SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements of the Company are presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a comprehensive presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented. The interim results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024 or for any future periods. Emerging Growth Company The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s unaudited condensed financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used. Use of Estimates The preparation of unaudited condensed financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities during the reporting period. Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the unaudited condensed financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, cash equivalents included $339,638 and $309,742, respectively, for amounts invested in a treasury liquidity fund. Investments Held in Trust Account As of September 30, 2024, the assets held in the Trust Account were held in money market funds, which were invested in U.S. Treasury securities. All of the Company’s investments held in the Trust Account are classified as trading securities. Such trading securities are presented on the unaudited condensed balance sheet at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Gains and losses resulting from the change in fair value of investments held in Trust Account are included in Gain on investments held in Trust Account in the accompanying unaudited condensed statement of operations. The estimated fair values of investments held in the Trust Account are determined using available market information. The Company had $125,439,935 in investments held in the Trust Account as of September 30, 2024. Prepaid expenses Prepaid expenses - current of $125,262 consists primarily of premiums for directors and officers’ liability insurance. These premiums will be amortized over the 2-year term of the agreement. Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption The Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares that were sold as part of the Units in the Initial Public Offering contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such Public Shares in connection with the Company’s liquidation, or if there is a shareholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Company’s initial Business Combination. In accordance with ASC 480-10-S99, the Company classifies ordinary shares subject to redemption outside of permanent equity as the redemption provisions are not solely within the control of the Company. The Class A Ordinary Shares sold as part of the Units in the Initial Public Offering were issued with other freestanding instruments (i.e., Public Warrants) and as such, the initial carrying value of Class A Ordinary Shares classified as temporary equity will be the allocated proceeds determined in accordance with ASC 470-20. The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and adjusts the carrying value of redeemable shares to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Increases or decreases in the carrying amount of redeemable shares are affected by charges against additional paid-in capital, if any, and accumulated deficit. As of September 30, 2024, the Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption reflected in the condensed balance sheet is reconciled in the following table: | | | | Gross proceeds | | $ | 115,000,000 | Less: | | | | Proceeds allocated to Public Warrants | | | (345,000) | Issuance costs allocated to Class A ordinary shares | | | (8,982,095) | Plus: | | | | Remeasurement of carrying value to redemption value | | | 19,667,029 | Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption | | $ | 125,339,934 |
Offering Costs associated with the Initial Public Offering and Sale of Private Placement Shares The Company complies with the requirements of ASC 340-10-S99-1 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5A - Expenses of Offering. Offering costs consist principally of professional and registration fees incurred through the balance sheet date that are related to the Initial Public Offering. Offering costs directly attributable to the issuance of an equity contract to be classified in equity are recorded as a reduction in equity. Offering costs for equity contracts that are classified as assets and liabilities are expensed immediately. The Company incurred offering costs amounting to $9,088,588, consisting of $2,300,000 of cash underwriting fees, $5,175,000 of deferred underwriting fees and $1,613,588 of other offering costs. As such, the Company recorded $8,982,094 of offering costs as a reduction of temporary equity and $106,494 of offering costs as a reduction of permanent equity. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, which prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company’s management determined that the Cayman Islands is the Company’s major tax jurisdiction. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals, or material deviation from its position. The Company is considered to be an exempted Cayman Islands company with no connection to any other taxable jurisdiction and is presently not subject to income taxes or income tax filing requirements in the Cayman Islands, Italy or the United States. As such, the Company’s tax provision was zero for the period presented. The Company’s management does not expect that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will materially change over the next twelve months. Net Income Per Ordinary Share The Company complies with accounting and disclosure requirements of ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share. Net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period. Remeasurement associated with the redeemable Class A ordinary shares is excluded from net income per share as the redemption value approximates fair value. Therefore, the income per share calculation allocates income shared pro rata between Class A and Class B ordinary shares. As a result, the calculated net income per share is the same for redeemable Class A ordinary shares, non-redeemable Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. The Company has not considered the effect of the Public Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 5,750,000 shares in the calculation of diluted net income per share, since the exercise of the warrants are contingent upon the occurrence of future events; and consequently, diluted income per share is the same as basic income per share for the periods presented. The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income per ordinary share (in dollars, except per share amounts): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Three Months Ended | | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | | | September 30, 2024 | | September 30, 2023 | | September 30, 2024 | | September 30, 2023 | | | | | | Class A- | | Class B- | | | | | Class A- | | Class B- | | | | | Class A- | | Class B- | | | | | Class A- | | Class B- | | | Class A- | | non- | | non- | | Class A- | | non- | | non- | | Class A- | | non- | | non- | | Class A- | | non- | | non- | | | redeemable | | redeemable | | redeemable | | redeemable | | redeemable | | redeemable(1) | | redeemable | | redeemable | | redeemable | | redeemable | | redeemable | | redeemable(1) | Basic and diluted net income per ordinary share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Numerator: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Net income | | $ | 1,118,519 | | $ | 57,920 | | $ | 279,630 | | $ | 1,046,616 | | $ | 54,197 | | $ | 261,654 | | $ | 3,213,777 | | $ | 166,418 | | $ | 803,444 | | $ | 1,292,366 | | $ | 66,922 | | $ | 573,995 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Denominator: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding | | | 11,500,000 | | | 595,500 | | | 2,875,000 | | | 11,500,000 | | | 595,500 | | | 2,875,000 | | | 11,500,000 | | | 595,500 | | | 2,875,000 | | | 6,088,235 | | | 315,265 | | | 2,704,044 | Basic and diluted net income per share | | $ | 0.10 | | $ | 0.10 | | $ | 0.10 | | $ | 0.09 | | $ | 0.09 | | $ | 0.09 | | $ | 0.28 | | $ | 0.28 | | $ | 0.28 | | $ | 0.21 | | $ | 0.21 | | $ | 0.21 |
(1) | Excludes 375,000 Class B ordinary shares which are subject to forfeiture if the over-allotment option is not exercised in full or in part by the Underwriter for the year ended December 31, 2022 (see Note 5). In May 2023, the underwriter’s over-allotment option was exercised in full in conjunction with the Initial Public Offering, and the 375,000 Class B ordinary shares were no longer subject to forfeiture, and therefore such shares are included in the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding commencing at that date. |
Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution which, at times may exceed the Federal depository insurance coverage of $250,000. The Company has not experienced losses on this account and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such account. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), approximates the carrying amounts represented in the condensed balance sheet. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for sale of an asset or paid for transfer of a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers include: | ● | Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments in active markets; |
| ● | Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and |
| ● | Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. In some circumstances, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. |
Derivative Financial Instruments The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). Derivative instruments are initially recorded at fair value on the grant date and re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statements of operations. Derivative assets and liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date. Warrants The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC 480 and ASC 815. The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own ordinary shares, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding. For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as liabilities at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the statements of operations. The Public and Private Warrants are not precluded from equity classification and have been accounted for as such since the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter as long as they continue to meet the requirements for equity classification. Recent Accounting Standards In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Debt— Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”) to simplify accounting for certain financial instruments. ASU 2020-06 eliminates the current models that require separation of beneficial conversion and cash conversion features from convertible instruments and simplifies the derivative scope exception guidance pertaining to equity classification of contracts in an entity’s own equity. The new standard also introduces additional disclosures for convertible debt and freestanding instruments that are indexed to and settled in an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 amends the diluted earnings per share guidance, including the requirement to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments. The amendments are effective for smaller reporting companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact, if any, that ASU 2020-06 would have on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”), which provides for additional disclosures primarily related to the income tax rate reconciliations and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 requires entities to annually disclose the income tax rate reconciliation using both amounts and percentages, considering several categories of reconciling items, including state and local income taxes, foreign tax effects, tax credits and nontaxable or nondeductible items, among others. Disclosure of the reconciling items is subject to a quantitative threshold and disaggregation by nature and jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 also requires entities to disclose net income taxes paid or received to federal, state and foreign jurisdictions, as well as by individual jurisdiction, subject to a five percent quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 may be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-09 on disclosures in our Financial Statements. Our management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards if currently adopted would have a material effect on the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements.
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