RICHMOND, Va., June 24, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Indivior PLC
(LON: INDV) announces the presentation of new data from three
posters and one late-breaking oral presentation at the College on
Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD) 83rd Annual
Scientific Virtual Meeting taking place June 21-24, 2021.
Data presented include an assessment of substance use during
COVID-19 in a sample of participants in recovery from opioid use
disorder (OUD) in the United
States, a post-hoc analysis of the efficacy and safety of
different maintenance doses of extended-release buprenorphine in
participants who used opioids via the injection route, a study
assessing the safety and tolerability of initiating
extended-release buprenorphine after administration of a single
dose of 4 mg transmucosal buprenorphine, and a real-world
implementation study of extended-release buprenorphine in people
with OUD in diverse community healthcare settings in Australia.1,2,3,4
"Indivior is committed to furthering the scientific
understanding of substance use disorders, including opioid use
disorder, and to providing data that may help clinicians determine
how best they can help patients," said Christian Heidbreder, Chief Scientific Officer,
Indivior. "The COVID-19 pandemic is having a devastating impact on
the opioid crisis in the U.S. More than 90,000 people died from
drug overdose in the 12-month period ending November 2020, and approximately 67,574 of these
deaths are attributable to opioids.5 We must focus our
scientific, treatment and policy efforts on helping patients access
the treatment supports they need to move onto a path to
recovery."
Indivior Sponsored Studies:
Struggling with recovery from opioids: Who is at risk
during COVID-19? (Oral presentation) assessed substance use
during COVID-19 among those in recovery from Opioid Use Disorder
(OUD).1 The study sought to identify
individual-level factors associated with COVID-19-related impacts
on recovery in 216 participants originally enrolled in the
SUBLOCADE® (buprenorphine extended-release) clinical
program.1
During September 2020 through
January 2021, the study asked
participants how the COVID-19 crisis affected their recovery from
substance use.1 Classification and Regression Tree
(CART) analysis examined the association of 28 measures with
self-reported impact of COVID on recovery, including demographic
(e.g., race, education, employment), substance use (e.g., opioid
craving/withdrawal, treatment utilization), and psycho-social
factors (e.g., depression, quality of life,
stress).1
The main findings from the study were as follows:
- 26% of participants reported that COVID-19 had made recovery
somewhat or much harder1
- Past-month opioid use rate was higher among those who reported
that recovery was harder compared to those who did not (51% vs.
24%)1
- These findings suggest that a set of identified criteria in
this study might be beneficial to monitor among those in recovery
from OUD, particularly during large-magnitude crises and
particularly when access to healthcare is reduced.1
Examining the benefit of RBP-6000 300 mg versus 100 mg
maintenance dose in opioid injectors (Poster QA session)
compared the efficacy and safety of SUBLOCADE 300 mg versus 100 mg
maintenance doses in participants who used opioids via injection
route, using the data collected during the pivotal phase 3
trial.2 Adults with moderate or severe OUD
were randomized to SUBLOCADE monthly injections or placebo and
studied for 24 weeks.2 Participants receiving SUBLOCADE
were given 2 monthly injections of 300 mg, followed by 4 monthly
maintenance doses of 100 mg or 300 mg over the course of the
study.2
The main findings from the study were as follows:
- Opioid-injecting users experienced continued improvement in the
proportion of participants achieving abstinence with the 300 mg
maintenance dose; no significant improvement was noted with the 100
mg maintenance dose2
- Higher retention rates during the maintenance dose period was
observed for the opioid-injecting users who received 300 mg and for
the opioid non-injecting users who received 100 mg2
- The safety profiles of 300 mg and 100 mg maintenance doses
appeared comparable, including potential hepatic safety
events2
- This post-hoc analysis suggests that although a maintenance
dose of SUBLOCADE 100 mg may achieve sufficient efficacy and safety
in most opioid non-injecting users, the benefit of the 300 mg
maintenance dose is clinically relevant in opioid-injecting
users.2
Initiating Monthly Buprenorphine Injection After Single
Dose of Sublingual Buprenorphine (Poster QA session)
evaluated opioid withdrawal symptoms, safety and tolerability of
initiating SUBLOCADE 300 mg one hour after administering a single
dose of 4 mg transmucosal buprenorphine (BUP-TM).3
During this study, 26 participants received BUP-TM, 24 proceeded to
SUBLOCADE injection, and 20 completed the study.3
The main findings from the study were as follows:
- After SUBLOCADE injection, withdrawal symptoms and opioid
craving scores improved within 12h. Improvements were sustained for
4 weeks3
- Two of the 24 participants experienced precipitated withdrawal.
No participants had severe withdrawal3
- No serious Treatment Emergent Adverse Events were observed, nor
were any related to SUBLOCADE treatment3
- The authors concluded that initiating SUBLOCADE 300 mg
following a single 4 mg dose of BUP-TM show a safety profile
similar to that observed with SUBLOCADE induction per current
labeling.3
Indivior Collaborative Studies:
An Open-Label, Multicentre, Single-Arm Trial of Monthly
Injections of Extended Release Buprenorphine in People With Opioid
Use Disorder (Poster QA session) The Community Long-Acting
Buprenorphine (CoLAB) study evaluated patient outcomes among people
with OUD receiving 48 weeks of SUBLOCADE treatment and examined the
implementation of SUBLOCADE in diverse community healthcare
settings in Australia.4
The primary endpoint was to assess participant
retention in treatment at 48 weeks after treatment
initiation.4
The main findings from the study were as follows:
- The proportion of participants retained in treatment at 24- and
48-weeks following initiation of monthly SUBLOCADE injections was
86% and 75% respectively.4 Results also demonstrated
that the odds of use of all surveyed illicit substances in a given
month decreased significantly with time retained in SUBLOCADE
treatment, except for cannabis4
- The majority of participants (83%) reported they were extremely
or very satisfied with the treatment at the end of study, 14% were
satisfied or somewhat satisfied, while only 3% reported
dissatisfaction4
- The CoLAB study provides new insight into the uptake and
experience of people with OUD and treatment service providers, with
relevance for policy makers, health service planners,
administrators, and practitioners.4
Mortality of Buprenorphine and Methadone in the United States 2010-2017 (Poster QA
session) was conducted to provide public health
surveillance of buprenorphine overdose mortality by analyzing drug
mentions on death certificates from 2010 to 2017.6 The
study is part of a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy for
SUBOXONE® (buprenorphine and naloxone) Sublingual Film (CIII),
SUBOXONE tablets, and SUBUTEX® tablets.6
Results indicated that the buprenorphine-involved mortality rate
increased from 0.006 deaths per 100,000 population in 2010 to 0.068
in 2017.6 The proportion of polysubstance involvement
among buprenorphine-involved deaths rose from 76.7% in 2010 to
93.8% in 2017.6 Benzodiazepines were the most frequent
drug substance found with buprenorphine. Maintenance therapy is a
critical tool to combating the opioid crisis, and
polysubstance use further complicates
treatment.6 Given the high proportion of
polysubstance buprenorphine-involved deaths in 2017, there is
substantial need to communicate the risks of polysubstance use
to patients.6
About SUBLOCADE®7
SUBLOCADE (buprenorphine extended-release) injection,
for subcutaneous use (CIII)
INDICATION AND HIGHLIGHTED SAFETY INFORMATION
INDICATION
SUBLOCADE is indicated for the treatment of
moderate to severe opioid use disorder in patients who have
initiated treatment with a transmucosal buprenorphine-containing
product, followed by dose adjustment for a minimum of 7 days.
SUBLOCADE should be used as part of a complete treatment plan
that includes counseling and psychosocial support.
HIGHLIGHTED SAFETY INFORMATION
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WARNING: RISK OF
SERIOUS HARM OR DEATH WITH INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION; SUBLOCADE
RISK
EVALUATION AND MITIGATION STRATEGY
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Serious harm or
death could result if administered intravenously. SUBLOCADE forms a
solid mass upon contact with body fluids and may cause occlusion,
local tissue damage, and thrombo-embolic events, including life
threatening pulmonary emboli, if administered
intravenously.
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Because of the
risk of serious harm or death that could result from intravenous
self-administration, SUBLOCADE is only available through a
restricted program called the SUBLOCADE REMS Program. Healthcare
settings and pharmacies that order and dispense SUBLOCADE must be
certified in this program and comply with the REMS
requirements.
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Prescription use of this product is limited under the Drug
Addiction Treatment Act.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SUBLOCADE should not be administered to patients who have been
shown to be hypersensitive to buprenorphine or any component of the
ATRIGEL® delivery system
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Addiction, Abuse, and
Misuse: SUBLOCADE contains buprenorphine, a Schedule III
controlled substance that can be abused in a manner similar to
other opioids. Monitor patients for conditions indicative of
diversion or progression of opioid dependence and addictive
behaviors.
Respiratory Depression: Life threatening respiratory
depression and death have occurred in association with
buprenorphine. Warn patients of the potential danger of
self-administration of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants
while under treatment with SUBLOCADE.
Opioids can cause sleep-related breathing disorders e.g.,
central sleep apnea (CSA), sleep-related hypoxemia. Opioid use
increases the risk of CSA in a dose-dependent fashion. Consider
decreasing the opioid using best practices for opioid taper if CSA
occurs.
Strongly consider prescribing naloxone at SUBLOCADE initiation
or renewal because patients being treated for opioid use disorder
have the potential for relapse, putting them at risk for opioid
overdose. Educate patients and caregivers on how to recognize
respiratory depression and how to treat with naloxone if
prescribed.
Risk of Serious Injection Site Reactions: The most common
injection site reactions are pain, erythema and pruritis with some
involving abscess, ulceration, and necrosis. The likelihood of
serious injection site reactions may increase with inadvertent
intramuscular or intradermal administration.
Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome: Neonatal opioid
withdrawal syndrome is an expected and treatable outcome of
prolonged use of opioids during pregnancy.
Adrenal Insufficiency: If diagnosed, treat with physiologic
replacement of corticosteroids, and wean patient off the
opioid.
Risk of Opioid Withdrawal With Abrupt Discontinuation: If
treatment with SUBLOCADE is discontinued, monitor patients for
several months for withdrawal and treat appropriately.
Risk of Hepatitis, Hepatic Events: Monitor liver function
tests prior to and during treatment.
Risk of Withdrawal in Patients Dependent on Full Agonist
Opioids: Verify that patient is clinically stable on
transmucosal buprenorphine before injecting SUBLOCADE.
Treatment of Emergent Acute Pain: Treat pain with a
non-opioid analgesic whenever possible. If opioid therapy is
required, monitor patients closely because higher doses may be
required for analgesic effect.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Adverse reactions commonly
associated with SUBLOCADE (in ≥5% of subjects) were constipation,
headache, nausea, injection site pruritus, vomiting, increased
hepatic enzymes, fatigue, and injection site pain.
For more information about SUBLOCADE, the full Prescribing
Information including BOXED WARNING, and Medication Guide,
visit www.sublocade.com.
About SUBOXONE®8
SUBOXONE® (BUPRENORPHINE AND NALOXONE) SUBLINGUAL FILM
(CIII)
Indications and Usage
SUBOXONE® (buprenorphine and naloxone) Sublingual Film
(CIII) is indicated for treatment of opioid dependence.
SUBOXONE Film should be used as part of a complete treatment plan
that includes counseling and psychosocial support.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
Prescription use of this product is limited under the Drug
Addiction Treatment Act.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: SUBOXONE Film is
contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to
buprenorphine or naloxone as serious adverse reactions, including
anaphylactic shock, have been reported.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Addiction, Abuse, and
Misuse: SUBOXONE Film contains buprenorphine, a Schedule
III controlled substance that can be abused in a manner similar to
other opioids and is subject to criminal diversion. Monitor
patients for conditions indicative of diversion or progression of
opioid dependence and addictive behaviors.
Risk of Life-Threatening Respiratory Depression and
Concomitant Use of Benzodiazepines or Other CNS Depressants with
Buprenorphine: Buprenorphine has been associated with
life–threatening respiratory depression, overdose, and death,
particularly when misused by self-injection or with concomitant use
of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants, including alcohol.
Warn patients of the potential danger of self-administration of
benzodiazepines, other CNS depressants, opioid analgesics, and
alcohol while under treatment with SUBOXONE Film. Counsel patients
that such medications should not be used concomitantly unless
supervised by a healthcare provider.
Use with caution in patients with compromised respiratory
function (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cor
pulmonale, decreased respiratory reserve, hypoxia, hypercapnia, or
pre-existing respiratory depression).
Opioids can cause sleep-related breathing disorders; e.g.,
central sleep apnea (CSA), sleep-related hypoxemia. Opioid use
increases the risk of CSA in a dose-dependent fashion. Consider
decreasing the opioid using best practices for opioid taper if CSA
occurs.
Strongly consider prescribing naloxone at the time SUBOXONE Film
is initiated or renewed because patients being treated for opioid
use disorder have the potential for relapse, putting them at risk
for opioid overdose. Educate patients and caregivers on how to
recognize respiratory depression and, if naloxone is prescribed,
how to treat with naloxone. Emphasize the importance of calling 911
or getting emergency help, even if naloxone is administered.
Unintentional Pediatric Exposure: Buprenorphine can cause
severe, possibly fatal, respiratory depression in children who are
accidentally exposed to it. Instruct patients to store SUBOXONE
Film safely out of the sight and reach of children.
Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome: Neonatal opioid
withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) is an expected and treatable outcome of
prolonged use of opioids during pregnancy. NOWS may be
life-threatening if not recognized and treated in the neonate.
Newborns should be observed for signs of NOWS and managed
accordingly. Advise pregnant women receiving opioid addiction
treatment with SUBOXONE Film of the risk of neonatal opioid
withdrawal syndrome.
Adrenal Insufficiency: Adrenal insufficiency has been
reported with opioid use. If adrenal insufficiency is diagnosed,
treat with physiologic replacement doses of corticosteroids. Wean
the patient off the opioid.
Discontinuation of SUBOXONE Film Treatment: If
treatment is temporarily interrupted or discontinued, monitor
patients for several months for withdrawal and treat
appropriately.
Risk of Hepatitis, Hepatic Events: Because cases of
cytolytic hepatitis and hepatitis with jaundice have been observed
in individuals receiving buprenorphine, monitor liver function
tests prior to treatment and periodically during treatment.
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Hypersensitivity to
buprenorphine- and naloxone-containing products have been reported
most commonly as rashes, hives, and pruritus. Some cases of
bronchospasm, angioneurotic edema, and anaphylactic shock have also
been reported.
Precipitation of Opioid Signs and Symptoms: An opioid
withdrawal syndrome is likely to occur with parenteral misuse of
SUBOXONE Film by individuals physically dependent on full opioid
agonists such as heroin, morphine, or methadone. SUBOXONE
Film may precipitate opioid withdrawal signs and symptoms in such
persons before the effects of the full opioid agonist have
subsided.
Risk of Overdose in Opioid Naïve Patients: Because
death has been reported for opioid naïve individuals who received
buprenorphine sublingual tablet for analgesia, SUBOXONE Film is not
appropriate as an analgesic.
Use in Patients With Impaired Hepatic Function: SUBOXONE
Film is not recommended in patients with severe hepatic impairment
and may not be appropriate for patients with moderate hepatic
impairment. In patients with moderate hepatic impairment,
SUBOXONE Film is not recommended for initiation of treatment, but
may be used with caution and careful monitoring for maintenance
treatment in patients who have initiated treatment on a
buprenorphine product without naloxone.
Impairment of Ability to Drive or Operate Machinery:
SUBOXONE Film may impair the mental or physical abilities
required for the performance of potentially dangerous tasks such as
driving a car or operating machinery. Caution patients about
driving or operating hazardous machinery until they are reasonably
certain that SUBOXONE Film does not adversely affect their ability
to engage in such activities.
Orthostatic Hypotension: Buprenorphine may produce
orthostatic hypotension.
Elevation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure: Buprenorphine
may elevate cerebrospinal fluid pressure and should be used with
caution in patients with head injury, intracranial lesions, and
other circumstances when cerebrospinal pressure may be increased.
Buprenorphine can produce miosis and changes in the level of
consciousness that may interfere with patient evaluation.
Elevation of Intracholedochal Pressure: Buprenorphine has
been shown to increase intracholedochal pressure, as do other
opioids, and thus should be administered with caution to patients
with dysfunction of the biliary tract.
Effects in Acute Abdominal Conditions: Buprenorphine may
obscure the diagnosis or clinical course of patients with acute
abdominal conditions.
ADVERSE REACTIONS: Adverse events commonly
observed with SUBOXONE Film include oral hypoesthesia, glossodynia,
oral mucosal erythema, headache, nausea, vomiting, hyperhidrosis,
constipation, signs and symptoms of withdrawal, insomnia, pain, and
peripheral edema. This is not a complete list of potential adverse
events. Please see the full Prescribing Information for a complete
list.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Benzodiazepines: Use
caution in prescribing SUBOXONE Film for patients receiving
benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants and warn patients against
concomitant self–administration/misuse.
CYP3A4 Inhibitors and Inducers: Monitor patients
starting or ending CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers for potential
over– or under– dosing.
Antiretrovirals: In patients on chronic SUBOXONE
Film treatment, monitor dose if non–nucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitors are added to their treatment regimen.
Monitor patients taking SUBOXONE Film and atazanavir with and
without ritonavir, and reduce dose of SUBOXONE Film if
warranted.
Serotonergic Drugs: If concomitant use with
serotonergic drugs is warranted, monitor for serotonin syndrome,
particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment.
Discontinue SUBOXONE Film if serotonin syndrome is suspected.
Consult the full Prescribing Information for SUBOXONE Film for
more information on potentially significant drug interactions.
USE IN SPECIFIC
POPULATIONS
Pregnancy: Opioid-dependent women on
buprenorphine maintenance therapy may require additional analgesia
during labor.
Lactation: Buprenorphine passes into the mother's
milk. Advise breastfeeding women to monitor the infant for
increased drowsiness and breathing difficulties.
Fertility: Chronic use of opioids may cause reduced
fertility. It is not known whether these effects on fertility are
reversible.
Geriatric Patients: Monitor geriatric patients
receiving SUBOXONE Film for sedation or respiratory depression.
To report pregnancy or side effects associated with taking
SUBOXONE Film, please call 1-877-782-6966.
For more information about SUBOXONE Film, the full
Prescribing Information, and Medication Guide visit
www.suboxone.com. For REMS information visit
www.suboxoneREMS.com.
About Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)
Opioid addiction is not a moral weakness. Opioid addiction is a
chronic disease called Opioid Use Disorder (OUD).9
Opioid addiction may affect the parts of the brain that are
necessary for life-sustaining functions.10
In 2018, an estimated 10.3 million people aged 12 or older
misused opioids in the past year, including 9.9 million
prescription pain reliever misusers and 808,000 heroin
users.11 Approximately 506,000 people misused
prescription pain relievers and used heroin in the past
year.11 SUBLOCADE is not indicated for use in children
younger than 18 years of age. Buprenorphine, the active ingredient
of SUBLOCADE, can cause severe, possibly fatal, respiratory
depression in children who are accidentally exposed to
it.7
About Indivior
Indivior is a global pharmaceutical company working to help
change patients' lives by developing medicines to treat addiction
and serious mental illnesses. Our vision is that all patients
around the world will have access to evidence-based treatment for
the chronic conditions and co-occurring disorders of addiction.
Indivior is dedicated to transforming addiction from a global human
crisis to a recognized and treated chronic disease. Building on its
global portfolio of opioid dependence treatments, Indivior has a
pipeline of product candidates designed to both expand on its
heritage in this category and potentially address other chronic
conditions and cooccurring disorders of addiction, including
alcohol use disorder. Headquartered in the United States in Richmond, VA, Indivior employs more than 700
individuals globally and its portfolio of products is available in
over 40 countries worldwide. Visit www.indivior.com to learn more.
Connect with Indivior on LinkedIn by visiting
www.linkedin.com/company/indivior.
Forward-Looking Statements
This announcement contains certain statements that are
forward-looking. By their nature, forward-looking statements
involve risks and uncertainties as they relate to events or
circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. Actual
results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in
such statements because they relate to future events.
Forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements
regarding the Indivior Group's financial guidance for 2021, and its
medium- and long-term growth outlook, its operational goals, its
product development pipeline and statements regarding ongoing
litigation and other statements containing the words "subject to",
"believe", "anticipate", "plan", "expect", "intend", "estimate",
"project", "may", "will", "should", "would", "could", "can", the
negatives thereof, variations thereon and similar expressions.
Various factors may cause differences between Indivior's
expectations and actual results, including, among others (including
those described in the risk factors described in the most recent
Indivior PLC Annual Report and in subsequent releases): factors
affecting sales of Indivior Group's products and financial
position; the outcome of research and development activities;
decisions by regulatory authorities regarding the Indivior Group's
drug applications or authorizations; the speed with which
regulatory authorizations, pricing approvals and product launches
may be achieved, if at all; the outcome of post-approval clinical
trials; competitive developments; difficulties or delays in
manufacturing and in the supply chain; disruptions in or failure of
information technology systems; the impact of existing and future
legislation and regulatory provisions on product exclusivity;
trends toward managed care and healthcare cost containment;
legislation or regulatory action affecting pharmaceutical product
pricing, reimbursement or access; challenges in the commercial
execution; claims and concerns that may arise regarding the safety
or efficacy of the Indivior Group's products and product
candidates; risks related to legal proceedings, including
compliance with the U.S. Department of Justice Resolution and
Settlement Agreements, noncompliance with which could result in
potential exclusion from participating in U.S. Federal health care
programs; the ongoing investigative and antitrust litigation
matters; the opioid national multi-district litigation and
securities class action litigation; the Indivior Group's ability to
protect its patents and other intellectual property; the outcome of
patent infringement litigation relating to Indivior Group's
products, including the ongoing ANDA lawsuits; changes in
governmental laws and regulations; issues related to the
outsourcing of certain operational and staff functions to third
parties; risks related to the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and the
potential impact of COVID-19 on the Indivior Group's operations and
financial condition, which cannot be predicted with confidence;
uncertainties related to general economic, political, business,
industry, regulatory and market conditions; and the impact of
acquisitions, divestitures, restructurings, internal
reorganizations, product recalls and withdrawals and other unusual
items.
Consequently, forward-looking statements speak only as of the
date that they are made and should be regarded solely as our
current plans, estimates and beliefs. You should not place undue
reliance on forward-looking statements. We cannot guarantee future
results, events, levels of activity, performance or achievements.
Except as required by law, we do not undertake and specifically
decline any obligation to update, republish or revise
forward-looking statements to reflect future events or
circumstances or to reflect the occurrences of unanticipated
events.
References:
- Tegge et al. Struggling with Recovery from, Opioids:
Who is at Risk During COVID-19.; Presented at College on
Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD), Late Breaking Oral Presentation
II-COVID; June 21, 2021.
- Weist et. Al. Examining the benefit of RBP-6000 300 mg versus
100 mg maintenance dose in opioid injectors. #W93. Presented at
College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD), June 23, 2021.
- Weist et. Al. Initiating Monthly Buprenorphine Injection
After Single Dose of Sublingual Buprenorphine. #W102. Presented at
College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD), June 23, 2021.
- Farrell et Al. An Open-Label, Multicentre, Single-Arm Trial of
Monthly Injections of Extended Release Buprenorphine in People With
Opioid Use Disorder: The Colab Study. Presented at College on
Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD), June 23,
2021.
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm.
Accessed June 21, 2021.
- Black et Al. Mortality of Buprenorphine and Methadone in
the United States 2010-2017. #W88.
Presented at College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD),
June 23, 2021.
- SUBLOCADE® [Prescribing Information]. Indivior Inc.,
North Chesterfield, VA.
June 2021.
- SUBOXONE® [Prescribing Information]. Indivior Inc.,
North Chesterfield, VA.
March 2021.
- Rethink Opioid Addiction. Accessed May
28, 2021. https://www.rethinkopioidaddiction.com/
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), National
Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health. Drugs,
Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction. HHS Publication
No. (SMA) 18-5063PT5, Printed 2018
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Key
substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2018
National Survey on Drug Use and Health. HHS Publication No.
PEP19-5068, NSDUH Series H-54. Rockville,
MD: Center for Behavioural Health Statistics and Quality,
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/. Accessed on
November 7, 2019.
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