      $ 149      $ 430      $      $ 99      $ 986  

Manulife Bank and Global WAM by DOE line reconciliation

                                                     

Manulife Bank and Global WAM net income attributed to shareholders

   $      $ 65      $      $ 426      $      $ 491  

Less: Manulife Bank and Global WAM attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

            4               11               15  

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM

            61               415               476  

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM, CER adjustment(1)

                                         

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM, CER basis

   $      $ 61      $      $ 415      $      $ 476  
             

Other reconciliation

                                                     

Other revenue per financial statements

   $ 55      $ 75      $ 39      $ 1,750      $ (111)      $ 1,808  

General expenses per financial statements

     (56)        (142)        (21)        (743)        (140)        (1,102)  

Commission related to non-insurance contracts

            (18)        3        (349)        8        (356)  

Interest expense per financial statements

     (6)        (271)        (4)        (2)        (141)        (424)  

Total financial statements values included in Other

     (7)        (356)        17        656        (384)        (74)  

Less: Reclassifications:

                 

Manulife Bank and Global WAM to their own DOE lines

            (331)               656               325  

Consolidation and other adjustments to net investment result DOE line

            (1)                      (156)        (157)  

Less: Other attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     39        (3)        9               9        54  

NCI

                                         

Participating policyholders

     1                                    1  

Add: Par earnings transfer to shareholders

     8        3                             11  

Other core earnings

     (39)        (18)        8               (237)        (286)  

Other core earnings, CER adjustment(1)

                                         

Other core earnings, CER basis

   $ (39)      $ (18)      $ 8      $      $ (237)      $ (286)  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries reconciliation

                                                     

Income tax (expenses) recoveries per financial statements

   $ (150)      $ (83)      $ 46      $ (61)      $ (32)      $ (280)  

Less: Income tax (expenses) recoveries attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     (53)        11        149        (3)        (65)        39  

NCI

     (18)                                    (18)  

Participating policyholders

     (12)        (3)                             (15)  

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries

     (67)        (91)        (103)        (58)        33        (286)  

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries, CER adjustment(1)

                                         

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries, CER basis

   $ (67)      $ (91)      $ (103)      $ (58)      $ 33      $ (286)  

(1)  The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

(2)  Manulife Bank is part of Canada segment.

   

   

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   45


Table of Contents

Drivers of Earnings (“DOE”) Reconciliation – 4Q23

($ millions, pre-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

                                                                                               
     4Q23  
      Asia      Canada      U.S.     

Global

WAM

    

Corporate

and Other

     Total  
Net insurance service result reconciliation                                                

Total insurance service result – financial statements

   $ 644      $ 306      $ 195      $      $ 91      $ 1,236  

Less: Insurance service result attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     130        12        21               (2)        161  

NCI

     19                             1        20  

Participating policyholders

     60        39                             99  

Core net insurance service result

     435        255        174               92        956  

Core net insurance service result, CER adjustment(1)

     (4)               (1)               (2)        (7)  

Core net insurance service result, CER basis

   $ 431      $ 255      $ 173      $      $ 90      $ 949  

Total investment result reconciliation

                                                     

Total investment result per financial statements

   $ 285      $ 511      $ 72      $ (139)      $ 344      $ 1,073  

Less: Reclassify Manulife Bank(2) and Global WAM to their own DOE lines

            377               (139)               238  

Add: Consolidation and other adjustments from Other DOE line

            3                      (162)        (159)  

Less: Net investment result attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     (47)        9        (359)               39        (358)  

NCI

     37                                    37  

Participating policyholders

     50        (10)                             40  

Core net investment result

     245        138        431               143        957  

Core net investment result, CER adjustment(1)

     (3)               (4)                      (7)  

Core net investment result, CER basis

   $ 242      $ 138      $ 427      $      $ 143      $ 950  

Manulife Bank and Global WAM by DOE line reconciliation

                                                     

Manulife Bank and Global WAM net income attributed to shareholders

   $      $ 72      $      $ 424      $      $ 496  

Less: Manulife Bank and Global WAM attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

            8               16               24  

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM

            64               408               472  

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM, CER adjustment(1)

                          (2)               (2)  

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM, CER basis

   $      $ 64      $      $ 406      $      $ 470  
             

Other reconciliation

                                                     

Other revenue per financial statements

   $ (16)      $ 75      $ 8      $ 1,688      $ (36)      $ 1,719  

General expenses per financial statements

     (59)        (136)        (28)        (793)        (164)        (1,180)  

Commission related to non-insurance contracts

     (3)        (12)        1        (330)        9        (335)  

Interest expense per financial statements

     (4)        (246)        (4)        (2)        (134)        (390)  

Total financial statements values included in Other

     (82)        (319)        (23)        563        (325)        (186)  

Less: Reclassifications:

                 

Manulife Bank and Global WAM to their own DOE lines

            (305)               564               259  

Consolidation and other adjustments to net investment result DOE line

            3                      (162)        (159)  

Less: Other attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     (26)        4        (5)        (2)        79        50  

NCI

     (2)                      1               (1)  

Participating policyholders

     (4)        (1)                             (5)  

Add: Par earnings transfer to shareholders

     10        2                             12  

Other core earnings

     (40)        (18)        (18)               (242)        (318)  

Other core earnings, CER adjustment(1)

                                         

Other core earnings, CER basis

   $ (40)      $ (18)      $ (18)      $      $ (242)      $ (318)  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries reconciliation

                                                     

Income tax (expenses) recoveries per financial statements

   $ (109)      $ (116)      $ (46)      $ (58)      $ 7      $ (322)  

Less: Income tax (expenses) recoveries attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     (6)        (20)        67        (3)        (30)        8  

NCI

     (17)                                    (17)  

Participating policyholders

     (10)        (9)                             (19)  

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries

     (76)        (87)        (113)        (55)        37        (294)  

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries, CER adjustment(1)

                   1               1        2  

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries, CER basis

   $ (76)      $ (87)      $ (112)      $ (55)      $ 38      $ (292)  
(1) 

The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

(2) 

Manulife Bank is part of Canada segment.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   46


Table of Contents

Drivers of Earnings (“DOE”) Reconciliation – 3Q23

($ millions, pre-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

                                                                                               
     3Q23  
      Asia      Canada      U.S.     

Global

WAM

    

Corporate

and Other

     Total  
Net insurance service result reconciliation                                                

Total insurance service result – financial statements

   $ 467      $ 366      $ 108      $      $ 64      $ 1,005  

Less: Insurance service result attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     (112)        11        (51)               (1)        (153)  

NCI

     15                                    15  

Participating policyholders

     177        21                             198  

Core net insurance service result

     387        334        159               65        945  

Core net insurance service result, CER adjustment(1)

                                         

Core net insurance service result, CER basis

   $ 387      $ 334      $ 159      $      $ 65      $ 945  

Total investment result reconciliation

                                                     

Total investment result per financial statements

   $ 4      $ 389      $ (45)      $ (303)      $ 273      $ 318  

Less: Reclassify Manulife Bank(2) and Global WAM to their own DOE lines

            380               (303)               77  

Add: Consolidation and other adjustments from Other DOE line

            (23)                      (131)        (154)  

Less: Net investment result attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     (274)        (130)        (418)               (5)        (827)  

NCI

     17                                    17  

Participating policyholders

     28        (21)                             7  

Core net investment result

     233        137        373               147        890  

Core net investment result, CER adjustment(1)

     (2)               2                       

Core net investment result, CER basis

   $ 231      $ 137      $ 375      $      $ 147      $ 890  

Manulife Bank and Global WAM by DOE line reconciliation

                                                     

Manulife Bank and Global WAM net income attributed to shareholders

   $      $ 55      $      $ 365      $      $ 420  

Less: Manulife Bank and Global WAM attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

            (11)               (55)               (66)  

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM

            66               420               486  

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM, CER adjustment(1)

                          1               1  

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM, CER basis

   $      $ 66      $      $ 421      $      $ 487  
             

Other reconciliation

                                                     

Other revenue per financial statements

   $ 26      $ 53      $ 31      $ 1,709      $ (174)      $ 1,645  

General expenses per financial statements

     (52)        (128)        (29)        (703)        (129)        (1,041)  

Commission related to non-insurance contracts

     (3)        (14)        6        (334)        9        (336)  

Interest expense per financial statements

     (3)        (290)        (3)        (1)        (119)        (416)  

Total financial statements values included in Other

     (32)        (379)        5        671        (413)        (148)  

Less: Reclassifications:

                 

Manulife Bank and Global WAM to their own DOE lines

            (325)               670               345  

Consolidation and other adjustments to net investment result DOE line

            (23)                      (132)        (155)  

Less: Other attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     5        (4)        2               (49)        (46)  

NCI

     2                      1               3  

Participating policyholders

     3        (5)                             (2)  

Add: Par earnings transfer to shareholders

     6        2                             8  

Other core earnings

     (36)        (20)        3               (232)        (285)  

Other core earnings, CER adjustment(1)

                   1                      1  

Other core earnings, CER basis

   $ (36)      $ (20)      $ 4      $      $ (232)      $ (284)  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries reconciliation

                                                     

Income tax (expenses) recoveries per financial statements

   $ (135)      $ (94)      $ 4      $ (48)      $ 324      $ 51  

Less: Income tax (expenses) recoveries attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     (58)        16        97        12        294        361  

NCI

     (9)                      (1)               (10)  

Participating policyholders

     (6)        (1)                             (7)  

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries

     (62)        (109)        (93)        (59)        30        (293)  

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries, CER adjustment(1)

     1               (1)                       

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries, CER basis

   $ (61)      $ (109)      $ (94)      $ (59)      $ 30      $ (293)  
(1) 

The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

(2) 

Manulife Bank is part of Canada segment.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   47


Table of Contents

Drivers of Earnings (“DOE”) Reconciliation – 2Q23

($ millions, pre-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

                                                                                               
     2Q23  
      Asia      Canada      U.S.      Global
WAM
    

Corporate

and Other

     Total  
Net insurance service result reconciliation                                                

Total insurance service result – financial statements

   $ 460      $ 262      $ 131      $      $ 34      $ 887  

Less: Insurance service result attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     (44)        (4)        (26)               1        (73)  

NCI

     13                                    13  

Participating policyholders

     122        21                             143  

Core net insurance service result

     369        245        157               33        804  

Core net insurance service result, CER adjustment(1)

     (7)        (1)        2               1        (5)  

Core net insurance service result, CER basis

   $ 362      $ 244      $ 159      $      $ 34      $ 799  

Total investment result reconciliation

                                                     

Total investment result per financial statements

   $ (96)      $ 354      $ 105      $ (244)      $ 478      $ 597  

Less: Reclassify Manulife Bank(2) and Global WAM to their own DOE lines

            342               (244)               98  

Add: Consolidation and other adjustments from Other DOE line

                                 (127)        (127)  

Less: Net investment result attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     (318)        (184)        (319)               183        (638)  

NCI

     14                                    14  

Participating policyholders

     (7)        14                             7  

Core net investment result

     215        182        424               168        989  

Core net investment result, CER adjustment(1)

     (8)        1        1                      (6)  

Core net investment result, CER basis

   $ 207      $ 183      $ 425      $      $ 168      $ 983  

Manulife Bank and Global WAM by DOE line reconciliation

                                                     

Manulife Bank and Global WAM net income attributed to shareholders

   $      $ 59      $      $ 362      $      $ 421  

Less: Manulife Bank and Global WAM attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

                          (3)               (3)  

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM

            59               365               424  

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM, CER adjustment(1)

                                         

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM, CER basis

   $      $ 59      $      $ 365      $      $ 424  
             

Other reconciliation

                                                     

Other revenue per financial statements

   $ 47      $ 72      $ 16      $ 1,647      $ (91)      $ 1,691  

General expenses per financial statements

     (61)        (127)        (25)        (709)        (101)        (1,023)  

Commission related to non-insurance contracts

     (2)        (13)        (3)        (329)        11        (336)  

Interest expense per financial statements

     (3)        (236)        (4)        (5)        (133)        (381)  

Total financial statements values included in Other

     (19)        (304)        (16)        604        (314)        (49)  

Less: Reclassifications:

                 

Manulife Bank and Global WAM to their own DOE lines

            (283)               604               321  

Consolidation and other adjustments to net investment result DOE line

                                 (126)        (126)  

Less: Other attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     23        (1)        (3)               19        38  

NCI

     4                                    4  

Participating policyholders

     1        (3)                             (2)  

Add: Par earnings transfer to shareholders

     9        2                             11  

Other core earnings

     (38)        (15)        (13)               (207)        (273)  

Other core earnings, CER adjustment(1)

     1        1        (1)                      1  

Other core earnings, CER basis

   $ (37)      $ (14)      $ (14)      $      $ (207)      $ (272)  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries reconciliation

                                                     

Income tax (expenses) recoveries per financial statements

   $ (91)      $ (64)      $ (37)      $ (44)      $ (29)      $ (265)  

Less: Income tax (expenses) recoveries attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     (4)        42        73        1        (47)        65  

NCI

     (6)                                    (6)  

Participating policyholders

     (8)        (9)                             (17)  

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries

     (73)        (97)        (110)        (45)        18        (307)  

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries, CER adjustment(1)

     3                             (1)        2  

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries, CER basis

   $ (70)      $ (97)      $ (110)      $ (45)      $ 17      $ (305)  

(1)  The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

(2)  Manulife Bank is part of Canada segment.

   

   

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   48


Table of Contents

Drivers of Earnings (“DOE”) Reconciliation – 1Q23

($ millions, pre-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

                                                                                               
     1Q23  
      Asia      Canada      U.S.      Global
WAM
    

Corporate

and Other

     Total  
Net insurance service result reconciliation                                                

Total insurance service result – financial statements

   $ 370      $ 259      $ 173      $      $ 47      $ 849  

Less: Insurance service result attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     26               1               (1)        26  

NCI

     40                                    40  

Participating policyholders

     (51)        26                             (25)  

Core net insurance service result

     355        233        172               48        808  

Core net insurance service result, CER adjustment(1)

     (9)               (1)                      (10)  

Core net insurance service result, CER basis

   $ 346      $ 233      $ 171      $      $ 48      $ 798  

Total investment result reconciliation

                                                     

Total investment result per financial statements

   $ 285      $ 463      $ 101      $ (260)      $ 381      $ 970  

Less: Reclassify Manulife Bank(2) and Global WAM to their own DOE lines

            346               (260)               86  

Add: Consolidation and other adjustments from Other DOE line

                                 (137)        (137)  

Less: Net investment result attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     34        (40)        (200)               81        (125)  

NCI

     24                                    24  

Participating policyholders

     3                                    3  

Core net investment result

     224        157        301               163        845  

Core net investment result, CER adjustment(1)

     (11)                                    (11)  

Core net investment result, CER basis

   $ 213      $ 157      $ 301      $      $ 163      $ 834  

Manulife Bank and Global WAM by DOE line reconciliation

                                                     

Manulife Bank and Global WAM net income attributed to shareholders

   $      $ 65      $      $ 345      $      $ 410  

Less: Manulife Bank and Global WAM attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

            5               13               18  

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM

            60               332               392  

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM, CER adjustment(1)

                          (1)               (1)  

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM, CER basis

   $      $ 60      $      $ 331      $      $ 391  
             

Other reconciliation

                                                     

Other revenue per financial statements

   $ 10      $ 72      $ 24      $ 1,665      $ (80)      $ 1,691  

General expenses per financial statements

     (48)        (123)        (74)        (726)        (115)        (1,086)  

Commission related to non-insurance contracts

     (2)        (16)        (1)        (329)        10        (338)  

Interest expense per financial statements

     (2)        (232)        (4)        (5)        (124)        (367)  

Total financial statements values included in Other

     (42)        (299)        (55)        605        (309)        (100)  

Less: Reclassifications:

                 

Manulife Bank and Global WAM to their own DOE lines

            (281)               605               324  

Consolidation and other adjustments to net investment result DOE line

                                 (137)        (137)  

Less: Other attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     (9)        (1)        (53)               36        (27)  

NCI

                                         

Participating policyholders

     (2)        (3)                             (5)  

Add: Par earnings transfer to shareholders

     9        2                             11  

Other core earnings

     (22)        (12)        (2)               (208)        (244)  

Other core earnings, CER adjustment(1)

     2               (1)                      1  

Other core earnings, CER basis

   $ (20)      $ (12)      $ (3)      $      $ (208)      $ (243)  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries reconciliation

                                                     

Income tax (expenses) recoveries per financial statements

   $ (105)      $ (99)      $ (33)      $ (48)      $ (24)      $ (309)  

Less: Income tax (expenses) recoveries attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     (21)        (8)        53        (3)        (38)        (17)  

NCI

     (10)                                    (10)  

Participating policyholders

     (6)        (6)                             (12)  

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries

     (68)        (85)        (86)        (45)        14        (270)  

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries, CER adjustment(1)

     2               1                      3  

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries, CER basis

   $ (66)      $ (85)      $ (85)      $ (45)      $ 14      $ (267)  

(1)  The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

(2)  Manulife Bank is part of Canada segment.

   

   

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   49


Table of Contents

Drivers of Earnings (“DOE”) Reconciliation – 2023

($ millions, pre-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

                                                                                               
     2023  
      Asia      Canada      U.S.      Global
WAM
    

Corporate

and Other

     Total  
Net insurance service result reconciliation                                                

Total insurance service result – financial statements

   $ 1,941      $ 1,193      $ 607      $      $ 236      $ 3,977  

Less: Insurance service result attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

            19        (55)               (3)        (39)  

NCI

     87                             1        88  

Participating policyholders

     308        107                             415  

Core net insurance service result

   $ 1,546      $ 1,067      $ 662      $      $ 238      $ 3,513  

Core net insurance service result, CER adjustment(1)

     (20)                             (1)        (21)  

Core net insurance service result, CER basis

   $ 1,526      $ 1,067      $ 662      $      $ 237      $ 3,492  

Total investment result reconciliation

                                                     

Total investment result per financial statements

   $ 478      $ 1,717      $ 233      $ (946)      $ 1,476      $ 2,958  

Less: Reclassify Manulife Bank(2) and Global WAM to their own DOE lines

            1,445               (946)               499  

Add: Consolidation and other adjustments from Other DOE line

            (20)                      (557)        (577)  

Less: Net investment result attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     (605)        (345)        (1,296)               298        (1,948)  

NCI

     92                                    92  

Participating policyholders

     74        (17)                             57  

Core net investment result

     917        614        1,529               621        3,681  

Core net investment result, CER adjustment(1)

     (24)               (2)               1        (25)  

Core net investment result, CER basis

   $ 893      $ 614      $ 1,527      $      $ 622      $ 3,656  

Manulife Bank and Global WAM by DOE line reconciliation

                                                     

Manulife Bank and Global WAM net income attributed to shareholders

            251               1,496               1,747  

Less: Manulife Bank and Global WAM attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

            2               (29)               (27)  

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM

            249               1,525               1,774  

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM, CER adjustment(1)

                          (2)               (2)  

Core earnings in Manulife Bank and Global WAM, CER basis

   $      $ 249      $      $ 1,523      $      $ 1,772  
             

Other reconciliation

                                                     

Other revenue per financial statements

   $ 67      $ 272      $ 79      $ 6,709      $ (381)      $ 6,746  

General expenses per financial statements

     (220)        (514)        (156)        (2,931)        (509)        (4,330)  

Commission related to non-insurance contracts

     (10)        (55)        3        (1,322)        39        (1,345)  

Interest expense per financial statements

     (12)        (1,004)        (15)        (13)        (510)        (1,554)  

Total financial statements values included in Other

     (175)        (1,301)        (89)        2,443        (1,361)        (483)  

Less: Reclassifications:

                 

Manulife Bank and Global WAM to their own DOE lines

            (1,194)               2,443               1,249  

Consolidation and other adjustments to net investment result DOE line

            (20)                      (557)        (577)  

Less: Other attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     (7)        (2)        (59)        (2)        85        15  

NCI

     4                      2               6  

Participating policyholders

     (2)        (12)                             (14)  

Add: Par earnings transfer to shareholders

     34        8                             42  

Other core earnings

     (136)        (65)        (30)               (889)        (1,120)  

Other core earnings, CER adjustment(1)

     3                                    3  

Other core earnings, CER basis

   $ (133)      $ (65)      $ (30)      $      $ (889)      $ (1,117)  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries reconciliation

                                                     

Income tax (expenses) recoveries per financial statements

   $ (440)      $ (373)      $ (112)      $ (198)      $ 278      $ (845)  

Less: Income tax (expenses) recoveries attributed to:

                 

Items excluded from core earnings

     (89)        30        290        7        179        417  

NCI

     (42)                      (1)               (43)  

Participating policyholders

     (30)        (25)                             (55)  

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries

     (279)        (378)        (402)        (204)        99        (1,164)  

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries, CER adjustment(1)

     6               1                      7  

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries, CER basis

   $ (273)      $ (378)      $ (401)      $ (204)      $ 99      $ (1,157)  

(1)  The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

(2)  Manulife Bank is part of Canada segment.

   

   

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   50


Table of Contents

The contractual service margin (CSM) is a liability that represents future unearned profits on insurance contracts written. It is a component of our insurance and reinsurance contract liabilities on our Statement of Financial Position and includes amounts attributed to common shareholders, participating policyholders and non-controlling interests.

In 2023, we included amounts attributed to common shareholders, participating policyholders and non-controlling interests in our reporting of changes in the CSM. Effective January 1, 2024, we no longer include amounts related to non-controlling interests in this reporting, and prior year amounts have been restated. In addition, the new business CSM reconciliation has been adjusted to remove NCI information.

Changes in the CSM net of NCI are classified as organic and inorganic. CSM growth is the percentage change in the CSM net of NCI compared with a prior period on a constant exchange rate basis.

Changes in CSM net of NCI that are classified as organic include the following impacts:

 

   

Impact of new insurance business (“impact of new business” or “new business CSM”) is the impact from insurance contracts initially recognized in the period and includes acquisition expense related gains (losses) which impact the CSM in the period. It excludes the impact from entering into new in-force reinsurance contracts which would generally be considered a management action.

 

   

Expected movement related to finance income or expenses (“interest accretion”) includes interest accreted on the CSM net of NCI during the period and the expected change on VFA contracts if returns are as expected.

 

   

CSM recognized for service provided (“CSM amortization”) is the portion of the CSM net of NCI that is recognized in net income for service provided in the period; and

 

   

Insurance experience gains (losses) and other is primarily the change from experience variances that relate to future periods. This includes persistency experience and changes in future period cash flows caused by other current period experience.

Changes in CSM net of NCI that are classified as inorganic include:

 

   

Changes in actuarial methods and assumptions that adjust the CSM;

 

   

Effect of movement in exchange rates over the reporting period;

 

   

Impact of markets; and

 

   

Reinsurance transactions, tax-related and other items that reflects the impact related to future cash flows from items such as gains or losses on disposition of a business, the impact of enacted or substantially enacted income tax rate changes, material one-time only adjustments that are exceptional in nature and other amounts not specifically captured in the previous inorganic items.

Post-tax CSM is used in the definition of financial leverage ratio and consolidated capital and is calculated as the CSM adjusted for the marginal income tax rate in the jurisdictions that report a CSM balance. Post-tax CSM net of NCI is used in the adjusted book value per share calculation and is calculated as the CSM net of NCI adjusted for the marginal income tax rate in the jurisdictions that report this balance.

New business CSM growth is the percentage change in the new business CSM compared with a prior period on a constant exchange rate basis.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   51


Table of Contents

CSM and post-tax CSM information

($ millions pre-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

As at   

 Mar 31,

2024

    

 Dec 31,

2023

    

 Sept 30,

2023

    

 June 30,

2023

    

 Mar 31,

2023

 

CSM

   $ 22,075      $ 21,301      $ 18,149      $ 18,103      $ 18,200  

Less: CSM for NCI

     986        861        780        680        733  

CSM, net of NCI

   $ 21,089      $ 20,440      $ 17,369      $ 17,423      $ 17,467  

CER adjustment(1)

     (26)        206        (27)        175        (316)  

CSM, net of NCI, CER basis

   $ 21,063      $ 20,646      $ 17,342      $ 17,598      $ 17,151  

CSM by segment

              

Asia

   $ 13,208      $ 12,617      $ 10,030      $ 9,630      $ 9,678  

Asia NCI

     986        861        780        680        733  

Canada

     4,205        4,060        3,662        3,656        3,659  

U.S.

     3,649        3,738        3,651        4,106        4,080  

Corporate and Other

     27        25        26        31        50  

CSM

   $ 22,075      $ 21,301      $ 18,149      $ 18,103      $ 18,200  

CSM, CER adjustment(1)

              

Asia

   $ (5)      $ 132      $ (9)      $ 98      $ (301)  

Asia NCI

            6        7        17        (37)  

Canada

                                  

U.S.

     (20)        74        (18)        77        (14)  

Corporate and Other

                                  

Total

   $ (25)      $ 212      $ (20)      $ 192      $ (352)  

CSM, CER basis

              

Asia

   $ 13,203      $ 12,749      $ 10,021      $ 9,728      $ 9,377  

Asia NCI

     986        867        787        697        696  

Canada

     4,205        4,060        3,662        3,656        3,659  

U.S.

     3,629        3,812        3,633        4,183        4,066  

Corporate and Other

     27        25        26        31        50  

Total CSM, CER basis

   $ 22,050      $ 21,513      $ 18,129      $ 18,295      $ 17,848  

Post-tax CSM

              

CSM

   $ 22,075      $ 21,301      $ 18,149      $ 18,103      $ 18,200  

Marginal tax rate on CSM

     (2,650)        (2,798)        (2,474)        (2,645)        (2,724)  

Post-tax CSM

   $ 19,425      $ 18,503      $ 15,675      $ 15,458      $ 15,476  

CSM, net of NCI

   $ 21,089      $ 20,440      $ 17,369      $ 17,423      $ 17,467  

Marginal tax rate on CSM net of NCI

     (2,542)        (2,692)        (2,377)        (2,546)        (2,617)  

Post-tax CSM net of NCI

   $   18,547      $   17,748      $   14,992      $   14,877      $  14,850  
(1)

The impact of reflecting CSM and CSM net of NCI using the foreign exchange rates for the Statement of Financial Position in effect for 1Q24.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   52


Table of Contents

New business CSM(1) detail, CER basis

($ millions pre-tax, and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

     Quarterly Results     

Full Year

Results

 
       1Q24       4Q23       3Q23       2Q23       1Q23       2023  

New business CSM

                   

Hong Kong

   $ 168      $ 199      $ 167      $ 191      $ 119      $ 676  

Japan

     48        42        29        19        36        126  

Asia Other

     275        173        206        222        146        747  

International High Net Worth

                      231  

Mainland China

                      138  

Singapore

                      244  

Vietnam

                      87  

Other Emerging Markets

                                                  47  

Asia

     491        414        402        432        301        1,549  

Canada

     70        70        51        57        46        224  

U.S.

     97        142        54        103        95        394  

Total new business CSM

     658        626        507        592        442        2,167  
New business CSM, CER adjustment(2),(3)                    

Hong Kong

   $      $ (2)      $ 2      $ 1      $ (1)      $  

Japan

            (3)        (1)        (1)        (3)        (8)  

Asia Other

                   1        (2)        (4)        (5)  

International High Net Worth

                      1  

Mainland China

                      (1)  

Singapore

                       

Vietnam

                      (4)  

Other Emerging Markets

                                                  (1)  

Asia

            (5)        2        (2)        (8)        (13)  

Canada

                   1        (1)                

U.S.

            (2)        1                      (1)  

Total new business CSM

            (7)        4        (3)        (8)        (14)  

New business CSM, CER basis

                   

Hong Kong

   $ 168      $ 197      $ 169      $ 192      $ 118      $ 676  

Japan

     48        39        28        18        33        118  

Asia Other

     275        173        207        220        142        742  

International High Net Worth

                      232  

Mainland China

                      137  

Singapore

                      244  

Vietnam

                      83  

Other Emerging Markets

                                                  46  

Asia

     491        409        404        430        293        1,536  

Canada

     70        70        52        56        46        224  

U.S.

     97        140        55        103        95        393  

Total new business CSM, CER basis

     658        619        511        589        434        2,153  

(1)  New business CSM is net of NCI.

(2)  The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

(3)  New business CSM for Asia Other is reported by country annually, on a full year basis. Other Emerging Markets within Asia Other include Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia and Myanmar.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   53


Table of Contents

Net income financial measures on a CER basis

($ Canadian millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

                                                                                               
     Quarterly Results     

Full Year

Results

 
      1Q24      4Q23      3Q23      2Q23      1Q23      2023  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders:

                   

Asia

   $ 363      $ 615      $ 84      $ 130      $ 519      $ 1,348  

Canada

     273        365        290        227        309        1,191  

U.S.

     (108)        198        72        183        186        639  

Global WAM

     365        365        318        317        297        1,297  

Corporate and Other

     (27)        116        249        168        95        628  

Total net income (loss) attributed to shareholders

     866        1,659        1,013        1,025        1,406        5,103  

Preferred share dividends and other equity distributions

     (55)        (99)        (54)        (98)        (52)        (303)  

Common shareholders’ net income (loss)

   $ 811      $ 1,560      $ 959      $ 927      $ 1,354      $ 4,800  

CER adjustment(1)

                   

Asia

   $      $ (6)      $ 2      $ 13      $ (5)      $ 4  

Canada

            1        1               (2)         

U.S.

            (5)        (1)        3        (1)        (4)  

Global WAM

            (3)        1        1        (3)        (4)  

Corporate and Other

            (1)        1        (12)        (2)        (14)  

Total net income (loss) attributed to shareholders

            (14)        4        5        (13)        (18)  

Preferred share dividends and other equity distributions

                                         

Common shareholders’ net income (loss)

   $      $ (14)      $ 4      $ 5      $ (13)      $ (18)  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders, CER basis

                   

Asia

   $ 363      $ 609      $ 86      $ 143      $ 514      $ 1,352  

Canada

     273        366        291        227        307        1,191  

U.S.

     (108)        193        71        186        185        635  

Global WAM

     365        362        319        318        294        1,293  

Corporate and Other

     (27)        115        250        156        93        614  

Total net income (loss) attributed to shareholders, CER basis

     866        1,645        1,017        1,030        1,393        5,085  

Preferred share dividends and other equity distributions, CER basis

     (55)        (99)        (54)        (98)        (52)        (303)  

Common shareholders’ net income (loss), CER basis

   $ 811      $ 1,546      $ 963      $ 932      $ 1,341      $ 4,782  

Asia net income attributed to shareholders, U.S. dollars

                   

Asia net income (loss) attributed to shareholders, US $(2)

   $ 270      $ 452      $ 63      $ 96      $ 384      $ 995  

CER adjustment, US $(1)

                   1        10        (2)        9  

Asia net income (loss) attributed to shareholders, U.S. $, CER basis(1)

   $ 270      $ 452      $ 64      $ 106      $ 382      $ 1,004  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders (pre-tax)

                   

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders (post-tax)

   $ 866      $ 1,659      $ 1,013      $ 1,025      $ 1,406      $ 5,103  

Tax on net income attributed to shareholders

     247        288        (67)        242        287        750  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders (pre-tax)

     1,113        1,947        946        1,267        1,693        5,853  

CER adjustment(1)

            (15)               15        (20)        (20)  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders (pre-tax), CER basis

   $ 1,113      $ 1,932      $ 946      $ 1,282      $ 1,673      $ 5,833  
(1) 

The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

(2) 

Asia net income attributed to shareholders (post-tax) in Canadian dollars is translated to U.S. dollars using the U.S. dollar Statement of Income rate for the reporting period.

AUMA is a financial measure of the size of the Company. It is comprised of AUM and AUA. AUM includes assets of the General Account, consisting of total invested assets and segregated funds net assets, and external client assets for which we provide investment management services, consisting of mutual fund, institutional asset management and other fund net assets. AUA are assets for which we provide administrative services only. Assets under management and administration is a common industry metric for wealth and asset management businesses.

Our Global WAM business also manages assets on behalf of other segments of the Company. Global WAM-managed AUMA is a financial measure equal to the sum of Global WAM’s AUMA and assets managed by Global WAM on behalf of other segments. It is an important measure of the assets managed by Global WAM.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   54


Table of Contents

AUM and AUMA reconciliations

(Canadian $ in millions, and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

     CAD $      US $(4)  
     March 31, 2024      March 31, 2024  
As at    Asia      Canada      U.S.     

Global

WAM

    

Corporate

and Other

     Total      Asia      U.S.  

Total invested assets

                         

Manulife Bank net lending assets

   $      $ 25,420      $      $      $      $ 25,420      $      $  

Derivative reclassification(1)

                                 5,114        5,114                

Invested assets excluding above items

     144,720        84,075        129,896        8,133        13,318        380,142        106,881        95,988  

Total

     144,720        109,495        129,896        8,133        18,432        410,676        106,881        95,988  

Segregated funds net assets

                         

Segregated funds net assets – Institutional

                          3,334               3,334                

Segregated funds net assets – Other(2)

     26,203        37,218        72,547        262,854        (47)        398,775        19,360        53,609  

Total

     26,203        37,218        72,547        266,188        (47)        402,109        19,360        53,609  

AUM per financial statements

     170,923        146,713        202,443        274,321        18,385        812,785        126,241        149,597  

Mutual funds

                          300,178               300,178                

Institutional asset management(3)

                          121,263               121,263                

Other funds

                          16,981               16,981                

Total AUM

     170,923        146,713        202,443        712,743        18,385        1,251,207        126,241        149,597  

Assets under administration

                          198,698               198,698                

Total AUMA

   $  170,923      $  146,713      $  202,443      $ 911,441      $ 18,385      $  1,449,905      $  126,241      $  149,597  

Total AUMA, US $(4)

                                                $ 1,071,424        

Total AUMA

   $ 170,923      $ 146,713      $ 202,443      $ 911,441      $ 18,385      $ 1,449,905        

CER adjustment(5)

                                               

Total AUMA, CER basis

   $ 170,923      $ 146,713      $ 202,443      $ 911,441      $ 18,385      $ 1,449,905        

Global WAM Managed AUMA

                       

Global WAM AUMA

            $ 911,441              

AUM managed by Global WAM for Manulife’s other segments

                                211,528              

Total

                              $  1,122,969              
(1) 

Corporate and Other amount is related to net derivative assets reclassified from total invested assets to other lines on the Statement of Financial Position.

(2) 

Corporate and Other segregated funds net assets represent elimination of amounts held by the Company.

(3) 

Institutional asset management excludes Institutional segregated funds net assets.

(4) 

US $ AUMA is calculated as total AUMA in Canadian $ divided by the US $ exchange rate in effect at the end of the quarter.

(5) 

The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   55


Table of Contents

AUM and AUMA reconciliations

(Canadian $ in millions, and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

     CAD $      US $(4)  
     December 31, 2023      December 31, 2023  
As at    Asia      Canada      U.S.     

Global

WAM

    

Corporate

and Other

     Total      Asia      U.S.  

Total invested assets

                         

Manulife Bank net lending assets

   $      $ 25,321      $      $      $      $ 25,321      $      $  

Derivative reclassification(1)

                                 3,201        3,201                

Invested assets excluding above items

     144,433        86,135        133,959        7,090        17,071        388,688        109,533        101,592  

Total

     144,433        111,456        133,959        7,090        20,272        417,210        109,533        101,592  

Segregated funds net assets

                         

Segregated funds net assets – Institutional

                          3,328               3,328                

Segregated funds net assets – Other(2)

     24,854        36,085        68,585        244,738        (46)        374,216        18,846        52,014  

Total

     24,854        36,085        68,585        248,066        (46)        377,544        18,846        52,014  

AUM per financial statements

     169,287        147,541        202,544        255,156        20,226        794,754        128,379        153,606  

Mutual funds

                          277,365               277,365                

Institutional asset management(3)

                          119,161               119,161                

Other funds

                          15,435               15,435                

Total AUM

     169,287        147,541        202,544        667,117        20,226        1,206,715        128,379        153,606  

Assets under administration

                          182,046               182,046                

Total AUMA

   $  169,287      $  147,541      $  202,544      $ 849,163      $ 20,226      $  1,388,761      $  128,379      $  153,606  

Total AUMA, US $(4)

                                                $ 1,053,209        

Total AUMA

   $ 169,287      $ 147,541      $ 202,544      $ 849,163      $ 20,226      $ 1,388,761        

CER adjustment(5)

     1,556               5,302        14,159               21,017        

Total AUMA, CER basis

   $ 170,843      $ 147,541      $ 207,846      $ 863,322      $ 20,226      $ 1,409,778        

Global WAM Managed AUMA

                       

Global WAM AUMA

            $ 849,163              

AUM managed by Global WAM for Manulife’s other segments

                                205,814              

Total

                              $  1,054,977              

Note: For footnotes (1) to (5), refer to the “AUM and AUMA reconciliation” table as at March 31, 2024 above.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   56


Table of Contents

AUM and AUMA reconciliations

(Canadian $ in millions, and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

     CAD $      US $(4)  
     September 30, 2023      September 30, 2023  
As at    Asia      Canada      U.S.     

Global

WAM

    

Corporate

and Other

     Total      Asia      U.S.  

Total invested assets

                         

Manulife Bank net lending assets

   $      $ 25,123      $      $      $      $ 25,123      $      $  

Derivative reclassification(1)

                                 8,141        8,141                

Invested assets excluding above items

     135,820        78,377        128,790        6,723        15,762        365,472        100,438        95,259  

Total

     135,820        103,500        128,790        6,723        23,903        398,736        100,438        95,259  

Segregated funds net assets

                         

Segregated funds net assets – Institutional

                          3,477               3,477                

Segregated funds net assets – Other(2)

     23,769        34,448        64,796        230,469        (47)        353,435        17,587        47,926  

Total

     23,769        34,448        64,796        233,946        (47)        356,912        17,587        47,926  

AUM per financial statements

     159,589        137,948        193,586        240,669        23,856        755,648        118,025        143,185  

Mutual funds

                          266,069               266,069                

Institutional asset management(3)

                          111,754               111,754                

Other funds

                          14,359               14,359                

Total AUM

     159,589        137,948        193,586        632,851        23,856        1,147,830        118,025        143,185  

Assets under administration

                          173,897               173,897                

Total AUMA

   $  159,589      $  137,948      $  193,586      $ 806,748      $ 23,856      $  1,321,727      $  118,025      $  143,185  

Total AUMA, US $(4)

                                                $ 977,609        

Total AUMA

   $ 159,589      $ 137,948      $ 193,586      $ 806,748      $ 23,856      $ 1,321,727        

CER adjustment(5)

     189               181        433               803        

Total AUMA, CER basis

   $ 159,778      $ 137,948      $ 193,767      $ 807,181      $ 23,856      $ 1,322,530        

Global WAM Managed AUMA

                       

Global WAM AUMA

            $ 806,748              

AUM managed by Global WAM for Manulife’s other segments

                                201,407              

Total

                              $  1,008,155              

Note: For footnotes (1) to (5), refer to the “AUM and AUMA reconciliation” table as at March 31, 2024 above.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   57


Table of Contents

AUM and AUMA reconciliations

(Canadian $ in millions, and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

     CAD $      US $(4)  
     June 30, 2023      June 30, 2023  
As at    Asia      Canada      U.S.      Global
WAM
    

Corporate

and Other

     Total      Asia      U.S.  

Total invested assets

                         

Manulife Bank net lending assets

   $      $ 25,003      $      $      $      $ 25,003      $      $  

Derivative reclassification(1)

                                 3,895        3,895                

Invested assets excluding above items

     135,208        83,026        132,133        5,464        18,699        374,530        102,166        99,855  

Total

     135,208        108,029        132,133        5,464        22,594        403,428        102,166        99,855  

Segregated funds net assets

                         

Segregated funds net assets – Institutional

                          3,564               3,564                

Segregated funds net assets – Other(2)

     24,052        35,993        67,303        235,113        (44)        362,417        18,182        50,862  

Total

     24,052        35,993        67,303        238,677        (44)        365,981        18,182        50,862  

AUM per financial statements

     159,260        144,022        199,436        244,141        22,550        769,409        120,348        150,717  

Mutual funds

                          267,835               267,835                

Institutional asset management(3)

                          112,491               112,491                

Other funds

                          14,674               14,674                

Total AUM

     159,260        144,022        199,436        639,141        22,550        1,164,409        120,348        150,717  

Assets under administration

                          180,430               180,430                

Total AUMA

   $  159,260      $  144,022      $  199,436      $ 819,571      $ 22,550      $  1,344,839      $  120,348      $  150,717  

Total AUMA, US $(4)

                                                $ 1,016,277        

Total AUMA

   $ 159,260      $ 144,022      $ 199,436      $ 819,571      $ 22,550      $ 1,344,839        

CER adjustment(5)

     2,189               4,509        12,431               19,129        

Total AUMA, CER basis

   $ 161,449      $ 144,022      $ 203,945      $ 832,002      $ 22,550      $ 1,363,968        

Global WAM Managed AUMA

                       

Global WAM AUMA

            $ 819,571              

AUM managed by Global WAM for Manulife’s other segments

                                203,825              

Total

                              $  1,023,396              

 

Note:

For footnotes (1) to (5), refer to the “AUM and AUMA reconciliation” table as at March 31, 2024 above.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   58


Table of Contents

AUM and AUMA reconciliations

(Canadian $ in millions, and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

     CAD $      US $(4)  
     March 31, 2023      March 31, 2023  
As at    Asia      Canada      U.S.     

Global

WAM

    

Corporate

and Other

     Total      Asia      U.S.  

Total invested assets

                         

Manulife Bank net lending assets

   $      $ 24,747      $      $      $      $ 24,747      $      $  

Derivative reclassification(1)

                                 3,488        3,488                

Invested assets excluding above items

     138,029        82,733        136,454        5,565        21,460        384,241        102,014        100,827  

Total

     138,029        107,480        136,454        5,565        24,948        412,476        102,014        100,827  

Segregated funds net assets

                         

Segregated funds net assets – Institutional

                          3,718               3,718                

Segregated funds net assets – Other(2)

     24,203        36,374        67,935        231,860        (46)        360,326        17,893        50,197  

Total

     24,203        36,374        67,935        235,578        (46)        364,044        17,893        50,197  

AUM per financial statements

     162,232        143,854        204,389        241,143        24,902        776,520        119,907        151,024  

Mutual funds

                          267,767               267,767                

Institutional asset management(3)

                          113,781               113,781                

Other funds

                          14,302               14,302                

Total AUM

     162,232        143,854        204,389        636,993        24,902        1,172,370        119,907        151,024  

Assets under administration

                          177,510               177,510                

Total AUMA

   $  162,232      $  143,854      $  204,389      $ 814,503      $ 24,902      $  1,349,880      $  119,907      $  151,024  

Total AUMA, US $(4)

                                                $ 997,399        

Total AUMA

   $ 162,232      $ 143,854      $ 204,389      $ 814,503      $ 24,902      $ 1,349,880        

CER adjustment(5)

     (4,574)               (31)        (3,524)               (8,129)        

Total AUMA, CER basis

   $ 157,658      $ 143,854      $ 204,358      $ 810,979      $ 24,902      $ 1,341,751        

Global WAM Managed AUMA

                       

Global WAM AUMA

            $ 814,503              

AUM managed by Global WAM for Manulife’s other segments

                                208,013              

Total

                              $  1,022,516              

Note: For footnotes (1) to (5), refer to the “AUM and AUMA reconciliation” table as at March 31, 2024 above.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   59


Table of Contents

Global WAM AUMA and Managed AUMA by business line and geographic source

($ millions, and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

As at    Mar 31, 2024      Dec 31, 2023      Sept 30, 2023      June 30, 2023      Mar 31, 2023  

Global WAM AUMA by business line

              

Retirement

   $ 467,579      $ 431,601      $ 410,433      $ 419,380      $ 413,769  

Retail

     316,406        292,629        278,372        281,814        281,198  

Institutional asset management

     127,456        124,933        117,943        118,377        119,536  

Total

   $ 911,441      $ 849,163      $ 806,748      $ 819,571      $ 814,503  

Global WAM AUMA by business line, CER basis(1)

              

Retirement

   $ 467,579      $ 440,299      $ 410,679      $ 426,683      $ 413,639  

Retail

     316,406        296,998        278,488        285,608        279,888  

Institutional asset management

     127,456        126,025        118,014        119,711        117,452  

Total

   $ 911,441      $ 863,322      $ 807,181      $ 832,002      $ 810,979  

Global WAM AUMA by geographic source

              

Asia

   $ 122,354      $ 115,523      $ 113,642      $ 112,283      $ 115,819  

Canada

     243,678        233,351        219,518        226,087        223,045  

U.S.

     545,409        500,289        473,588        481,201        475,639  

Total

   $ 911,441      $ 849,163      $ 806,748      $ 819,571      $ 814,503  

Global WAM AUMA by geographic source, CER basis(1)

              

Asia

   $ 122,354      $ 116,536      $ 113,635      $ 113,804      $ 112,328  

Canada

     243,678        233,351        219,518        226,087        223,045  

U.S.

     545,409        513,435        474,028        492,111        475,606  

Total

   $ 911,441      $ 863,322      $ 807,181      $ 832,002      $ 810,979  

Global WAM Managed AUMA by business line

              

Retirement

   $ 467,579      $ 431,601      $ 410,433      $ 419,380      $ 413,769  

Retail

     395,755        368,843        351,384        357,539        358,098  

Institutional asset management

     259,635        254,533        246,338        246,477        250,649  

Total

   $ 1,122,969      $ 1,054,977      $ 1,008,155      $ 1,023,396      $ 1,022,516  

Global WAM Managed AUMA by business line, CER basis(1)

              

Retirement

   $ 467,579      $ 440,299      $ 410,679      $ 426,683      $ 413,639  

Retail

     395,755        374,407        351,511        362,384        356,793  

Institutional asset management

     259,635        258,501        246,510        250,258        248,557  

Total

   $ 1,122,969      $ 1,073,207      $ 1,008,700      $ 1,039,325      $ 1,018,989  

Global WAM Managed AUMA by geographic source

              

Asia

   $ 198,464      $ 191,238      $ 188,098      $ 185,198      $ 191,720  

Canada

     294,591        282,487        266,935        274,957        272,101  

U.S.

     629,914        581,252        553,122        563,241        558,695  

Total

   $ 1,122,969      $ 1,054,977      $ 1,008,155      $ 1,023,396      $ 1,022,516  

Global WAM Managed AUMA by geographic source, CER basis(1)

              

Asia

   $ 198,464      $ 194,238      $ 188,165      $ 188,377      $ 188,232  

Canada

     294,591        282,487        266,935        274,957        272,101  

U.S.

     629,914        596,482        553,600        575,991        558,656  

Total

   $ 1,122,969      $ 1,073,207      $ 1,008,700      $ 1,039,325      $ 1,018,989  
(1)

AUMA adjusted to reflect the foreign exchange rates for the Statement of Financial Position in effect for 1Q24.

Average assets under management and administration (“average AUMA”) is the average of Global WAM’s AUMA during the reporting period. It is a measure used in analyzing and explaining fee income and earnings of our Global WAM segment. It is calculated as the average of the opening balance of AUMA and the ending balance of AUMA using daily balances where available and month-end or quarter-end averages when daily averages are unavailable. Similarly, Global WAM average managed AUMA and average AUA are the average of Global WAM’s managed AUMA and AUA, respectively, and are calculated in a manner consistent with average AUMA.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   60


Table of Contents

Manulife Bank net lending assets is a financial measure equal to the sum of Manulife Bank’s loans and mortgages, net of allowances. Manulife Bank average net lending assets is a financial measure which is calculated as the quarter-end average of the opening and the ending balance of net lending assets. Both of these financial measures are a measure of the size of Manulife Bank’s portfolio of loans and mortgages and are used to analyze and explain its earnings.

 

As at

($ millions)

  

Mar 31,

2024

    

Dec 31,

2023

    

Sept 30,

2023

    

June 30,

2023

    

Mar 31,

2023

 

Mortgages

   $ 52,605      $ 52,421      $ 51,012      $ 51,459      $ 52,128  

Less: mortgages not held by Manulife Bank

     29,568        29,536        28,402        29,088        30,087  

Total mortgages held by Manulife Bank

     23,037        22,885        22,610        22,371        22,041  

Loans to Bank clients

     2,383        2,436        2,513        2,632        2,706  

Manulife Bank net lending assets

   $ 25,420      $ 25,321      $ 25,123      $ 25,003      $ 24,747  

Manulife Bank average net lending assets

              

Beginning of period

   $  25,321      $  25,123      $  25,003      $  24,747      $  24,779  

End of period

     25,420        25,321        25,123        25,003        24,747  

Manulife Bank average net lending assets by quarter

   $ 25,371      $ 25,222      $ 25,063      $ 24,875      $ 24,763  

Manulife Bank average net lending assets – full year

   $ 25,100      $ 25,050           

Financial leverage ratio is a debt-to-equity ratio. The ratio is calculated as the sum of long-term debt, capital instruments and preferred shares and other equity instruments divided by the sum of long-term debt, capital instruments, equity and post-tax CSM.

Adjusted book value is the sum of common shareholders’ equity and post-tax CSM net of NCI. It is an important measure for monitoring growth and measuring insurance businesses’ value. Adjusted book value per common share is calculated by dividing adjusted book value by the number of common shares outstanding at the end of the period.

 

As at

($ millions)

  

Mar 31,

2024

    

Dec 31,

2023

    

Sept 30,

2023

    

June 30,

2023

    

Mar 31,

2023

 

Common shareholders’ equity

   $ 41,590      $  40,379      $  40,747      $  39,047      $  40,715  

Post-tax CSM, net of NCI

     18,547        17,748        14,992        14,877        14,850  

Adjusted book value

   $  60,137      $ 58,127      $ 55,739      $ 53,924      $ 55,565  

Consolidated capital serves as a foundation of our capital management activities at the MFC level. Consolidated capital is calculated as the sum of: (i) total equity excluding accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) on cash flow hedges; (ii) post-tax CSM; and (iii) certain other capital instruments that qualify as regulatory capital. For regulatory reporting purposes under the LICAT framework, the numbers are further adjusted for various additions or deductions to capital as mandated by the guidelines defined by OSFI.

 

As at

($ millions)

  

Mar 31,

2024

    

Dec 31,

2023

    

Sept 30,

2023

    

June 30,

2023

    

Mar 31,

2023

 

Total equity

   $  49,892      $  48,727      $  49,035      $  47,156      $  48,751  

Less: AOCI gain/(loss) on cash flow hedges

     70        26        47               (38)  

Total equity excluding AOCI on cash flow hedges

     49,822        48,701        48,988        47,156        48,789  

Post-tax CSM

     19,425        18,503        15,675        15,458        15,476  

Qualifying capital instruments

     7,196        6,667        6,702        6,662        7,317  

Consolidated capital

   $ 76,443      $ 73,871      $ 71,365      $ 69,276      $ 71,582  

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   61


Table of Contents

Core EBITDA is a financial measure which Manulife uses to better understand the long-term earnings capacity and valuation of our Global WAM business on a basis more comparable to how the profitability of global asset managers are generally measured. Core EBITDA presents core earnings before the impact of interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. Core EBITDA excludes certain acquisition expenses related to insurance contracts in our retirement businesses which are deferred and amortized over the expected lifetime of the customer relationship. Core EBITDA was selected as a key performance indicator for our Global WAM business, as EBITDA is widely used among asset management peers, and core earnings is a primary profitability metric for the Company overall.

Reconciliation of Global WAM core earnings to core EBITDA and Global WAM core EBITDA by business line and geographic source

($ millions, pre-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

 

     Quarterly Results     

Full Year

Results

 
      1Q24      4Q23      3Q23      2Q23      1Q23      2023  

Global WAM core earnings (post-tax)

   $ 357      $ 353      $ 361      $ 320      $ 287      $ 1,321  

Add back taxes, acquisition costs, other expenses and deferred sales commissions

                   

Core income tax (expenses) recoveries (see above)

     58        55        59        45        45        204  

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and other depreciation

     42        45        41        40        40        166  

Amortization of deferred sales commissions

     20        21        19        19        21        80  

Core EBITDA

   $ 477      $ 474      $ 480      $ 424      $ 393      $ 1,771  

CER adjustment(1)

            (4)        1        1        (2)        (4)  

Core EBITDA, CER basis

   $ 477      $ 470      $ 481      $ 425      $ 391      $ 1,767  

Core EBITDA by business line

                   

Retirement

   $ 265      $ 265      $ 242      $ 233      $ 217      $ 957  

Retail

     178        175        190        168        171        704  

Institutional asset management

     34        34        48        23        5        110  

Total

   $ 477      $ 474      $ 480      $ 424      $ 393      $ 1,771  

Core EBITDA by geographic source

                   

Asia

   $ 139      $ 135      $ 132      $ 125      $ 113      $ 505  

Canada

     139        152        146        148        136        582  

U.S.

     199        187        202        151        144        684  

Total

   $ 477      $ 474      $ 480      $ 424      $ 393      $ 1,771  

Core EBITDA by business line, CER basis(2)

                   

Retirement

   $ 265      $ 262      $ 243      $ 234      $ 217      $ 956  

Retail

     178        174        190        168        170        702  

Institutional asset management

     34        34        48        23        4        109  

Total, CER basis

   $ 477      $ 470      $ 481      $ 425      $ 391      $ 1,767  

Core EBITDA by geographic source, CER basis(2)

                   

Asia

   $ 139      $ 133      $ 132      $ 126      $ 111      $ 502  

Canada

     139        152        146        148        136        582  

U.S.

     199        185        203        151        144        683  

Total, CER basis

   $ 477      $ 470      $ 481      $ 425      $ 391      $ 1,767  
(1) 

The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

(2) 

Core EBITDA adjusted to reflect the foreign exchange rates for the Statement of Income in effect for 1Q24.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   62


Table of Contents

Core EBITDA margin is a financial measure which Manulife uses to better understand the long-term profitability of our Global WAM business on a more comparable basis to how profitability of global asset managers are measured. Core EBITDA margin presents core earnings before the impact of interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization divided by core revenue from these businesses. Core revenue is used to calculate our core EBITDA margin, and is equal to the sum of pre-tax other revenue and investment income in Global WAM included in core EBITDA, and it excludes such items as revenue related to integration and acquisitions and market experience gains (losses). Core EBITDA margin was selected as a key performance indicator for our Global WAM business, as EBITDA margin is widely used among asset management peers, and core earnings is a primary profitability metric for the Company overall.

 

     Quarterly Results     

Full Year

Results

 
($ millions, unless otherwise stated)    1Q24      4Q23      3Q23      2Q23      1Q23      2023  

Core EBITDA margin

                   

Core EBITDA

   $ 477      $ 474      $ 480      $ 424      $ 393      $ 1,771  

Core revenue

   $ 1,873      $ 1,842      $ 1,783      $ 1,722      $ 1,756      $ 7,103  

Core EBITDA margin

     25.5%        25.7%        26.9%        24.6%        22.4%        24.9%  

Global WAM core revenue

                   

Other revenue per financial statements

   $ 1,808      $ 1,719      $ 1,645      $ 1,691      $ 1,691      $ 6,746  

Less: Other revenue in segments other than Global WAM

     58        31        (64)        44        26        37  

Other revenue in Global WAM (fee income)

   $ 1,750      $ 1,688      $ 1,709      $ 1,647      $ 1,665      $ 6,709  

Investment income per financial statements

   $ 4,251      $ 4,497      $ 4,028      $ 4,135      $ 3,520      $ 16,180  

Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on assets supporting insurance and investment contract liabilities per financial statements

     538        2,674        (2,430)        950        1,944        3,138  

Total investment income

     4,789        7,171        1,598        5,085        5,464        19,318  

Less: Investment income in segments other than Global WAM

     4,649        6,941        1,578        5,010        5,357        18,886  

Investment income in Global WAM

   $ 140      $ 230      $ 20      $ 75      $ 107      $ 432  

Total other revenue and investment income in Global WAM

   $ 1,890      $ 1,918      $ 1,729      $ 1,722      $ 1,772      $ 7,141  

Less: Total revenue reported in items excluded from core earnings

                   

Market experience gains (losses)

     8        63        (54)        7        12        28  

Revenue related to integration and acquisitions

     9        13               (7)        4        10  

Global WAM core revenue

   $ 1,873      $ 1,842      $ 1,783      $ 1,722      $ 1,756      $ 7,103  

Expense measures

With the adoption of IFRS 17, we have replaced core general expenses with two new measures: core expenses and core expenditures. Under IFRS 17, expenses previously reported in general expenses are now reported as:

 

  1.

General expenses that flow directly through income;

 

  2.

Directly attributable maintenance expenses, which are reported in insurance service expenses and flow directly through income;

 

  3.

Directly attributable acquisition expenses for contracts measured using the PAA method which are reported in insurance service expenses, and flow directly through income; and

 

  4.

Directly attributable acquisition expenses that are capitalized into the CSM.

Total expenses include items 1 to 3 above and total expenditures include items 1 to 4 above.

Core expenses is used to calculate our expense efficiency ratio and is equal to total expenses that are included in core earnings and excludes such items as material legal provisions for settlements, restructuring charges and expenses related to integration and acquisitions.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   63


Table of Contents
     Quarterly Results     

Full Year

Results

 

($ millions, and based on actual foreign

exchange rates in effect in the applicable

reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

   1Q24      4Q23      3Q23      2Q23      1Q23      2023  

Core expenses

                   

General expenses - Statements of Income

   $  1,102      $    1,180      $  1,042      $  1,022      $  1,086      $ 4,330  

Directly attributable acquisition expense for contracts measured using the PAA method(1)

     38        42        37        35        33        147  

Directly attributable maintenance expense(1)

     539        565        544        550        546        2,205  

Total expenses

     1,679        1,787        1,623        1,607        1,665        6,682  

Less: General expenses included in items excluded from core earnings

                   

Restructuring charge

            46                             46  

Integration and acquisition

            8                             8  

Legal provisions and Other expenses

     6        8        1        9        60        78  

Total

     6        62        1        9        60        132  

Core expenses

   $ 1,673      $ 1,725      $ 1,622      $ 1,598      $ 1,605      $ 6,550  

CER adjustment(2)

            (11)        2        (2)        (14)        (25)  

Core expenses, CER basis

   $ 1,673      $ 1,714      $ 1,624      $ 1,596      $ 1,591      $ 6,525  

Total expenses

   $ 1,679      $ 1,787      $ 1,623      $ 1,607      $ 1,665      $ 6,682  

CER adjustment(2)

            (12)        2        (3)        (13)        (26)  

Total expenses, CER basis

   $ 1,679      $ 1,775      $ 1,625      $ 1,604      $ 1,652      $ 6,656  
(1) 

Expenses are components of insurance service expenses on the Statements of Income that flow directly through income.

(2) 

The impact of updating foreign exchange rates to that which was used in 1Q24.

Expense efficiency ratio is a financial measure which Manulife uses to measure progress towards our target to be more efficient. It is defined as core expenses divided by the sum of core earnings before income taxes (“pre-tax core earnings”) and core expenses.

Embedded value (EV) is a measure of the present value of shareholders’ interests in the expected future distributable earnings on in-force business reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position of Manulife, excluding any value associated with future new business.

With the adoption of IFRS 17, the calculation of EV has changed for periods beginning after 2022 as follows:

 

   

Canadian businesses, the International High Net Worth business, as well as business ceded to an affiliate reinsurer, reflect IFRS 17 earnings and LICAT required capital, instead of IFRS 4 earnings and LICAT required capital;

 

   

U.S. businesses reflects local statutory earnings (NAIC) and capital requirements (RBC), instead of IFRS 4 earnings and LICAT required capital; and

 

   

Asian businesses remained on local statutory bases.

EV for periods after December 31, 2022 is calculated as the sum of the adjusted net worth and the value of in-force business calculated as at December 31. The adjusted net worth is the IFRS shareholders’ equity adjusted for goodwill and intangible assets, fair value of surplus assets, the fair value of debt, preferred shares, and other equity, and local statutory balance sheet, regulatory reserve, and capital for our U.S. and Asian businesses. The value of in-force business in Canada and the International High Net Worth business and business ceded to an affiliate reinsurer is the present value of expected future IFRS earnings, on an IFRS 17 basis, on in-force business less the present value of the cost of holding capital to support the in-force business under the LICAT framework. The value of the remaining in-force business in the U.S. and Asia reflects local statutory earnings and capital requirements. The value of in-force business excludes Global WAM, Bank or P&C Reinsurance businesses.

Net annualized fee income yield on average AUMA (“Net fee income yield”) is a financial measure that represents the net annualized fee income from Global WAM channels over average AUMA. This measure provides information on Global WAM’s adjusted return generated from managing AUMA.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   64


Table of Contents

Net annualized fee income is a financial measure that represents Global WAM income before income taxes, adjusted to exclude items unrelated to net fee income, including general expenses, investment income, non-AUMA related net benefits and claims, and net premium taxes. It also excludes the components of Global WAM net fee income from managing assets on behalf of other segments. This measure is annualized based on the number of days in the year divided by the number of days in the reporting period.

Reconciliation of income before income taxes to net fee income yield

 

    Quarterly Results    

Full Year

Results

 
($ millions, unless otherwise stated)   1Q24     4Q23     3Q23     2Q23     1Q23     2023  

Income before income taxes

  $ 1,252     $ 2,123     $ 1,174     $ 1,436     $ 1,719     $ 6,452  

Less: Income before income taxes for segments other than Global WAM

    826       1,699       808       1,074       1,374       4,955  

Global WAM income before income taxes

    426       424       366       362       345       1,497  

Items unrelated to net fee income

    665       648       717       674       676       2,715  

Global WAM net fee income

    1,091       1,072       1,083       1,036       1,021       4,212  

Less: Net fee income from other segments

    155       174       171       142       136       623  

Global WAM net fee income excluding net fee income from other segments

    936       898       912       894       885       3,589  

Net annualized fee income

  $ 3,765     $ 3,563     $ 3,618     $ 3,584     $ 3,589     $ 3,589  

Average Assets under Management and Administration

  $  879,837     $  816,706     $  813,157     $  814,945     $  804,455     $  812,662  

Net fee income yield (bps)

    42.8       43.6       44.5       44.0       44.6       44.2  

New business value (NBV) is the change in embedded value as a result of sales in the reporting period. NBV is calculated as the present value of shareholders’ interests in expected future distributable earnings, after the cost of capital calculated under the LICAT framework in Canada and the International High Net Worth business, and the local capital requirements in Asia and the U.S., on actual new business sold in the period using assumptions that are consistent with the assumptions used in the calculation of embedded value. NBV excludes businesses with immaterial insurance risks, such as the Company’s Global WAM, Manulife Bank and the P&C Reinsurance businesses. NBV is a useful metric to evaluate the value created by the Company’s new business franchise.

New business value margin (“NBV margin”) is calculated as NBV divided by APE sales excluding non-controlling interests. APE sales are calculated as 100% of regular premiums and deposits sales and 10% of single premiums and deposits sales. NBV margin is a useful metric to help understand the profitability of our new business.

Sales are measured according to product type:

For individual insurance, sales include 100% of new annualized premiums and 10% of both excess and single premiums. For individual insurance, new annualized premiums reflect the annualized premium expected in the first year of a policy that requires premium payments for more than one year. Single premium is the lump sum premium from the sale of a single premium product, e.g. travel insurance. Sales are reported gross before the impact of reinsurance.

For group insurance, sales include new annualized premiums and administrative services only premium equivalents on new cases, as well as the addition of new coverages and amendments to contracts, excluding rate increases.

Insurance-based wealth accumulation product sales include all new deposits into variable and fixed annuity contracts. As we discontinued sales of new variable annuity contracts in the U.S. in the first quarter of 2013, subsequent deposits into existing U.S. variable annuity contracts are not reported as sales. Asia variable annuity deposits are included in APE sales.

APE sales are comprised of 100% of regular premiums and deposits and 10% of excess and single premiums and deposits for both insurance and insurance-based wealth accumulation products.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   65


Table of Contents

Gross flows is a new business measure presented for our Global WAM business and includes all deposits into mutual funds, group pension/retirement savings products, private wealth and institutional asset management products. Gross flows is a common industry metric for WAM businesses as it provides a measure of how successful the businesses are at attracting assets.

Net flows is presented for our Global WAM business and includes gross flows less redemptions for mutual funds, group pension/retirement savings products, private wealth and institutional asset management products. In addition, net flows include the net flows of exchange traded funds and non-proprietary products sold by Manulife Securities. Net flows is a common industry metric for WAM businesses as it provides a measure of how successful the businesses are at attracting and retaining assets. When net flows are positive, they are referred to as net inflows. Conversely, negative net flows are referred to as net outflows.

Remittances is defined as the cash remitted or made available for distribution to Manulife Financial Corporation from its subsidiaries. It is a key metric used by management to evaluate our financial flexibility.

 

E4

Caution regarding forward-looking statements

From time to time, MFC makes written and/or oral forward-looking statements, including in this document. In addition, our representatives may make forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors, the media and others. All such statements are made pursuant to the “safe harbour” provisions of Canadian provincial securities laws and the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

The forward-looking statements in this document include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to the capital release associated with reinsurance transactions, possible share buybacks, the impact of changes in tax laws, the probability and impact of LICAT scenario switches, and strategic and products risks and also relate to, among other things, our objectives, goals, strategies, intentions, plans, beliefs, expectations and estimates, and can generally be identified by the use of words such as “may”, “will”, “could”, “should”, “would”, “likely”, “suspect”, “outlook”, “expect”, “intend”, “estimate”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “plan”, “forecast”, “objective”, “seek”, “aim”, “continue”, “goal”, “restore”, “embark” and “endeavour” (or the negative thereof) and words and expressions of similar import, and include statements concerning possible or assumed future results. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements involve risks and uncertainties, and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements and they should not be interpreted as confirming market or analysts’ expectations in any way.

Certain material factors or assumptions are applied in making forward-looking statements and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations include but are not limited to: general business and economic conditions (including but not limited to the performance, volatility and correlation of equity markets, interest rates, credit and swap spreads, inflation rates, currency rates, investment losses and defaults, market liquidity and creditworthiness of guarantors, reinsurers and counterparties); the ongoing prevalence of COVID-19, including any variants, as well as actions that have been, or may be taken by governmental authorities in response to COVID-19, including the impacts of any variants; changes in laws and regulations; changes in accounting standards applicable in any of the territories in which we operate; changes in regulatory capital requirements; our ability to obtain premium rate increases on in-force policies; our ability to execute strategic plans and changes to strategic plans; downgrades in our financial strength or credit ratings; our ability to maintain our reputation; impairments of goodwill or intangible assets or the establishment of provisions against future tax assets; the accuracy of estimates relating to morbidity, mortality and policyholder behaviour; the accuracy of other estimates used in applying accounting policies, actuarial methods and embedded value methods; our ability to implement effective hedging strategies and unforeseen consequences arising from such strategies; our ability to source appropriate assets to back our long-dated liabilities; level of competition and consolidation; our ability to market and distribute products through current and future distribution channels; unforeseen liabilities or asset impairments arising from acquisitions and dispositions of businesses; the realization of losses arising from the sale of investments classified as fair value through other comprehensive income; our liquidity, including the availability of financing to satisfy existing financial liabilities on expected maturity dates when required; obligations to pledge additional collateral;

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   66


Table of Contents

the availability of letters of credit to provide capital management flexibility; accuracy of information received from counterparties and the ability of counterparties to meet their obligations; the availability, affordability and adequacy of reinsurance; legal and regulatory proceedings, including tax audits, tax litigation or similar proceedings; our ability to adapt products and services to the changing market; our ability to attract and retain key executives, employees and agents; the appropriate use and interpretation of complex models or deficiencies in models used; political, legal, operational and other risks associated with our non-North American operations; geopolitical uncertainty, including international conflicts; acquisitions and our ability to complete acquisitions including the availability of equity and debt financing for this purpose; the disruption of or changes to key elements of the Company’s or public infrastructure systems; environmental concerns, including climate change; our ability to protect our intellectual property and exposure to claims of infringement; and our inability to withdraw cash from subsidiaries and the fact that the amount and timing of any future common share repurchases will depend on the earnings, cash requirements and financial condition of Manulife, market conditions, capital requirements (including under LICAT capital standards), common share issuance requirements, applicable law and regulations (including Canadian and U.S. securities laws and Canadian insurance company regulations), and other factors deemed relevant by Manulife, and may be subject to regulatory approval or conditions.

Additional information about material risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations and about material factors or assumptions applied in making forward-looking statements may be found in this document under “Risk Management and Risk Factors Update” and “Critical Actuarial and Accounting Policies”, under “Risk Management and Risk Factors” and “Critical Actuarial and Accounting Policies” in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis in our most recent annual report and, in the “Risk Management” note to the consolidated financial statements in our most recent annual and interim reports and elsewhere in our filings with Canadian and U.S. securities regulators.

The forward-looking statements in this document are, unless otherwise indicated, stated as of the date hereof and are presented for the purpose of assisting investors and others in understanding our financial position and results of operations, our future operations, as well as our objectives and strategic priorities, and may not be appropriate for other purposes. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

 

E5

Quarterly financial information

The following table provides summary information related to our eight most recently completed quarters. With the adoption of IFRS 17 and IFRS 9 on January 1, 2023, we have restated 2022 quarterly information using the new standards.

 

                                                                                                                               
As at and for the three months ended
(
$ millions, except per share amounts or
otherwise stated)
  

Mar 31,

2024

    

Dec 31,

2023

    

Sept 30,

2023

    

Jun 30,

2023

    

Mar 31,

2023

    

Dec 31,

2022

    

Sept 30,

2022

    

Jun 30,

2022

 

Revenue

                       

Insurance revenue

   $ 6,497      $ 6,414      $ 6,215      $ 5,580      $ 5,763      $ 6,128      $ 5,560      $ 5,732  

Net investment result

     4,493        6,784        1,265        4,819        5,153        1,440        2,439        (2,454)  

Other revenue

     1,808        1,719        1,645        1,691        1,691        1,671        1,547        1,446  

Total revenue

   $ 12,798      $ 14,917      $ 9,125      $ 12,090      $ 12,607      $ 9,239      $ 9,546      $ 4,724  

Income (loss) before income taxes

   $ 1,252      $ 2,123      $ 1,174      $ 1,436      $ 1,719      $ 697      $ 484      $ (2,656)  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

     (280)        (322)        51        (265)        (309)        226        (60)        553  

Net income (loss)

   $ 972      $ 1,801      $ 1,225      $ 1,171      $ 1,410      $ 923      $ 424      $ (2,103)  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders

   $ 866      $ 1,659      $ 1,013      $ 1,025      $ 1,406      $ 915      $ 491      $ (2,119)  

Basic earnings (loss) per common share

   $ 0.45      $ 0.86      $ 0.53      $ 0.50      $ 0.73      $ 0.43      $ 0.23      $ (1.13)  

Diluted earnings (loss) per common share

   $ 0.45      $ 0.86      $ 0.52      $ 0.50      $ 0.73      $ 0.43      $ 0.23      $ (1.13)  

Segregated funds deposits

   $ 12,206      $ 10,361      $ 10,172      $ 10,147      $ 11,479      $ 10,165      $ 9,841      $ 10,094  

Total assets (in billions)

   $ 907      $ 876      $ 836      $ 851      $ 862      $ 834      $ 818      $ 810  

Weighted average common shares (in millions)

     1,805        1,810        1,826        1,842        1,858        1,878        1,902        1,921  

Diluted weighted average common shares (in millions)

     1,810        1,814        1,829        1,846        1,862        1,881        1,904        1,924  

Dividends per common share

   $ 0.400      $ 0.365      $ 0.365      $ 0.365      $ 0.365      $ 0.330      $ 0.330      $ 0.330  

CDN$ to US$1 - Statement of Financial Position

     1.3533        1.3186        1.3520        1.3233        1.3534        1.3549        1.3740        1.2900  

CDN$ to US$1 - Statement of Income

     1.3485        1.3612        1.3411        1.3430        1.3524        1.3575        1.3057        1.2765  

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   67


Table of Contents
E6

Revenue

 

Revenue    Quarterly Results  
($ millions, unaudited)    1Q24      4Q23      1Q23  

Insurance revenue

   $ 6,497      $ 6,414      $ 5,763  

Net investment income

     4,493        6,784        5,153  

Other revenue

     1,808        1,719        1,691  

Total revenue

   $   12,798      $    14,917      $    12,607  

Asia

   $ 3,586      $ 3,572      $ 3,283  

Canada

     3,540        4,663        3,545  

U.S.

     3,691        4,566        3,856  

Global Wealth and Asset Management

     1,552        1,632        1,451  

Corporate and Other

     429        484        472  

Total revenue

   $ 12,798      $ 14,917      $ 12,607  

Total revenue was $12.8 billion in 1Q24 compared with $12.6 billion in 1Q23 due to an increase in insurance revenue and other revenue, partially offset by lower net investment income.

By segment, the increase in revenue reflected a higher insurance revenue in the U.S, Canada and Asia, and higher other revenue in Global WAM and Asia. Net investment income declined in the U.S., Canada and Corporate and Other and increased in Asia and Global WAM.

 

E7

Other

No changes were made in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2024, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

As in prior quarters, MFC’s Audit Committee has reviewed this MD&A and the unaudited interim financial report and MFC’s Board of Directors approved this MD&A prior to its release.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   68


Table of Contents
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

 

                                                                   

As at

(Canadian $ in millions, unaudited)

   March 31, 2024      December 31, 2023  

Assets

     

Cash and short-term securities

   $ 21,481      $ 20,338  

Debt securities

     200,103        212,149  

Public equities

     27,695        25,531  

Mortgages

     52,605        52,421  

Private placements

     45,762        45,606  

Loans to Bank clients

     2,383        2,436  

Real estate

     13,052        13,049  

Other invested assets

     47,595        45,680  

Total invested assets (note 3)

     410,676        417,210  

Other assets

     

Accrued investment income

     2,971        2,678  

Derivatives (note 4)

     8,368        8,546  

Insurance contract assets (note 5)

     140        145  

Reinsurance contract held assets (note 5)

     54,070        42,651  

Deferred tax assets

     6,467        6,739  

Goodwill and intangible assets

     10,399        10,310  

Miscellaneous

     12,019        9,751  

Total other assets

     94,434        80,820  

Segregated funds net assets (note 15)

     402,109        377,544  

Total assets

   $ 907,219      $ 875,574  

Liabilities and Equity

     

Liabilities

     

Insurance contract liabilities, excluding those for account of segregated fund holders (note 5)

   $ 370,940      $ 367,996  

Reinsurance contract held liabilities (note 5)

     2,987        2,831  

Investment contract liabilities (note 6)

     12,174        11,816  

Deposits from Bank clients

     21,871        21,616  

Derivatives (note 4)

     13,465        11,730  

Deferred tax liabilities

     1,818        1,697  

Other liabilities

     18,534        18,879  

Long-term debt (note 8)

     6,233        6,071  

Capital instruments (note 9)

     7,196        6,667  

Total liabilities, excluding those for account of segregated fund holders

     455,218        449,303  

Insurance contract liabilities for account of segregated fund holders (note 5)

     119,896        114,143  

Investment contract liabilities for account of segregated fund holders

     282,213        263,401  

Insurance and investment contract liabilities for account of segregated fund holders (note 15)

     402,109        377,544  

Total liabilities

     857,327        826,847  

Equity

     

Preferred shares and other equity (note 10)

     6,660        6,660  

Common shares (note 10)

     21,488        21,527  

Contributed surplus

     217        222  

Shareholders and other equity holders’ retained earnings

     4,779        4,819  

Shareholders and other equity holders’ accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”):

     

Insurance finance income (expenses)

     34,196        30,010  

Reinsurance finance income (expenses)

     (5,753)        (4,634)  

Fair value through other comprehensive income (“OCI”) investments

     (18,715)        (16,262)  

Translation of foreign operations

     5,393        4,801  

Other

     (15)        (104)  

Total shareholders and other equity holders’ equity

     48,250        47,039  

Participating policyholders’ equity

     314        257  

Non-controlling interests

     1,328        1,431  

Total equity

     49,892        48,727  

Total liabilities and equity

   $ 907,219      $ 875,574  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

LOGO     LOGO
Roy Gori     Don Lindsay
President and Chief Executive Officer     Chair of the Board of Directors

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   69


Table of Contents
Consolidated Statements of Income

 

                                           

For the three months ended March 31,

(Canadian $ in millions except per share amounts, unaudited)

   2024     2023  

Insurance service result

    

Insurance revenue (note 5)

   $ 6,497     $ 5,763  

Insurance service expenses

     (5,272)       (4,782)  

Net expenses from reinsurance contracts held

     (247)       (132)  

Total insurance service result

     978       849  

Investment result

    

Investment income (note 3)

    

Investment income

     4,251       3,520  

Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on assets supporting insurance and investment contract liabilities

     538       1,944  

Investment expenses

     (296)       (311)  

Net investment income (loss)

     4,493       5,153  

Insurance finance income (expenses) and effect of movement in foreign exchange rates (note 5)

     (4,458)       (3,778)  

Reinsurance finance income (expenses) and effect of movement in foreign exchange rates (note 5)

     424       (322)  

Decrease (increase) in investment contract liabilities

     (111)       (83)  
     348       970  

Segregated funds investment result (note 15)

    

Investment income related to segregated funds net assets

     22,626       17,613  

Financial changes related to insurance and investment contract liabilities for account of segregated fund holders

     (22,626)       (17,613)  

Net segregated funds investment result

            

Total investment result

     348       970  

Other revenue (note 11)

     1,808       1,691  

General expenses

     (1,102)       (1,086)  

Commissions related to non-insurance contracts

     (356)       (338)  

Interest expenses

     (424)       (367)  

Net income (loss) before income taxes

     1,252       1,719  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

     (280)       (309)  

Net income (loss)

   $ 972     $ 1,410  

Net income (loss) attributed to:

    

Non-controlling interests

   $ 55     $ 54  

Participating policyholders

     51       (50)  

Shareholders and other equity holders

     866       1,406  
     $ 972     $ 1,410  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders

   $ 866     $ 1,406  

Preferred share dividends and other equity distributions

     (55)       (52)  

Common shareholders’ net income (loss)

   $ 811     $ 1,354  

Earnings per share

    

Basic earnings per common share (note 10)

   $ 0.45     $ 0.73  

Diluted earnings per common share (note 10)

     0.45       0.73  

Dividends per common share

     0.40       0.37  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   70


Table of Contents
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

 

                                                 
For the three months ended March 31,       
(Canadian $ in millions, unaudited)    2024      2023  

Net income (loss)

   $ 972      $ 1,410  

Other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”), net of tax:

     

Items that may be subsequently reclassified to net income:

     

Foreign exchange gains (losses) on:

     

Translation of foreign operations

     747        28  

Net investment hedges

     (155)        19  

Insurance finance income (expenses)

     4,047        (7,096)  

Reinsurance finance income (expenses)

     (1,084)        788  

Fair value through OCI investments:

     

Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period on assets supporting insurance and investment contract liabilities

     (3,396)        6,482  

Reclassification of net realized gains (losses) and provision for credit losses recognized in income

     895        46  

Other

     39        (33)  

Total items that may be subsequently reclassified to net income

     1,093        234  

Items that will not be reclassified to net income

     49        (14)  

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

     1,142        220  

Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

   $ 2,114      $ 1,630  

Total comprehensive income (loss) attributed to:

     

Non-controlling interests

   $ (104)      $ 84  

Participating policyholders

     57        (58)  

Shareholders and other equity holders

     2,161        1,604  
Income Taxes included in Other Comprehensive Income

 

For the three months ended March 31,       
(Canadian $ in millions, unaudited)    2024      2023  

Income tax expenses (recoveries) on:

     

Unrealized foreign exchange gains (losses) on net investment hedges

   $ (7)      $ 2  

Insurance / reinsurance finance income (expenses)

     949        (1,328)  

Unrealized gains (losses) on fair value through OCI investments

     (739)        1,306  

Reclassification of net realized gains (losses) on fair value through OCI investments

     186         

Other

     25        (14)  

Total income tax expenses (recoveries)

   $ 414      $ (34)  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   71


Table of Contents
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

 

For the three months ended March 31,              
(Canadian $ in millions, unaudited)    2024      2023  

Preferred shares and other equity

     

Balance, beginning of period

   $ 6,660      $ 6,660  

Issued (note 10)

             

Balance, end of period

     6,660        6,660  

Common shares

     

Balance, beginning of period

     21,527        22,178  

Repurchased (note 10)

     (74)        (186)  

Issued on exercise of stock options and deferred share units

     35        20  

Balance, end of period

     21,488        22,012  

Contributed surplus

     

Balance, beginning of period

     222        238  

Exercise of stock options and deferred share units

     (5)        (4)  

Stock option expense

            1  

Balance, end of period

     217        235  

Shareholders and other equity holders’ retained earnings

     

Balance, beginning of period

          4,819             3,947  

Opening adjustment of financial assets at adoption of IFRS 9

            (409)  

Restated balance, beginning of period

     4,819        3,538  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders and other equity holders

     866        1,406  

Common shares repurchased

     (129)        (212)  

Common share dividends

     (722)        (671)  

Preferred share dividends and other equity distributions

     (55)        (52)  

Balance, end of period

     4,779        4,009  

Shareholders and other equity holders’ accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”)

     

Balance, beginning of period

     13,811        13,853  

Opening adjustment of financial assets at adoption of IFRS 9

            408  

Restated balance, beginning of period

     13,811        14,261  

Change in unrealized foreign exchange gains (losses) on net foreign operations

     592        45  

Changes in insurance / reinsurance finance income (expenses)

     3,067        (5,682)  

Change in unrealized gains (losses) on fair value through OCI investments

     (2,453)        5,882  

Other changes in OCI attributed to shareholders and other equity holders

     89        (47)  

Balance, end of period

     15,106        14,459  

Total shareholders and other equity holders’ equity, end of period

     48,250        47,375  

Participating policyholders’ equity

     

Balance, beginning of period

     257        (77)  

Net income (loss) attributed to participating policyholders

     51        (50)  

Other comprehensive income (losses) attributed to participating policyholders

     6        (8)  

Balance, end of period

     314        (135)  

Non-controlling interests

     

Balance, beginning of period

     1,431        1,427  

Net income (loss) attributed to non-controlling interests

     55        54  

Other comprehensive income (losses) attributed to non-controlling interests

     (159)        30  

Contributions (distributions and acquisition), net

     1         

Balance, end of period

     1,328        1,511  

Total equity, end of period

   $ 49,892      $ 48,751  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   72


Table of Contents
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 

For the three months ended March 31,              

(Canadian $ in millions, unaudited)

     2024        2023  

Operating activities

     

Net income (loss)

   $ 972      $ 1,410  

Adjustments:

     

Increase (decrease) in insurance contract net liabilities

     1,004        6,162  

Increase (decrease) in investment contract liabilities

     111        83  

(Increase) decrease in reinsurance contract assets, excluding reinsurance transaction noted below (note 5)

     (316)        356  

Amortization of (premium) discount on invested assets

     (61)        28  

Contractual service margin (“CSM”) amortization

     (592)        (447)  

Other amortization

     146        138  

Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses and impairment on assets

     299        (1,863)  

Deferred income tax expenses (recoveries)

     2        117  

Loss on reinsurance transaction (pre-tax) (note 5)

     118         

Stock option expense

            1  

Cash provided by operating activities before undernoted items

          1,683             5,985  

Changes in policy related and operating receivables and payables

     2,893        (3,030)  

Cash provided by (used in) operating activities

     4,576        2,955  

Investing activities

     

Purchases and mortgage advances

     (36,472)        (22,286)  

Disposals and repayments

     32,745        17,928  

Change in investment broker net receivables and payables

     223        405  

Cash provided by (used in) investing activities

     (3,504)        (3,953)  

Financing activities

     

Change in repurchase agreements and securities sold but not yet purchased

     (81)        152  

Issue of capital instruments, net (note 9)

     1,094        1,194  

Redemption of capital instruments (note 9)

     (609)         

Secured borrowing from securitization transactions

     131        194  

Change in deposits from Bank clients, net

     244        (686)  

Lease payments

     (30)        (11)  

Shareholders’ dividends and other equity distributions

     (777)        (723)  

Contributions from (distributions to) non-controlling interests, net

     1         

Common shares repurchased (note 10)

     (203)        (398)  

Common shares issued, net (note 10)

     35        20  

Cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     (195)        (258)  

Cash and short-term securities

     

Increase (decrease) during the period

     877        (1,256)  

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and short-term securities

     264        11  

Balance, beginning of period

     19,884        18,635  

Balance, end of period

     21,025        17,390  

Cash and short-term securities

     

Beginning of period

     

Gross cash and short-term securities

     20,338        19,153  

Net payments in transit, included in other liabilities

     (454)        (518)  

Net cash and short-term securities, beginning of period

     19,884        18,635  

End of period

     

Gross cash and short-term securities

     21,481        18,775  

Net payments in transit, included in other liabilities

     (456)        (1,385)  

Net cash and short-term securities, end of period

   $ 21,025      $ 17,390  

Supplemental disclosures on cash flow information

     

Interest received

   $ 3,124      $ 2,627  

Interest paid

     386        329  

Income taxes paid

     517        131  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   73


Table of Contents

CONDENSED NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Canadian $ in millions except per share amounts or unless otherwise stated, unaudited)

 

Note 1 Nature of Operations and Material Accounting Policy Information

(a) Reporting entity

Manulife Financial Corporation (“MFC”) is a publicly traded company and the holding company of The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company (“MLI”), a Canadian life insurance company. MFC, including its subsidiaries (collectively, “Manulife” or the “Company”) is a leading financial services group with principal operations in Asia, Canada and the United States. Manulife’s international network of employees, agents and distribution partners offers financial protection and wealth management products and services to personal and business clients as well as asset management services to institutional customers. The Company operates as Manulife in Asia and Canada and as John Hancock and Manulife in the United States.

These Interim Consolidated Financial Statements and condensed notes have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 34 “Interim Financial Reporting” as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”), using accounting policies which are consistent with those used in the Company’s 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

These Interim Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, included on pages 155 to 276 of the Company’s 2023 Annual Report, as well as the disclosures on risk in denoted components of the “Risk Management and Risk Factors” section of the First Quarter 2024 Management Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”). Those denoted risk disclosures are an integral part of these Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

These Interim Consolidated Financial Statements as at and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were authorized for issue by MFC’s Board of Directors on May 8, 2024.

(b) Basis of preparation

Refer to note 1 of the Company’s 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for a summary of material estimation processes used in the preparation of these Interim Consolidated Financial Statements under International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) and description of the Company’s measurement techniques in determining carrying values and respective fair values of its assets and liabilities.

 

Note 2 Accounting and Reporting Changes

Future accounting and reporting changes

(I) IFRS 18 “Presentation and Disclosure in the Financial Statements”

IFRS 18 “Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements” (“IFRS 18”) was issued in April 2024 to be effective for years beginning on January 1, 2027 and to be applied retrospectively. The standard replaces IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements” (“IAS 1”) while carrying forward many elements of IAS 1 unchanged. IFRS 18 introduces three sets of new requirements for presentation of financial statements and disclosures within financial statements:

 

   

Introduction of a specific structure for income statements, to include three defined categories of income and expenses: operating, investing and financing activities, with defined subtotals including operating profit and income before financing and income taxes,

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   74


Table of Contents
   

Required disclosure of management-defined performance measures (“MPM”) with a reconciliation between these measures and totals or subtotals specified by IFRS Accounting Standards. These disclosures will be subject to audit. MPMs are defined as subtotals of income and expenses not specified by IFRS Accounting Standards that are used in public communications to communicate management’s view of the Company’s financial performance, and

 

   

Enhanced guidance on organizing information and determining whether to provide the information in the financial statements or in the notes. IFRS 18 also requires enhanced disclosure of operating expenses based on their characteristics, including their nature, function or both.

The Company is assessing the impact of this standard on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

(II) Amendments to IAS 12 “Income Taxes”

Amendments to IAS 12 “Income Taxes” (“IAS 12”) were issued in May 2023. The amendments relate to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s International Pillar Two tax reform, which seeks to establish a global minimum tax (“GMT”) of fifteen per cent and address inter-jurisdictional base erosion and profit shifting, targeting larger international companies. Most jurisdictions have agreed to participate and effective dates for the GMT vary by jurisdiction based on local legislation.

The amendments require that, effective for the year ended December 31, 2023, disclosure of current tax expense or recovery related to the GMT is required along with, to the extent that the GMT legislation is enacted or substantively enacted but not yet in effect, disclosure of known or reasonably estimable information that helps users of financial statements understand the Company’s exposure to the GMT arising from that legislation. As of March 31, 2024, certain jurisdictions in which the Company operates, including Belgium, Ireland, Japan, Luxembourg, Malaysia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam, have enacted legislation to adopt the GMT. The assessment of the Company’s potential exposure to the GMT in these jurisdictions is based on the most recent information available regarding the financial performance of the constituent entities therein. Based on the assessment, the Company’s operations within these jurisdictions do not have a material exposure to the GMT and therefore no disclosure of current tax expense or recovery related to the GMT is provided.

The United States adopted a corporate alternative minimum tax (“CAMT”) of fifteen per cent, with an effective date of January 1, 2023. CAMT is not a Qualifying Domestic Minimum Top-up Tax for the purposes of the GMT.

In response to the GMT, Bermuda enacted the Corporate Income Tax 2023 Act on December 27, 2023. The Company’s Bermuda tax-resident subsidiaries and branches will be subject to this new tax regime effective January 1, 2025, at a rate of fifteen per cent. The Bermuda corporate income tax is not a Qualifying Domestic Minimum Top-up Tax for the purposes of the GMT.

Countries without a qualified domestic minimum top-up tax of their own will be in scope for Canada’s global minimum tax calculations, once enacted. The Company does not expect this will affect Manulife’s total global minimum tax exposure; however, it will dictate which jurisdiction has the taxing right for local country income.

The amendments introduce a temporary mandatory exception in IAS 12 from recognizing and disclosing deferred tax assets and liabilities related to the GMT. The Company has applied the mandatory temporary exception from accounting for deferred taxes in respect of the GMT.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   75


Table of Contents

Note 3 Invested Assets and Investment Income

 

(a) Carrying values and fair values of invested assets

 

As at March 31, 2024    FVTPL(1)      FVOCI(2)      Other(3)      Total
carrying
value
     Total fair
value(4)
 

Cash and short-term securities(5)

   $ 15      $ 14,011      $ 7,455      $ 21,481      $ 21,481  

Debt securities(6),(8)

              

Canadian government and agency

     1,105        19,120               20,225        20,225  

U.S. government and agency

     48        26,301        911        27,260        27,009  

Other government and agency

     90        30,395               30,485        30,485  

Corporate

     2,392        117,461        497        120,350        120,181  

Mortgage / asset-backed securities

     16        1,767               1,783        1,783  

Public equities (FVTPL mandatory)

     27,695                      27,695        27,695  

Mortgages

     1,102        28,458        23,045        52,605        52,566  

Private placements(7)

     649        45,113               45,762        45,762  

Loans to Bank clients

                   2,383        2,383        2,358  

Real estate

              

Own use property(8)

                   2,598        2,598        2,719  

Investment property

                   10,454        10,454        10,454  

Other invested assets

              

Alternative long-duration assets(9)

     31,234        401        11,566        43,201        44,244  

Various other

     130               4,264        4,394        4,394  

Total invested assets

   $  64,476      $  283,027      $  63,173      $  410,676      $  411,356  

 

As at December 31, 2023    FVTPL(1)      FVOCI(2)      Other(3)      Total
carrying
value
     Total fair
value(4)
 

Cash and short-term securities(5)

   $ 1      $ 13,993      $ 6,344      $ 20,338      $ 20,338  

Debt securities(6),(8)

              

Canadian government and agency

     1,219        19,769               20,988        20,988  

U.S. government and agency

     1,303        26,287        888        28,478        28,251  

Other government and agency

     90        30,576               30,666        30,666  

Corporate

     2,372        127,190        484        130,046        129,899  

Mortgage / asset-backed securities

     16        1,955               1,971        1,971  

Public equities (FVTPL mandatory)

     25,531                      25,531        25,531  

Mortgages

     1,055        28,473        22,893        52,421        52,310  

Private placements(7)

     654        44,952               45,606        45,606  

Loans to Bank clients

                   2,436        2,436        2,411  

Real estate

              

Own use property(8)

                   2,591        2,591        2,716  

Investment property

                   10,458        10,458        10,458  

Other invested assets

              

Alternative long-duration assets(9)

     29,671        360        11,403        41,434        42,313  

Various other

     126               4,120        4,246        4,246  

Total invested assets

   $  62,038      $  293,555      $  61,617      $  417,210      $  417,704  
(1) 

Fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”) classification was elected for debt instruments backing certain insurance contract liabilities to substantially reduce any accounting mismatch arising from changes in the fair value of these assets, or changes in the carrying value of the related insurance contract liabilities.

(2) 

Fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”) classification for debt instruments backing certain insurance contract liabilities inherently reduces any accounting mismatch arising from changes in the fair value of these assets, or changes in the carrying value of the related insurance contract liabilities.

(3) 

Other includes mortgages and loans to Bank clients held at amortized cost, own use properties, investment properties, equity method accounted investments, and leveraged leases. Also includes debt securities, which qualify as having Solely Payment of Principal and Interest (“SPPI”), are held to collect contractual cash flows and are carried at amortized cost.

(4) 

Invested assets above include debt securities, mortgages, private placements and approximately $401 (December 31, 2023 – $360) of other invested assets, which primarily qualify as SPPI. Invested assets which do not have SPPI qualifying cash flows as at March 31, 2024 include debt securities, private placements and other invested assets with fair values of $1, $115 and $532, respectively (December 31, 2023 – $nil, $115 and $539, respectively). The change in the fair value of these invested assets for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $6 decrease ($49 increase during the year ended December 31, 2023).

(5) 

Includes short-term securities with maturities of less than one year at acquisition amounting to $6,999 (December 31, 2023 – $6,162), cash equivalents with maturities of less than 90 days at acquisition amounting to $7,030 (December 31, 2023 – $7,832) and cash of $7,452 (December 31, 2023 – $6,344).

(6) 

Debt securities include securities which were acquired with maturities of less than one year and less than 90 days of $1,403 and $672, respectively (December 31, 2023 – $1,294 and $1,413, respectively).

(7) 

Floating rate invested assets above which are subject to interest rate benchmark reform, but have not yet transitioned to replacement reference rates, include debt securities benchmarked to CDOR and AUD BBSW of $170 and $15, respectively (December 31, 2023 – $167 and $16, respectively), and private placements benchmarked to AUD BBSW and NZD BKBM of $194 and $59, respectively (December 31, 2023 – $198 and $61, respectively). Exposures indexed to CDOR represent floating rate invested assets with maturity dates beyond June 28, 2024. The interest rate benchmark reform is expected to have an impact on the valuation of invested assets whose value is tied to the affected interest rate benchmarks. The Company has assessed its exposure at the contract level, by benchmark and instrument type. The Company is monitoring market developments with respect to alternative reference rates and the time horizon during which they will evolve. As at March 31, 2024, the interest rate benchmark reform has not resulted in material changes in the Company’s risk management strategy.

(8) 

Own use property of $2,434 as at March 31, 2024 (December 31, 2023 – $2,430), are underlying items for insurance contracts with direct participating features and are measured at fair value as if they were investment properties, as permitted by IAS 16 “Property, Plant and Equipment”. Own use property of $164 (December 31, 2023 – $161) is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.

(9) 

Alternative long-duration assets (“ALDA”) include investments in private equity of $16,256, infrastructure of $15,796, timber and agriculture of $5,809, energy of $1,846 and various other ALDA of $3,494 (December 31, 2023 – $15,445, $14,950, $5,719, $1,859, and $3,461, respectively).

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   76


Table of Contents

(b) Fair value measurement

The following tables present fair values and the fair value hierarchy of invested assets and segregated funds net assets measured at fair value in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

 

As at March 31, 2024    Total fair
value
     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Cash and short-term securities

           

FVOCI

   $ 14,011      $      $ 14,011      $  

FVTPL

     15               15         

Other

     7,452        7,452                

Debt securities

           

FVOCI

           

Canadian government and agency

     19,120               19,120         

U.S. government and agency

     26,301               26,301         

Other government and agency

     30,395               30,381        14  

Corporate

     117,461               117,226        235  

Residential mortgage-backed securities

     6               6         

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

     356               356         

Other asset-backed securities

     1,405               1,386        19  

FVTPL

           

Canadian government and agency

     1,105               1,105         

U.S. government and agency

     48               48         

Other government and agency

     90               90         

Corporate

     2,392        1        2,391         

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

     1               1         

Other asset-backed securities

     15               15         

Private placements(1)

           

FVOCI

     45,113               37,595        7,518  

FVTPL

     649               597        52  

Mortgages

           

FVOCI

     28,458                      28,458  

FVTPL

     1,102                      1,102  

Public equities

           

FVTPL

     27,695        27,581        72        42  

Real estate(2)

           

Investment property

     10,454                      10,454  

Own use property

     2,434                      2,434  

Other invested assets(3)

     35,344        71               35,273  

Segregated funds net assets(4)

     402,109        366,486        32,183        3,440  

Total

   $  773,531      $  401,591      $  282,899      $  89,041  
(1) 

Fair value of private placements is determined through an internal valuation methodology using both observable and non-market observable inputs. Non-market observable inputs include credit assumptions and liquidity spread adjustments. Private placements are classified within Level 2 unless the liquidity adjustment constitutes a material price impact, in which case the securities are classified as Level 3.

(2) 

For real estate properties, the significant non-market observable inputs are capitalization rates ranging from 2.26% to 9.50% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 (ranging from 2.72% to 10.75% for the year ended December 31, 2023), terminal capitalization rates ranging from 3.10% to 9.50% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 (ranging from 3.00% to 10.00% for the year ended December 31, 2023) and discount rates ranging from 3.20% to 13.75% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 (ranging from 3.20% to 14.00% for the year ended December 31, 2023). Holding other factors constant, a lower capitalization or terminal capitalization rate will tend to increase the fair value of an investment property. Changes in fair value based on variations in non-market observable inputs generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship between the directional changes of each input is not usually linear.

(3) 

Other invested assets measured at fair value are held in infrastructure and timber sectors and include fund investments of $28,976 as at March 31, 2024 (December 31, 2023 – $27,532) recorded at net asset value. The significant inputs used in the valuation of the Company’s infrastructure investments are primarily future distributable cash flows, terminal values and discount rates. Holding other factors constant, an increase to future distributable cash flows or terminal values would tend to increase the fair value of an infrastructure investment, while an increase in the discount rate would have the opposite effect. Discount rates for the three months ended March 31, 2024 ranged from 7.48% to 20.00% (ranged from 7.35% to 15.60% for the year ended December 31, 2023). Disclosure of distributable cash flow and terminal value ranges are not meaningful given the disparity in estimates by project. The significant inputs used in the valuation of the Company’s investments in timberland properties are timber prices and discount rates. Holding other factors constant, an increase to timber prices would tend to increase the fair value of a timberland investment, while an increase in the discount rates would have the opposite effect. Discount rates for the three months ended March 31, 2024 ranged from 4.00% to 7.00% (ranged from 4.00% to 7.00% for the year ended December 31, 2023). A range of prices for timber is not meaningful as the market price depends on factors such as property location and proximity to markets and export yards.

(4) 

Segregated funds net assets are measured at fair value. The Company’s Level 3 segregated funds underlying assets are predominantly in investment properties and timberland properties valued as described above.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   77


Table of Contents
As at December 31, 2023    Total fair
value
     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Cash and short-term securities

           

FVOCI

   $ 13,993      $      $ 13,993      $  

FVTPL

     1               1         

Other

     6,343        6,343                

Debt securities

           

FVOCI

           

Canadian government and agency

     19,769               19,769         

U.S. government and agency

     26,287               26,287         

Other government and agency

     30,576               30,566        10  

Corporate

     127,190               126,959        231  

Residential mortgage-backed securities

     6               6         

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

     370               370         

Other asset-backed securities

     1,579               1,558        21  

FVTPL

           

Canadian government and agency

     1,219               1,219         

U.S. government and agency

     1,303               1,303         

Other government and agency

     90               90         

Corporate

     2,372               2,372         

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

     1               1         

Other asset-backed securities

     15               15         

Private placements(1)

           

FVOCI

     44,952               37,270        7,682  

FVTPL

     654               575        79  

Mortgages

           

FVOCI

     28,473                      28,473  

FVTPL

     1,055                      1,055  

Public equities

           

FVTPL

     25,531        25,423        67        41  

Real estate(2)

           

Investment property

     10,458                      10,458  

Own use property

     2,430                      2,430  

Other invested assets(3)

     33,653        68               33,585  

Segregated funds net assets(4)

     377,544        343,061        30,991        3,492  

Total

   $  755,864      $  374,895      $  293,412      $  87,557  

Note: For footnotes (1) to (4), refer to the “Fair value measurement” table as at March 31, 2024 above.

The following tables present fair value of invested assets not measured at fair value by the fair value hierarchy.

 

As at March 31, 2024   

Carrying

value

     Total fair
value
     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Short-term securities

   $ 3      $ 3      $      $ 3      $  

Mortgages

     23,045        23,006                      23,006  

Loans to Bank clients

     2,383        2,358               2,358         

Real estate - own use property

     164        285                      285  

Public bonds held at amortized cost

     1,408        988               988         

Other invested assets(1)

     12,251        13,294        245               13,049  

Total invested assets disclosed at fair value

   $ 39,254      $ 39,934      $ 245      $ 3,349      $ 36,340  
As at December 31, 2023    Carrying
value
     Total fair
value
     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Short-term securities

   $ 1      $ 1      $      $ 1      $  

Mortgages

     22,893        22,782                      22,782  

Loans to Bank clients

     2,436        2,411               2,411         

Real estate - own use property

     161        286                      286  

Public bonds held at amortized cost

     1,372        998               998         

Other invested assets(1)

     12,027        12,906        240               12,666  

Total invested assets disclosed at fair value

   $  38,890      $  39,384      $    240      $  3,410      $  35,734  
(1)

The carrying value of other invested assets includes equity method accounted other invested assets of $8,321 (December 31, 2023 – $8,237) and leveraged leases of $3,930 (December 31, 2023 – $3,790). Fair value of leveraged leases is disclosed at their carrying values as fair value is not routinely calculated on these investments. Fair value for energy properties is determined using external appraisals based on discounted cash flow methodology. Inputs used in valuation are primarily comprised of forecasted price curves, planned production, as well as capital expenditures, and operating costs. Fair value of equity method accounted other invested assets is determined using a variety of valuation techniques including discounted cash flows and market comparable approaches. Inputs vary based on the specific investment.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   78


Table of Contents

Transfers between Level 1 and Level 2

The Company records transfers of assets and liabilities between Level 1 and Level 2 at their fair values as at the end of each reporting period, consistent with the date of the determination of fair value. Assets are transferred out of Level 1 when they are no longer transacted with sufficient frequency and volume in an active market. Conversely, assets are transferred from Level 2 to Level 1 when transaction volume and frequency are indicative of an active market. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, there were no transfers of assets between Level 1 and Level 2.

For segregated funds net assets, during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, there were no transfers of assets between Level 1 and Level 2.

Invested assets and segregated funds net assets measured at fair value using significant non-market observable inputs (Level 3)

The Company classifies fair values of invested assets, derivatives and segregated funds net assets as Level 3 if there are no observable markets for these assets or, in the absence of active markets, significant non-market observable inputs are used to determine fair value. The Company prioritizes the use of market-based inputs over non-market observable inputs in determining Level 3 fair values. The gains and losses in the table below include the changes in fair value due to both observable and non-market observable factors.

The following tables present the movement in invested assets, net derivatives and segregated funds net assets measured at fair value using significant non-market observable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023.

 

For the three
months ended
March 31, 2024
   Balance,
January 1,
2024
     Total
gains
(losses)
included
in net
income(1)
     Total
gains
(losses)
included
in AOCI(2)
     Purchases      Sales      Settlements     

Transfer

in(3)

    

Transfer

out(3)

     Currency
movement
     Balance,
March 31,
2024
     Change in
unrealized
gains
(losses)
on assets
still held
 

Debt securities

                                

FVOCI

                                

Other government & agency

   $ 10      $      $      $      $      $      $ 4      $      $      $ 14      $  

Corporate

     231               3                                           1        235         

Other securitized assets

     21               1                      (3)                             19         

Public equities

                                

FVTPL

     41        1                                                         42        1  

Private placements

                                

FVOCI

     7,682        2        32        818        (556)        (251)        196        (514)        109        7,518         

FVTPL

     79        (1)                             (11)               (14)        (1)        52        (1)  

Mortgages

                                

FVOCI

     28,473        9        (311)        483        (470)        (185)                      459        28,458         

FVTPL

     1,055        (8)               90        (28)        (8)                      1        1,102         

Investment property

     10,458        (166)               80        (39)                             121        10,454        (177)  

Own use property

     2,430        (31)               10                                    25        2,434        (31)  

Other invested assets

     33,585        556        33        947        (113)        (258)                      523        35,273        515  

Total invested assets

     84,065        362        (242)        2,428        (1,206)        (716)        200        (528)        1,238        85,601        307  

Derivatives, net

     (2,166)        (576)                             (19)               106        (42)        (2,697)        (585)  

Segregated funds net assets

     3,492        (29)        5        76        (179)        29                      46        3,440        (90)  

Total

   $ 85,391      $ (243)      $ (237)      $ 2,504      $  (1,385)      $ (706)      $ 200      $ (422)      $ 1,242      $ 86,344      $ (368)  
(1) 

These amounts are included in net investment income on the Consolidated Statements of Income except for the amount related to segregated funds net assets, where the amount is recorded in investment income related to segregated funds net assets.

(2) 

These amounts are included in AOCI on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

(3) 

The Company uses fair values of the assets at the beginning of the year for assets transferred into and out of Level 3 except for derivatives, where the Company uses fair value at the end of the period and at the beginning of the year, respectively.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   79


Table of Contents
For the three
months ended
March 31, 2023
   Balance,
January 1,
2023
     Total
gains
(losses)
included
in net
income(1)
     Total
gains
(losses)
included
in AOCI(2)
     Purchases      Sales      Settlements     

Transfer

in(3)

    

Transfer

out(3)

     Currency
movement
     Balance,
March 31,
2023
     Change in
unrealized
gains
(losses)
on assets
still held
 

Debt securities

                                

FVOCI

                                

Other government & agency

   $ 9      $      $      $ 2      $      $      $      $      $ (1)      $ 10      $  

Corporate

     32               (1)                             8                      39         

Other securitized assets

     26                                    (3)                             23         

Public equities

                                

FVTPL

     71                                                  (67)               4         

Private placements

                                

FVOCI

     7,828        (9)        182        849        (258)        (115)        2,237        (272)        26        10,468         

FVTPL

     31        1               12                                           44        1  

Mortgages

                                

FVOCI

     28,621        19        497        324        (258)        (195)                      (27)        28,981         

FVTPL

     1,138        15                      (44)        (11)                             1,098         

Investment property

     11,417        (217)               47        (35)                             (10)        11,202        (215)  

Own use property

     2,682        (18)               2                                    3        2,669        (18)  

Other invested assets

     31,069        305        (1)        1,198        (162)        (310)                      (89)        32,010        310  

Total invested assets

     82,924        96        677        2,434        (757)        (634)        2,245        (339)        (98)        86,548        78  

Derivatives, net

     (3,188)        536                             (1)               351        7        (2,295)        537  

Segregated funds net assets

     3,985        (9)               30        (38)        (4)                      (2)        3,962        4  

Total

   $ 83,721      $ 623      $ 677      $ 2,464      $  (795)      $ (639)      $ 2,245      $ 12      $ (93)      $ 88,215      $ 619  
(1)

For footnotes (1) to (3), refer to the “Invested assets and segregated funds net assets measured at fair value using significant non-market observable inputs (Level 3)” table for the three months ended March 31, 2024 above.

Transfers into Level 3 primarily result from private placements that were impaired during the period or where a lack of observable market data (versus the previous period) resulted in reclassifying assets into Level 3. Transfers from Level 3 primarily result from observable market data becoming available for the entire term structure of the private placements.

(c) Investment income

 

For the three months ended March 31,    2024      2023  

Interest income

   $ 3,436      $ 2,923  

Dividends, rental income and other income

     681        682  

Impairments, provisions and recoveries, net

     37        (191)  

Other

     97        106  

Investment income

     4,251        3,520  

Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on assets supporting insurance and investment contract liabilities

     

Debt securities

     (687)        300  

Public equities

     1,753        1,110  

Mortgages

     (6)        27  

Private placements

     244        83  

Real estate

     (228)        (232)  

Other invested assets

     511        216  

Derivatives

     (1,049)        440  
       538        1,944  

Investment expenses

     (296)        (311)  

Net investment income (loss)

   $ 4,493      $  5,153  

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   80


Table of Contents

(d) Remaining term to maturity

The following tables present remaining term to maturity for invested assets.

 

     Remaining term to maturity(1)         
As at March 31, 2024   

Less than

1 year

     1 to 3
years
     3 to 5
years
     5 to 10
years
     Over 10
years
     With no
specific
maturity
     Total  

Cash and short-term securities

   $ 21,481      $      $      $      $      $      $ 21,481  

Debt securities

                    

Canadian government and agency

     815        1,486        1,486        3,560        12,878               20,225  

U.S. government and agency

     246        724        868        3,804        21,618               27,260  

Other government and agency

     331        996        1,320        3,328        24,510               30,485  

Corporate

     7,953        14,535        15,870        31,698        50,276        18        120,350  

Mortgage / asset-backed securities

     11        201        245        457        869               1,783  

Public equities

                                        27,695        27,695  

Mortgages

     3,739        12,606        9,717        7,524        9,503        9,516        52,605  

Private placements

     1,299        3,704        4,896        9,487        26,308        68        45,762  

Loans to Bank clients

     32        25        3                      2,323        2,383  

Real estate

                    

Own use property

                                        2,598        2,598  

Investment property

                                        10,454        10,454  

Other invested assets

                    

Alternative long-duration assets

     43        21        61        77        735        42,264        43,201  

Various other(2)

            20               3,312        598        464        4,394  

Total invested assets

   $  35,950      $  34,318      $  34,466      $  63,247      $  147,295      $  95,400      $  410,676  

 

     Remaining term to maturity(1)         
As at December 31, 2023   

Less than

1 year

     1 to 3
years
     3 to 5
years
     5 to 10
years
     Over 10
years
     With no
specific
maturity
     Total  

Cash and short-term securities

   $ 20,338      $      $      $      $      $      $ 20,338  

Debt securities

                    

Canadian government and agency

     657        1,435        1,580        3,656        13,660               20,988  

U.S. government and agency

     297        725        744        4,504        22,208               28,478  

Other government and agency

     412        1,052        1,892        3,864        23,446               30,666  

Corporate

     8,475        15,512        18,548        33,361        54,100        50        130,046  

Mortgage / asset-backed securities

     106        153        279        556        877               1,971  

Public equities

                                        25,531        25,531  

Mortgages

     3,363        12,076        10,181        7,690        9,644        9,467        52,421  

Private placements

     1,418        3,486        4,704        9,137        26,790        71        45,606  

Loans to Bank clients

     39        23        1                      2,373        2,436  

Real estate

                    

Own use property

                                        2,591        2,591  

Investment property

                                        10,458        10,458  

Other invested assets

                    

Alternative long-duration assets

            67        22        82        732        40,531        41,434  

Various other(2)

                   19        1,528        2,242        457        4,246  

Total invested assets

   $  35,105      $  34,529      $  37,970      $  64,378      $  153,699      $  91,529      $  417,210  
(1) 

Represents contractual maturity. Actual maturity may differ due to prepayment privileges in the applicable contract.

(2) 

Primarily includes equity method accounted investments and leveraged leases.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   81


Table of Contents

Note 4 Derivative and Hedging Instruments

 

The Company uses derivative financial instruments (“derivatives”) including swaps, forward and futures agreements, and options to manage current and anticipated exposures to changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices and equity market prices, and to replicate exposure to different types of investments. The Company’s policies and procedures for derivative and hedging instruments can be found in notes 1 and 5 of the Company’s 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

(a) Fair value of derivatives

The following table presents gross notional amount and fair value of derivative instruments by the underlying risk exposure.

 

          March 31, 2024      December 31, 2023  
As at         Notional      Fair value      Notional      Fair value  
Type of hedge    Instrument type    amount      Assets      Liabilities      amount      Assets      Liabilities  

Qualifying hedge accounting relationships

                 

Fair value hedges

   Interest rate swaps     $ 193,073       $ 2,682       $ 3,564       $ 184,309       $ 2,627       $ 3,044  
   Foreign currency swaps      7,788        59        1,628        9,055        78        1,518  
   Forward contracts      23,275        112        3,123        23,461        165        2,672  

Cash flow hedges

   Interest rate swaps      8,592        22        22        8,372        20        48  
   Foreign currency swaps      1,151        35        179        1,150        35        181  
   Forward contracts      50                                     
   Equity contracts      418        12               240        3         

Net investment hedges

   Forward contracts      648        6               654               16  

Total derivatives in qualifying hedge accounting relationships

     234,995        2,928        8,516        227,241        2,928        7,479  

Derivatives not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships

                 
   Interest rate swaps      100,492        2,514        3,683        103,806        2,361        3,098  
   Interest rate futures      8,622                      9,449                
   Interest rate options      5,833        24               5,841        33         
   Foreign currency swaps      34,981        1,582        538        33,148        1,873        398  
   Currency rate futures      2,318                      2,581                
   Forward contracts      43,048        554        619        34,080        769        597  
   Equity contracts      21,153        763        65        19,760        579        115  
   Credit default swaps      125        3               131        3         
     Equity futures      3,852                      4,040                

Total derivatives not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships

     220,424        5,440        4,905        212,836        5,618        4,208  

Total derivatives

         $  455,419       $  8,368       $  13,421       $  440,077       $  8,546       $  11,687  

The total notional amount above includes $79 billion (December 31, 2023 – $79 billion) of derivative instruments which reference rates that are impacted under the interest rate benchmark reform, with a significant majority to CDOR. Exposures indexed to CDOR represent derivatives with a maturity date beyond June 28, 2024. Upon adoption of IFRS 9, the Company designated additional existing derivatives in hedge accounting relationships. The exposure in the Company’s hedge accounting programs is primarily to the CDOR benchmark. Compared to the overall risk exposure, the effect of interest rate benchmark reform on existing accounting hedges is not significant. The Company continues to apply high probability and high effectiveness expectation assumptions for cash flows and there would be no automatic de-designation of qualifying hedge relationships due to the impact from interest rate benchmark reform.

The following tables present the fair values of the derivative instruments by the remaining term to maturity. Fair values disclosed below do not incorporate the impact of master netting agreements (refer to note 7).

 

     Remaining term to maturity         
As at March 31, 2024   

Less than

1 year

    

1 to 3

years

    

3 to 5

years

    

Over 5

years

     Total  

Derivative assets

   $ 1,067      $ 579      $ 488      $  6,234      $ 8,368  

Derivative liabilities

     2,153        1,570        827        8,871        13,421  
     Remaining term to maturity         
As at December 31, 2023   

Less than

1 year

    

1 to 3

years

    

3 to 5

years

    

Over 5

years

     Total  

Derivative assets

   $ 1,189      $ 603      $ 573      $ 6,181      $ 8,546  

Derivative liabilities

     1,561        1,982        717        7,427        11,687  

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   82


Table of Contents

Fair value and the fair value hierarchy of derivative instruments

 

                                                               
As at March 31, 2024    Fair value      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Derivative assets

           

Interest rate contracts

   $ 5,653      $      $ 5,300      $ 353  

Foreign exchange contracts

     1,937               1,937         

Equity contracts

     775               757        18  

Credit default swaps

     3               3         

Total derivative assets

   $ 8,368      $      $ 7,997      $ 371  

Derivative liabilities

           

Interest rate contracts

   $ 10,741      $      $ 7,675      $ 3,066  

Foreign exchange contracts

     2,615               2,613        2  

Equity contracts

     65               65         

Total derivative liabilities

   $ 13,421      $      –      $ 10,353      $ 3,068  
As at December 31, 2023    Fair value      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Derivative assets

           

Interest rate contracts

   $ 5,813      $      $ 5,262      $ 551  

Foreign exchange contracts

     2,148               2,148         

Equity contracts

     582               572        10  

Credit default swaps

     3               3         

Total derivative assets

   $ 8,546      $      $ 7,985      $ 561  

Derivative liabilities

           

Interest rate contracts

   $ 9,176      $      $ 6,451      $ 2,725  

Foreign exchange contracts

     2,396               2,395        1  

Equity contracts

     115               114        1  

Total derivative liabilities

   $ 11,687      $      $ 8,960      $ 2,727  

Movement in net derivatives measured at fair value using significant non-market observable inputs (Level 3) is presented in note 3 (b).

(b) Embedded derivatives

Certain insurance contracts contain features that are classified as embedded derivatives and are measured separately at FVTPL, including reinsurance contracts related to guaranteed minimum income benefits and contracts containing certain credit and interest rate features.

Certain reinsurance contracts related to guaranteed minimum income benefits contain embedded derivatives requiring separate measurement at FVTPL as the financial component contained in the reinsurance contracts does not contain significant insurance risk. Claims recovered under reinsurance ceded contracts offset claims expenses and claims paid on the reinsurance assumed. As at March 31, 2024, reinsurance ceded guaranteed minimum income benefits had a fair value of $337 (December 31, 2023 – $402) and reinsurance assumed guaranteed minimum income benefits had a fair value of $nil (December 31, 2023 – $46).

The Company’s credit and interest rate embedded derivatives promise to pay the returns on a portfolio of assets to the contract holder. These embedded derivatives contain credit and interest rate risks that are financial risks embedded in the underlying insurance and investment contracts. As at March 31, 2024, these embedded derivative liabilities had a fair value of $365 (December 31, 2023 – $487).

Other insurance contract features which are classified as embedded derivatives but are exempt from separate measurement at fair value include variable universal life and variable life products’ minimum guaranteed credited rates, no lapse guarantees, guaranteed annuitization options, Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) indexing of benefits, and segregated fund minimum guarantees other than reinsurance ceded/assumed guaranteed minimum income benefits. These embedded derivatives are measured and reported within insurance contract liabilities and are exempt from separate fair value measurement as they contain insurance risk and/or are closely related to the insurance host contracts.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   83


Table of Contents

Note 5 Insurance and Reinsurance Contract Assets and Liabilities

 

(a) Movements in carrying amounts of insurance and reinsurance contracts

The following tables present the movement in the net carrying amounts of insurance contracts issued and reinsurance contracts held during the period for the Company. The changes include amounts that are recognized in income and OCI, and movements due to cash flows.

Insurance contracts – Analysis by measurement components

The following tables present the movement in the net assets or liabilities for insurance contracts issued, showing estimates of the present value of future cash flows, risk adjustment and CSM for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and for the year ended December 31, 2023.

 

      Estimates
of PV of
future cash
flows
    

Risk

adjustment
for non-

financial risk

     CSM      Assets for
insurance
acquisition
cash flows
     Total  

Opening General Measurement Method (“GMM”) and Variable Fee Approach (“VFA”) insurance contract assets

   $ (416)      $ 141      $ 131      $      $ (144)  

Opening GMM and VFA insurance contract liabilities

     310,807        22,697        21,973        (59)        355,418  

Opening Premium Allocation Approach (“PAA”) insurance contract net liabilities

     12,712        626               (761)        12,577  

Opening insurance contract liabilities for account of segregated fund holders

     114,143                             114,143  

Net opening balance, January 1, 2024

     437,246        23,464        22,104        (820)        481,994  

Changes that relate to current services

     (109)        (366)        (640)               (1,115)  

Changes that relate to future services

     (1,342)        152        1,290               100  

Changes that relate to past services

     (21)        (3)                      (24)  

Insurance service result

     (1,472)        (217)        650               (1,039)  

Insurance finance (income) expenses

     (3,151)        (359)        81               (3,429)  

Effects of movements in foreign exchange rates

     5,130        501        329               5,960  

Total changes in income and OCI

     507        (75)        1,060               1,492  

Total cash flows

     1,402                             1,402  

Movements related to insurance acquisition cash flows

     (1)                      (1)        (2)  

Change in PAA balance

     (34)        5                      86        57  

Movements related to insurance contract liabilities for account of segregated fund holders

     5,753                             5,753  

Net closing balance

     444,873        23,394        23,164        (735)          490,696  

Closing GMM and VFA insurance contract assets

     (416)        140        139               (137)  

Closing GMM and VFA insurance contract liabilities

     312,715        22,623        23,025        (60)        358,303  

Closing PAA insurance contract net liabilities

     12,678        631               (675)        12,634  

Closing insurance contract liabilities for account of segregated fund insurance holders

     119,896                             119,896  

Net closing balance, March 31, 2024

   $   444,873      $    23,394      $    23,164      $ (735)      $ 490,696  

 

Insurance finance (income) expenses (“IFIE”)    For the three months
ended March 31, 2024
 

Insurance finance (income) expenses for products not under PAA, per disclosure above(1)

   $ (3,429)  

Insurance finance (income) expenses for products under PAA

     (53)  

Reclassification of derivative OCI to IFIE – cash flow hedges

     (127)  

Reclassification of derivative (income) loss changes to IFIE – fair value hedge

     1,734  

Total insurance finance (income) expenses from insurance contracts issued

     (1,875)  

Effect of movements in foreign exchange rates

     1,263  

Total insurance finance (income) expenses from insurance contracts issued and effect of movement in foreign
exchange rates

   $ (612)  

Portion recognized in (income) expenses, including effects of foreign exchange rates

   $ 4,458  

Portion recognized in OCI, including effects of foreign exchange rates

     (5,070)  
(1)

The insurance finance (income) expenses reflect effect of time value of money and financial risk, which includes but is not limited to interest accreted using locked-in rate, changes in interest rates and other financial assumptions, changes in fair value of underlying items of direct participation contracts and effects of risk mitigation option.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   84


Table of Contents
      Estimates of
PV of
future cash
flows
    

Risk
adjustment
for non-

financial risk

     CSM      Assets for
insurance
acquisition
cash flows
     Total  

Opening GMM and VFA insurance contract assets

   $ (1,827)      $ 512      $ 657      $      $ (658)  

Opening GMM and VFA insurance contract liabilities

     297,967        25,750        19,192        (56)        342,853  

Opening PAA insurance contract net liabilities

     12,125        605               (749)        11,981  

Opening insurance contract liabilities for account of segregated fund holders

     110,216                             110,216  

Net opening balance, January 1, 2023

     418,481        26,867        19,849        (805)        464,392  

Changes that relate to current services

     152        (1,620)        (2,162)               (3,630)  

Changes that relate to future services

     (1,884)        (2,667)        4,642               91  

Changes that relate to past services

     (28)        (4)                      (32)  

Insurance service result

     (1,760)        (4,291)        2,480               (3,571)  

Insurance finance (income) expenses

     22,340        1,646        320               24,306  

Effects of movements in foreign exchange rates

     (8,405)        (779)        (545)               (9,729)  

Total changes in income and OCI

     12,175        (3,424)        2,255               11,006  

Total cash flows

     2,081                             2,081  

Movements related to insurance acquisition cash flows

     (5)                      (3)        (8)  

Change in PAA balance

     587        21               (12)        596  

Movements related to insurance contract liabilities for account of segregated
fund holders

     3,927                             3,927  

Net closing balance

     437,246        23,464        22,104        (820)        481,994  

Closing GMM and VFA insurance contract assets

     (416)        141        131               (144)  

Closing GMM and VFA insurance contract liabilities

      310,807           22,697           21,973             (59)          355,418  

Closing PAA insurance contract net liabilities

     12,712        626               (761)        12,577  

Closing insurance contract liabilities for account of segregated fund
insurance holders

     114,143                              –        114,143  

Net closing balance, December 31, 2023

   $   437,246      $ 23,464      $ 22,104      $ (820)      $ 481,994  

Reinsurance contracts held – Analysis by measurement components

The following tables present the movement in the net assets or liabilities for reinsurance contracts held, showing estimates of the present value of future cash flows, risk adjustment and CSM for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and for the year ended December 31, 2023.

 

     

Estimates of

PV of

future cash

flows

    

Risk

adjustment

for non-

financial risk

     CSM      Total  

Opening reinsurance contract held assets

   $ 38,156      $ 3,685      $ 513      $ 42,354  

Opening reinsurance contract held liabilities

     (4,384)        1,305        290        (2,789)  

Opening PAA reinsurance contract net assets

     239        16               255  

Net opening balance, January 1, 2024

     34,011        5,006        803        39,820  

Changes that relate to current services

     (87)        (137)        (48)        (272)  

Changes that relate to future services

     (1,130)        830        324        24  

Changes that relate to past services

     2                      2  

Insurance service result

     (1,215)        693        276        (246)  

Insurance finance (income) expenses from reinsurance contracts

     (792)        (162)        7        (947)  

Effects of changes in non-performance risk of reinsurers

     12                          12  

Effects of movements in foreign exchange rates

     1,083        90        3        1,176  

Total changes in income and OCI

     (912)        621           286        (5)  

Total cash flows

     11,279                      11,279  

Change in PAA balance

     (11)                      (11)  

Net closing balance

     44,367        5,627        1,089        51,083  

Closing reinsurance contract held assets

     48,734        4,345        701        53,780  

Closing reinsurance contract held liabilities

     (4,595)        1,266        388        (2,941)  

Closing PAA reinsurance contract net assets

     228        16               244  

Net closing balance, March 31, 2024

   $ 44,367      $ 5,627      $ 1,089      $ 51,083  

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   85


Table of Contents
     

Estimates of

PV of

future cash

flows

    

Risk

adjustment

for non-

financial risk

     CSM      Total  

Opening reinsurance contract held assets

   $ 39,656      $ 4,049      $ 1,873      $ 45,578  

Opening reinsurance contract held liabilities

     (3,919)        1,574        (1)        (2,346)  

Opening PAA reinsurance contract net assets

     240        8               248  

Net opening balance, January 1, 2023

     35,977        5,631        1,872        43,480  

Changes that relate to current services

     (19)        (478)        (164)        (661)  

Changes that relate to future services

     1,412        (442)        (894)        76  

Changes that relate to past services

     5                      5  

Insurance service result

     1,398        (920)        (1,058)        (580)  

Insurance finance (income) expenses from reinsurance contracts

     173        447        10           630  

Effects of changes in non-performance risk of reinsurers

     (14)                      (14)  

Effects of movements in foreign exchange rates

     (916)        (160)        (21)        (1,097)  

Total changes in income and OCI

     641        (633)        (1,069)        (1,061)  

Total cash flows

     (2,606)                      (2,606)  

Change in PAA balance

     (1)        8               7  

Net closing balance

     34,011        5,006           803        39,820  

Closing reinsurance contract held assets

     38,156        3,685        514        42,355  

Closing reinsurance contract held liabilities

     (4,384)        1,305        289        (2,790)  

Closing PAA reinsurance contract net assets

     239        16               255  

Net closing balance, December 31, 2023

   $ 34,011      $ 5,006      $ 803      $ 39,820  

(b) Effect of new business recognized in the period

The following table presents components of new business for insurance contracts issued for the periods presented.

 

    

For the three months ended

March 31, 2024

     For the year ended
December 31, 2023
 
      Non-onerous      Onerous      Non-onerous      Onerous  

New business insurance contracts

             

Estimates of present value of cash outflows

   $ 7,843      $ 520      $ 22,211      $ 3,796  

Insurance acquisition cash flows

     1,262        103        4,295        623  

Claims and other insurance service expenses payable

     6,581        417        17,916        3,173  

Estimates of present value of cash inflows

     (8,812)          (522)        (25,541)          (3,761)  

Risk adjustment for non-financial risk

     184        32        962        218  

Contractual service margin

     785               2,368         

Amount included in insurance contract liabilities for the period

   $      $ 30      $      $ 253  

The following table presents components of new business for reinsurance contracts held portfolios for the periods presented.

 

     

For the three

months ended

March 31, 2024

    

For the year ended

December 31, 2023

 

New business reinsurance contracts

     

Estimates of present value of cash outflows

   $ (13,007)      $ (1,997)  

Estimates of present value of cash inflows

     11,887        1,933  

Risk adjustment for non-financial risk

     840        399  

Contractual service margin

     291        (263)  

Amount included in reinsurance assets for the period

   $ 11      $ 72  

(c) Insurance revenue

The following table shows the components of insurance revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Insurance revenue excludes investment components and loss component. It also does not reflect any financial changes such as effect of time value of money, which are recognized in insurance finance income and expenses.

 

For the three months ended March 31,    2024      2023  

Expected incurred claims and other insurance service result

   $ 3,553      $ 3,276  

Change in risk adjustment for non-financial risk expired

         366            315  

CSM recognized for services provided

     640        506  

Recovery of insurance acquisition cash flows

     279        179  

Contracts under PAA

     1,659        1,487  

Total insurance revenue

   $ 6,497      $ 5,763  

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   86


Table of Contents

(d) Significant judgements and estimates

Discount rates

The following tables present the spot rates used for discounting liability cash flows.

 

                             March 31, 2024  
      Currency    Liquidity
category
  Observable
years
   Ultimate
year
   1 year      5 years      10 years      20 years      30 years      Ultimate  

Canada

   CAD    Illiquid   30    70      5.23%        4.58%        5.20%        5.14%        5.20%        4.40%  
          Somewhat liquid(1)   30    70      5.21%        4.50%        5.03%        5.04%        5.02%        4.40%  

U.S.

   USD    Illiquid   30    70      5.25%        4.84%        5.70%        5.87%        5.57%        5.00%  
          Somewhat liquid(1)   30    70      5.46%        5.01%        5.62%        5.90%        5.61%        4.88%  

Japan

   JPY    Somewhat liquid(1)   30    70      0.41%        0.85%        1.28%        1.95%        2.45%        1.60%  

Hong Kong

   HKD    Illiquid   15    55      4.16%        4.34%        5.41%        4.91%        4.32%        3.80%  
                             December 31, 2023  
      Currency    Liquidity
category
  Observable
years
   Ultimate
year
   1 year      5 years      10 years      20 years      30 years      Ultimate  

Canada

   CAD    Illiquid   30    70      5.17%        4.33%        4.92%        4.86%        4.80%        4.40%  
          Somewhat liquid(1)   30    70      5.14%        4.22%        4.69%        4.72%        4.69%        4.40%  

U.S.

   USD    Illiquid   30    70      5.38%        4.54%        5.37%        5.65%        5.27%        5.00%  
          Somewhat liquid(1)   30    70      5.32%        4.57%        5.25%        5.56%        5.18%        4.88%  

Japan

   JPY    Somewhat liquid(1)   30    70      0.53%        0.77%        1.08%        1.75%        2.24%        1.60%  

Hong Kong

   HKD    Illiquid   15    55      4.20%        4.01%        4.98%        4.61%        4.19%        3.80%  
(1)

Somewhat liquid refers to liquidity level that is between liquid and illiquid. It is higher liquidity than illiquid and lower liquidity than liquid.

(e) Reinsurance transactions

Agreement with Global Atlantic Financial Group

On December 11, 2023, the Company announced it entered into agreements with Global Atlantic Financial Group Ltd. (“GA”) to reinsure policies from the U.S. long-term care (“LTC”), U.S. structured settlements, and Japan whole life legacy blocks. Under the terms of the transaction, the Company will retain responsibility for the administration of the policies, with no intended impact to policyholders. The transaction was structured as coinsurance of an 80% quota share for the LTC block and 100% quota shares for the other blocks.

The transaction closed on February 22, 2024, with the Company transferring invested assets measured at FVOCI of $13.4 billion and reinsuring insurance and investment contract net liabilities of $13.2 billion. The Company recognized a reinsurance contractual service margin of $308 and financial assets of $134.

Agreement with RGA Life Reinsurance Company of Canada

On March 25, 2024, the Company announced it entered into an agreement with RGA Life Reinsurance Company of Canada to reinsure policies from its Canadian universal life block. Under the terms of the transaction, the Company will retain responsibility for the administration of the policies, with no intended impact to policyholders. The transaction will be structured as coinsurance with a 100% quota share.

The transaction closed on April 2, 2024, with the reinsurance of $5.6 billion of insurance contract net liabilities as at March 31, 2024.

Note 6 Investment Contract Assets and Liabilities

 

Investment contract liabilities are contractual financial obligations of the Company that do not contain significant insurance risk. Those contracts are subsequently measured either at fair value or at amortized cost.

As at March 31, 2024, the carrying value and fair value of investment contract liabilities measured at amortized cost were $11,469 and $11,363, respectively (December 31, 2023 – $11,067 and $10,994, respectively). The fair value of investment contract liabilities measured at fair value was $705 (December 31, 2023 – $749).

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   87


Table of Contents

As at March 31, 2024, the carrying value and fair value of the reinsurance financial assets measured at amortized cost were $1,036 and $975, respectively (December 31, 2023 - $27 and $27, respectively). The fair value of the reinsurance financial assets measured at fair value was $670 (December 31, 2023 – $nil).

As at March 31, 2024, the net carrying value and fair value of investment contract assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost were $10,433 and $10,388, respectively (December 31, 2023 – $11,040 and $10,967, respectively). The net fair value of the investment contract assets and liabilities measured at fair value was $35 (December 31, 2023 - $749).

Note 7 Risk Management

 

The Company’s policies and procedures for managing risk related to financial instruments and insurance contracts can be found in note 9 of the Company’s 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements as well as the denoted text and tables in the “Risk Management and Risk Factors” section of the Company’s MD&A in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report.

(a) Risk disclosures included in the First Quarter 2024 MD&A

Market risk sensitivities related to variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees, publicly traded equity performance risk, interest rate and spread risk and alternative long-duration asset performance risk are disclosed in denoted text and tables in the “Risk Management and Risk Factors” section of the First Quarter 2024 MD&A. These disclosures are in accordance with IFRS 7 “Financial Instruments: Disclosures”, IFRS 17 and IAS 34 “Interim Financial Reporting” and are an integral part of these Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. The risks to which the Company is exposed at the end of the reporting period are representative of risks it is typically exposed to throughout the reporting period.

(b) Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of loss due to inability or unwillingness of a borrower, or counterparty, to fulfill its payment obligations. Worsening regional and global economic conditions, segment or industry sector challenges, or company specific factors could result in defaults or downgrades and could lead to increased provisions or impairments related to the Company’s general fund invested assets.

The Company’s exposure to credit risk is managed through risk management policies and procedures which include a defined credit evaluation and adjudication process, delegated credit approval authorities and established exposure limits by borrower, corporate connection, credit rating, industry and geographic region. The Company measures derivative counterparty exposure as net potential credit exposure, which takes into consideration fair values of all transactions with each counterparty, net of any collateral held, and an allowance to reflect future potential exposure. Reinsurance counterparty exposure is measured reflecting the level of ceded liabilities.

The Company also ensures where warranted, that mortgages, private placements and loans to Bank clients are secured by collateral, the nature of which depends on the credit risk of the counterparty.

Credit risk associated with derivative counterparties is discussed in note 7(e).

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   88


Table of Contents

(I) Credit quality

The following tables present financial instruments subject to credit exposure, without considering any collateral held or other credit enhancements, presenting separately Stage 1, Stage 2, and Stage 3 credit risk profiles, with allowances, plus allowances for loan commitments.

 

                                                                                       
As at March 31, 2024    Stage 1      Stage 2      Stage 3      Total  

Debt securities, measured at amortized cost

           

Investment grade

   $ 1,409      $      $      $ 1,409  

Non-investment grade

                           

Total

     1,409                      1,409  

Allowance for credit losses

     1                      1  

Total carrying value, net of allowance

     1,408                      1,408  

Debt securities, measured at FVOCI

           

Investment grade

     187,966        1,024               188,990  

Non-investment grade

     5,411        635        8        6,054  

Total carrying value

     193,377        1,659        8        195,044  

Allowance for credit losses

     255        45        14        314  

Private placements, measured at FVOCI

           

Investment grade

     38,682        697               39,379  

Non-investment grade

     4,731        924        79        5,734  

Total carrying value

     43,413        1,621        79        45,113  

Allowance for credit losses

     124        120        83        327  

Commercial mortgages, measured at amortized cost

           

AAA

                           

AA

                           

A

     149        44               193  

BBB

                           

BB

                           

B and lower

     163        49               212  

Total

     312        93               405  

Allowance for credit losses

     1        2               3  

Total carrying value, net of allowance

     311        91               402  

Commercial mortgages, measured at FVOCI

           

AAA

     258                      258  

AA

     6,773        39               6,812  

A

     14,230                      14,230  

BBB

     5,471        994               6,465  

BB

     10        532               542  

B and lower

            44        107        151  

Total carrying value

     26,742        1,609        107        28,458  

Allowance for credit losses

     39        41        144        224  

Residential mortgages, measured at amortized cost

           

Performing

     21,293        1,306               22,599  

Non-performing

                   52        52  

Total

     21,293        1,306        52        22,651  

Allowance for credit losses

     4        2        2        8  

Total carrying value, net of allowance

     21,289        1,304        50        22,643  

Loans to Bank clients, measured at amortized cost

           

Performing

     2,337        42               2,379  

Non-performing

                   6        6  

Total

     2,337        42        6        2,385  

Allowance for credit losses

     1               1        2  

Total carrying value, net of allowance

     2,336        42        5        2,383  

Other invested assets, measured at amortized cost

           

Investment grade

     3,931                      3,931  

Non-investment grade

                           

Total

     3,931                      3,931  

Allowance for credit losses

     1                      1  

Total carrying value, net of allowance

     3,930                      3,930  

Other invested assets, measured at FVOCI

           

Investment grade

                           

Non-investment grade

     401                      401  

Total carrying value

     401                      401  

Allowance for credit losses

     15                      15  

Loan commitments

           

Allowance for credit losses

     8        1        2        11  

Total carrying value, net of allowance

   $  293,207      $  6,326      $  249      $  299,782  

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   89


Table of Contents
                                                                                       
As at December 31, 2023    Stage 1      Stage 2      Stage 3      Total  

Debt securities, measured at amortized cost

           

Investment grade

   $ 1,373      $      $      $ 1,373  

Non-investment grade

                           

Total

     1,373                      1,373  

Allowance for credit losses

     1                      1  

Total carrying value, net of allowance

     1,372                      1,372  

Debt securities, measured at FVOCI

           

Investment grade

     197,562        2,252               199,814  

Non-investment grade

     5,367        596               5,963  

Total carrying value

     202,929        2,848               205,777  

Allowance for credit losses

     283        54        6        343  

Private placements, measured at FVOCI

           

Investment grade

     37,722        1,644               39,366  

Non-investment grade

     5,210        295        81        5,586  

Total carrying value

     42,932         1,939        81         44,952  

Allowance for credit losses

     126        108        83        317  

Commercial mortgages, measured at amortized cost

           

AAA

                           

AA

                           

A

     148        48               196  

BBB

                           

BB

                           

B and lower

     145        35               180  

Total

     293        83               376  

Allowance for credit losses

     1        2               3  

Total carrying value, net of allowance

     292        81               373  

Commercial mortgages, measured at FVOCI

           

AAA

     279                      279  

AA

     6,815                      6,815  

A

     14,111        86               14,197  

BBB

     5,513        984               6,497  

BB

     10        532               542  

B and lower

            36        107        143  

Total carrying value

     26,728        1,638        107        28,473  

Allowance for credit losses

     40        42        143        225  

Residential mortgages, measured at amortized cost

           

Performing

     20,898        1,570               22,468  

Non-performing

                   60        60  

Total

     20,898        1,570        60        22,528  

Allowance for credit losses

     4        2        2        8  

Total carrying value, net of allowance

     20,894        1,568        58        22,520  

Loans to Bank clients, measured at amortized cost

           

Performing

     2,387        44               2,431  

Non-performing

                   8        8  

Total

     2,387        44        8        2,439  

Allowance for credit losses

     2               1        3  

Total carrying value, net of allowance

     2,385        44        7        2,436  

Other invested assets, measured at amortized cost

           

Investment grade

     3,791                      3,791  

Non-investment grade

                           

Total

     3,791                      3,791  

Allowance for credit losses

     1                      1  

Total carrying value, net of allowance

     3,790                      3,790  

Other invested assets, measured at FVOCI

           

Investment grade

                           

Non-investment grade

     360                      360  

Total carrying value

     360                      360  

Allowance for credit losses

     16                      16  

Loan commitments

           

Allowance for credit losses

     9        1        2        12  

Total carrying value, net of allowance

   $  301,682      $  8,118      $  253      $  310,053  

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   90


Table of Contents

(II) Allowance for credit losses

The following tables provide details on the allowance for credit losses by stage as at and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and for the year ended December 31, 2023.

 

As at March 31, 2024    Stage 1      Stage 2      Stage 3      Total  

Balance, January 1, 2024

   $ 482      $ 210      $ 237      $   929  

Net re-measurement due to transfers

     3        (5)        2         

Transfer to stage 1

     6        (6)                

Transfer to stage 2

     (3)        3                

Transfer to stage 3

            (2)        2         

Net originations, purchases, disposals and repayments

     (1)        (2)        (12)        (15)  

Changes to risk, parameters, and models

     (42)        4        14        (24)  

Foreign exchange and other adjustments

     7        4        5        16  

Balance, end of the period

   $ 449      $ 211      $ 246      $ 906  
As at December 31, 2023    Stage 1      Stage 2      Stage 3      Total  

Balance, beginning of the year

   $ 511      $ 141      $ 72      $ 724  

Net re-measurement due to transfers

     4        6        (10)         

Transfer to stage 1

     12        (11)        (1)         

Transfer to stage 2

     (6)        28        (22)         

Transfer to stage 3

     (2)        (11)        13         

Net originations, purchases, disposals and repayments

     45        8        (23)        30  

Changes to risk, parameters, and models

     (71)        48        233        210  

Foreign exchange and other adjustments

     (6)        6        (35)        (35)  

Balance, end of the year

   $ 483      $ 209      $ 237      $ 929  

(III) Significant judgements and estimates

The following table shows certain key macroeconomic variables used to estimate the expected credit loss (“ECL”) allowances by market. For the base case, upside and downside scenarios, the projections are provided for the next 12 months and then for the remaining forecast period, which represents a medium-term view.

 

            Base case scenario      Upside scenario      Downside scenario 1      Downside scenario 2  
As at March 31, 2024    Current
quarter
     Next 12
months
     Ensuing
4 years
     Next 12
months
     Ensuing
4 years
     Next 12
months
     Ensuing
4 years
     Next 12
months
     Ensuing
4 years
 

Canada

                          

Gross Domestic Product (GDP), in U.S. $ billions

   $ 1,947        1.1%        1.9%        3.1%        2.1%        (2.6%)        2.1%        (4.5%)        2.0%  

Unemployment rate

     6.0%        6.2%        6.1%        5.5%        5.3%        8.2%        8.0%        9.5%        9.7%  

NYMEX Light Sweet Crude Oil (in U.S. dollars, per barrel)

     78.3        79.2        71.6        81.8        71.9        64.7        65.0        55.0        58.8  

U.S.

                          

Gross Domestic Product (GDP), in U.S. $ billions

   $ 22,762        1.5%        2.2%        3.6%        2.4%        (2.4%)        2.6%        (4.2%)        2.5%  

Unemployment rate

     3.8%        4.0%        4.0%        3.2%        3.3%        6.5%        5.8%        6.9%        7.6%  

7-10 Year BBB U.S. Corporate Index

     5.7%        6.2%        6.1%        6.0%        6.1%        5.8%        5.5%        6.4%        5.4%  

Japan

                          

Gross Domestic Product (GDP), in JPY billions

   ¥  557,888        1.0%        0.8%        3.1%        1.0%        (4.1%)        1.1%        (7.8%)        1.7%  

Unemployment rate

     2.5%        2.5%        2.3%        2.4%        2.1%        3.0%        3.0%        3.1%        3.6%  

Hong Kong

                          

Unemployment rate

     2.9%        2.9%        3.1%        2.6%        2.8%        4.0%        3.9%        4.4%        4.7%  

Hang Seng Index

     15,559        19.8%        9.7%        34.1%        9.3%        (14.2%)        16.2%        (34.4%)        19.8%  

China

                          

Gross Domestic Product (GDP), in CNY billions

   $ 110,067        5.4%        4.3%        8.1%        4.5%        (1.7%)        4.5%        (5.2%)        3.8%  

FTSE Xinhua A200 Index

     9,105        8.0%        4.6%        27.4%        2.5%        (30.9%)        11.5%        (41.6%)        12.9%  

(IV) Sensitivity to changes in economic assumptions

The following table shows the actual ECL allowance recorded by the Company which results from using all four macroeconomic scenarios (including the more heavily weighted best estimate baseline scenario, one upside and two downside scenarios) weighted by probability of occurrence and shows the ECL allowance which would result from using only the baseline scenario.

 

As at    March 31, 2024      December 31, 2023  

Probability-weighted ECLs

   $ 906      $ 929  

Baseline ECL

   $ 666      $ 659  

Difference – in amount

   $ 240      $ 270  

Difference – in percentage

     26.40%        29.08%  

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   91


Table of Contents

(c) Securities lending, repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions

As at March 31, 2024, the Company had loaned securities (which are included in invested assets) with a market value of $1,110 (December 31, 2023 – $626). The Company holds collateral with a current market value that exceeds the value of securities lent in all cases.

As at March 31, 2024, the Company had engaged in reverse repurchase transactions of $122 (December 31, 2023 – $466) which are recorded as short-term receivables. In addition, the Company had engaged in repurchase transactions of $122 as at March 31, 2024 (December 31, 2023 – $202) which are recorded as payables.

(d) Credit default swaps

The Company replicates exposure to specific issuers by selling credit protection via credit default swaps (“CDS”) to complement its cash debt securities investing. The Company does not write CDS protection more than its government bond holdings.

The following tables present details of the credit default swap protection sold by type of contract and external agency rating for the underlying reference security.

 

As at March 31, 2024    Notional
amount(1)
     Fair value     

Weighted
average
maturity

(in years)(2)

 

Single name CDS(3),(4) – Corporate debt

        

AA

   $ 22      $ 1        3  

A

     90        2        3  

BBB

     13                

Total single name CDS

   $ 125      $ 3        3  

Total CDS protection sold

   $ 125      $ 3        3  
As at December 31, 2023    Notional
amount(1)
     Fair value     

Weighted
average
maturity

(in years)(2)

 

Single name CDS(3),(4) – Corporate debt

        

AA

   $ 23      $ 1        4  

A

     94        2        3  

BBB

     14               1  

Total single name CDS

   $ 131      $ 3        3  

Total CDS protection sold

   $ 131      $ 3        3  

(1)  Notional amounts represent the maximum future payments the Company would have to pay its counterparties assuming a default of the underlying credit and zero recovery on the underlying issuer obligations.

(2)  The weighted average maturity of the CDS is weighted based on notional amounts.

(3)  Ratings are based on S&P where available followed by Moody’s, DBRS, and Fitch. If no rating is available from a rating agency, an internally developed rating is used.

(4)  The Company held no purchased credit protection as at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(e) Derivatives

The Company’s point-in-time exposure to losses related to credit risk of a derivative counterparty is limited to the amount of any net gains that may have accrued with the particular counterparty. Gross derivative counterparty exposure is measured as the total fair value (including accrued interest) of all outstanding contracts in a gain position excluding any offsetting contracts in a loss position and the impact of collateral on hand. The Company limits the risk of credit losses from derivative counterparties by using investment grade counterparties, entering into master netting arrangements which permit the offsetting of contracts in a loss position in the case of a counterparty default and entering into Credit Support Annex agreements whereby collateral must be provided when the exposure exceeds a certain threshold.

All contracts are held with or guaranteed by investment grade counterparties, the majority of whom are rated A- or higher. As at March 31, 2024, the percentage of the Company’s derivative exposure with counterparties rated AA- or higher was 33 per cent (December 31, 2023 – 33 per cent). As at March 31, 2024, the largest single counterparty exposure, without taking into consideration the impact of master netting agreements or the benefit of collateral held, was $1,503 (December 31, 2023 – $1,357). The net exposure to this counterparty, after taking into consideration master netting agreements and the fair value of collateral held, was $nil (December 31, 2023 – $nil).

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   92


Table of Contents

(f) Offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities

Certain derivatives, securities lent and repurchase agreements have conditional offset rights. The Company does not offset these financial instruments in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, as the rights of offset are conditional.

In the case of derivatives, collateral is collected from and pledged to counterparties and clearing houses to manage credit risk exposure in accordance with Credit Support Annexes to swap agreements and clearing agreements. Under master netting agreements, the Company has a right of offset in the event of default, insolvency, bankruptcy or other early termination.

In the case of reverse repurchase and repurchase transactions, additional collateral may be collected from or pledged to counterparties to manage credit exposure according to bilateral reverse repurchase or repurchase agreements. In the event of default by a reverse repurchase transaction counterparty, the Company is entitled to liquidate the collateral held to offset against the same counterparty’s obligation.

The following tables present the effect of conditional master netting agreements and similar arrangements. Similar arrangements may include global master repurchase agreements, global master securities lending agreements, and any related rights to financial collateral pledged or received.

 

            Related amounts not set off in the
Consolidated Statements of
Financial Position
               
As at March 31, 2024    Gross amounts of
financial
instruments(1)
     Amounts subject to
enforceable
master netting
agreements or
similar arrangements
     Financial and
cash collateral
pledged
(received)(2)
     Net amounts
including
financing
entity(3)
     Net amounts
excluding
financing
entity
 

Financial assets

              

Derivative assets

   $ 8,912      $ (6,762)      $ (1,979)      $ 171      $ 171  

Securities lending

     1,110               (1,110)                

Reverse repurchase agreements

     122        (122)                       

Total financial assets

   $ 10,144      $ (6,884)      $ (3,089)      $ 171      $ 171  

Financial liabilities

              

Derivative liabilities

   $ (14,259)      $ 6,762      $ 7,449      $ (48)      $ (10)  

Repurchase agreements

     (122)        122                       

Total financial liabilities

   $ (14,381)      $ 6,884      $ 7,449      $ (48)      $ (10)  
            Related amounts not set off in the
Consolidated Statements of
Financial Position
               
As at December 31, 2023    Gross amounts of
financial
instruments(1)
     Amounts subject to
enforceable
master netting
agreements or
similar arrangements
     Financial and
cash collateral
pledged
(received)(2)
     Net amounts
including
financing
entity(3)
     Net amounts
excluding
financing
entity
 

Financial assets

              

Derivative assets

   $ 9,044      $ (6,516)      $ (2,374)      $ 154      $ 154  

Securities lending

     626               (626)                

Reverse repurchase agreements

     466        (202)        (264)                

Total financial assets

   $ 10,136      $ (6,718)      $ (3,264)      $ 154      $ 154  

Financial liabilities

              

Derivative liabilities

   $ (12,600)      $ 6,516      $ 5,958      $ (126)      $ (57)  

Repurchase agreements

     (202)        202                       

Total financial liabilities

   $ (12,802)      $ 6,718      $ 5,958      $ (126)      $ (57)  

(1)  Financial assets and liabilities include accrued interest of $559 and $843, respectively (December 31, 2023 – $502 and $913, respectively).

(2)  Financial and cash collateral exclude over-collateralization. As at March 31, 2024, the Company was over-collateralized on OTC derivative assets, OTC derivative liabilities, securities lending and reverse repurchase agreements and repurchase agreements in the amounts of $569, $2,193, $46 and $nil, respectively (December 31, 2023 – $424, $1,420, $20 and $nil, respectively). As at March 31, 2024, collateral pledged (received) does not include collateral-in-transit on OTC instruments or initial margin on exchange traded contracts or cleared contracts.

(3)  Includes derivative contracts entered between the Company and its unconsolidated financing entity. The Company does not exchange collateral on derivative contracts entered with this entity.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   93


Table of Contents

The Company also has certain credit linked note assets and variable surplus note liabilities which have unconditional offsetting rights. Under the netting agreements, the Company has rights of offset including in the event of the Company’s default, insolvency, or bankruptcy. These financial instruments are offset in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

A credit linked note is a debt instrument the term of which, in this case, is linked to a variable surplus note. A surplus note is a subordinated debt obligation that often qualifies as surplus (the U.S. statutory equivalent of equity) by some U.S. state insurance regulators. Interest payments on surplus notes are made after all other contractual payments are made. The following tables present the effect of unconditional netting.

 

As at March 31, 2024    Gross
amounts of
financial
instruments
     Amounts
subject to an
enforceable
netting
arrangement
     Net
amounts of
financial
instruments
 

Credit linked note

   $ 1,351      $ (1,351)      $  

Variable surplus note

     (1,351)        1,351         
As at December 31, 2023    Gross
amounts of
financial
instruments
     Amounts
subject to an
enforceable
netting
arrangement
     Net
amounts of
financial
instruments
 

Credit linked note

   $ 1,276      $ (1,276)      $  

Variable surplus note

     (1,276)        1,276         

Note 8 Long-Term Debt

 

(a) Carrying value of long-term debt instruments

 

As at    Issue date    Maturity date    Par value   

March 31,

2024

    

December 31,

2023

 

3.050% Senior notes(1)

   August 27, 2020    August 27, 2060    US$1,155    $ 1,560      $ 1,519  

5.375% Senior notes(1)

   March 4, 2016    March 4, 2046    US$750      1,003        977  

3.703% Senior notes(1)

   March 16, 2022    March 16, 2032    US$750      1,010        983  

2.396% Senior notes(1)

   June 1, 2020    June 1, 2027    US$200      270        263  

2.484% Senior notes(1)

   May 19, 2020    May 19, 2027    US$500      674        657  

3.527% Senior notes(1)

   December 2, 2016    December 2, 2026    US$270      365        356  

4.150% Senior notes(1)

   March 4, 2016    March 4, 2026    US$1,000      1,351        1,316  

Total

                  $ 6,233      $ 6,071  
(1)

These U.S. dollar senior notes have been designated as hedges of the Company’s net investment in its U.S. operations which reduces the earnings volatility that would otherwise arise from the re-measurement of these senior notes into Canadian dollars.

(b) Fair value measurement

The Company measures long-term debt at amortized cost in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. As at March 31, 2024, the fair value of long-term debt was $5,432 (December 31, 2023 – $5,525). Fair value of long-term debt was determined using Level 2 valuation techniques (December 31, 2023 – Level 2).

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   94


Table of Contents

Note 9 Capital Instruments

 

(a) Carrying value of capital instruments

 

As at    Issue date    Earliest par
redemption date
   Maturity date    Par value    March 31,
2024
     December 31,
2023
 

JHFC Subordinated notes(1)

   December 14, 2006    n/a    December 15, 2036    $650    $ 647      $ 647  

2.818% MFC Subordinated debentures(1)

   May 12, 2020    May 13, 2030    May 13, 2035    $1,000      997        996  

5.054% MFC Subordinated debentures(2)

   February 23, 2024    February 23, 2029    February 23, 2034    $1,100      1,095         

5.409% MFC Subordinated debentures(1)

   March 10, 2023    March 10, 2028    March 10, 2033    $1,200      1,195        1,195  

4.061% MFC Subordinated notes(1),(3)

   February 24, 2017    February 24, 2027    February 24, 2032    US$750      1,012        987  

2.237% MFC Subordinated debentures(1)

   May 12, 2020    May 12, 2025    May 12, 2030    $1,000      999        999  

3.00% MFC Subordinated notes(1)

   November 21, 2017    November 21, 2024    November 21, 2029    S$500      501        499  

3.049% MFC Subordinated debentures(1)

   August 18, 2017    August 20, 2024    August 20, 2029    $750      750        750  

7.375% JHUSA Surplus notes(4)

   February 25, 1994    n/a    February 15, 2024    US$450             594  

Total

                       $ 7,196      $ 6,667  

(1)  The Company is monitoring regulatory and market developments globally with respect to the interest rate benchmark reform. The Company will take appropriate actions in due course to accomplish any necessary transitions or replacements. As at March 31, 2024, capital instruments of $647 (December 31, 2023 – $647) have an interest rate referencing CDOR. In addition, capital instruments of $2,746, $1,012 and $501 (December 31, 2023 – $2,745, $987 and $499, respectively) have interest rate resets in the future referencing CDOR, the US Dollar Mid-Swap rate (based on LIBOR), and the Singapore Dollar Swap Offer rate, respectively. Future rate resets for these capital instruments may rely on alternative reference rates such as the Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average (CORRA), the alternative rate for CDOR, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), the alternative rate for USD LIBOR, and the Singapore Overnight Rate Average (SORA), the alternative rate for the Singapore Swap Offer Rate (SOR).

(2)  Issued by MFC during the first quarter of 2024, interest is payable semi-annually. After February 23, 2029, the interest rate will reset to equal the Daily Compounded CORRA plus 1.44%. With regulatory approval, MFC may redeem the debentures, in whole, or in part, on or after February 23, 2029, at a redemption price equal to par, together with accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date fixed for redemption.

(3)  Designated as a hedge of the Company’s net investment in its U.S. operations which reduces the earnings volatility that would otherwise arise from the re-measurement of the subordinated notes into Canadian dollars.

(4)  The 7.375% JHUSA Surplus notes matured and were redeemed on February 15, 2024.

(b) Fair value measurement

The Company measures capital instruments at amortized cost in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. As at March 31, 2024, the fair value of capital instruments was $7,028 (December 31, 2023 – $6,483). Fair value of capital instruments was determined using Level 2 valuation techniques (December 31, 2023 – Level 2).

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   95


Table of Contents

Note 10 Equity Capital and Earnings Per Share

 

(a) Preferred shares and other equity instruments

The following table presents information about the outstanding preferred shares and other equity instruments as at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

 

            Annual      Earliest      Number of             Net amount(4)  
As at    Issue date      dividend /
distribution rate(1)
     redemption
date(2),(3)
     shares
(in millions)
     Face
amount
     March 31,
2024
     December 31,
2023
 

Preferred shares

                    

 Class A preferred shares

                    

Series 2

     February 18, 2005        4.65%        n/a        14      $ 350      $ 344      $ 344  

Series 3

     January 3, 2006        4.50%        n/a        12        300        294        294  

 Class 1 preferred shares

                    

Series 3(5),(6)

     March 11, 2011        2.348%        June 19, 2026        7        163        160        160  

Series 4(7)

     June 20, 2016        floating        June 19, 2026        1        37        36        36  

Series 9(5),(6)

     May 24, 2012        5.978%        September 19, 2027        10        250        244        244  

Series 11(5),(6)

     December 4, 2012        6.159%        March 19, 2028        8        200        196        196  

Series 13(5),(6)

     June 21, 2013        6.350%        September 19, 2028        8        200        196        196  

Series 15(5),(6)

     February 25, 2014        3.786%        June 19, 2024        8        200        195        195  

Series 17(5),(6)

     August 15, 2014        3.800%        December 19, 2024        14        350        343        343  

Series 19(5),(6)

     December 3, 2014        3.675%        March 19, 2025        10        250        246        246  

Series 25(5),(6)

     February 20, 2018        5.942%        June 19, 2028        10        250        245        245  

Other equity instruments

                    

 Limited recourse capital notes (LRCN)(8)

                    

Series 1(9)

     February 19, 2021        3.375%        May 19, 2026        n/a        2,000        1,982        1,982  

Series 2(9)

     November 12, 2021        4.100%        February 19, 2027        n/a        1,200        1,189        1,189  

Series 3(9)

     June 16, 2022        7.117%        June 19, 2027        n/a        1,000        990        990  

Total

                                102      $ 6,750      $ 6,660      $ 6,660  

(1)  Holders of Class A and Class 1 preferred shares are entitled to receive non-cumulative preferential cash dividends on a quarterly basis, as and when declared by the Board of Directors. Non-deferrable distributions are payable to all LRCN holders semi-annually at the Company’s discretion.

(2)  Redemption of all preferred shares is subject to regulatory approval. MFC may redeem each series, in whole or in part, at par, on the earliest redemption date or every five years thereafter, except for Class A Series 2, Class A Series 3 and Class 1 Series 4 preferred shares. Class A Series 2 and Series 3 preferred shares are past their respective earliest redemption date and MFC may redeem these preferred shares, in whole or in part, at par at any time, subject to regulatory approval, as noted. MFC may redeem the Class 1 Series 4 preferred shares, in whole or in part, at any time, at $25.00 per share if redeemed on June 19, 2026 (the earliest redemption date) and on June 19 every five years thereafter, or at $25.50 per share if redeemed on any other date after June 19, 2021, subject to regulatory approval, as noted.

(3)  Redemption of all LRCN series is subject to regulatory approval. MFC may at its option redeem each series in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to par, together with accrued and unpaid interest. The redemption period for Series 1 is every five years during the period from May 19 and including June 19, commencing in 2026. The redemption period for Series 2 is every five years during the period from February 19 and including March 19, commencing in 2027. After the first redemption date, the redemption period for Series 3 is every five years during the period from May 19 to and including June 19, commencing in 2032.

(4)  Net of after-tax issuance costs.

(5)  On the earliest redemption date and every five years thereafter, the annual dividend rate will be reset to the five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus a yield specified for each series. The specified yield for Class 1 preferred shares is: Series 3 – 1.41%, Series 9 – 2.86%, Series 11 – 2.61%, Series 13 – 2.22%, Series 15 – 2.16%, Series 17 – 2.36%, Series 19 – 2.30%, and Series 25 – 2.55%.

(6)  On the earliest redemption date and every five years thereafter, Class 1 preferred shares are convertible at the option of the holder into a new series that is one number higher than their existing series, and the holders are entitled to non-cumulative preferential cash dividends, payable quarterly if and when declared by the Board of Directors, at a rate equal to the three-month Government of Canada Treasury bill yield plus the rate specified in footnote 5 above.

(7)  The floating dividend rate for the Class 1 Series 4 shares equals the three-month Government of Canada Treasury bill yield plus 1.41%.

(8)  Non-payment of distributions or principal on any LRCN series when due will result in a recourse event. The recourse of each noteholder will be limited to their proportionate amount of the Limited Recourse Trust’s assets which comprise of Class 1 Series 27 preferred shares for LRCN Series 1, Class 1 Series 28 preferred shares for LRCN Series 2, and Class 1 Series 29 preferred shares for LRCN Series 3. All claims of the holders of LRCN series against MFC will be extinguished upon receipt of the corresponding trust assets. The Class 1 Series 27, Class 1 Series 28, and Class 1 Series 29 preferred shares are eliminated on consolidation while being held in the Limited Recourse Trust.

(9)  The LRCN Series 1 distribute at a fixed rate of 3.375% payable semi-annually, until June 18, 2026; on June 19, 2026 and every five years thereafter until June 19, 2076, the rate will be reset at a rate equal to the five-year Government of Canada yield as defined in the prospectus, plus 2.839%. The LRCN Series 2 distribute at a fixed rate of 4.10% payable semi-annually, until March 18, 2027; on March 19, 2027 and every five years thereafter until March 19, 2077, the rate will be reset at a rate equal to the five-year Government of Canada yield as defined in the prospectus, plus 2.704%. The LRCN Series 3 distribute at a fixed rate of 7.117% payable semi-annually, until June 18, 2027; on June 19, 2027 and every five years thereafter until June 19, 2077, the rate will be reset at a rate equal to the five-year Government of Canada yield as defined in the prospectus, plus 3.95%.

(b) Common shares

As at March 31, 2024, there were 16 million outstanding stock options and deferred share units that entitle the holders to receive common shares or payment in cash or common shares, at the option of the holders (December 31, 2023 – 17 million).

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   96


Table of Contents

The following table presents changes in common shares issued and outstanding.

 

Number of common shares (in millions)   

For the three months ended
March 31, 2024

 

 

For the year ended  

December 31, 2023  

Balance, beginning of period

   1,806     1,865  

Repurchased for cancellation

   (6)     (63)  

Issued on exercise of stock options and deferred share units

   1       4  

Balance, end of period

   1,801       1,806  

Normal course issuer bid

On February 20, 2024, the Company received approval from the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) to launch a normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”) that permits the purchase for cancellation of up to 50 million common shares, representing approximately 2.8% of its issued and outstanding common shares. Purchases under the NCIB commenced on February 23, 2024 and may continue until February 22, 2025, when the NCIB expires, or such earlier date as the Company completes its purchases.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company purchased for cancellation 6.2 million shares for $203. Of this, $74 was recorded in common shares and $129 was recorded in retained earnings in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity.

On May 7, 2024, the Company announced that the TSX approved an amendment to the existing NCIB to increase the number of common shares that it may repurchase for cancellation from up to 50 million common shares (approximately 2.8% of shares outstanding) to up to 90 million common shares (approximately 5% of shares outstanding as at February 12, 2024).

(c) Earnings per share

The following is a reconciliation of the denominator (number of shares) in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share.

 

For the three months ended March 31,   2024     2023  

Weighted average number of common shares (in millions)

    1,805          1,858  

Dilutive stock-based awards(1) (in millions)

    5       4  

Weighted average number of diluted common shares (in millions)

    1,810       1,862  
(1)

The dilutive effect of stock-based awards was calculated using the treasury stock method. This method calculates the number of incremental shares by assuming the outstanding stock-based awards are (i) exercised and (ii) then reduced by the number of shares assumed to be repurchased from the issuance proceeds, using the average market price of MFC common shares for the period. Excluded from the calculation was a weighted average of nil million (2023 – nil million) anti-dilutive stock-based awards.

Note 11 Revenue from Service Contracts

 

The Company provides investment management services, transaction processing and administrative services and distribution and related services to proprietary and third-party investment funds, retirement plans, group benefit plans, institutional investors and other arrangements. The Company also provides real estate management services to tenants of the Company’s investment properties.

The Company’s service contracts generally impose single performance obligations, each consisting of a series of similar related services for each customer.

The Company’s performance obligations within service arrangements are generally satisfied over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the services rendered, measured using an output method. Fees typically include variable consideration and the related revenue is recognized to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty is subsequently resolved.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   97


Table of Contents

Asset based fees vary with asset values of accounts under management, subject to market conditions and investor behaviors beyond the Company’s control. Transaction processing and administrative fees vary with activity volume, also beyond the Company’s control. Some fees, including distribution fees, are based on account balances and transaction volumes. Fees related to account balances and transaction volumes are measured daily. Real estate management service fees include fixed portions plus recovery of variable costs of services rendered to tenants. Fees related to services provided are generally recognized as services are rendered, which is when it becomes highly probable that no significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will occur. The Company has determined that its service contracts have no significant financing components because fees are collected monthly. The Company has no significant contract assets or contract liabilities.

The following tables present revenue from service contracts by service lines and reporting segments as disclosed in note 14.

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2024    Global WAM      Asia,
Canada,
U.S., and
Corporate
and Other
     Total  

Investment management and other related fees

   $ 850      $  (118)      $ 732  

Transaction processing, administration, and service fees

     682        81        763  

Distribution fees and other

     222        15        237  

Total included in other revenue

     1,754        (22)        1,732  

Revenue from non-service lines

     (4)        80        76  

Total other revenue

   $ 1,750      $ 58      $ 1,808  

Real estate management services included in net investment income

   $      $ 84      $ 84  
For the three months ended March 31, 2023    Global WAM      Asia,
Canada,
U.S., and
Corporate
and Other
     Total  

Investment management and other related fees

   $ 831      $ (94)      $ 737  

Transaction processing, administration, and service fees

     625        69        694  

Distribution fees and other

     208        13        221  

Total included in other revenue

     1,664        (12)        1,652  

Revenue from non-service lines

     1        38        39  

Total other revenue

   $ 1,665      $ 26      $   1,691  

Real estate management services included in net investment income

   $      $ 83      $ 83  

Note 12 Employee Future Benefits

 

The Company maintains defined contribution and defined benefit pension plans, and other post-employment plans for eligible employees and agents. The following table presents information about the financial impacts of the Company’s material pension and retiree welfare plans in the U.S. and Canada.

 

                                                               
     Pension plans     Retiree welfare plans(1)  
    

 

 
For the three months ended March 31,    2024      2023     2024      2023  

Defined benefit current service cost

   $ 11      $ 10     $      $  

Defined benefit administrative expenses

     7        3               

Service cost

     18        13               

Interest on net defined benefit (asset) liability

     1        1       (1)        (1)  

Defined benefit cost

     19        14       (1)        (1)  

Defined contribution cost

     29        28               

Net benefit cost reported in earnings

   $ 48      $ 42     $ (1)      $ (1)  

Actuarial (gain) loss on economic assumption changes

   $ (48)      $ 65     $ (8)      $ 9  

Investment (gain) loss (excluding interest income)

     11        (87)       (1)        (11)  

Change in effect of asset limit

            4               

Remeasurement (gain) loss recorded in AOCI, net of tax

   $ (37)      $ (18)     $ (9)      $ (2)  
(1)

There are no material current service costs for the retiree welfare plans as they are closed and mostly frozen. The remeasurement gain or loss on these plans is due to the volatility of discount rates and investment returns.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   98


Table of Contents

Note 13 Commitments and Contingencies

 

(a) Legal proceedings

The Company is regularly involved in legal actions, both as a defendant and as a plaintiff. The legal actions where the Company is a party ordinarily relate to its activities as a provider of insurance protection or wealth management products, reinsurance, or in its capacity as an investment adviser, employer, or taxpayer. Other life insurers and asset managers, operating in the jurisdictions in which the Company does business, have been subject to a wide variety of other types of actions, some of which resulted in substantial judgments or settlements against the defendants; it is possible that the Company may become involved in similar actions in the future. In addition, government and regulatory bodies in Canada, the United States, Asia and other jurisdictions where the Company conducts business regularly make inquiries and, from time to time, require the production of information or conduct examinations concerning the Company’s compliance with, among other things, insurance laws, securities laws, and laws governing the activities of broker-dealers.

In June 2018, a class action was initiated against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York on behalf of owners of Performance Universal Life (“Perf UL”) policies issued between 2003 and 2010 whose policies were subject to a Cost of Insurance (“COI”) increase announced in 2018.

In addition to the class action, twelve individual lawsuits opposing the Perf UL COI increases were filed; nine in federal court and three in state court. The Company has now resolved litigation with respect to 100% of the filed lawsuits, which represents 84% of the total face amount of policies in the COI-increase block. Litigation remains possible with the final approximately 16% of the total face amount of the COI-increase block.

Subsequent to the resolution of the Perf UL COI-increase lawsuits, in September 2023 an unrelated lawsuit was initiated against the Company in the U.S. District Court of the Southern District of New York as a putative class action on behalf of all current and former owners of universal life insurance policies issued by the Company “that state that cost of insurance rates will be based on future expectations that include taxes.” The Plaintiff’s theory is that the Company impermissibly failed to decrease the COI rates charged to these policy owners after the implementation of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2018. It is too early in the litigation to offer any reliable opinion about the scope of the class policies that may be at issue or the likely outcome.

(b) Guarantees

(I) Guarantees regarding Manulife Finance (Delaware), L.P. (“MFLP”)

MFC has guaranteed the payment of amounts on the $650 subordinated debentures due on December 15, 2041 issued by MFLP, a wholly owned unconsolidated financing entity.

The following tables present certain condensed consolidated financial information for MFC and MFLP.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income Information

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2024    MFC
(Guarantor)
     Subsidiaries
on a
combined
basis
     Consolidation
adjustments
     Total
consolidated
amounts
     MFLP  

Total insurance service result

   $      $ 978      $      $ 978      $  

Total investment result

     5        345        (2)        348        14  

Other revenue

     (3)        1,811               1,808        6  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders and other equity holders

     866        951        (951)        866        9  

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2023    MFC
(Guarantor)
     Subsidiaries
on a
combined
basis
     Consolidation
adjustments
     Total
consolidated
amounts
     MFLP  

Total insurance service result

   $      $ 849      $      $ 849      $  

Total investment result

     5        977        (12)        970        12  

Other revenue

     (4)        1,695               1,691         

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders and other equity holders

     1,406        1,490        (1,490)        1,406        1  

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   99


Table of Contents

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position Information

 

As at March 31, 2024    MFC
(Guarantor)
     Subsidiaries
on a combined
basis
     Consolidation
adjustments
     Total
consolidated
amounts
     MFLP  

Total invested assets

   $ 88      $ 410,588      $      $ 410,676      $ 10  

Insurance contract assets

            140               140         

Reinsurance contract held assets

            54,070               54,070         

Total other assets

     62,516        45,597        (67,889)        40,224        958  

Segregated funds net assets

            402,109               402,109         

Insurance contract liabilities, excluding those for account of segregated fund holders

            370,940               370,940         

Reinsurance contract held liabilities

            2,987               2,987         

Investment contract liabilities

            12,174               12,174         

Total other liabilities

     14,354        56,354        (1,591)        69,117        700  

Insurance contract liabilities for account of segregated fund holders

            119,896               119,896         

Investment contract liabilities for account of segregated fund holders

            282,213               282,213         

 

As at December 31, 2023    MFC
(Guarantor)
     Subsidiaries
on a combined
basis
     Consolidation
adjustments
     Total
consolidated
amounts
     MFLP  

Total invested assets

   $ 86      $ 417,124      $      $ 417,210      $ 9  

Insurance contract assets

            145               145         

Reinsurance contract held assets

            42,651               42,651         

Total other assets

     59,023        42,411        (63,410)        38,024        969  

Segregated funds net assets

            377,544               377,544         

Insurance contract liabilities, excluding those for account of segregated fund holders

            367,996               367,996         

Reinsurance contract held liabilities

            2,831               2,831         

Investment contract liabilities

            11,816               11,816         

Total other liabilities

     12,070        55,129        (539)        66,660        718  

Insurance contract liabilities for account of segregated fund holders

            114,143               114,143         

Investment contract liabilities for account of segregated fund holders

            263,401               263,401         

(II) Guarantees regarding John Hancock Life Insurance Company (U.S.A.) (“JHUSA”)

Details of guarantees regarding certain securities issued or to be issued by JHUSA are outlined in note 16.

Note 14 Segment and Geographic Reporting

 

The Company’s reporting segments are Asia, Canada, U.S., Global WAM and Corporate and Other. Each reporting segment is responsible for managing its operating results, developing products, and defining strategies for services and distribution based on the profile and needs of its businesses and markets. The Company’s significant product and service offerings by the reporting segments are mentioned below.

Wealth and asset management businesses (Global WAM) – branded as Manulife Investment Management, provides investment advice and innovative solutions to retirement, retail, and institutional clients. Products and services are distributed through multiple distribution channels, including agents and brokers affiliated with the Company, independent securities brokerage firms and financial advisors pension plan consultants and banks.

Insurance and annuity products (Asia, Canada and U.S.) – include a variety of individual life insurance, individual and group long-term care insurance and guaranteed and partially guaranteed annuity products. Products are distributed through multiple distribution channels, including insurance agents, brokers, banks, financial planners and direct marketing. Manulife Bank of Canada offers a variety of deposit and credit products to Canadian customers.

Corporate and Other segment – comprised of investment performance of assets backing capital, net of amounts allocated to operating segments; costs incurred by the corporate office related to shareholder activities (not allocated to the operating segments); financing costs; property and casualty reinsurance business; and run-off reinsurance operations including variable annuities and accident and health. In addition, consolidations and eliminations of transactions between operating segments are also included.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   100


Table of Contents

The following tables present results by reporting segments and by geographical location.

(a) By Segment

 

For the three months ended

March 31, 2024

   Asia      Canada      U.S.      Global
WAM
     Corporate
and Other
     Total  

Insurance service result

                 

Life, health and property and casualty insurance

   $ 564      $ 228      $ 95      $      $ 28      $ 915  

Annuities and pensions

     (17)        56        24                      63  

Total insurance service result

     547        284        119               28        978  

Net investment income (loss)

     2,228        1,204        905        (177)        333        4,493  

Insurance finance income (expenses)

                 

Life, health and property and casualty insurance

     (1,440)        (1,055)        (1,611)               24        (4,082)  

Annuities and pensions

     (1,128)        325        427                      (376)  

Total insurance finance income (expenses)

     (2,568)        (730)        (1,184)               24        (4,458)  

Reinsurance finance income (expenses)

                 

Life, health and property and casualty insurance

     (184)        (5)        476                      287  

Annuities and pensions

     586               (449)                      137  

Total reinsurance finance income (expenses)

     402        (5)        27                      424  

Decrease (increase) in investment contract liabilities

     (8)        (16)        (38)        (53)        4        (111)  

Net segregated fund investment result

                                         

Total investment result

     54        453        (290)        (230)        361        348  

Other revenue

     55        75        39        1,750        (111)        1,808  

Other expenses

     (56)        (160)        (18)        (1,092)        (132)        (1,458)  

Interest expenses

     (6)        (271)        (4)        (2)        (141)        (424)  

Net income (loss) before income taxes

     594        381        (154)        426        5        1,252  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

     (150)        (83)        46        (61)        (32)        (280)  

Net income (loss)

     444        298        (108)        365        (27)        972  

Less net income (loss) attributed to:

                 

Non-controlling interests

     55                                    55  

Participating policyholders

     26        25                             51  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders and other equity holders

   $ 363      $ 273      $ (108)      $ 365      $ (27)      $ 866  

Total assets

   $  184,829      $  156,211      $  252,120      $  277,148      $  36,911      $  907,219  

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   101


Table of Contents
For the three months ended
March 31, 2023
   Asia      Canada      U.S.     

Global

WAM

    

Corporate

and Other

     Total  

Insurance service result

                 

Life, health and property and casualty insurance

   $ 422      $ 211      $ 147      $      $ 47      $ 827  

Annuities and pensions

     (52)        48        26                      22  

Total insurance service result

     370        259        173               47        849  

Net investment income (loss)

     2,084        1,500        1,389        (204)        384        5,153  

Insurance finance income (expenses)

                 

Life, health and property and casualty insurance

     (1,636)        (941)        (1,308)               673        (3,212)  

Annuities and pensions

     (110)        (83)        (373)                      (566)  

Total insurance finance income (expenses)

     (1,746)        (1,024)        (1,681)               673        (3,778)  

Reinsurance finance income (expenses)

                 

Life, health and property and casualty insurance

     (48)        7        197               (670)        (514)  

Annuities and pensions

                   192                      192  

Total reinsurance finance income (expenses)

     (48)        7        389               (670)        (322)  

Decrease (increase) in investment contract liabilities

     (5)        (20)        4        (56)        (6)        (83)  

Net segregated fund investment result

                                         

Total investment result

     285        463        101        (260)        381        970  

Other revenue

     10        72        24        1,665        (80)        1,691  

Other expenses

     (50)        (139)        (75)        (1,055)        (105)        (1,424)  

Interest expenses

     (2)        (232)        (4)        (5)        (124)        (367)  

Net income (loss) before income taxes

     613        423        219        345        119        1,719  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

     (105)        (99)        (33)        (48)        (24)        (309)  

Net income (loss)

     508        324        186        297        95        1,410  

Less net income (loss) attributed to:

                 

Non-controlling interests

     54                                    54  

Participating policyholders

     (65)        15                             (50)  

Net income (loss) attributed to shareholders and other equity holders

   $ 519      $ 309      $ 186      $ 297      $ 95      $ 1,406  

Total assets

   $  170,495      $  153,325      $  251,020      $  242,815      $  44,467      $  862,122  

(b) By Geographic Location

 

For the three months ended
March 31, 2024
   Asia      Canada      U.S.      Other      Total  

Insurance service result

              

Life, health and property and casualty insurance

   $ 565      $ 224      $ 95      $ 31      $ 915  

Annuities and pensions

     (17)        56        24               63  

Total insurance service result

     548        280        119        31        978  

Net investment income (loss)

     2,256        1,387        849        1        4,493  

Insurance finance income (expenses)

              

Life, health and property and casualty insurance

     (1,440)        (1,055)        (1,587)               (4,082)  

Annuities and pensions

     (1,128)        325        427               (376)  

Total insurance finance income (expenses)

     (2,568)        (730)        (1,160)               (4,458)  

Reinsurance finance income (expenses)

              

Life, health and property and casualty insurance

     (184)        (5)        476               287  

Annuities and pensions

     586               (449)               137  

Total reinsurance finance income (expenses)

     402        (5)        27               424  

Decrease (increase) in investment contract liabilities

     (41)        (35)        (34)        (1)        (111)  

Net segregated fund investment result

                                  

Total investment result

   $ 49      $ 617      $ (318)      $      $ 348  

Other revenue

   $ 504      $ 535      $ 858      $ (89)      $ 1,808  

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   102


Table of Contents
For the three months ended
March 31, 2023
   Asia      Canada      U.S.      Other      Total  

Insurance service result

              

Life, health and property and casualty insurance

   $ 427      $ 204      $ 142      $ 54      $ 827  

Annuities and pensions

     (52)        48        26               22  

Total insurance service result

     375        252        168        54        849  

Net investment income (loss)

     2,201        1,636        1,292        24        5,153  

Insurance finance income (expenses)

              

Life, health and property and casualty insurance

     (1,636)        (275)        (1,303)        2        (3,212)  

Annuities and pensions

     (110)        (83)        (373)               (566)  

Total insurance finance income (expenses)

     (1,746)          (358)        (1,676)        2        (3,778)  

Reinsurance finance income (expenses)

              

Life, health and property and casualty insurance

     (52)        (659)        197               (514)  

Annuities and pensions

                   192               192  

Total reinsurance finance income (expenses)

     (52)          (659)        389               (322)  

Decrease (increase) in investment contract liabilities

     (59)        (28)        6        (2)        (83)  

Net segregated fund investment result

                                  

Total investment result

   $ 344      $ 591      $ 11      $ 24      $ 970  

Other revenue

   $ 335      $ 520      $ 843      $  (7)      $ 1,691  

 

Note 15

Segregated Funds

 

The Company manages a number of segregated funds on behalf of policyholders. Policyholders are provided with the opportunity to invest in different categories of segregated funds that hold a range of underlying investments. The underlying investments consist of both individual securities and mutual funds.

Segregated funds underlying investments may be exposed to a variety of financial and other risks. These risks are primarily mitigated by investment guidelines that are actively monitored by professional and experienced portfolio advisors. The Company is not exposed to these risks beyond the liabilities related to the guarantees associated with certain variable life and annuity products included in segregated funds. Accordingly, the Company’s exposure to loss from segregated fund products is limited to the value of these guarantees.

As at March 31, 2024, these guarantees are recorded within the Company’s insurance contract liabilities and amount to $1,836 (December 31, 2023 – $2,675), of which $552 are reinsured (December 31, 2023 – $980). Assets supporting these guarantees, net of reinsurance, are recognized in invested assets according to their investment type. “Insurance contract liabilities for account of segregated fund holders” on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position exclude these guarantees and are considered to be a non-distinct investment component of insurance contract liabilities. The “Risk Management and Risk Factors Update” section of the First Quarter 2024 MD&A provides information regarding market risk sensitivities associated with variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees.

 

Note 16

Information Provided in Connection with Investments in Deferred Annuity Contracts and Signature Notes Issued or Assumed by John Hancock Life Insurance Company (U.S.A.)

 

The following condensed consolidated financial information, presented in accordance with IFRS, and the related disclosure have been included in these Interim Consolidated Financial Statements with respect to JHUSA in compliance with Regulation S-X and Rule 12h-5 of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”). These financial statements are incorporated by reference in certain of the MFC and its subsidiaries registration statements and relate to MFC’s guarantee of certain securities to be issued by its subsidiaries. For information about JHUSA, the MFC guarantees and restrictions on the ability of MFC to obtain funds from its subsidiaries by dividend or loan, refer to note 24 to the Company’s 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   103


Table of Contents

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

 

As at March 31, 2024    MFC
(Guarantor)
     JHUSA
(Issuer)
     Other
subsidiaries
     Consolidation
adjustments
     Consolidated
MFC
 

Assets

              

Total invested assets

   $ 88      $ 103,834      $ 306,999      $ (245)      $ 410,676  

Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries

     62,104        8,917        19,348        (90,369)         

Insurance contract assets

                   216        (76)        140  

Reinsurance contract held assets

            47,115        17,327        (10,372)        54,070  

Other assets

     412        10,710        33,928        (4,826)        40,224  

Segregated funds net assets

            201,783        202,010        (1,684)        402,109  

Total assets

   $ 62,604      $  372,359      $ 579,828      $ (107,572)      $ 907,219  

Liabilities and equity

              

Insurance contract liabilities, excluding those for account of segregated fund holders

   $      $ 145,078      $ 236,639      $ (10,777)      $ 370,940  

Reinsurance contract held liabilities

                   2,990        (3)        2,987  

Investment contract liabilities

            3,960        8,832        (618)        12,174  

Other liabilities

     1,572        6,391        52,589        (4,864)        55,688  

Long-term debt

     6,233                             6,233  

Capital instruments

     6,549               647               7,196  

Insurance contract liabilities for account of segregated fund holders

            54,822        65,074               119,896  

Investment contract liabilities for account of segregated fund holders

            146,961        136,936        (1,684)        282,213  

Shareholders and other equity holders’ equity

     48,250        15,205        74,421        (89,626)        48,250  

Participating policyholders’ equity

            (58)        372               314  

Non-controlling interests

                   1,328               1,328  

Total liabilities and equity

   $ 62,604      $ 372,359      $ 579,828      $ (107,572)      $ 907,219  

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

 

As at December 31, 2023    MFC
(Guarantor)
     JHUSA
(Issuer)
     Other
subsidiaries
     Consolidation
adjustments
     Consolidated
MFC
 

Assets

              

Total invested assets

   $ 86      $ 109,433      $ 307,930      $ (239)      $ 417,210  

Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries

     58,694        8,674        17,916        (85,284)         

Insurance contract assets

                   217        (72)        145  

Reinsurance contract held assets

            42,418        10,380        (10,147)        42,651  

Other assets

     329        8,731        32,700        (3,736)        38,024  

Segregated funds net assets

            188,067        191,241        (1,764)        377,544  

Total assets

   $ 59,109      $  357,323      $ 560,384      $ (101,242)      $ 875,574  

Liabilities and equity

              

Insurance contract liabilities, excluding those for account of segregated fund holders

   $      $ 145,589      $ 232,972      $ (10,565)      $ 367,996  

Reinsurance contract held liabilities

                   2,831               2,831  

Investment contract liabilities

            3,487        8,928        (599)        11,816  

Other liabilities

     573        5,869        51,266        (3,786)        53,922  

Long-term debt

     6,071                             6,071  

Capital instruments

     5,426        594        647               6,667  

Insurance contract liabilities for account of segregated fund holders

            51,719        62,424               114,143  

Investment contract liabilities for account of segregated fund holders

            136,348        128,817        (1,764)        263,401  

Shareholders and other equity holders’ equity

     47,039        13,773        70,755        (84,528)        47,039  

Participating policyholders’ equity

            (56)        313               257  

Non-controlling interests

                   1,431               1,431  

Total liabilities and equity

   $ 59,109      $ 357,323      $ 560,384      $ (101,242)      $ 875,574  

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   104


Table of Contents

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2024    MFC
(Guarantor)
     JHUSA
(Issuer)
     Other
subsidiaries
     Consolidation
adjustments
     Consolidated
MFC
 

Insurance service result

              

Insurance revenue

   $      $ 2,714      $ 4,149      $ (366)      $ 6,497  

Insurance service expenses

              (2,504)        (3,143)        375        (5,272)  

Net expenses from reinsurance contracts held

            (97)        (150)               (247)  

Total insurance service result

            113        856        9        978  

Investment result

              

Net investment income (loss)

     5        854        3,513        121        4,493  

Insurance / reinsurance finance income (expenses)

            (887)        (3,156)        9        (4,034)  

Other investment result

            (25)        (61)        (25)        (111)  

Total investment result

     5        (58)        296        105        348  

Other revenue

     (3)        202        1,736        (127)        1,808  

Other expenses

     (12)        (275)        (1,243)        72        (1,458)  

Interest expenses

     (115)        4        (254)        (59)        (424)  

Net income (loss) before income taxes

     (125)        (14)        1,391               1,252  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

     42        43        (365)               (280)  

Net income (loss) after income taxes

     (83)        29        1,026               972  

Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated subsidiaries

     949        47        76        (1,072)         

Net income (loss)

   $ 866      $ 76      $ 1,102      $ (1,072)      $ 972  

Net income (loss) attributed to:

              

Non-controlling interests

   $      $      $ 55      $      $ 55  

Participating policyholders

                   51               51  

Shareholders and other equity holders

     866        76        996        (1,072)        866  
     $ 866      $ 76      $ 1,102      $ (1,072)      $ 972  

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2023    MFC
(Guarantor)
     JHUSA
(Issuer)
     Other
subsidiaries
     Consolidation
adjustments
     Consolidated
MFC
 

Insurance service result

              

Insurance revenue

   $      $ 2,402      $ 3,793      $ (432)      $ 5,763  

Insurance service expenses

              (2,165)        (2,987)        370        (4,782)  

Net expenses from reinsurance contracts held

            (152)        (36)        56        (132)  

Total insurance service result

            85        770        (6)        849  

Investment result

              

Net investment income (loss)

     5        1,133        3,957        58        5,153  

Insurance / reinsurance finance income (expenses)

            (1,266)        (2,840)        6        (4,100)  

Other investment result

            (18)        (38)        (27)        (83)  

Total investment result

     5        (151)        1,079        37        970  

Other revenue

     (4)        208        1,606        (119)        1,691  

Other expenses

     (11)        (303)        (1,183)        73        (1,424)  

Interest expenses

     (102)        (31)        (249)        15        (367)  

Net income (loss) before income taxes

     (112)        (192)        2,023               1,719  

Income tax (expenses) recoveries

     38        79        (426)               (309)  

Net income (loss) after income taxes

     (74)        (113)        1,597               1,410  

Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated subsidiaries

     1,480        206        93        (1,779)         

Net income (loss)

   $ 1,406      $ 93      $ 1,690      $ (1,779)      $ 1,410  

Net income (loss) attributed to:

              

Non-controlling interests

   $      $      $ 54      $      $ 54  

Participating policyholders

            15        (68)        3        (50)  

Shareholders and other equity holders

     1,406        78        1,704        (1,782)        1,406  
     $ 1,406      $ 93      $ 1,690      $ (1,779)      $ 1,410  

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   105


Table of Contents

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2024   

MFC

(Guarantor)

    

JHUSA

(Issuer)

    

Other

subsidiaries

    

Consolidation

adjustments

    

Consolidated

MFC

 

Operating activities

              

Net income (loss)

   $ 866      $ 76      $ 1,102      $ (1,072)      $ 972  

Adjustments:

              

Equity in net income of unconsolidated subsidiaries

     (949)        (47)        (76)        1,072         

Increase (decrease) in insurance contract net liabilities

            103        901               1,004  

Increase (decrease) in investment contract liabilities

            10        101               111  

(Increase) decrease in reinsurance contract assets,
excluding reinsurance transactions

            (131)        (185)               (316)  

Amortization of (premium) discount on invested assets

            8        (69)               (61)  

CSM amortization

            (103)        (489)               (592)  

Other amortization

     3        34        109               146  

Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses and impairment
on assets

     (4)        397        (94)               299  

Deferred income tax expenses (recoveries)

     (42)        69        (25)               2  

Loss on reinsurance transaction (pre-tax)

            33        85               118  

Cash provided by (used in) operating activities before undernoted items

     (126)        449        1,360               1,683  

Dividends from unconsolidated subsidiaries

            91               (91)         

Changes in policy related and operating receivables and
payables

     (29)        926        1,996               2,893  

Cash provided by (used in) operating activities

     (155)        1,466        3,356        (91)        4,576  

Investing activities

              

Purchases and mortgage advances

            (4,407)        (32,065)               (36,472)  

Disposals and repayments

            2,785        29,960               32,745  

Changes in investment broker net receivables and payables

            20        203               223  

Investment in common shares of subsidiaries

     (1,100)                      1,100         

Capital contribution to unconsolidated subsidiaries

            (1)               1         

Notes receivable from parent

                   (1,142)        1,142         

Notes receivable from subsidiaries

     (35)                      35         

Cash provided by (used in) investing activities

     (1,135)        (1,603)        (3,044)        2,278        (3,504)  

Financing activities

              

Change in repurchase agreements and securities sold but not yet purchased

                   (81)               (81)  

Issue of capital instruments, net

     1,094                             1,094  

Redemption of capital instruments

            (609)                      (609)  

Secured borrowing from securitization transactions

                   131               131  

Changes in deposits from Bank clients, net

                   244               244  

Lease payments

            (1)        (29)               (30)  

Shareholders’ dividends and other equity distributions

     (777)                             (777)  

Common shares repurchased

     (203)                             (203)  

Common shares issued, net

     35               1,100        (1,100)        35  

Contributions from (distributions to) non-controlling interests, net

                   1               1  

Dividends paid to parent

                   (91)        91         

Capital contributions by parent

                   1        (1)         

Notes payable to parent

                   35        (35)         

Notes payable to subsidiaries

     1,142                      (1,142)         

Cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     1,291        (610)        1,311        (2,187)        (195)  

Cash and short-term securities

              

Increase (decrease) during the period

     1        (747)        1,623               877  

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and short-term securities

     1        105        158               264  

Balance, beginning of period

     86        4,004        15,794               19,884  

Balance, end of period

     88        3,362        17,575               21,025  

Cash and short-term securities

              

Beginning of period

              

Gross cash and short-term securities

     86        4,329        15,923               20,338  

Net payments in transit, included in other liabilities

            (325)        (129)               (454)  

Net cash and short-term securities, beginning of period

     86        4,004        15,794               19,884  

End of period

              

Gross cash and short-term securities

     88        3,716        17,677               21,481  

Net payments in transit, included in other liabilities

            (354)        (102)               (456)  

Net cash and short-term securities, end of period

   $ 88      $ 3,362      $ 17,575      $      $ 21,025  

Supplemental disclosures on cash flow information:

              

Interest received

   $ 15      $ 896      $ 2,277      $ (64)      $ 3,124  

Interest paid

     176        7        267        (64)        386  

Income taxes paid (refund)

     4        (3)        516               517  

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   106


Table of Contents

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2023   

MFC

(Guarantor)

    

JHUSA

(Issuer)

    

Other

subsidiaries

    

Consolidation

adjustments

    

Consolidated

MFC

 

Operating activities

              

Net income (loss)

   $ 1,406      $ 93      $ 1,690      $ (1,779)      $ 1,410  

Adjustments:

              

Equity in net income of unconsolidated subsidiaries

     (1,480)        (206)        (93)        1,779         

Increase (decrease) in insurance contract net liabilities

            129        6,033               6,162  

Increase (decrease) in investment contract liabilities

            55        28               83  

(Increase) decrease in reinsurance contract assets, excluding reinsurance transactions

            17        339               356  

Amortization of (premium) discount on invested assets

            16        12               28  

CSM amortization

            (128)        (319)               (447)  

Other amortization

     2        35        101               138  

Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses and impairment on assets

     (4)        (7)        (1,852)               (1,863)  

Deferred income tax expenses (recoveries)

     (38)        (98)        253               117  

Stock option expense

            (1)        2               1  

Cash provided by (used in) operating activities before undernoted items

     (114)        (95)        6,194               5,985  

Dividends from unconsolidated subsidiaries

            85               (85)         

Changes in policy related and operating receivables and payables

     (29)        (437)        (2,564)               (3,030)  

Cash provided by (used in) operating activities

     (143)        (447)        3,630        (85)        2,955  

Investing activities

              

Purchases and mortgage advances

            (4,647)        (17,639)               (22,286)  

Disposals and repayments

            4,332        13,596               17,928  

Changes in investment broker net receivables and payables

            119        286               405  

Investment in common shares of subsidiaries

     (1,200)                      1,200         

Notes receivable from parent

                   (1,284)        1,284         

Notes receivable from subsidiaries

     (21)                      21         

Cash provided by (used in) investing activities

     (1,221)        (196)        (5,041)        2,505        (3,953)  

Financing activities

              

Change in repurchase agreements and securities sold but not yet purchased

                   152               152  

Issue of capital instruments, net

     1,194                             1,194  

Secured borrowing from securitization transactions

                   194               194  

Changes in deposits from Bank clients, net

                   (686)               (686)  

Lease payments

            (1)        (10)               (11)  

Shareholders’ dividends and other equity distributions

     (723)                             (723)  

Common shares repurchased

     (398)                             (398)  

Common shares issued, net

     20               1,200        (1,200)        20  

Dividends paid to parent

                   (85)        85         

Notes payable to parent

                   21        (21)         

Notes payable to subsidiaries

     1,284                      (1,284)         

Cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     1,377        (1)        786        (2,420)        (258)  

Cash and short-term securities

              

Increase (decrease) during the period

     13        (644)        (625)               (1,256)  

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and short-term securities

            (2)        13               11  

Balance, beginning of period

     63        2,215        16,357               18,635  

Balance, end of period

     76        1,569        15,745               17,390  

Cash and short-term securities

              

Beginning of period

              

Gross cash and short-term securities

     63        2,614        16,476               19,153  

Net payments in transit, included in other liabilities

            (399)        (119)               (518)  

Net cash and short-term securities, beginning of period

     63        2,215        16,357               18,635  

End of period

              

Gross cash and short-term securities

     76        1,986        16,713               18,775  

Net payments in transit, included in other liabilities

            (417)        (968)               (1,385)  

Net cash and short-term securities, end of period

   $ 76      $ 1,569      $ 15,745      $      $ 17,390  

Supplemental disclosures on cash flow information:

              

Interest received

   $ 16      $ 553      $ 2,117      $ (59)      $ 2,627  

Interest paid

     146        13        229        (59)        329  

Income taxes paid (refund)

     1        (1)        131               131  

Note 17 Comparatives

 

Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation.

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   107


Table of Contents

SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

 

 

MANULIFE FINANCIAL CORPORATION

HEAD OFFICE

200 Bloor Street East

Toronto, ON Canada M4W 1E5

Telephone: 416 926-3000

Website: www.manulife.com

INVESTOR RELATIONS

Financial analysts, portfolio managers and other investors requiring financial information may contact our Investor Relations Department or access our website at www.manulife.com

Email: InvestRel@manulife.com

SHAREHOLDER SERVICES

For information or assistance regarding your share account, including dividends, changes of address or ownership, lost certificates, to eliminate duplicate mailings or to receive shareholder material electronically, please contact our Transfer Agents in Canada, the United States, Hong Kong or the Philippines. If you live outside one of these countries, please contact our Canadian Transfer Agent.

 

TRANSFER AGENTS

Canada

TSX Trust Company

301 – 100 Adelaide St. West

Toronto, ON Canada M5H 4H1

Toll Free: 1 800 783-9495

Collect: 416 682-3864

Email: manulifeinquiries@tmx.com

Website: www.tsxtrust.com

TSX Trust Company offices are also located in Toronto, Vancouver and Calgary.

United States

Equiniti Trust Company, LLC

P.O. Box 27756

Newark, NJ

United States 07101

Toll Free: 1 800 249-7702

Collect: 416 682-3864

Email: manulifeinquiries@tmx.com

Website: https://tsxtrust.com/manulife

Hong Kong

Tricor Investor Services Limited

17/F, Far East Finance Centre

16 Harcourt Road

Hong Kong

Telephone: 852 2980-1333

Email: is-enquiries@hk.tricorglobal.com

Website: www.tricoris.com

Philippines

RCBC Trust Company

Ground Floor, West Wing

GPL (Grepalife) Building

221 Senator Gil Puyat Avenue

Makati City, Metro Manila, Philippines

Telephone: 632 5318-8567

Email: rcbcstocktransfer@rcbc.com

Website: www.rcbc.com/stocktransfer

AUDITORS

Ernst & Young LLP

Chartered Professional Accountants

Licensed Public Accountants

Toronto, Canada

The following Manulife documents are available online at www.manulife.com

 

    Annual Report and Proxy Circular

 

    Notice of Annual Meeting

 

    Shareholders Reports

 

    Public Accountability Statement

 

    2023 Sustainability Report
 

 

Rating

 

 

Financial strength is a key factor in generating new business, maintaining and expanding distribution relations and providing a base for expansion, acquisitions and growth. As at March 31, 2024, Manulife had total capital of C$76.4 billion, including C$48.3 billion of total shareholders’ and other equity. The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company’s financial strength ratings are among the strongest in the insurance industry. Rating agencies include AM Best Company (“AM Best”), DBRS Limited and affiliated entities (“Morningstar DBRS”), Fitch Ratings Inc. (“Fitch”), Moody’s Investors Service Inc. (“Moody’s”), and S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”).

Rating Agency

  MLI Rating   Rank
     

S&P

  AA-   (4th of 21 ratings)
     

Moody’s

  A1   (5th of 21 ratings)
     

Fitch

  AA-   (4th of 21 ratings)
     

Morningstar DBRS

  AA   (3rd of 22 ratings)
     

AM Best

  A+ (Superior)   (2nd of 13 ratings)

 

 

 

Common Stock Trading Data

 

 

The following values are the high, low and close prices, including the average daily trading volume for Manulife Financial Corporation’s common stock on the Canadian exchanges, the U.S. exchanges, The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong and the Philippine Stock Exchange for the first quarter. The common stock symbol is MFC on all exchanges except Hong Kong where it is 945.

As at March 31, 2024, there were 1,801 million common shares outstanding.

 

January 1 –

March 31,

2024

 

Canada

Canadian $

 

U.S.

United States $

 

Hong Kong

Hong Kong $

 

Philippines

Philippine

Pesos

         

High

  $  33.83    $    24.99    $   191.70    P   1,300
       

Low

  $  28.34    $    21.00    $   163.30    P   1,001
         

Close

  $  33.83    $    24.99    $   190.50    P   1,250
       

Average Daily Volume (000)

  9,611   3,436   20   0.3
 

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   108


Table of Contents

Consent to receive documents electronically

Electronic documents available from Manulife.

Manulife is pleased to offer Electronic Documents. Access the information when you want, no more waiting for the mail.

The Manulife documents available electronically are:

 

    Annual Report and Proxy Circular

 

    Notice of Annual Meeting

 

    Shareholder Reports

These documents will be available to you on our website www.manulife.com at the same time as they are mailed to other shareholders. Documents relating to the annual meeting, including annual reports, will be available on the website at least until the next version is available.

We will notify you when documents will be available on the website and confirm the instructions for accessing the documents at the same time. In the event that the documents are not available on our website, paper copies will be mailed to you.

This information is also available for viewing or downloading under quarterly reports from the Investor Relations section of our website at www.manulife.com

 

 

 

  Detach Here  

 

 

To receive documents electronically when they are available through Manulife’s electronic delivery service, complete this form and return it as indicated.

I have read and understand the statement on the reverse and consent to receive electronically the Manulife documents listed in the manner described. I acknowledge that I have the computer requirements to access the documents that are made available on Manulife’s website. I understand that I am not required to consent to electronic delivery and that I may revoke my consent at any time.

Please note: We will contact you by phone only if there is a problem with your email address.

The information provided is confidential and will not be used for any purpose other than that described.

 

Please Print:

 

 

Shareholder Name

 

 

Contact Phone Number

 

 

Shareholder Email Address

 

 

Shareholder Signature

 

 

Date
 

 

 

Manulife Financial Corporation – First Quarter 2024   109


Table of Contents

LOGO

 

 

 

 

manulife.com

Manulife, Manulife & Stylized M Design, and Stylized M Design are trademarks of The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company and are used by it, and by its affiliates, including Manulife Financial Corporation, under license.

Exhibit 99.2

Form 52-109F2

Certification of Interim Filings

Full Certificate

I, Roy Gori, President and Chief Executive Officer of Manulife Financial Corporation, certify the following:

 

  1.

Review: I have reviewed the interim financial report and interim MD&A (together, the “interim filings”) of Manulife Financial Corporation (the “issuer”) for the interim period ended March 31, 2024.

 

  2.

No misrepresentations: Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim filings do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was made, with respect to the period covered by the interim filings.

 

  3.

Fair presentation: Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim financial report together with the other financial information included in the interim filings fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, financial performance and cash flows of the issuer, as of the date of and for the periods presented in the interim filings.

 

  4.

Responsibility: The issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (DC&P) and internal control over financial reporting (ICFR), as those terms are defined in National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuer’s Annual and Interim Filings, for the issuer.

 

  5.

Design: Subject to the limitations, if any, described in paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3, the issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I have, as at the end of the period covered by the interim filings

 

  (a)

designed DC&P, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance that

 

  (i)

material information relating to the issuer is made known to us by others, particularly during the period in which the interim filings are being prepared; and

 

  (ii)

information required to be disclosed by the issuer in its annual filings, interim filings or other reports filed or submitted by it under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation; and

 

  (b)

designed ICFR, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with the issuer’s GAAP.

 

  5.1

Control framework: The control framework the issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I used to design the issuer’s ICFR is Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

 

  5.2

N/A

 

  5.3

N/A

 

  6.

Reporting changes in ICFR: The issuer has disclosed in its interim MD&A any change in the issuer’s ICFR that occurred during the period beginning on January 1, 2024 and ended on March 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s ICFR.

Date: May 8, 2024

 

/s/ Roy Gori

Roy Gori
President and Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 99.3

Form 52-109F2

Certification of Interim Filings

Full Certificate

I, Colin Simpson, Chief Financial Officer of Manulife Financial Corporation, certify the following:

 

  1.

Review: I have reviewed the interim financial report and interim MD&A (together, the “interim filings”) of Manulife Financial Corporation (the “issuer”) for the interim period ended March 31, 2024.

 

  2.

No misrepresentations: Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim filings do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was made, with respect to the period covered by the interim filings.

 

  3.

Fair presentation: Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim financial report together with the other financial information included in the interim filings fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, financial performance and cash flows of the issuer, as of the date of and for the periods presented in the interim filings.

 

  4.

Responsibility: The issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (DC&P) and internal control over financial reporting (ICFR), as those terms are defined in National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuer’s Annual and Interim Filings, for the issuer.

 

  5.

Design: Subject to the limitations, if any, described in paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3, the issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I have, as at the end of the period covered by the interim filings

 

  (a)

designed DC&P, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance that

 

  (i)

material information relating to the issuer is made known to us by others, particularly during the period in which the interim filings are being prepared; and

 

  (ii)

information required to be disclosed by the issuer in its annual filings, interim filings or other reports filed or submitted by it under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation; and

 

  (b)

designed ICFR, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with the issuer’s GAAP.

 

  5.1

Control framework: The control framework the issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I used to design the issuer’s ICFR is Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

 

  5.2

N/A

 

  5.3

N/A

 

  6.

Reporting changes in ICFR: The issuer has disclosed in its interim MD&A any change in the issuer’s ICFR that occurred during the period beginning on January 1, 2024 and ended on March 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s ICFR.

Date: May 8, 2024

 

/s/ Colin Simpson

Colin Simpson
Chief Financial Officer

Manulife Financial (PK) (USOTC:MNUFF)
Historical Stock Chart
From May 2024 to Jun 2024 Click Here for more Manulife Financial (PK) Charts.
Manulife Financial (PK) (USOTC:MNUFF)
Historical Stock Chart
From Jun 2023 to Jun 2024 Click Here for more Manulife Financial (PK) Charts.