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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _______ to _______
Commission File Number: 1-35335
Groupon, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 27-0903295
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
600 W Chicago Avenue 60654
Suite 400 (Zip Code)
Chicago
Illinois (312) 334-1579
(Address of principal executive offices) (Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share GRPN NASDAQ Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes  ☒         No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).        
Yes  ☒        No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐                            Accelerated filer ☒        
Non-accelerated filer ☐                            Smaller reporting company ☐
                                     Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐        No  ☒ 
As of November 1, 2021, there were 29,560,392 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding.


TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I. Financial Information Page
Forward-Looking Statements
3
Item 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
4
4
5
6
8
10
35
56
57
PART II. Other Information
58
59
63
63
64
65

______________________________________________________
2


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy and plans and our objectives for future operations. The words "may," "will," "should," "could," "expect," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "intend," "continue" and other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic or other pandemics or disease outbreaks on our business; our ability to execute, and achieve the expected benefits of, our go-forward strategy; execution of our business and marketing strategies; volatility in our operating results; challenges arising from our international operations, including fluctuations in currency exchange rates, legal and regulatory developments in the jurisdictions in which we operate; global economic uncertainty; retaining and adding high quality merchants; retaining existing customers and adding new customers; competing successfully in our industry; providing a compelling mobile experience for our customers; managing refund risks; retaining and attracting members of our executive team and other qualified personnel; customer and merchant fraud; payment-related risks; our reliance on email, internet search engines and mobile application marketplaces to drive traffic to our marketplace; cybersecurity breaches; maintaining and improving our information technology infrastructure; reliance on cloud-based computing platforms; completing and realizing the anticipated benefits from acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures and strategic investments; lack of control over minority investments; managing inventory and order fulfillment risks; claims related to product and service offerings; protecting our intellectual property; maintaining a strong brand; the impact of future and pending litigation; compliance with domestic and foreign laws and regulations, including the CARD Act, GDPR and regulation of the Internet and e-commerce; classification of our independent contractors or employees; exposure to greater than anticipated tax liabilities; adoption of tax legislation; our ability to raise capital if necessary; risks related to our access to capital and outstanding indebtedness, including our convertible senior notes; our common stock, including volatility in our stock price; our ability to realize the anticipated benefits from the capped call transactions relating to our convertible senior notes; and those risks and other factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 and Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2021, June 30, 2021 and September 30, 2021, as well as in our condensed consolidated financial statements, related notes, and the other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. We do not intend, and undertake no obligation, to update any of our forward-looking statements after the date of this report to reflect actual results or future events or circumstances. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
As used herein, "Groupon," "the Company," "we," "our," "us" and similar terms include Groupon, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

3


ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

GROUPON, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 476,782  $ 850,587 
Accounts receivable, net 34,383  42,998 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 50,427  40,441 
Total current assets 561,592  934,026 
Property, equipment and software, net 78,114  85,284 
Right-of-use assets - operating leases, net 51,971  75,349 
Goodwill 216,899  214,699 
Intangible assets, net 25,810  30,151 
Investments 122,934  37,671 
Other non-current assets 30,551  34,327 
Total assets $ 1,087,871  $ 1,411,507 
Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings $ 100,000  $ 200,000 
Accounts payable 36,666  33,026 
Accrued merchant and supplier payables 229,911  410,963 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 241,737  294,999 
Total current liabilities 608,314  938,988 
Convertible senior notes, net 223,028  229,490 
Operating lease obligations 66,375  90,927 
Other non-current liabilities 40,657  44,428 
Total liabilities 938,374  1,303,833 
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 6)
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 100,500,000 shares authorized; 39,873,255 shares issued and 29,579,138 shares outstanding at September 30, 2021; 39,142,896 shares issued and 28,848,779 shares outstanding at December 31, 2020
4  4 
Additional paid-in capital 2,266,489  2,348,114 
Treasury stock, at cost, 10,294,117 shares at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020
(922,666) (922,666)
Accumulated deficit (1,183,558) (1,320,886)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (10,976) 3,109 
Total Groupon, Inc. stockholders' equity 149,293  107,675 
Noncontrolling interests 204  (1)
Total equity 149,497  107,674 
Total liabilities and equity $ 1,087,871  $ 1,411,507 

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

GROUPON, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Revenue:
Service $ 198,976  $ 155,073  $ 577,761  $ 474,478 
Product 15,195  148,946  166,185  599,337 
Total revenue 214,171  304,019  743,946  1,073,815 
Cost of revenue:
Service 19,127  17,005  58,719  60,162 
Product 13,605  126,992  142,862  515,158 
Total cost of revenue 32,732  143,997  201,581  575,320 
Gross profit 181,439  160,022  542,365  498,495 
Operating expenses:
Marketing 53,159  31,386  130,545  116,758 
Selling, general and administrative 119,494  124,257  384,606  475,017 
Goodwill impairment —  —  —  109,486 
Long-lived asset impairment —  —  —  22,351 
Restructuring and related charges 12,483  20,559  34,150  61,037 
Total operating expenses 185,136  176,202  549,301  784,649 
Income (loss) from operations (3,697) (16,180) (6,936) (286,154)
Other income (expense), net 82,533  (867) 97,729  (21,549)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes 78,836  (17,047) 90,793  (307,703)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes 135  (486) 773  (7,170)
Income (loss) from continuing operations 78,701  (16,561) 90,020  (300,533)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax —  —  —  382 
Net income (loss) 78,701  (16,561) 90,020  (300,151)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests (594) 291  (737) (1,758)
Net income (loss) attributable to Groupon, Inc. $ 78,107  $ (16,270) $ 89,283  $ (301,909)
Basic net income (loss) per share:
Continuing operations $ 2.64  $ (0.57) $ 3.05  $ (10.59)
Discontinued operations —  —  —  0.01 
Basic net income (loss) per share $ 2.64  $ (0.57) $ 3.05  $ (10.58)
Diluted net income (loss) per share:
Continuing operations $ 2.36  $ (0.57) $ 2.80  $ (10.59)
Discontinued operations —  —  —  0.01 
Diluted net income (loss) per share) $ 2.36  $ (0.57) $ 2.80  $ (10.58)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Basic 29,567,802  28,751,520  29,282,932  28,535,393 
Diluted 33,364,538  28,751,520  32,393,891  28,535,393 
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss) $ 78,701  $ (16,561) $ 90,020  $ (300,151)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss) from continuing operations:
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments 6,770  (11,786) (46,353) (21,379)
Reclassification of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments (See Note 9) (16) —  32,268  — 
Other comprehensive income (loss) from continuing operations 6,754  (11,786) (14,085) (21,379)
Other comprehensive income (loss) from discontinued operations —  —  —  — 
Other comprehensive income (loss) 6,754  (11,786) (14,085) (21,379)
Comprehensive income (loss) 85,455  (28,347) 75,935  (321,530)
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest (594) 291  (737) (1,758)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Groupon, Inc. $ 84,861  $ (28,056) $ 75,198  $ (323,288)
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

GROUPON, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands, except share amounts)
(unaudited)
Groupon, Inc. Stockholders' Equity
  Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Treasury Stock Accumulated Deficit Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total Groupon, Inc. Stockholders' Equity Non-controlling Interests Total Equity
  Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at December 31, 2020 39,142,896  $ 4  $ 2,348,114  (10,294,117) $ (922,666) $ (1,320,886) $ 3,109  $ 107,675  $ (1) $ 107,674 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle due to adoption of ASU 2020-06, net of tax —  —  (67,014) —  —  48,045  —  (18,969) —  (18,969)
Comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  —  —  14,558  (17,564) (3,006) (110) (3,116)
Vesting of restricted stock units and performance share units 308,954  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Shares issued under employee stock purchase plan 23,418  —  349  —  —  —  —  349  —  349 
Tax withholdings related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards (122,931) —  (4,901) —  —  —  —  (4,901) —  (4,901)
Purchase of capped call transactions —  —  (23,840) —  —  —  —  (23,840) —  (23,840)
Stock-based compensation on equity-classified awards —  —  8,387  —  —  —  —  8,387  —  8,387 
Receipts from noncontrolling interest holders —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  36  36 
Balance at March 31, 2021 39,352,337  $ 4  $ 2,261,095  (10,294,117) $ (922,666) $ (1,258,283) $ (14,455) $ 65,695  $ (75) $ 65,620 
Comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  —  —  (3,382) (3,275) (6,657) 253  (6,404)
Vesting of restricted stock units and performance share units 707,372  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Tax withholdings related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards (254,466) —  (11,716) —  —  —  —  (11,716) —  (11,716)
Settlement of convertible note hedges —  —  3,061  —  —  —  —  3,061  —  3,061 
Settlement of warrants —  —  (1,752) —  —  —  —  (1,752) —  (1,752)
Purchase of capped call transactions —  —  (3,576) —  —  —  —  (3,576) —  (3,576)
Stock-based compensation on equity-classified awards —  —  10,501  —  —  —  —  10,501  —  10,501 
Receipts from noncontrolling interest holders —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  102  102 
Balance at June 30, 2021 39,805,243  $ 4  $ 2,257,613  (10,294,117) $ (922,666) $ (1,261,665) $ (17,730) $ 55,556  $ 280  $ 55,836 
Comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  —  —  78,107  6,754  84,861  594  85,455 
Vesting of restricted stock units and performance share units 72,851  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Shares issued under employee stock purchase plan 25,981  —  779  —  —  —  —  779  —  779 
Tax withholdings related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards (30,820) —  (974) —  —  —  —  (974) —  (974)
Stock-based compensation on equity-classified awards —  —  9,071  —  —  —  —  9,071  —  9,071 
Receipts from noncontrolling interest holders —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (670) (670)
Balance at September 30, 2021 39,873,255  $ 4  $ 2,266,489  (10,294,117) $ (922,666) $ (1,183,558) $ (10,976) $ 149,293  $ 204  $ 149,497 
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
6

GROUPON, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands, except share amounts)
(unaudited)
Groupon, Inc. Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Treasury Stock Accumulated Deficit Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total Groupon, Inc. Stockholders' Equity Non-controlling Interests Total Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at December 31, 2019 38,584,854  $ 4  $ 2,310,393  (10,294,117) $ (922,666) $ (1,032,876) $ 39,081  $ 393,936  $ 1,110  $ 395,046 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle due to adoption of ASC Topic 326, net of tax —  —  —  —  —  (79) —  (79) —  (79)
Comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  —  —  (213,522) (1,961) (215,483) 3,044  (212,439)
Vesting of restricted stock units and performance share units 165,705  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Shares issued under employee stock purchase plan 28,621  —  1,163  —  —  —  —  1,163  —  1,163 
Tax withholdings related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards (67,135) —  (3,684) —  —  —  —  (3,684) —  (3,684)
Stock-based compensation on equity-classified awards —  —  15,345  —  —  —  —  15,345  —  15,345 
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (3,845) (3,845)
Balance at March 31, 2020 38,712,045  $ 4  $ 2,323,217  (10,294,117) $ (922,666) $ (1,246,477) $ 37,120  $ 191,198  $ 309  $ 191,507 
Comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  —  —  (72,117) (7,632) (79,749) (995) (80,744)
Vesting of restricted stock units and performance share units 430,100  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Tax withholdings related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards (164,468) —  (4,554) —  —  —  —  (4,554) —  (4,554)
Stock-based compensation on equity-classified awards —  —  10,936  —  —  —  —  10,936  —  10,936 
Receipts from noncontrolling interest holders —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  339  339 
Balance at June 30, 2020 38,977,677  $ 4  $ 2,329,599  (10,294,117) $ (922,666) $ (1,318,594) $ 29,488  $ 117,831  $ (347) $ 117,484 
Comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  —  —  (16,270) (11,786) (28,056) (291) (28,347)
Vesting of restricted stock units and performance share units 104,819  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Shares issued under employee stock purchase plan 40,750  —  628  —  —  —  —  628  —  628 
Tax withholdings related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards (38,286) —  (1,016) —  —  —  —  (1,016) —  (1,016)
Stock-based compensation on equity-classified awards —  —  9,221  —  —  —  —  9,221  —  9,221 
Receipts from noncontrolling interest holders —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  553  553 
Balance at September 30, 2020 39,084,960  $ 4  $ 2,338,432  (10,294,117) $ (922,666) $ (1,334,864) $ 17,702  $ 98,608  $ (85) $ 98,523 
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
7

GROUPON, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
  Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2021 2020
Operating activities    
Net income (loss) $ 90,020  $ (300,151)
Less: Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax —  382 
Income (loss) from continuing operations 90,020  (300,533)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and software 46,879  60,988 
Amortization of acquired intangible assets 6,728  7,378 
Impairment of goodwill —  109,486 
Impairment of long-lived assets —  22,351 
Restructuring-related impairment 7,651  17,199 
Stock-based compensation 25,121  30,937 
Changes in fair value of investments (95,533) 8,089 
Amortization of debt discount on convertible senior notes 1,226  10,824 
Foreign currency translation adjustments reclassified into earnings (32,268) — 
Change in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable 7,985  9,602 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (11,155) 29,098 
Right-of-use assets - operating leases 16,016  17,680 
Accounts payable 3,996  20,733 
Accrued merchant and supplier payables (175,079) (163,125)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (43,654) 2,496 
Operating lease obligations (24,614) (29,709)
Other, net 21,735  2,002 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations (154,946) (144,504)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from discontinued operations —  — 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (154,946) (144,504)
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software (37,865) (36,662)
Proceeds from sale or divestment of investment 6,859  31,605 
Acquisitions of intangible assets and other investing activities (2,491) (3,416)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from continuing operations (33,497) (8,473)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from discontinued operations —  1,224 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (33,497) (7,249)
Financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of 2026 convertible notes 230,000  — 
Proceeds from (payments of) borrowings under revolving credit agreement (100,000) 200,000 
Issuance costs for 2026 convertible notes and revolving credit agreement (7,747) (1,148)
Purchase of capped call transactions (27,416) — 
Payments for the repurchase of Atairos convertible notes (254,000) — 
Proceeds from the settlement of convertible note hedges 2,315  — 
Payments for the settlement of warrants (1,345) — 
Taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards (17,591) (8,787)
Payments of finance lease obligations (4,887) (7,438)
Other financing activities 203  (2,070)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (180,468) 180,557 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, including cash classified within current assets of discontinued operations (4,894) (716)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, including cash classified within current assets of discontinued operations (373,805) 28,088 
Less: Net increase (decrease) in cash classified within current assets of discontinued operations —  1,224 
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (373,805) 26,864 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period (1)
851,085  752,657 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period (1)
$ 477,280  $ 779,521 
8

GROUPON, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest $ 13,166  $ 10,837 
Income tax payments for continuing operations 9,406  6,209 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities:
Operating leases $ —  $ 12,201 

(1)The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown above to amounts reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021, December 31, 2020, September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents $ 476,782  $ 850,587  $ 778,967  $ 750,887 
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets 498  498  315  1,534 
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets —  —  239  236 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 477,280  $ 851,085  $ 779,521  $ 752,657 
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
9

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)

1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Company Information
Groupon, Inc. and its subsidiaries, which commenced operations in October 2008, is a global scaled two-sided marketplace that connects consumers to merchants by offering goods and services, generally at a discount. Consumers access those marketplaces through our mobile applications and our websites, primarily localized groupon.com sites in many countries.
Our operations are organized into two segments: North America and International. See Note 13, Segment Information.
COVID-19 Pandemic
Since March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant decrease in consumer demand and active customers, a decrease in customer redemptions and elevated refund levels due to changes in consumer behavior and protective measures taken to control the spread of COVID-19. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, which has included impairments of our goodwill and long-lived assets. Recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic could be volatile and prolonged given the unprecedented and continuously-evolving nature of the situation.
Unaudited Interim Financial Information
We have prepared the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. These condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and, in our opinion, include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments and accruals, necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), cash flows and stockholders' equity for the periods presented. These condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Principles of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Groupon, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, majority-owned subsidiaries over which we exercise control and variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Outside stockholders' interests in subsidiaries are shown on the condensed consolidated financial statements as Noncontrolling interests. Investments in entities in which we do not have a controlling financial interest are accounted for at fair value, as available-for-sale securities or at cost adjusted for observable price changes and impairments, as appropriate.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates in our financial statements include, but are not limited to, the following: variable consideration from unredeemed vouchers; income taxes; leases; initial valuation and subsequent impairment testing of goodwill, other intangible assets and long-lived assets; investments; receivables; customer refunds and other reserves; contingent liabilities; and the useful lives of property, equipment and software and intangible assets. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
10

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to the condensed consolidated financial statements of prior periods to conform to the current period presentation.
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
We adopted the guidance in Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, on January 1, 2021. This ASU simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.
We adopted the guidance in ASU 2020-03, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments, on January 1, 2021. This ASU amends a wide variety of Topics in the Codification, including revolving-debt arrangements and allowance for credit losses related to leases. The adoption of ASU 2020-03 did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.
We early adopted the guidance in ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity, on January 1, 2021. The ASU removes the separation models for convertible debt with a cash conversion feature or convertible instruments with a beneficial conversion feature. Additionally, the ASU removes certain conditions for equity classification related to contracts in an entity’s own equity (e.g., warrants) and amends certain guidance related to the computation of income (loss) per share for convertible instruments and contracts in an entity’s own equity.
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06, we separated the convertible senior notes due 2022 (the "Atairos Notes") into their liability and equity components. Following the adoption of ASU 2020-06, the previously bifurcated equity component of the Atairos Notes was recombined with the liability component, resulting in a single liability-classified instrument. The carrying value of the Atairos Notes at transition was determined by recalculating the basis of the Atairos Notes as if the conversion option had not been bifurcated at issuance. Transaction costs related to the issuance of the Atairos Notes that were allocated to the equity component were reclassified out of Additional paid-in-capital and the amortization and the related debt discount associated with these costs was recalculated through the transition date. The transaction costs were recorded as a debt discount in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and amortized to interest expense over the remaining term of the Atairos Notes. Together with the cash interest, this resulted in an effective interest rate of 3.76%. As a result of adopting ASU 2020-06, we recorded a $67.0 million net reduction to additional paid-in capital, a $19.0 million increase to Convertible senior notes, net and a $48.0 million reduction to our opening accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2021. See Note 5, Financing Arrangements, for additional information.
2. GOODWILL AND LONG-LIVED ASSETS
The following table summarizes goodwill activity by segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands):
North America International Consolidated
Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ 178,685  $ 36,014  $ 214,699 
Other (1)
—  3,776  3,776 
Foreign currency translation —  (1,576) (1,576)
Balance as of September 30, 2021 $ 178,685  $ 38,214  $ 216,899 
(1)Represents the reclassification between Right-of-use assets - operating leases, net and Goodwill due to an adjustment in the allocation of impairments recorded in 2020 between those two accounts.
In accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other, we evaluate goodwill for impairment annually on October 1 or more frequently when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicates the carrying value may not be recoverable. We also review our long-lived assets, such as property,
11

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
equipment and software, right-of-use assets and intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable.
During the third quarter 2021, we determined the prolonged recovery from the pandemic, particularly in our International segment, and the sustained decrease in our stock price required us to evaluate our goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment. We determined there was no impairment for goodwill; however, we recognized impairment in our right-of-use assets and leasehold improvements under our restructuring plan as noted below. In order to evaluate goodwill for impairment in the third quarter 2021, we compared the fair values of our two reporting units, North America and International, to their carrying values. In determining the fair values of our reporting units, we used the discounted cash flow method under the income approach and the market multiple valuation approach that use Level 3 inputs. The fair value of the reporting units exceeded the carrying value, therefore we concluded that goodwill was not impaired for either of our reporting units during the third quarter 2021.
Due to the circumstances described above, during the third quarter 2021, we evaluated our long-lived assets for impairment. We determined the carrying amount for certain right-of-use assets and leasehold improvements related to our restructuring plan were not fully recoverable due to changes in sublease assumptions. These assets, classified as Level 3 inputs, were written down to fair value based on the discounted cash flow method under the income approach for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. See Note 9, Restructuring and Related Charges, for more information on our restructuring and related charges impairments and details in the table below.
During the first quarter 2020, the significant deterioration in our financial performance due to the disruption in our operations from COVID-19 and the sustained decreased in our stock price required us to evaluate our goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment. In determining fair values of our reporting units, we used the discounted cash flow method and the market multiple valuation approach that use Level 3 inputs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized $109.5 million of goodwill impairment and $22.4 million of long-lived asset impairment within our International segment related to our EMEA operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized long-lived asset impairments of $3.3 million and $17.2 million for certain asset groups due to actions taken under our restructuring plan. See Note 9, Restructuring and Related Charges, for additional information.
Future events and changing market conditions due to the impact of COVID-19 may require us to re-evaluate the estimates used in our fair value measurements, which could result in additional impairment of long-lived assets or goodwill in future periods that may have a material effect on our operating results.
Impairment charges are presented within the following line items of the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Long-lived asset impairment:
North America $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
International —  —  —  22,351 
Total Long-lived asset impairment —  —  —  22,351 
Restructuring and related charges:
North America 5,430  834  5,430  14,322 
International 2,221  2,462  2,221  2,877 
Total Restructuring and related charges impairment 7,651  3,296  7,651  17,199 
Total impairment $ 7,651  $ 3,296  $ 7,651  $ 39,550 
12

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following table summarizes impairment for long-lived assets and restructuring and related charges by asset type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Property, equipment and software, net
Leasehold improvements $ 870  $ 191  $ 870  $ 7,749 
Computer hardware —  —  —  2,842 
Right-of-use assets - finance leases, net
—  70  —  1,388 
Internally-developed software —  —  —  2,988 
Other Property, equipment and software, net —  —  —  929 
Total Property, equipment and software, net 870  261  870  15,896 
Right-of-use assets - operating leases, net 6,781  3,035  6,781  22,680 
Intangible assets, net —  —  —  103 
Other non-current assets —  —  —  871 
Total long-lived assets $ 7,651  $ 3,296  $ 7,651  $ 39,550 
The following table summarizes intangible assets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value
Merchant relationships $ 19,914  $ 11,662  $ 8,252  $ 20,208  $ 9,236  $ 10,972 
Trade names 9,597  8,132  1,465  9,651  7,921  1,730 
Developed technology 538  538  —  2,121  1,863  258 
Patents 12,225  5,462  6,763  10,813  4,697  6,116 
Other intangible assets 17,706  8,376  9,330  17,823  6,748  11,075 
Total $ 59,980  $ 34,170  $ 25,810  $ 60,616  $ 30,465  $ 30,151 
Amortization of intangible assets is computed using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from 1 to 10 years. Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $2.1 million and $2.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 and $6.7 million and $7.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. As of September 30, 2021, estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):
Remaining amounts in 2021 $ 2,153 
2022 8,398 
2023 7,229 
2024 3,544 
2025 1,974 
Thereafter 2,512 
Total $ 25,810 
    

13

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
3. INVESTMENTS
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, our carrying value in other equity investments was $122.9 million and $37.7 million. We hold available-for-sale securities and fair value option investments in various entities that had a carrying value of zero as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Our percentage ownership in these investments for the periods reported was as follows:
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Percent Ownership of Voting Stock Percent Ownership of Voting Stock
Other equity investments 1% to 19% 1% to 19%
Available-for-sale securities - redeemable preferred shares 19% to 25% 19% to 25%
Fair value option investments 10% to 19% 10% to 19%
During the first quarter 2020, we recognized a $1.4 million loss from changes in the fair value of our fair value option investments.
Other Equity Investments
Other equity investments represent equity investments without readily determinable fair values recorded at cost adjusted for observable price changes and impairments. During the third quarter 2021, we adjusted the carrying value of an other equity investment in a mobile payments company due to an observable price change in an orderly transaction, which resulted in an unrealized gain of $89.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. During the third quarter 2021, we also sold 100% of our shares in an other equity investment for total cash consideration of $2.6 million and recognized a gain of $2.2 million. In the second quarter 2021, we divested our shares in an other equity investment and recognized a gain and total cash consideration of $4.2 million. The gains on our investments have been presented in Other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the applicable three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
During the first quarter 2020, we sold 50% of our shares in an other equity investment for total cash consideration of $34.0 million. In addition, we recorded a $6.7 million impairment during the first quarter 2020 to an other equity investment as a result of revised cash flow projections and a deterioration in financial condition due to COVID-19. We did not recognize any impairments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
4. SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AND STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS INFORMATION
The following table summarizes other income (expense), net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Interest income $ 1,336  $ 1,268  $ 3,818  $ 5,254 
Interest expense (3,534) (9,408) (14,123) (24,375)
Changes in fair value of investments (1)
91,288  —  95,533  (8,089)
Loss on extinguishment of debt —  —  (5,090) — 
Foreign currency gains (losses), net and other (2)
(6,557) 7,273  17,591  5,661 
Other income (expense), net $ 82,533  $ (867) $ 97,729  $ (21,549)
(1)Includes an $89.1 million unrealized gain due to an upward adjustment for an observable price change of an other equity investment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. Refer to Note 3, Investments, for additional information.
(2)Includes a $32.3 million cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment gain that was reclassified into earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as a result of the substantial liquidation of our subsidiary in Japan as part of our restructuring actions. See Note 9, Restructuring and Related Charges, for additional information.
14

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following table summarizes prepaid expenses and other current assets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Prepaid expenses $ 20,404  $ 18,038 
Income taxes receivable 8,060  5,437 
Deferred cloud implementation cost 11,861  4,942 
Other 10,102  12,024 
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 50,427  $ 40,441 
The following table summarizes other non-current assets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Deferred income tax $ 11,283  $ 11,593 
Debt issue costs, net 808  1,852 
Deferred contract acquisition costs 6,979  5,315 
Deferred cloud implementation costs 5,782  10,402 
Other 5,699  5,165 
Total other non-current assets $ 30,551  $ 34,327 
The following table summarizes accrued merchant and supplier payables as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Accrued merchant payables $ 215,365  $ 303,260 
Accrued supplier payables (1)
14,546  107,703 
Total accrued merchant and supplier payables $ 229,911  $ 410,963 
(1)Includes payables to suppliers of inventories and providers of shipping and fulfillment services.
The following table summarizes accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Refund reserve $ 22,239  $ 33,173 
Compensation and benefits 24,625  54,958 
Accrued marketing 21,388  15,299 
Restructuring-related liabilities 10,001  13,746 
Customer credits 78,217  61,006 
Income taxes payable 1,182  7,862 
Deferred revenue 3,868  11,223 
Operating and finance lease obligations 32,836  37,755 
Deferred cloud computing contract incentive 3,000  3,000 
Other (1)
44,381  56,977 
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 241,737  $ 294,999 
(1)Includes $2.9 million in certain payroll taxes under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security ("CARES") Act. These amounts are due by December 31, 2021.
15

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following table summarizes other non-current liabilities as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Contingent income tax liabilities $ 25,563  $ 25,593 
Deferred income taxes 3,408  3,170 
Deferred cloud computing contract incentive 2,000  4,250 
Other (1)
9,686  11,415 
Total other non-current liabilities $ 40,657  $ 44,428 
(1)Includes $2.9 million in certain payroll taxes under the CARES Act. These amounts are due by December 31, 2022.
5. FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
Adoption of ASU 2020-06
On January 1, 2021, we early adopted ASU 2020-06 using the modified retrospective method. The ASU eliminates the requirement to separately recognize an equity component when accounting for convertible debt that may be cash-settled upon conversion or convertible instruments with a beneficial conversion feature. Additionally, the ASU removes certain conditions for equity classification related to contracts in an entity’s own equity (e.g., warrants) and amends certain guidance related to the computation of income (loss) per share for convertible instruments and contracts in an entity’s own equity.
Beginning January 1, 2021, our condensed consolidated financials are presented in accordance with ASU 2020-06, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historical policies. The new guidance changed the accounting for our 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes, due 2022, as discussed below.
3.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022
In April 2016, we issued $250.0 million in aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes (the "Atairos Notes") in a private placement to A-G Holdings, L.P. In May 2021, we repurchased the Atairos Notes for an aggregate purchase price equal to $255.0 million, consisting of the $250.0 million outstanding principal amount, $1.0 million of accrued interest through the repurchase date and a $4.0 million prepayment penalty. In the second quarter 2021, we recognized a $5.1 million loss on the early extinguishment of the Atairos Notes, which is presented in Other income (expense), net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Note Hedges and Warrants
In May 2016, we purchased convertible note hedges with respect to our common stock for a cost of $59.1 million from certain bank counterparties. The convertible note hedges were intended to reduce the potential economic dilution upon conversion of the Atairos Notes. We also sold warrants for total cash proceeds of $35.5 million to certain bank counterparties. The amounts paid and received for the convertible note hedges and warrants were recorded in Additional paid-in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2020.
In connection with the repurchase of the Atairos Notes, we entered into agreements (collectively "the Unwind Agreements") with each of the bank counterparties in May 2021 to unwind the convertible note hedges and warrants. Pursuant to the terms of the Unwind Agreements, we received cash proceeds of $2.3 million for the settlement of the convertible note hedges and paid cash consideration of $1.3 million for the settlement of the warrants.
1.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026
In March and April 2021, we issued $230.0 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes due 2026 (the "2026 Notes") in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers. The net proceeds from this offering were $222.1 million. The 2026 Notes bear interest at a rate of 1.125% per annum, payable semiannually
in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, which began on September 15, 2021. The 2026 Notes will mature on March 15, 2026, subject to earlier repurchase, redemption or conversion.
We used $27.4 million of the net proceeds from the offering to pay the cost of certain related capped call transactions and used the remaining net proceeds, together with cash on hand, to repurchase the Atairos Notes.
Each $1,000 of principal amount of the 2026 Notes initially is convertible into 14.6800 shares of common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of $68.12 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. In addition, upon the occurrence of a make-whole fundamental change, as defined in the Indenture governing the 2026 Notes (the "Indenture"), or if we issue a notice of redemption, we will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate by a number of additional shares for a holder that elects to convert its 2026 Notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change or redemption.
Upon conversion, we can elect to settle the conversion value in cash, shares of our common stock, or any combination of cash and shares of our common stock. Subject to certain conditions, holders of the 2026 Notes may convert the 2026 Notes at their option at any time until the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. In addition, if specified corporate events occur prior to the maturity date, we may be required to increase the conversion rate for holders who elect to convert based on the effective date of such event and the applicable stock price attributable to the event. Based on the closing price of the common stock of $22.81 as of September 30, 2021, the if-converted value of the 2026 Notes was less than the principal amount.
Certain conditions apply to the conversion by holders and redemption by us of the 2026 Notes, which are set forth in the Indenture governing the 2026 Notes. In addition, upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture) prior to the maturity date, holders may require us to repurchase all or a portion of the 2026 Notes for cash.
The 2026 Notes are our senior unsecured obligations and will rank senior in right of payment to any of our indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2026 Notes; equal in right of payment to any of our unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any of our secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities of current or future subsidiaries (including trade payables).
The Indenture includes customary events of default. If an event of default, as defined in the Indenture, occurs and is continuing, the principal amount of the 2026 Notes and any accrued and unpaid interest may be declared immediately due and payable. In the case of bankruptcy or insolvency, the principal amount of the 2026 Notes and any accrued and unpaid interest would automatically become immediately due and payable.
We account for the 2026 Notes as a single liability-classified instrument measured at amortized cost due to the adoption of ASU 2020-06. The carrying value of the 2026 Notes was determined by deducting transaction costs incurred in connection with the issuance of the 2026 Notes of $7.8 million from the principal amount. Those transaction costs were recorded as a debt discount in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are amortized to interest expense. Together with the cash interest, this results in an effective interest rate of 1.83% over the term of the 2026 Notes. We have presented the 2026 Notes in non-current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The carrying amount of the 2026 Notes consisted of the following as of September 30, 2021 (in thousands):
September 30, 2021
Principal amount $ 230,000 
Less: debt discount (6,972)
Net carrying amount of liability $ 223,028 
We classified the fair value of the 2026 Notes as a Level 3 measurement due to the lack of observable market data over fair value inputs such as our stock price volatility over the term of the 2026 Notes and our cost of
debt. The estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes as of September 30, 2021 was $178.9 million and was determined using a lattice model.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we recognized total interest costs on the 2026 Notes and the Atairos Notes as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Contractual interest $ 646  $ 2,032  $ 4,378  $ 6,096 
Amortization of debt discount 374  3,701  1,226  10,824 
Total $ 1,020  $ 5,733  $ 5,604  $ 16,920 
Capped Call Transactions
In March and April 2021, in connection with the offering of the 2026 Notes, we entered into privately-negotiated capped call transactions with each of Barclays Bank PLC, BNP Paribas and Mizuho Markets Americas LLC. The capped call transactions cover, subject to customary adjustments, the number of shares of common stock initially underlying the 2026 Notes. The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce potential dilution to our common stock upon any conversion of the 2026 Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap initially equal to $104.80 (which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Global Select Market on March 22, 2021), subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the capped call transactions.
The capped call transactions are accounted for as freestanding derivatives and recorded at the initial fair value in Additional paid-in-capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheets with no recorded subsequent change to fair value as long as they meet the criteria for equity classification.
Under the if-converted method, the shares of common stock underlying the conversion option in the 2026 Notes are included in the diluted income (loss) per share denominator and the interest expense and amortization of the debt discount on the 2026 Notes, net of tax, are added to the numerator. However, upon conversion, there will be minimized economic dilution from the 2026 Notes, as exercise of the capped call transactions reduces dilution from the 2026 Notes that would have otherwise occurred when the price of our common stock exceeds the conversion price. The capped call transactions are intended to offset actual dilution from the conversion of the 2026 Notes and to effectively increase the overall conversion price from $68.12 to $104.80 per share.
Revolving Credit Agreement
In May 2019, we entered into a second amended and restated senior secured revolving credit agreement which provided for aggregate principal borrowings of up to $400.0 million (prior to the Amendments described below) and matures in May 2024.
In July 2020, we entered into an amendment to the revolving credit agreement (the "First Amendment") in order to provide us with, among other things, operational flexibility and covenant relief through the end of the first quarter of 2021 in light of the ongoing impacts of COVID-19 on our business. In addition to the covenant relief described below, the First Amendment permanently reduces borrowing capacity under our senior secured revolving credit facility from $400.0 million to $225.0 million.
In March 2021, we entered into a second amendment to the revolving credit agreement (the "Second Amendment" and the revolving credit agreement as amended, the "Amended Credit Agreement") to extend the suspension period provided by the First Amendment through the fourth quarter of 2021 (unless terminated by us prior to then) (the "Suspension Period"), amend and remove certain financial covenants applicable after the amended Suspension Period ends and permit the issuance of the 2026 Notes and related capped call transactions. We voluntarily elected to early terminate the Suspension Period as of the third quarter of 2021.
We deferred debt issuance costs of $3.5 million as a result of entering into the Amended Credit Agreement. Deferred debt issuance costs are included within Other non-current assets on the condensed
consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021 and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the respective agreement.
Pursuant to the Amendments, during the Suspension Period, we were exempt from certain covenant restrictions, namely the requirements to maintain a maximum funded indebtedness to Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization ("EBITDA") ratio and a minimum liquidity balance (including any undrawn amounts under the credit facility) of at least 70% of our accrued merchant and supplier payables balance (which covenant applies again beginning in the third quarter 2021 following our voluntary early termination of the Suspension Period). Additionally, the Amendments provide that, during the Suspension Period, we were required to maintain specified minimum quarterly EBITDA levels and to maintain a monthly minimum liquidity balance (including any undrawn amounts under the credit facility) of at least 100% of our accrued merchant and supplier payables balance for such month plus $50.0 million. The Second Amendment also permanently removes requirements that we maintain (i) a maximum senior secured indebtedness to EBITDA ratio and (ii) unrestricted cash of not less than $250.0 million. Finally, the Second Amendment changes the requirement to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio to a requirement to maintain a minimum interest coverage ratio. Following our voluntary early termination of the Suspension Period, we are subject to the ordinary course covenants under the Amended Credit Agreement beginning in the third quarter 2021.
In addition, under the Amended Credit Agreement, we are subject to various covenants, including customary restrictive covenants that limit our ability to, among other things: incur additional indebtedness; make dividend and other restricted payments, including limiting the amount of our share repurchases; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; make investments, loans or advances; grant or incur liens on assets; sell assets; engage in mergers, consolidations, liquidations or dissolutions; and engage in transactions with related parties and other affiliates. The Amendments further restricted certain of these negative covenants during the Suspension Period, including our ability to make share repurchases, acquisitions, investments and to incur additional indebtedness and liens.
As of September 30, 2021, we were in compliance with the applicable covenants under our Amended Credit Agreement. Non-compliance with the covenants under the Amended Credit Agreement may result in termination of the commitments thereunder and any then outstanding borrowings may be declared due and payable immediately. We have the right to terminate the Amended Credit Agreement or reduce the available commitments at any time.
The Amendments also increased interest rates through the end of the Suspension Period (i.e., through the third quarter 2021), raising the alternative base rate and Canadian prime spreads to 1.50%, the fixed rate spreads to 2.50% and the commitment fee to 0.40% on the daily amount of the unused commitments under the Amended Credit Agreement. Following the Suspension Period, the applicable spread and commitment fee will revert to pre-Amendment levels, which provides for (a) interest at a rate per annum equal to (i) an adjusted LIBO rate or (ii) a customary base rate (with loans denominated in certain currencies bearing interest at rates specific to such currencies) plus an additional margin ranging between 0.50% and 2.00% and (b) commitment fees ranging from 0.25% to 0.35% on the daily amount of unused commitments. The Amended Credit Agreement also includes a replacement mechanism for the discontinuation of the adjusted LIBO rate. In addition, the Amended Credit Agreement provides for the issuance of up to $75.0 million in letters of credit, provided that the sum of outstanding borrowings and letters of credit do not exceed the maximum funding commitment of $225.0 million.
The Amended Credit Agreement is secured by substantially all of our tangible and intangible assets, including a pledge of 100% of the outstanding capital stock of substantially all of our direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the shares or equity interests of first-tier foreign subsidiaries and each U.S. entity whose assets substantially consist of capital stock and/or intercompany debt of one or more foreign subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions. Certain of our domestic and foreign subsidiaries are guarantors under the Amended Credit Agreement.
We had $100.0 million of outstanding borrowings and $19.7 million of outstanding letters of credit as of September 30, 2021, and $200.0 million of outstanding borrowings and $20.6 million of outstanding letters of credit as of December 31, 2020 under the Amended Credit Agreement.
16

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
6. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Our contractual obligations and commitments and future operating income under our operating subleases as of September 30, 2021 and through the date of this report, did not materially change from the amounts set forth in our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K, except as discussed below.
Purchase Obligations
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and through the date of this report, we entered into non-cancellable arrangements. Future payments under these new contractual obligations are as follows (in thousands):
Remaining in 2021 $ 1,082 
2022 4,935 
2023 10,933 
2024 14,642 
2025 18,000 
Thereafter — 
Total $ 49,592 
Legal Matters and Other Contingencies
From time to time, we are party to various legal proceedings incident to the operation of our business. For example, we currently are involved in proceedings brought by merchants, employment and related matters, intellectual property infringement suits, customer lawsuits, stockholder claims relating to U.S. securities law, consumer class actions and suits alleging, among other things, violations of state consumer protection or privacy laws.
On April 28, 2020, an individual plaintiff filed a securities fraud class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, and in July 2020, another individual was appointed as lead plaintiff. The lawsuit covers the time period from July 30, 2019 through February 18, 2020. The lead plaintiff alleges that Groupon and certain of its officers made materially false and/or misleading statements or omissions regarding its business, operations and prospects, specifically as it relates to reiterating its full year guidance on November 4, 2019 and the Groupon Select program. Plaintiff seeks unspecified compensatory damages and attorneys' fees. Groupon filed a motion to dismiss the complaint and, on April 28, 2021, the Court granted this motion and dismissed the complaint without prejudice. The Court provided the plaintiff with the opportunity to file a motion to seek leave to file an amended complaint, and plaintiff filed a motion for leave to file a second amended complaint, which has the same allegations and class period as the prior complaint. Groupon filed an opposition to plaintiff's motion, and on August 11, 2021, the Court granted plaintiff's motion. Discovery has now commenced in this matter. We intend to continue to vigorously defend the case, which we believe to be without merit.
In addition, on September 9, 2021 a federal derivative lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for District of Delaware. The lawsuit names Groupon and certain of the Company's former and current officers and directors. The plaintiff alleges that defendants failed to disclose material, non-public information, specifically with respect to the Goods business, Groupon Select program and Groupon's full year guidance reiterated on November 4, 2019. The plaintiff's claims also include allegations of breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, and waste of corporate assets relating to the Groupon Select program and the sale of stock by certain directors. Plaintiff seeks unspecified damages sustained by the Company, injunctive and equitable relief and attorneys’ fees. We intend to vigorously defend this matter, which we believe to be without merit.
In addition, third parties have from time to time claimed, and others may claim in the future, that we have infringed their intellectual property rights. We are subject to intellectual property disputes, including patent infringement claims, and expect that we will continue to be subject to intellectual property infringement claims as our services expand in scope and complexity. In the past, we have litigated such claims, and we are presently involved in several patent infringement and other intellectual property-related claims, including pending litigation
17

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
or trademark disputes relating to, for example, our Goods category, some of which could involve potentially substantial claims for damages or injunctive relief. We may also become more vulnerable to third-party claims as laws such as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act are interpreted by the courts, and we become subject to laws in jurisdictions where the underlying laws with respect to the potential liability of online intermediaries are either unclear or less favorable. We believe that additional lawsuits alleging that we have violated patent, copyright or trademark laws may be filed against us. Intellectual property claims, whether meritorious or not, are time consuming and often costly to resolve, could require expensive changes in our methods of doing business or the goods we sell, or could require us to enter into costly royalty or licensing agreements.
We also are subject to consumer claims or lawsuits relating to alleged violations of consumer protection or privacy rights and statutes, some of which could involve potentially substantial claims for damages, including statutory or punitive damages. Consumer and privacy-related claims or lawsuits, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, damage awards, fines and penalties, injunctive relief or increased costs of doing business through adverse judgment or settlement, or require us to change our business practices, sometimes in expensive ways.
We are also subject to, or in the future may become subject to, a variety of regulatory inquiries, audits, and investigations across the jurisdictions where we conduct our business, including, for example, inquiries related to consumer protection, employment matters and/or hiring practices, marketing practices, tax, unclaimed property and privacy rules and regulations. Any regulatory actions against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, damage awards, fines and penalties, injunctive relief or increased costs of doing business through adverse judgment or settlement, require us to change our business practices in expensive ways, require significant amounts of management time, result in the diversion of significant operational resources, materially damage our brand or reputation, or otherwise harm our business.
We establish an accrued liability for loss contingencies related to legal and regulatory matters when the loss is both probable and reasonably estimable. Those accruals represent management's best estimate of probable losses and, in such cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of the amounts accrued. For certain of the matters described above, there are inherent and significant uncertainties based on, among other factors, the stage of the proceedings, developments in the applicable facts of law, or the lack of a specific damage claim. However, we believe that the amount of reasonably possible losses in excess of the amounts accrued for those matters would not have a material adverse effect on our business, condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Our accrued liabilities for loss contingencies related to legal and regulatory matters may change in the future as a result of new developments, including, but not limited to, the occurrence of new legal matters, changes in the law or regulatory environment, adverse or favorable rulings, newly discovered facts relevant to the matter, or changes in the strategy for the matter. Regardless of the outcome, litigation and other regulatory matters can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.
Indemnifications
In connection with the disposition of our operations in Latin America in 2017, we recorded $5.4 million in indemnification liabilities for certain tax and other matters upon the closing of the transactions as an adjustment to the net loss on the dispositions within discontinued operations at their fair value. We estimated the indemnification liabilities using a probability-weighted expected cash flow approach. Our remaining indemnification liabilities were $2.8 million as of September 30, 2021. We estimate that the total amount of obligations that are reasonably possible to arise under the indemnifications in excess of amounts accrued as of September 30, 2021 is approximately $11.7 million.
In the normal course of business to facilitate transactions related to our operations, we indemnify certain parties, including employees, lessors, service providers, merchants, and counterparties to investment agreements and asset and stock purchase agreements with respect to various matters. We have agreed to hold certain parties harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations or covenants, or other claims made against those parties. These agreements may limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made and the amount of the claim. We are also subject to increased exposure to various claims as a result of our divestitures and acquisitions, particularly in cases where we are entering into new businesses in connection with such
18

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
acquisitions. We may also become more vulnerable to claims as we expand the range and scope of our services and are subject to laws in jurisdictions where the underlying laws with respect to potential liability are either unclear or less favorable. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our officers, directors and underwriters, and our bylaws contain similar indemnification obligations that cover officers, directors, employees and other agents. 
Except as noted above, it is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Historically, any payments that we have made under these agreements have not had a material impact on our operating results, financial position or cash flows.
7. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND COMPENSATION ARRANGEMENTS
Common Stock
Pursuant to our restated certificate of incorporation, as of September 30, 2021, the Board had the authority to issue up to a total of 100,500,000 shares of common stock. Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote per share on any matter that is submitted to a vote of stockholders. In addition, holders of our common stock will vote as a single class of stock on any matter that is submitted to a vote of stockholders.
Share Repurchase Program
In May 2018, the Board authorized us to repurchase up to $300.0 million of our common stock under our share repurchase program. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we did not purchase any shares under the program. As of September 30, 2021, up to $245.0 million of common stock remained available for purchase under our program. The timing and amount of share repurchases, if any, will be determined based on market conditions, limitations under the Amended Credit Agreement, share price, available cash and other factors, and the share repurchase program may be terminated at any time.
Groupon, Inc. Stock Plans
The Groupon, Inc. Stock Plans (the "Plans") are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board (the "Compensation Committee"). As of September 30, 2021, 2,852,119 shares of common stock were available for future issuance under the Plans.
The stock-based compensation expense related to stock awards issued under the Plans are presented within the following line items of the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Cost of revenue $ 137  $ 156  $ 498  $ 496 
Marketing 173  377  486  1,218 
Selling, general and administrative 7,894  7,846  24,137  29,223 
Restructuring and related charges —  311  —  1,735 
Total stock-based compensation expense $ 8,204  $ 8,690  $ 25,121  $ 32,672 
We capitalized $0.9 million and $1.1 million of stock-based compensation for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and $2.9 million and $3.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 in connection with internally-developed software and cloud computing arrangements.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Groupon, Inc. 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended, ("ESPP") authorizes us to grant up to 1,000,000 shares of common stock under that plan as of September 30, 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, 49,399 and 69,371 shares of common stock were issued under the ESPP.
19

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Restricted Stock Units
The restricted stock units granted under the Plans generally have vesting periods between one and four years and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their requisite service period.
The table below summarizes restricted stock unit activity under the Plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:
Restricted Stock Units Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (per unit)
Unvested at December 31, 2020 1,853,007  $ 31.91 
Granted 936,875  42.97 
Vested (1,002,467) 29.34 
Forfeited (286,316) 37.54 
Unvested at September 30, 2021 1,501,099  $ 39.28 
As of September 30, 2021, $41.9 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested restricted stock units are expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 0.98 years.
Performance Share Units
We grant performance share units under the Plans that vest in shares of our common stock upon the achievement of financial and operational targets specified in the respective award agreement ("Performance Share Units"). During the year ended December 31, 2019, we also granted performance share units subject to a market condition ("Market-based Performance Share Units").
Our Performance Share Units and Market-based Performance Share Units are subject to continued employment through the performance period dictated by the award and certification by the Compensation Committee that the specified performance conditions have been achieved.
The table below summarizes Performance Share Unit activity under the Plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:
Performance Share Units Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (per unit) Market-based Performance Share Units Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (per unit)
Unvested at December 31, 2020 124,709  $ 29.73  57,668  $ 60.60 
Granted (1)
41,729  15.44  —  — 
Vested (86,710) 24.36  —  — 
Forfeited (768) 69.00  —  — 
Unvested at September 30, 2021 78,960  27.70  57,668  60.60 
Maximum shares issuable upon vesting at September 30, 2021
78,960  57,668 
(1)Performance Share Units granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 relate to the issuance of incremental shares upon the Compensation Committee's certification of the achievement of the 2020 performance metrics.
As of September 30, 2021, $0.6 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested Performance Share Units are expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 1.05 years. We have recognized all compensation costs related to our unvested Market-Based Performance Share Units.
20

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
8. REVENUE RECOGNITION
Refer to Note 13, Segment Information, for revenue summarized by reportable segment and category for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
Contract Balances
Our deferred revenue relates to product sales and gift card revenue. Revenue for product sales is recognized as the products are delivered to customers, generally within two weeks following the balance sheet date, while revenue for gift cards is recognized upon customer redemption. Our deferred revenue was $3.9 million as of September 30, 2021. As of December 31, 2020, our deferred revenue was $11.2 million, which was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Customer Credits
We issue credits to customers that can be applied to future purchases through our online marketplaces. Credits are primarily issued as consideration for refunds. To a lesser extent, credits are issued for customer relationship purposes. The following table summarizes the activity in the liability for customer credits for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands):
Customer Credits
Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ 61,006 
Credits issued 173,476 
Credits redeemed (1)
(134,147)
Breakage revenue recognized (21,084)
Foreign currency translation (1,034)
Balance as of September 30, 2021 $ 78,217 
(1)Customer credits can be redeemed through our online marketplaces for goods or services provided by a third-party merchant or for merchandise inventory sold by us. When customer credits are redeemed for goods or services provided by a third-party merchant, service revenue is recognized on a net basis as the difference between the carrying amount of the customer credit liability derecognized and the amount due to the merchant for the related transaction. When customer credits are redeemed for merchandise inventory sold by us, product revenue is recognized on a gross basis equal to the amount of the customer credit liability derecognized. Historically, customer credits have primarily been used within one year of issuance; however, usage patterns have been impacted from changes in customer behavior due to COVID-19.
Costs of Obtaining Contracts
Incremental costs to obtain contracts with third-party merchants, such as sales commissions, are deferred and recognized over the expected period of the merchant arrangement, generally from 12 to 18 months. Deferred contract acquisition costs are presented in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, deferred contract acquisition costs were $7.9 million and $6.3 million.
The amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs is classified within Selling, general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. We amortized $2.6 million and $3.6 million of deferred contract acquisition costs during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and $7.8 million and $12.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. We did not recognize any impairments in relation to the deferred contract acquisition costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
21

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Allowance for Expected Credit Losses on Accounts Receivable
We establish an allowance for expected credit losses on accounts receivables based on identifying the following customer risk characteristics: size, type of customer, and payment terms offered in the normal course of business. Receivables with similar risk characteristics are grouped into pools. For each pool, we consider the historical credit loss experience, current economic conditions, bankruptcy filings, published or estimated credit default rates, age of the receivable and any recoveries in assessing the lifetime expected credit losses.
The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for expected credit losses on accounts receivable for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands):
Allowance for Expected Credit Losses
Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ 9,756 
Change in provision 517 
Write-offs (1,431)
Foreign currency translation 44 
Balance as of September 30, 2021 $ 8,886 
Variable Consideration for Unredeemed Vouchers
For merchant agreements with redemption payment terms, the merchant is not paid its share of the sale price for a voucher sold through one of our online marketplaces until the customer redeems the related voucher. If the customer does not redeem a voucher with such merchant payment terms, we retain all of the gross billings for that voucher, rather than retaining only our net commission. We estimate the variable consideration from vouchers that will not ultimately be redeemed using our historical voucher redemption experience and recognize that amount as revenue at the time of sale. We apply a constraint to ensure it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur in future periods. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recognized $19.1 million and $31.8 million of variable consideration from unredeemed vouchers that were sold in a prior period. We are observing redemption rates lower than our historical estimates for vouchers sold at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic that are now reaching their expiration. When actual redemptions differ from our estimates, the effects could be material to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
9. RESTRUCTURING AND RELATED CHARGES
In April 2020, the Board approved a multi-phase restructuring plan of up to $105.0 million of total pretax charges related to our previously announced strategic shift and as part of the cost cutting measures implemented in response to the impact of COVID-19 on our business. We expect to incur total pretax charges of up to $105.0 million through the end of 2021 and have incurred cumulative Restructuring and related charges of $99.0 million since the inception of the restructuring plan. Our restructuring plan includes workforce reductions of approximately 1,600 positions globally, the exit or discontinuation of the use of certain leases and other assets, impairments of our right-of-use and other long-lived assets, and the exit of our operations in Japan and New Zealand. In the first quarter 2021, we substantially liquidated our subsidiary in Japan and reclassified $32.3 million of cumulative foreign currency translation gains into earnings, which is presented in Other income (expense), net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
The majority of our restructuring charges are expected to be paid in cash and primarily relate to employee severance and benefits expenses, facilities-related costs and professional advisory fees. We will continue to evaluate our cost structure, including additional workforce reductions, as part of our restructuring plan. Costs incurred related to the restructuring plan are classified as Restructuring and related charges on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
22

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following tables summarize costs incurred by segment related to the restructuring plans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Employee Severance and Benefit Costs (Credits) Legal and Advisory Costs Property, Equipment and Software Impairments Right-of-Use Assets Impairments and Lease-related Charges (Credits) Total Restructuring Charges (Credits)
North America $ 26  $ 251  $ 602  $ 5,610  $ 6,489 
International 2,600  571  268  2,555  5,994 
Consolidated $ 2,626  $ 822  $ 870  $ 8,165  $ 12,483 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Employee Severance and Benefit Costs (Credits) Legal and Advisory Costs Property, Equipment and Software Impairments Right-of-Use Assets Impairments and Lease-related Charges (Credits) Total Restructuring Charges (Credits)
North America $ 458  $ 1,482  $ 602  $ 6,974  $ 9,516 
International 21,665  599  268  2,102  24,634 
Consolidated $ 22,123  $ 2,081  $ 870  $ 9,076  $ 34,150 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Employee Severance and Benefit Costs (Credits) Legal and Advisory Costs Property, Equipment and Software Impairments Right-of-Use Assets Impairments and Lease-related Charges (Credits) Total Restructuring Charges (Credits)
North America $ 1,489  $ 435  $ 70  $ 736  $ 2,730 
International 14,400  18  195  3,216  17,829 
Consolidated $ 15,889  $ 453  $ 265  $ 3,952  $ 20,559 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Employee Severance and Benefit Costs (Credits) Legal and Advisory Costs Property, Equipment and Software Impairments Right-of-Use Assets Impairments and Lease-related Charges (Credits) Total Restructuring Charges (Credits)
North America $ 17,548  $ 443  $ 4,790  $ 10,047  $ 32,828 
International 23,041  759  227  4,182  28,209 
Consolidated $ 40,589  $ 1,202  $ 5,017  $ 14,229  $ 61,037 
As a part of our restructuring plan, we terminated or modified several of our leases. In other cases we vacated our leased facilities, and some of those facilities are being actively marketed for sublease or we are in negotiations with the landlord to potentially terminate or modify those leases. We recognized $7.7 million in impairment related to those leases during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and $3.3 million and $17.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. See Note 2, Goodwill and Long-Lived Assets, for additional information. Rent expense, including amortization of the right-of-use asset and accretion of the operating lease liability, sublease income, termination and modification gains and losses, and other variable lease costs related to the leased facilities vacated as part of our restructuring plan are presented within Restructuring and related charges in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The current and non-current liabilities associated with these leases continue to be presented within Other current liabilities and Operating lease obligations in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
23

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following table summarizes restructuring liability activity for each period (in thousands):
Employee Severance and Benefit Costs Legal and Advisory Costs Total
Balance as of December 31, 2019 (1)
$ 699  $ —  $ 699 
Charges payable in cash (2)
36,266  2,137  38,403 
Cash payments (25,328) (1,289) (26,617)
Foreign currency translation 1,660  (14) 1,646 
Balance as of December 31, 2020
13,297  834  14,131 
Charges payable in cash 22,123  2,081  24,204 
Cash payments (24,670) (2,588) (27,258)
Foreign currency translation (768) 77  (691)
Balance as of September 30, 2021 (3)
$ 9,982  $ 404  $ 10,386 
(1)Amounts included in the year ended December 31, 2019 are related to prior restructuring plans and the liabilities under those plans have been substantially settled.
(2)Excludes stock-based compensation of $1.7 million related to accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation awards for certain employees terminated as a result of our restructuring activities.
(3)Includes employee severance and benefit costs related to the termination of employees. Substantially all of the remaining cash payments for those costs are expected to be disbursed through 2022.
10. INCOME TAXES
Our income tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items.
Provision (benefit) for income taxes and income (loss) from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Provision (benefit) for income taxes $ 135  $ (486) $ 773  $ (7,170)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes 78,836  (17,047) 90,793  (307,703)
Our U.S. Federal income tax rate is 21%. The primary factors impacting the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were the benefit of non-taxable items (including the unrealized gain on the observable price change recorded in an other equity investment during the three months ended September 30, 2021), the U.S. research and development tax credit, and reversals of reserves for uncertain tax positions due to the closing of applicable statutes of limitations. The three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were also impacted by the pretax losses incurred in jurisdictions that have valuation allowances against their net deferred tax assets. The nine months ended September 30, 2020 were also impacted by the reversals of reserves for uncertain tax positions due to the closure of tax audits and by the carryback of federal net operating losses due to the income tax relief provided by the CARES Act. We expect that our consolidated effective tax rate in future periods will continue to differ significantly from the U.S. federal income tax rate as a result of our tax obligations in jurisdictions with profits and valuation allowances in jurisdictions with losses.
We are currently undergoing income tax audits in multiple jurisdictions. It is likely that the examination phase of some of those audits will conclude in the next 12 months. There are many factors, including factors outside of our control, which influence the progress and completion of those audits. We are subject to claims for tax assessments by foreign jurisdictions, including a proposed assessment for $121.2 million, inclusive of estimated incremental interest from the original assessment. We believe that the assessment, which primarily relates to transfer pricing on transactions occurring in 2011, is without merit and we intend to vigorously defend ourselves in that matter. In addition to any potential increases in our liabilities for uncertain tax positions from the ultimate resolution of that assessment, we believe that it is reasonably possible that reductions of up to $3.2
million in unrecognized tax benefits may occur within the 12 months following September 30, 2021, upon closing of income tax audits or the expiration of applicable statutes of limitations.
In general, it is our practice and intention to reinvest the earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries in those operations. Additionally, while we did not incur the deemed repatriation tax, an actual repatriation from our non-U.S. subsidiaries could be subject to foreign and U.S. state income taxes. Aside from limited exceptions for which the related deferred tax liabilities recognized as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are immaterial, we do not intend to distribute earnings of foreign subsidiaries for which we have an excess of the financial reporting basis over the tax basis of our investments and therefore have not recorded any deferred taxes related to such amounts. The actual tax cost resulting from a distribution would depend on income tax laws and circumstances at the time of distribution. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability related to the excess of the financial reporting basis over the tax basis of our foreign subsidiaries is not practical due to the complexities associated with the calculation.
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had a valuation allowance recorded against our U.S. deferred tax assets. Given our U.S. current earnings and projected future earnings, we believe that there is a reasonable possibility that within the next three months, sufficient positive evidence may be available to support the conclusion that a valuation allowance will no longer be required. Release of the valuation allowance would result in a decrease to income tax expense in the period the release is recorded. However, the timing and amount of the valuation allowance release could vary based on the level of profitability that we are able to achieve.
11. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is defined under U.S. GAAP as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability.
In determining fair value, we use various valuation approaches within the fair value measurement framework. The valuation methodologies used for our assets and liabilities measured at fair value and their classification in the valuation hierarchy are summarized below:
Fair value option investments and available-for-sale securities. We have fair value option investments and available-for-sale securities that we measure using the income approach. We have classified these investments as Level 3 due to the lack of observable market data over fair value inputs such as cash flow projections and discount rates.
Contingent consideration. During the first quarter 2021, we settled a contingent consideration arrangement to the former owners of a business acquired in 2018. We use the income approach to value contingent consideration obligations based on future financial performance. We have previously classified our contingent consideration as Level 3 due to the lack of relevant observable market data over fair value inputs such as probability-weighting of payment outcomes.
24

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following table provides a roll forward of the fair value of recurring Level 3 fair value measurements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Assets
Fair value option investments:
Beginning balance $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,405 
Total gains (losses) included in earnings —  —  —  (1,405)
Ending balance $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Unrealized gains (losses) still held (1)
$ —  $ —  $ —  $ (1,405)
Liabilities
Contingent consideration:
Beginning balance $ —  $ 278  $ 326  $ 1,298 
Settlements of contingent consideration liabilities —  —  (393) (908)
Total losses (gains) included in earnings —  —  —  6 
Foreign currency translation —  13  67  (105)
Ending balance $ —  $ 291  $ —  $ 291 
Unrealized gains (losses) still held (1)
$ —  $ —  $ —  $ 6 
(1)Represents the unrealized gains or losses recorded in earnings and/or other comprehensive income (loss) during the period for assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 that are still held (or outstanding) at the end of the period.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including assets that are written down to fair value as a result of an impairment or increased due to an observable price change in an orderly transaction.
We adjusted the carrying value of an other equity investment in a mobile payments company due to an observable price change in an orderly transaction that occurred during the third quarter of 2021, which resulted in an unrealized gain of $89.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. During the third quarter 2021, we sold 100% of our shares in an other equity investment for total cash consideration of $2.6 million and recognized a gain of $2.2 million. In the second quarter 2021, we divested our shares in an other equity investment and recognized a gain and total cash consideration of $4.2 million. In addition, we recognized $6.7 million in impairment charges related to an other equity method investment during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. See Note 3, Investments, for additional information.
We recognized $7.7 million in non-cash impairment charges related to right-of-use assets - operating leases and leasehold improvements during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, which is included in Restructuring and related charges on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. We recognized $109.5 million in non-cash impairment charges related to goodwill during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. We also recognized $3.3 million and $39.6 million in non-cash impairment charges related to long-lived assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, of which $3.3 million and $17.2 million is included in Restructuring and related charges on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. See Note 2, Goodwill and Long-Lived Assets and Note 9, Restructuring and Related Charges, for additional information.
We did not record any other significant nonrecurring fair value measurements after initial recognition for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
Estimated Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value
Our financial instruments not carried at fair value consist primarily of accounts receivable, restricted cash, short-term borrowings, accounts payable, accrued merchant and supplier payables and accrued expenses. The
25

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
carrying values of those assets and liabilities approximate their respective fair values as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 due to their short-term nature.
12. INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
Basic net income (loss) per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares and the effect of potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities include stock options, restricted stock units, performance share units, ESPP shares, warrants and convertible senior notes. If dilutive, those potentially dilutive securities are reflected in diluted net income (loss) per share using the treasury stock method, except for the convertible senior notes, which are subject to the if-converted method.
26

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands, except share amounts and per share amounts):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:
Numerator
Income (loss) - continuing operations $ 78,701  $ (16,561) $ 90,020  $ (300,533)
Less: Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 594  (291) 737  1,758 
Basic net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders - continuing operations 78,107  (16,270) 89,283  (302,291)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders - discontinued operations —  —  —  382 
Basic net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders $ 78,107  $ (16,270) $ 89,283  $ (301,909)
Diluted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders - continuing operations 78,107  (16,270) 89,283  (302,291)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders - discontinued operations —  —  —  382 
Diluted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders 78,107  (16,270) 89,283  (301,909)
Plus: Interest expense from assumed conversion of convertible senior notes 700  —  1,392  — 
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders plus assumed conversions $ 78,807  $ (16,270) $ 90,675  $ (301,909)
Denominator
Shares used in computation of basic net income (loss) per share 29,567,802  28,751,520  29,282,932  28,535,393 
Weighted-average effect of diluted securities
Restricted stock units
351,720  —  712,866  — 
Performance share units and other stock-based compensation awards
68,616  —  89,981  — 
Convertible senior notes due 2026 3,376,400  —  2,308,112  — 
Shares used in computation of diluted net income (loss) per share 33,364,538  28,751,520  32,393,891  28,535,393 
Basic net income (loss) per share:
Continuing operations $ 2.64  $ (0.57) $ 3.05  $ (10.59)
Discontinued operations —  —  —  0.01 
Basic net income (loss) per share $ 2.64  $ (0.57) $ 3.05  $ (10.58)
Diluted net income (loss) per share:
Continuing operations $ 2.36  $ (0.57) $ 2.80  $ (10.59)
Discontinued operations —  —  —  0.01 
Diluted net income (loss) per share $ 2.36  $ (0.57) $ 2.80  $ (10.58)
27

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following weighted-average potentially dilutive instruments are not included in the diluted net income (loss) per share calculations above because they would have had an antidilutive effect on the net income (loss) per share from continuing operations:
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Restricted stock units 854,304  1,907,396  410,856  1,879,752 
Performance share units and other stock-based compensation awards —  151,110  —  199,849 
Convertible senior notes due 2022 (1)
—  2,314,815  1,144,689  2,314,815 
Warrants —  2,314,815  1,170,126  2,314,815 
Capped call transactions 3,376,400  —  2,308,112  — 
Total 4,230,704  6,688,136  5,033,783  6,709,231 
(1)We apply the if-converted method in computing the effect of our convertible senior notes on diluted net income (loss) per share, whereby the numerator of our diluted net income (loss) per share computations is adjusted for interest expense, net of tax, and the denominator is adjusted for the number shares into which the convertible senior notes could be converted. The effect is only included in the calculation of income (loss) per share for those instruments for which it would reduce income (loss) per share. See Note 5, Financing Arrangements, for additional information.
We had outstanding Market-based Performance Share Units as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 that were eligible to vest into shares of common stock subject to the achievement of specified performance or market conditions. Contingently issuable shares are excluded from the computation of diluted income (loss) per share if, based on current period results, the shares would not be issuable if the end of the reporting period were the end of the contingency period. As of September 30, 2021, there were up to 57,668 shares of common stock issuable upon vesting of outstanding Market-based Performance Share Units that were excluded from the table above as the performance or market conditions were not satisfied as of the end of the period.
28

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
13. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The segment information reported in the tables below reflects the operating results that are regularly reviewed by our chief operating decision maker to assess performance and make resource allocation decisions. Our operations are organized into two segments: North America and International. Our measure of segment profitability is contribution profit, defined as gross profit less marketing expense, which is consistent with how management reviews the operating results of the segments. Contribution profit measures the amount of marketing investment needed to generate gross profit. Other operating expenses are excluded from contribution profit as management does not review those expenses by segment.
The following table summarizes revenue by reportable segment and category for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
North America
Service revenue:
Local $ 129,131  $ 98,561  $ 394,358  $ 322,945 
Goods 9,189  8,787  37,266  18,401 
Travel 4,791  4,748  18,893  13,722 
Total service revenue 143,111  112,096  450,517  355,068 
Product revenue - Goods —  68,215  626  293,729 
Total North America revenue (1)
143,111  180,311  451,143  648,797 
International
Service revenue:
Local 46,071  36,528  109,589  103,221 
Goods 5,879  3,309  9,429  8,821 
Travel 3,915  3,140  8,226  7,368 
Total service revenue 55,865  42,977  127,244  119,410 
Product revenue - Goods 15,195  80,731  165,559  305,608 
Total International revenue (1)
$ 71,060  $ 123,708  $ 292,803  $ 425,018 
(1)North America includes revenue from the United States of $140.2 million and $177.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and $444.2 million and $640.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. International includes revenue from the United Kingdom of $21.4 million and $42.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and $100.4 million and $151.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. There were no other individual countries that represented more than 10% of consolidated total revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. Revenue is attributed to individual countries based on the location of the customer.
29

GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following table summarizes gross profit by reportable segment and category for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
North America
Service gross profit:
Local $ 115,184  $ 87,507  $ 352,431  $ 283,004 
Goods 7,864  7,440  31,689  14,851 
Travel 3,762  3,874  15,092  9,726 
Total service gross profit 126,810  98,821  399,212  307,581 
Product gross profit - Goods —  10,896  168  47,599 
Total North America gross profit 126,810  109,717  399,380  355,180 
International
Service gross profit:
Local 43,876  33,687  103,495  93,054 
Goods 5,587  2,849  8,892  7,422 
Travel 3,576  2,711  7,443  6,259 
Total service gross profit 53,039  39,247  119,830  106,735 
Product gross profit - Goods 1,590  11,058  23,155  36,580 
Total International gross profit $ 54,629  $ 50,305  $ 142,985  $ 143,315 
The following table summarizes contribution profit by reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
North America
Gross profit $ 126,810  $ 109,717  $ 399,380  $ 355,180 
Marketing 38,302  19,718  94,247  73,203 
Contribution profit 88,508  89,999  305,133  281,977 
International
Gross profit 54,629  50,305  142,985  143,315 
Marketing 14,857  11,668  36,298  43,555 
Contribution profit 39,772  38,637  106,687  99,760 
Consolidated
Gross profit 181,439  160,022  542,365  498,495 
Marketing 53,159  31,386  130,545  116,758 
Contribution profit 128,280  128,636  411,820  381,737 
Selling, general and administrative 119,494  124,257  384,606  475,017 
Goodwill impairment —  —  —  109,486 
Long-lived asset impairment —  —  —  22,351 
Restructuring and related charges 12,483  20,559  34,150  61,037 
Income (loss) from operations $ (3,697) $ (16,180) $ (6,936) $ (286,154)
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GROUPON, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following table summarizes total assets by reportable segment as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Total assets:
North America (1)
$ 801,090  $ 971,110 
International (1)
286,781  440,397 
Consolidated total assets $ 1,087,871  $ 1,411,507 
(1)North America contains assets from the United States of $788.3 million and $948.1 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. International contained assets from Luxembourg of $126.6 million as of September 30, 2021 and from Switzerland of $151.7 million as of December 31, 2020. There were no other individual countries that represented more than 10% of consolidated total assets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements about our business and operations. Our actual results may differ materially from those we currently anticipate as a result of many factors, including those we describe under Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors, and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. See Part I, Forward-Looking Statements, for additional information.
Overview
Groupon is a global scaled two-sided marketplace that connects consumers to merchants. Consumers access our marketplace through our mobile applications and our websites, primarily localized groupon.com sites in many countries. We operate in two segments, North America and International, and operate in three categories, Local, Goods and Travel. See Item 1, Note 13, Segment Information, for additional information.
Currently, we generate product and service revenue from the following business operations.
Service Revenue from Local, Travel, and Goods Categories: Service revenue primarily represents the net commissions earned from selling goods or services on behalf of third-party merchants. Service revenue is reported on a net basis as the purchase price collected from the customer less the portion of the purchase price that is payable to the third-party merchant. We also earn commissions when customers make purchases with retailers using digital coupons listed on our localized groupon.com sites.
Product Revenue from Goods Category: We generate product revenue from sales of our first-party Goods merchandise inventory. For product revenue transactions, we are the primary party responsible for providing the merchandise to the customer, we have inventory risk and we have discretion in establishing prices. As such, product revenue is reported on a gross basis as the purchase price received from the customer. Product revenue, including associated shipping revenue, is recognized when the merchandise is delivered to the customer. We transitioned to a third-party marketplace in North America in 2020, and we began to transition to a third-party marketplace in International in the second quarter 2021. In a third-party marketplace model, our merchants generally assume inventory and refund risk, therefore, following the transition, we expect our Goods category to primarily generate revenue on a net basis within service revenue.
Strategy
Our mission is to be the destination for experiences where consumers discover fun things to do and local businesses thrive. Our strategic priorities are to expand our Local inventory and modernize our marketplace by improving the merchant and customer experiences.
To grow Local supply, we are focused on leveraging three types of inventory: Deals with fewer restrictions, a new lower discount inventory product called Offers, and Market Rate supply. We began scaling elements of our inventory strategy throughout our marketplace in 2021. In North America, we are scaling the removal of Deal repeat purchase restrictions to all merchants and we have launched Offers to Beauty & Wellness merchants.
To support our strategic priority of improving the merchant and customer experience, we are executing on initiatives to reduce friction and make it easier for our customers to find, buy, and redeem a Groupon. In the third quarter 2021, we completed the roll out of our new customer experience to 100% of North America users, which we believe will drive engagement, conversion, and customer purchase frequency over time. On the merchant side, we are continuing to focus on being a better partner to our merchants by offering self-service, advertising products and booking capabilities.
COVID-19, Restructuring and Cost Reduction
Since March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant decrease in consumer demand and active customers, a decrease in customer redemptions, and elevated refund levels due to changes in consumer behavior and protective measures taken to control the spread of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, which included impairments of our goodwill and long-lived assets.
Recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic could be volatile and prolonged given the unprecedented and continuously evolving nature of the situation and the emergence and spread of new variants. The future impact of COVID-19 on our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity is highly uncertain and will ultimately depend on future developments, including the magnitude and duration of the pandemic, the protective measures taken to reduce its spread, and the vaccine supply and demand. We will continue to monitor the impact of COVID-19 on our business, particularly in our International segment where restrictions to date have been more prolonged and stricter than in North America.
In April 2020, the Board approved a multi-phase restructuring plan related to our previously-announced strategic shift and as part of the cost cutting measures implemented in response to the impact of COVID-19 on our business. We expect to incur total pretax charges of up to $105.0 million in connection with our restructuring plan through the end of 2021. We have incurred cumulative Restructuring and related charges of $99.0 million since the inception of the restructuring plan in April 2020. Once fully implemented, we expect to realize $225.0 million in run-rate cost savings from these restructuring actions. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded $12.5 million and $34.2 million in pretax charges in connection with our restructuring actions. See Item 1, Note 9, Restructuring and Related Charges, for additional information.
In March 2021, we entered into the Amended Credit Agreement to extend covenant relief through the fourth quarter 2021 and we voluntarily elected to early terminate this covenant relief as of the third quarter 2021. See Item 1, Note 5, Financing Arrangements, for additional information. We plan to continue to actively manage and optimize our cash balances and liquidity, working capital and operating expenses, although there can be no assurances that we will be able to do so.
How We Measure Our Business
We use several operating and financial metrics to assess the progress of our business and make decisions on where to allocate capital, time and technology investments. Certain of the financial metrics are reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP and certain of those metrics are considered non-GAAP financial measures. As our business evolves, we may make changes to the key financial and operating metrics that we use to measure our business. For further information and reconciliations to the most applicable financial measures under U.S. GAAP, refer to our discussion under Non-GAAP Financial Measures in the Results of Operations section.
Operating Metrics
•Gross billings is the total dollar value of customer purchases of goods and services. Gross billings is presented net of customer refunds, order discounts and sales and related taxes. The substantial majority of our service revenue transactions are comprised of sales of vouchers and similar transactions in which we collect the transaction price from the customer and remit a portion of the transaction price to the third-party merchant who will provide the related goods or services. For these transactions, gross billings differs from revenue reported in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, which is presented net of the merchant's share of the transaction price. For product revenue transactions, gross billings is equivalent to product revenue reported in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Gross billings is an indicator of our growth and business performance as it measures the dollar volume of transactions generated through our marketplaces. Tracking gross billings on service revenue transactions also allows us to monitor the percentage of gross billings that we are able to retain after payments to merchants. However, we are focused on achieving long-term gross profit and Adjusted EBITDA growth.
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•Units are the number of purchases during the reporting period, before refunds and cancellations, made either through one of our online marketplaces, a third-party marketplace, or directly with a merchant for which we earn a commission. We do not include purchases with retailers using digital coupons accessed through our websites or mobile applications in our units metric. We consider units to be an important indicator of the total volume of business conducted through our marketplaces. We report units on a gross basis prior to the consideration of customer refunds and therefore units are not always a good proxy for gross billings.
•Active customers are unique user accounts that have made a purchase during the trailing twelve months ("TTM") either through one of our online marketplaces or directly with a merchant for which we earned a commission. We consider this metric to be an important indicator of our business performance as it helps us to understand how the number of customers actively purchasing our offerings is trending. Some customers could establish and make purchases from more than one account, so it is possible that our active customer metric may count certain customers more than once in a given period. We do not include consumers who solely make purchases with retailers using digital coupons accessed through our websites or mobile applications in our active customer metric, nor do we include consumers who solely make purchases of our inventory through third-party marketplaces with which we partner.
Our gross billings and units for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Gross billings $ 552,990  $ 597,123  $ 1,714,551  $ 1,986,245 
Units 15,746  21,410  50,227  74,208 
Our active customers for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):
Trailing Twelve Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020
TTM Active Customers (in thousands) 24,006  34,154 
Financial Metrics
•Revenue is currently earned through product and service revenue transactions. We earn service revenue from transactions in which we generate commissions by selling goods or services on behalf of third-party merchants. Service revenue from those transactions is reported on a net basis as the purchase price collected from the customer for the offering less an agreed upon portion of the purchase price paid to the third-party merchant. Service revenue also includes commissions we earn when customers make purchases with retailers using digital coupons accessed through our digital properties. We generate product revenue from our sales of first-party Goods inventory. Our product revenue from these first-party transactions, which are direct sales of merchandise inventory, is the purchase price received from the customer. We transitioned to a third-party marketplace in North America in 2020, and we began to transition to a third-party marketplace in International in the second quarter 2021 and expect this transition to be complete at the end of 2021. Following the transition, we expect our Goods category to primarily generate revenue on a net basis within service revenue.
•Gross profit reflects the net margin we earn after deducting our cost of revenue from our revenue. Due to the lack of comparability between product revenue, which is reported on a gross basis, and service revenue, which primarily consists of transactions reported on a net basis, we believe that gross profit is an important measure for evaluating our performance.
•Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that we define as net income (loss) from continuing operations excluding income taxes, interest and other non-operating items, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, acquisition-related expense (benefit), net and other special charges and credits, including items that are unusual in nature or infrequently occurring. For further information and a reconciliation to net income (loss) from continuing operations, refer to our discussion under Non-GAAP Financial Measures in the Results of Operations section.
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•Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure that comprises net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations less purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software. For further information and a reconciliation to Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations, refer to our discussion in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section.
The following table presents the above financial metrics for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Revenue $ 214,171  $ 304,019  $ 743,946  $ 1,073,815 
Gross profit 181,439  160,022  542,365  498,495 
Adjusted EBITDA 34,607  30,781  105,942  9,655 
Free cash flow (87,581) (6,953) (192,811) (181,166)
Operating Expenses
•Marketing expense consists primarily of online marketing costs, such as search engine marketing, advertising on social networking sites and affiliate programs, and offline marketing costs, such as television and radio advertising. Additionally, compensation expense for marketing employees is classified within marketing expense. We record these costs within Marketing on the condensed consolidated statements of operations when incurred. From time to time, we have offerings from well-known national merchants for customer acquisition and activation purposes, for which the amount we owe the merchant for each voucher sold exceeds the transaction price paid by the customer. Our gross billings from those transactions generate no service revenue and our net cost (i.e., the excess of the amount owed to the merchant over the amount paid by the customer) is classified as marketing expense. We evaluate marketing expense as a percentage of gross profit because it gives us an indication of how well our marketing spend is driving gross profit performance.
•Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses include selling expenses such as sales commissions and other compensation expenses for sales representatives, as well as costs associated with supporting the sales function such as technology, telecommunications and travel. General and administrative expenses include compensation expense for employees involved in customer service, operations, technology and product development, as well as general corporate functions, such as finance, legal and human resources. Additional costs in general and administrative include depreciation and amortization, rent, professional fees, litigation costs, travel and entertainment, recruiting, office supplies, maintenance, certain technology costs and other general corporate costs. We evaluate SG&A expense as a percentage of gross profit because it gives us an indication of our operating efficiency.
•Restructuring and related charges represent severance and benefit costs for workforce reductions, impairments and other facilities-related costs and professional advisory fees. See Item 1, Note 9, Restructuring and Related Charges, for additional information about our restructuring plan.
Factors Affecting Our Performance
Impact of COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, protective measures taken to control the spread of COVID-19 and changes in consumer behavior have had a negative impact on our business, which relies on customers' purchases of local experiences, including events and activities, beauty and wellness, travel and dining. Recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic could be volatile and prolonged given the unprecedented and continuously-evolving nature of the situation and the emergence and spread of variants. We also have been, and may continue to be, impacted by pandemic-related supply chain issues, staffing shortages, excess demand and other transient issues that affect our merchants and continue to evolve during the pandemic recovery period.
We will continue to monitor the impact of COVID-19 on our business, particularly in our International segment where restrictions to date have been more prolonged and stricter than in North America.
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Attracting and retaining local merchants. As we focus on our local experiences marketplace, we depend on our ability to attract and retain merchants who are willing to offer their experiences on our platform. Merchants can generally withdraw their offerings from our marketplace at any time, and their willingness to continue offering services through our marketplace depends on the effectiveness of our marketing and promotional services. We are focused on prioritizing opportunities to help drive demand for our merchants by highlighting offers that customers want and that they can enjoy right now in light of any ongoing COVID-related restrictions. As we navigate through the volatility of the COVID-19 recovery period, we intend to take a market-by-market approach to attracting and retaining local merchants.
Driving purchase frequency and re-engaging and retaining customers. As the global economy continues to recover from the pandemic, we are surfacing relevant inventory in order to drive purchase frequency and retain customers. We also continue to focus on expanding inventory through our three inventory products - Deals with fewer restrictions, Offers, and Market Rate. On the customer experience side, we continue to improve our websites and mobile applications; launch innovative products that remove friction from the customer journey and drive awareness to our supply; and grow our high-quality, repeatable inventory.
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Results of Operations
North America
Operating Metrics
North America segment gross billings and units for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 % Change 2021 2020 % Change
Gross billings
Service gross billings:
Local $ 318,825  $ 230,422  38.4  % $ 937,313  $ 790,486  18.6  %
Goods 43,096  40,299  6.9  168,881  88,713  90.4 
Travel 23,519  23,373  0.6  94,211  68,557  37.4 
Total service gross billings 385,440  294,094  31.1  1,200,405  947,756  26.7 
Product gross billings - Goods —  68,215  (100.0) 626  293,729  (99.8)
Total gross billings $ 385,440  $ 362,309  6.4  $ 1,201,031  $ 1,241,485  (3.3)
Units
Local 8,196  8,148  0.6  % 25,335  28,151  (10.0) %
Goods 1,849  4,428  (58.2) 7,260  15,166  (52.1)
Travel 128  151  (15.2) 512  542  (5.5)
Total units 10,173  12,727  (20.1) 33,107  43,859  (24.5)
North America TTM active customers for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):
Trailing Twelve Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 % Change
TTM Active customers 14,976  20,246  (26.0) %
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
North America gross billings increased by $23.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Units and TTM active customers declined by 2.6 million and 5.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period. The increase in gross billings is primarily due to an increase in consumer demand for higher-priced offerings and lower customer refunds in the Local category. This was partially offset by a decrease in demand for our Goods category.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
North America gross billings and units declined by $40.5 million and 10.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period. These declines were primarily due to a decrease in demand in our Goods category, partially offset by an increase in demand for higher-priced Local offerings.
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Financial Metrics
North America segment revenue, cost of revenue and gross profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 % Change 2021 2020 % Change
Revenue
Service revenue
Local $ 129,131  $ 98,561  31.0  % $ 394,358  $ 322,945  22.1  %
Goods 9,189  8,787  4.6  37,266  18,401  102.5 
Travel 4,791  4,748  0.9  18,893  13,722  37.7 
Total service revenue 143,111  112,096  27.7  450,517  355,068  26.9 
Product revenue - Goods —  68,215  (100.0) 626  293,729  (99.8)
Total revenue $ 143,111  $ 180,311  (20.6) $ 451,143  $ 648,797  (30.5)
Cost of revenue
Service cost of revenue
Local $ 13,947  $ 11,054  26.2  % $ 41,927  $ 39,941  5.0  %
Goods 1,325  1,347  (1.6) 5,577  3,550  57.1 
Travel 1,029  874  17.7  3,801  3,996  (4.9)
Total service cost of revenue 16,301  13,275  22.8  51,305  47,487  8.0 
Product cost of revenue - Goods —  57,319  (100.0) 458  246,130  (99.8)
Total cost of revenue $ 16,301  $ 70,594  (76.9) $ 51,763  $ 293,617  (82.4)
Gross profit
Service gross profit
Local $ 115,184  $ 87,507  31.6  % $ 352,431  $ 283,004  24.5  %
Goods 7,864  7,440  5.7  31,689  14,851  113.4 
Travel 3,762  3,874  (2.9) 15,092  9,726  55.2 
Total service gross profit 126,810  98,821  28.3  399,212  307,581  29.8 
Product gross profit - Goods —  10,896  (100.0) 168  47,599  (99.6)
Total gross profit $ 126,810  $ 109,717  15.6  $ 399,380  $ 355,180  12.4 
Service margin (1)
37.1  % 38.1  % 37.5  % 37.5  %
% of Consolidated revenue 66.8  % 59.3  % 60.6  % 60.4  %
% of Consolidated cost of revenue 49.8  49.0  25.7  51.0 
% of Consolidated gross profit 69.9  68.6  73.6  71.3 
(1)     Represents the percentage of service gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share from revenue.
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
North America revenue and cost of revenue decreased by $37.2 million and $54.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period, primarily due to lower Goods gross billings, a shift in mix of consumer purchases to lower-margin offerings, higher promotional activity and the transition of Goods to a third-party marketplace model. In a third-party marketplace model, we generate service revenue which is presented on a net basis. The Goods revenue decline was partially offset by higher Local gross billings and higher variable consideration from unredeemed vouchers.
North America gross profit increased by $17.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period driven by an increase in Local gross billings and higher variable consideration from unredeemed vouchers, partially offset by a decrease in Goods gross billings, a shift in mix of customer purchases to lower-margin offerings and higher promotional activity.
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Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
North America revenue and cost of revenue decreased by $197.7 million and $241.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period, primarily due to lower Goods gross billings, a shift in mix of consumer purchases to lower-margin offerings and the transition of Goods to a third-party marketplace model. In a third-party marketplace model, we generate service revenue which is presented on a net basis. The Goods revenue decline was partially offset by higher Local gross billings and higher variable consideration from unredeemed vouchers.
North America gross profit increased by $44.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period primarily due to higher Local gross billings and higher variable consideration from unredeemed vouchers, partially offset by lower Goods gross billings and a shift in mix to lower-margin offerings.
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Marketing and Contribution Profit
We define contribution profit as gross profit less marketing expense. North America contribution profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 % Change 2021 2020 % Change
Marketing $ 38,302  $ 19,718  94.2  % $ 94,247  $ 73,203  28.7  %
% of Gross profit: 30.2  % 18.0  % 23.6  % 20.6  %
Contribution profit $ 88,508  $ 89,999  (1.7) % $ 305,133  $ 281,977  8.2  %
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
North America marketing expense and marketing expense as a percentage of gross profit increased for the three months ended September 30, 2021 due to the launch of new brand campaigns in 2021 and increased investment in an effort to drive consumer demand.
The decrease in our North America contribution profit for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period was primarily attributable to an increase in marketing expense, partially offset by an increase in gross profit.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
North America marketing expense increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period due to the launch of new brand campaigns and increased investment in an effort to drive consumer demand.
The increase in our North America contribution profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period was primarily due to an increase in gross profit, partially offset by higher marketing expense.
International
Operating Metrics
International segment gross billings and units for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 % Change 2021 2020 % Change
Gross billings
Service gross billings:
Local $ 103,984  $ 113,105  (8.1) % $ 263,535  $ 332,403  (20.7) %
Goods 28,217  15,151  86.2  44,418  45,322  (2.0)
Travel 20,154  25,827  (22.0) 40,008  61,427  (34.9)
Total service gross billings 152,355  154,083  (1.1) 347,961  439,152  (20.8)
Product gross billings - Goods 15,195  80,731  (81.2) 165,559  305,608  (45.8)
Total gross billings $ 167,550  $ 234,814  (28.6) $ 513,520  $ 744,760  (31.0)
Units
Local 3,683  4,171  (11.7) % 8,357  13,217  (36.8) %
Goods 1,770  4,320  (59.0) 8,489  16,627  (48.9)
Travel 120  192  (37.5) 274  505  (45.7)
Total units 5,573  8,683  (35.8) 17,120  30,349  (43.6)
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International TTM active customers for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):
Trailing Twelve Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 % Change
TTM Active customers 9,030  13,908  (35.1) %
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
International gross billings, units and TTM active customers decreased by $67.3 million, 3.1 million and 4.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period. These declines were primarily attributable to a decrease in consumer demand in the Goods category, as well as a decrease in the Local category due to the impact of COVID-19 on our merchants and to consumer behavior. These declines were partially offset by a $3.3 million favorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
International gross billings and units decreased by $231.2 million and 13.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period. These declines were primarily attributable to a decrease in consumer demand in the Goods category, as well as a decrease in the Local category due to the impact of COVID-19 on our merchants and to consumer behavior. These declines were partially offset by a $34.8 million favorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
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Financial Metrics
International segment revenue, cost of revenue and gross profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 % Change 2021 2020 % Change
Revenue
Service revenue:
Local $ 46,071  $ 36,528  26.1  % $ 109,589  $ 103,221  6.2  %
Goods 5,879  3,309  77.7  9,429  8,821  6.9 
Travel 3,915  3,140  24.7  8,226  7,368  11.6 
Total service revenue 55,865  42,977  30.0  127,244  119,410  6.6 
Product revenue - Goods 15,195  80,731  (81.2) 165,559  305,608  (45.8)
Total revenue $ 71,060  $ 123,708  (42.6) $ 292,803  $ 425,018  (31.1)
Cost of revenue
Service cost of revenue:
Local $ 2,195  $ 2,841  (22.7) % $ 6,094  $ 10,167  (40.1) %
Goods 292  460  (36.5) 537  1,399  (61.6)
Travel 339  429  (21.0) 783  1,109  (29.4)
Total service cost of revenue 2,826  3,730  (24.2) 7,414  12,675  (41.5)
Product cost of revenue - Goods 13,605  69,673  (80.5) 142,404  269,028  (47.1)
Total cost of revenue $ 16,431  $ 73,403  (77.6) $ 149,818  $ 281,703  (46.8)
Gross profit
Service gross profit:
Local $ 43,876  $ 33,687  30.2  % $ 103,495  $ 93,054  11.2  %
Goods 5,587  2,849  96.1  8,892  7,422  19.8 
Travel 3,576  2,711  31.9  7,443  6,259  18.9 
Total service gross profit 53,039  39,247  35.1  119,830  106,735  12.3 
Product gross profit - Goods 1,590  11,058  (85.6) 23,155  36,580  (36.7)
Total gross profit $ 54,629  $ 50,305  8.6  $ 142,985  $ 143,315  (0.2)
Service margin (1)
36.7  % 27.9  % 36.6  % 27.2  %
% of Consolidated revenue 33.2  % 40.7  % 39.4  % 39.6  %
% of Consolidated cost of revenue 50.2  51.0  74.3  49.0 
% of Consolidated gross profit 30.1  31.4  26.4  28.7 
(1)     Represents the percentage of service gross billings that we retained after deducting the merchant's share from revenue.
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020
International revenue and cost of revenue decreased by $52.6 million and $57.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period primarily due to lower Local and Goods gross billings and the transition of Goods to a third-party marketplace model. In a third-party marketplace model, we generate service revenue which is presented on a net basis. The decline in revenue was partially offset by an increase in variable consideration from unredeemed vouchers.
International gross profit increased by $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period primarily driven by increases in variable consideration from unredeemed vouchers. This was partially offset by declines in Local and Goods gross billings.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020
International revenue and cost of revenue decreased by $132.2 million and $131.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period primarily due to lower Local and Goods
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gross billings, partially offset by a favorable impact of $21.1 million on revenue and an unfavorable impact of $11.8 million on cost of revenue from year-over-year changes in foreign currency exchange rates, and an increase in variable consideration from unredeemed vouchers.
International gross profit decreased by $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period primarily due to declines in Local and Goods gross billings, partially offset by higher variable consideration from unredeemed vouchers and favorable impacts of $9.2 million from year-over-year changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Marketing and Contribution Profit
International marketing and contribution profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 % Change 2021 2020 % Change
Marketing $ 14,857  $ 11,668  27.3  % $ 36,298  $ 43,555  (16.7) %
% of Gross profit: 27.2  % 23.2  % 25.4  % 30.4  %
Contribution profit $ 39,772  $ 38,637  2.9  % $ 106,687  $ 99,760  6.9  %
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
International marketing expense and marketing expense as a percentage of gross profit increased for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period primarily due to an increase in investment in an effort to drive consumer demand as COVID-19 restrictions began to lift.
The increase in International contribution profit for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period was primarily attributable to a $4.3 million increase in gross profit as described above, partially offset by higher marketing expense.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
International marketing expense and marketing expense as a percentage of gross profit declined for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period. Marketing expense in the first quarter of 2021 declined primarily due to accelerated traffic declines, significantly shortened payback thresholds and lower investment in our offline marketing and brand spend in light of COVID-19. Beginning in the third quarter 2021, we began to increase our marketing spend in an effort to drive consumer demand as COVID-19 restrictions began to lift.
The increase in International contribution profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period was primarily due to a $7.3 million decrease in marketing expense as described above.
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Consolidated Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021
2020
% Change
2021
2020
% Change
Marketing $ 53,159  $ 31,386  69.4  % $ 130,545  $ 116,758  11.8  %
Selling, general and administrative 119,494  124,257  (3.8) 384,606  475,017  (19.0)
Goodwill impairment —  —  —  109,486  (100.0)
Long-lived asset impairment —  —  —  22,351  (100.0)
Restructuring and related charges 12,483  20,559  (39.3) 34,150  61,037  (44.1)
Total operating expenses $ 185,136  $ 176,202  5.1  $ 549,301  $ 784,649  (30.0)
% of Gross profit:
Marketing 29.3  % 19.6  % 24.1  % 23.4  %
Selling, general and administrative 65.9  % 77.6  % 70.9  % 95.3  %
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
Marketing expense and marketing expense as a percentage of gross profit increased for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period due to the launch of new brand campaigns in the second quarter 2021 and an increase in investment in an effort to drive consumer demand.
SG&A and SG&A as a percentage of gross profit decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period primarily due to lower payroll-related expense.
Restructuring and related charges decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period primarily due to lower severance and benefit costs for workforce reductions, impairments of long-lived assets and lease terminations and other exit costs resulting from our restructuring activities. See Item 1, Note 9, Restructuring and Related Charges, for additional information.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
Marketing expense and marketing expense as a percentage of gross profit increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year due to the launch of new brand campaigns and an increase in investment as consumer demand increased.
SG&A and SG&A as a percentage of gross profit decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period primarily due to lower consulting expenses and a decline in fixed costs due to restructuring actions, partially offset by a $9.6 million unfavorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
During the first quarter 2020, the significant deterioration in our financial performance due to the disruption in our operations from COVID-19 and the sustained decreased in our stock price required us to evaluate our goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment. As a result, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized $109.5 million of goodwill impairment and $22.4 million of long-lived asset impairment within our International segment related to our EMEA operations. See Item 1, Note 2, Goodwill and Long-Lived Assets, for additional information.
Restructuring and related charges decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the prior year period primarily due to lower severance and benefit costs for workforce reductions, impairments of long-lived assets and lease terminations and other exit costs resulting from our restructuring activities. We recognized $7.7 million in impairment charges for leases and lease-related assets related to our restructuring plan during the three and nine months ended September 31, 2021, and $3.3 million and $17.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30 2020. See Item 1, Note 9, Restructuring and Related Charges, for additional information.
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Consolidated Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net includes interest income, interest expense, gains and losses on fair value option investments, impairments of investments, loss on extinguishment of debt and foreign currency gains and losses, primarily resulting from intercompany balances with our subsidiaries that are denominated in foreign currencies.
Other income (expense), net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Interest income $ 1,336  $ 1,268  $ 3,818  $ 5,254 
Interest expense (3,534) (9,408) (14,123) (24,375)
Changes in fair value of investments 91,288  —  95,533  (8,089)
Loss on extinguishment of debt —  —  (5,090) — 
Foreign currency gains (losses), net and other (6,557) 7,273  17,591  5,661 
Other income (expense), net $ 82,533  $ (867) $ 97,729  $ (21,549)
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
The change in Other income (expense), net for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared with the prior year period is primarily related to an unrealized gain of $89.1 million recorded as a result of an upward adjustment for an observable price change on an other equity investment in a mobile payments company. The gain is expected to be non-taxable due to local tax laws.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
The change in Other income (expense), net for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared with the prior year period is primarily related to an unrealized gain of $89.1 million recorded as a result of an upward adjustment for an observable price change on an other equity investment and a change in foreign currency gains and losses of $11.9 million, which includes a $32.3 million cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment gain that was reclassified into earnings as a result of the substantial liquidation of our subsidiary in Japan as part of our restructuring actions.
Consolidated Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
Provision (benefit) for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 % Change 2021 2020 % Change
Provision (benefit) for income taxes $ 135  $ (486) (127.8) % $ 773  $ (7,170) (110.8) %
Effective tax rate 0.2  % 2.9  % 0.9  % 2.3  %
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was impacted by the benefit of non-taxable items (including the unrealized gain on the observable price change recorded for an other equity method investment during the three months ended September 30, 2021), the U.S. research and development tax credit, and reversals of reserves for uncertain tax positions due to the closing of applicable statutes of limitations. The three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were also impacted by the pretax losses incurred in jurisdictions that have valuation allowances against their net deferred tax assets. We expect that our consolidated effective tax rate in future periods will continue to differ significantly from the U.S. federal income tax rate as a result of our tax obligations in jurisdictions with profits and valuation allowances in jurisdictions with losses. See Item 1, Note 10, Income Taxes, for additional information relating to tax audits and assessments and regulatory and legal developments that may impact our business and results of operations in the future.
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Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was impacted by the benefit of non-taxable items (including the unrealized gain on the observable price change recorded for an other equity method investment during the nine months ended September 30, 2021), the U.S. research and development tax credit, and reversals of reserves for uncertain tax positions due to the closing of applicable statutes of limitations. The nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were also impacted by the pretax losses incurred in jurisdictions that have valuation allowances against their net deferred tax assets. The nine months ended September 30, 2020 were also impacted by the reversals of reserves for uncertain tax positions due to the closure of tax audits and by the carryback of federal net operating losses due to the income tax relief provided by the CARES Act. We expect that our consolidated effective tax rate in future periods will continue to differ significantly from the U.S. federal income tax rate as a result of our tax obligations in jurisdictions with profits and valuation allowances in jurisdictions with losses. See Item 1, Note 10, Income Taxes, for additional information relating to tax audits and assessments and regulatory and legal developments that may impact our business and results of operations in the future.
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had a valuation allowance recorded against our U.S. deferred tax assets. Given our U.S. current earnings and projected future earnings, we believe that there is a reasonable possibility that within the next three months, sufficient positive evidence may be available to support the conclusion that a valuation allowance will no longer be required. Release of the valuation allowance would result in a decrease to income tax expense in the period the release is recorded. However, the timing and amount of the valuation allowance release could vary based on the level of profitability that we are able to achieve.
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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to financial results reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we have provided the following non-GAAP financial measures: Adjusted EBITDA, free cash flow and foreign currency exchange rate neutral operating results. Those non-GAAP financial measures, which are presented on a continuing operations basis, are intended to aid investors in better understanding our current financial performance and prospects for the future as seen through the eyes of management. We believe that those non-GAAP financial measures facilitate comparisons with our historical results and with the results of peer companies who present similar measures (although other companies may define non-GAAP measures differently than we define them, even when similar terms are used to identify such measures). However, those non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to be a substitute for those reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP performance measure that we define as Income (loss) from continuing operations excluding income taxes, interest and other non-operating items, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, acquisition-related expense (benefit), net and other special charges and credits, including items that are unusual in nature or infrequently occurring. Our definition of Adjusted EBITDA may differ from similar measures used by other companies, even when similar terms are used to identify such measures. Adjusted EBITDA is a key measure used by our management and Board of Directors to evaluate operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions for the allocation of capital. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and Board of Directors. However, Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to be a substitute for Income (loss) from continuing operations.
We exclude stock-based compensation expense and depreciation and amortization because they are primarily non-cash in nature and we believe that non-GAAP financial measures excluding those items provide meaningful supplemental information about our operating performance and liquidity. Acquisition-related expense (benefit), net is comprised of the change in the fair value of contingent consideration arrangements and external transaction costs related to business combinations, primarily consisting of legal and advisory fees. The composition of our contingent consideration arrangements and the impact of those arrangements on our operating results vary over time based on a number of factors, including the terms of our business combinations and the timing of those transactions. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, special charges and credits included charges related to our restructuring plan. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, special charges and credits included charges related to our restructuring plan, goodwill and long-lived asset impairments and strategic advisor costs. We exclude special charges and credits from Adjusted EBITDA because we believe that excluding those items provides meaningful supplemental information about our core operating performance and facilitates comparisons with our historical results.
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The following is a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, Income (loss) from continuing operations, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Income (loss) from continuing operations $ 78,701  $ (16,561) $ 90,020  $ (300,533)
Adjustments:
Stock-based compensation 8,204  8,379  25,121  30,937 
Depreciation and amortization 17,617  18,023  53,607  68,366 
Acquisition-related expense (benefit), net —  —  —  6 
Restructuring and related charges (1)
12,483  20,559  34,150  61,037 
Goodwill impairment —  —  —  109,486 
Long-lived asset impairment —  —  —  22,351 
Strategic advisor costs —  —  —  3,626 
Other (income) expense, net (2)
(82,533) 867  (97,729) 21,549 
Provision (benefit) for income taxes 135  (486) 773  (7,170)
Total adjustments (44,094) 47,342  15,922  310,188 
Adjusted EBITDA $ 34,607  $ 30,781  $ 105,942  $ 9,655 
(1)Includes $7.7 million of right-of-use assets - operating leases and leasehold improvement impairments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, $3.3 million and $17.2 million of long-lived asset impairments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, and $0.3 million and $1.7 million of additional stock-based compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.
(2)Includes a $32.3 million cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment gain that was reclassified into earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as a result of the substantial liquidation of our subsidiary in Japan as part of our restructuring actions and an $89.1 million unrealized gain due to an upward adjustment for an observable price change of an other equity investment. Refer to Item 1, Note 9, Restructuring and Related Charges and Note 3, Investments, for additional information.
Free cash flow. Free cash flow is a non-GAAP liquidity measure that comprises net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations less purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software. We use free cash flow to conduct and evaluate our business because, although it is similar to cash flow from continuing operations, we believe that it typically represents a more useful measure of cash flows because purchases of fixed assets, software developed for internal use and website development costs are necessary components of our ongoing operations. Free cash flow is not intended to represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for the applicable period.
Free cash flow has limitations due to the fact that it does not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures. In addition, free cash flow reflects the impact of the timing difference between when we are paid by customers and when we pay merchants and suppliers. Therefore, we believe it is important to view free cash flow as a complement to our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. For a reconciliation of free cash flow to the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, see Liquidity and Capital Resources below.
Foreign currency exchange rate neutral operating results. Foreign currency exchange rate neutral operating results show current period operating results as if foreign currency exchange rates had remained the same as those in effect in the prior year period. Those measures are intended to facilitate comparisons to our historical performance.
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The following tables represent the effect on our condensed consolidated statements of operations from changes in exchange rates versus the U.S. dollar for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
At Avg. Q3 2020 Rates (1)
Exchange Rate Effect (2)
As Reported
Gross billings $ 549,657  $ 3,333  $ 552,990 
Revenue 212,804  1,367  214,171 
Cost of revenue 32,456  276  32,732 
Gross profit 180,348  1,091  181,439 
Marketing 52,975  184  53,159 
Selling, general and administrative 118,897  597  119,494 
Restructuring and related charges 12,283  200  12,483 
Income (loss) from operations (3,807) 110  (3,697)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
At Avg. Q3 2020 Rates (1)
Exchange Rate Effect (2)
As Reported
Gross billings $ 1,679,722  $ 34,829  $ 1,714,551 
Revenue 722,876  21,070  743,946 
Cost of revenue 189,724  11,857  201,581 
Gross profit 533,152  9,213  542,365 
Marketing 128,566  1,979  130,545 
Selling, general and administrative 374,977  9,629  384,606 
Restructuring and related charges 32,639  1,511  34,150 
Income (loss) from operations (3,030) (3,906) (6,936)
(1)     Represents the financial statement balances that would have resulted had exchange rates in the reporting period been the same as those in effect in the prior year period.
(2)     Represents the increase or decrease in the reported amount resulting from changes in exchange rates from those in effect in the prior year period.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations and cash balances, which primarily consist of bank deposits and government money market funds. As of September 30, 2021, cash and cash equivalents, including outstanding borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement, were $476.8 million.
Our net cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities from continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities $ (74,176) $ 4,792  $ (154,946) $ (144,504)
Investing activities (11,530) (12,469) (33,497) (8,473)
Financing activities (2,047) (3,617) (180,468) 180,557 
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Our free cash flow for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 and a reconciliation to the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations, for those periods were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations $ (74,176) $ 4,792  $ (154,946) $ (144,504)
Purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software (13,405) (11,745) (37,865) (36,662)
Free cash flow $ (87,581) $ (6,953) $ (192,811) $ (181,166)
Our revenue-generating transactions are primarily structured such that we collect cash up-front from customers and pay third-party merchants at a later date, either based upon the customer's redemption of the related voucher or fixed payment terms, which are generally biweekly throughout the term of the merchant's offering. Historically, we have primarily paid merchants on fixed payment terms in North America and upon voucher redemption internationally. In the third quarter 2020, we largely completed a transition to redemption payment terms in North America.
Our cash balances fluctuate significantly throughout the year based on many variables, including gross billings growth rates, the timing of payments to merchants and suppliers, seasonality and the mix of transactions between Goods and Local.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, our net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations was $154.9 million, as compared with $90.0 million net income from continuing operations. That difference is primarily due to a $204.8 million net decrease from changes in working capital and other non-current assets and liabilities. The working capital impact was related to seasonal timing of payments to inventory suppliers, mid-year bonus payments and a shortening of the purchase to redemption cycle relative to year-end 2020 when redemption patterns were more heavily impacted by COVID-19, resulting in higher merchant payment outflows for the year-to-date period. The difference between our net cash used in operating activities and our net income from continuing operations is also due to $40.2 million of non-cash items, including $95.5 million of changes in fair value of our investments and a $32.3 million foreign currency translation adjustment gain that was reclassified into earnings as a result of the substantial liquidation of our subsidiary in Japan, partially offset by depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations was $144.5 million, as compared with a $300.5 million net loss from continuing operations. That difference is primarily due to $267.3 million of non-cash items, including $109.5 million of goodwill impairment, $22.4 million of long-lived asset impairments, $17.2 million of restructuring-related impairments, depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation, partially offset by a $111.2 million net decrease from changes in working capital and other assets and liabilities. The working capital impact was related to the seasonal timing of payments to inventory suppliers and the impact of COVID-19.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, our net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations was $33.5 million, which included purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software of $37.9 million, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of other equity investments of $6.9 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations was $8.5 million. Our net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations included purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software of $36.7 million, which was partially offset by proceeds from the sale of an investment of $31.6 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, our net cash used in financing activities was $180.5 million. Our net cash used in financing activities included payments of $254.0 million for the repurchase of the Atairos Notes, $100.0 million of repayments of borrowings under our revolving credit facility, $27.4 million related to the purchase of capped call transactions, $17.6 million in taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards and $7.7 million in cash paid for issuance costs for the 2026 convertible notes, as discussed below, and the revolving credit agreement, partially offset by $230.0 million of proceeds received from the issuance of the 2026 convertible notes.
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For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our net cash provided by financing activities was $180.6 million. Our net cash provided by financing activities included $200.0 million of borrowings under our revolving credit facility, partially offset by $8.8 million in taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards and $7.4 million in payments of finance lease obligations.
In July 2020, we entered into the First Amendment of our Amended Credit Agreement in order to, among other things, provide us operational flexibility and covenant relief in light of the ongoing impacts of COVID-19 on our business. In March 2021, we entered into the Second Amendment to, among other things, extend the covenant relief through the fourth quarter 2021. We voluntarily elected to early terminate this covenant relief as of the third quarter 2021 and are subject to the ordinary course covenants under the Amended Credit Agreement beginning in the third quarter 2021. We were in compliance with the applicable covenants as of September 30, 2021. In the future, these covenants could restrict our ability to access the full capacity of our credit facility or require us to repay amounts borrowed. In addition, if we are not able to comply with these covenants, we may need to seek additional covenant relief in the future.
In March and April 2021, we also issued the 2026 Notes and used a portion of the net proceeds from the 2026 Notes to purchase the capped call transactions and, together with cash on hand, we repurchased the Atairos Notes in May 2021. See Item 1, Note 5, Financing Arrangements, for additional information.
We believe that our cash balances, excluding borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement, and cash generated from operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital requirements and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. We plan to continue to actively manage and optimize our cash balances and liquidity, working capital and operating expenses, although there can be no assurances that we will be able to do so.
As of September 30, 2021, we had $38.0 million in cash held by our international subsidiaries, which is primarily denominated in Euros, British Pounds Sterling, Canadian dollars, and, to a lesser extent, Australian dollars. In general, it is our practice and intention to re-invest the earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries in those operations. We have not, nor do we anticipate the need to, repatriate funds to the United States to satisfy domestic liquidity needs arising in the ordinary course of business.
In May 2018, the Board authorized us to repurchase up to $300.0 million of our common stock under our share repurchase program. As of September 30, 2021, up to $245.0 million of common stock remained available for purchase under our program. The timing and amount of share repurchases, if any, will be determined based on market conditions, limitations under the Amended Credit Agreement, share price, available cash and other factors, and the share repurchase program may be terminated at any time. Repurchases will be made in compliance with SEC rules and other legal requirements and may be made, in part, under a Rule 10b5-1 plan, which permits share repurchases when we might otherwise be precluded from doing so.
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Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Our contractual obligations and commitments as of September 30, 2021 did not materially change from the amounts set forth in our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K, except as disclosed in Item 1, Note 5, Financing Arrangements and Note 6, Commitments and Contingencies.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2021.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent liabilities. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our significant accounting policies are discussed in Part II, Item 8, Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. In addition, refer to the critical accounting policies and estimates under Part II, Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
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Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-10, Codification Improvements. This ASU amends a variety of Topics, including presentation and disclosures of financial statements, interim reporting, accounting changes and error corrections. This ASU will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021 and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022 and early adoption is permitted. We believe that the adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
There are no other accounting standards that have been issued but not yet adopted that are expected to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business, including the effect of foreign currency fluctuations, interest rate changes and inflation. Information relating to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about these market risks is set forth below.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
We transact business in various foreign currencies other than the U.S. dollar, principally the Euro, British pound sterling, Canadian dollar and Australian dollar, which exposes us to foreign currency risk. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we derived approximately 33.2% and 39.4% of our revenue from our International segment. Revenue and related expenses generated from our international operations are generally denominated in the local currencies of the corresponding countries. The functional currencies of our subsidiaries that either operate or support these markets are generally the same as the corresponding local currencies. However, the results of operations of, and certain of our intercompany balances associated with, our international operations are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. Upon consolidation, as exchange rates vary, our revenue and other operating results may differ materially from expectations, and we may record significant gains or losses on the re-measurement of intercompany balances.
We assess our foreign currency exchange risk based on hypothetical changes in rates utilizing a sensitivity analysis that measures the potential impact on working capital based on a 10% change (increase and decrease) in currency rates. We use a current market pricing model to assess the changes in the value of the U.S. dollar on foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. The primary assumption used in this model is a hypothetical 10% weakening or strengthening of the U.S. dollar against those currency exposures as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
As of September 30, 2021, our net working capital deficit (defined as current assets less current liabilities) from subsidiaries that are subject to foreign currency translation risk was $111.3 million. The potential increase in this working capital deficit from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in quoted foreign currency exchange rates would be $11.1 million. This compares with an $11.4 million working capital surplus subject to foreign currency exposure as of December 31, 2020, for which a 10% adverse change would have resulted in a potential decrease in this working capital surplus of $1.1 million.
Interest Rate Risk
Our cash balance as of September 30, 2021 consists of bank deposits and government money market funds, so exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates is limited. In March and April 2021, we issued convertible notes with an aggregate principal amount of $230.0 million. See Item 1, Note 5, Financing Arrangements. The convertible notes bear interest at a fixed rate, so we have no financial statement impact from changes in interest rates. However, changes in market interest rates impact the fair value of the convertible notes along with other variables such as our credit spreads and the market price and volatility of our common stock. Our Amended Credit Agreement provides for aggregate principal borrowings of up to $225.0 million. As of September 30, 2021, we had $100.0 million of borrowings outstanding and $19.7 million of outstanding letters of credit under the Amended Credit Agreement. See Item 2, Liquidity and Capital Resources, for additional information. Because borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement bear interest at a variable rate, we are exposed to market risk relating to changes in interest rates if we borrow under the Amended Credit Agreement. We have $99.2 million of lease obligations as of September 30, 2021. Interest rates on existing leases typically do not change unless there is a modification to a lease agreement and as such, we do not believe that the interest rate risk on the lease obligations is significant.
Impact of Inflation
We believe that our results of operations are not materially impacted by moderate changes in the inflation rate. Inflation and changing prices did not have a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that, as of September 30, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2021 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, a majority of our employees have been working remotely. We have not identified any material changes to our internal controls over financial reporting as a result of COVID-19 or related changes to our working environment. We are continually monitoring and assessing the impact the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions have on our own internal controls to minimize the effect on their design and operating effectiveness.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
For a description of our material pending legal proceedings, please see Item 1, Note 6, Commitments and Contingencies, to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, and Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2021, except as supplemented and updated below:
Risks Related to Our Business, Operations and Strategy
The loss of key members of our management team, or our failure to attract and retain other highly qualified personnel in the future could harm our business.
In order to be successful, we must attract, retain and motivate executives and other key employees, including those in managerial, technical and sales positions. Hiring and retaining qualified executives, engineers and qualified sales representatives are critical to our success, and competition for experienced and well qualified executives and employees can be intense. In 2020 and 2021, we experienced significant leadership changes and currently have several interim roles in senior management, including our Interim Chief Executive Officer, Interim Chief Financial Officer (as of November 5, 2021) and Interim Chief Accounting Officer. In addition, we may experience additional changes in key roles in the future. We need to identify and hire individuals for these permanent roles, and while we have searches ongoing, there are no assurances we will be able to fill these roles quickly. Executive leadership transitions can be time consuming, difficult to manage and could cause disruption to our business. Further, disruption in our business due to COVID-19 may make it more difficult to attract and retain talent. In order to attract and retain executives and other key employees in a competitive marketplace, we must provide a competitive compensation package, including cash and equity-based compensation. We currently utilize restricted stock units and performance share units as our forms of share-based incentive compensation. If the anticipated value of such equity-based incentive awards does not materialize, if our equity-based compensation otherwise ceases to be viewed as a valuable benefit or if our total compensation package is not viewed as competitive, our ability to attract, retain and motivate executives and key employees could be weakened. The failure to successfully hire and retain executives and key employees or the loss of any executives and key employees could have a significant impact on our operations.
COVID-19 pandemic has, and is expected to continue to, materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and any future outbreaks of contagious diseases and other adverse public health developments could materially affect our business.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a material impact on our business and results of operations. COVID-19 has resulted in significant governmental measures being implemented to control the spread of the virus, including quarantines, travel restrictions, business shutdowns and restrictions on the movement and gathering of people in the United States and abroad. Our business has been adversely affected in jurisdictions that have imposed mandatory closures of our merchants, sought voluntary closures or imposed restrictions on operations of our merchants and activities of consumers, and the continued implementation of such measures may further adversely affect our business. Even if such measures are not implemented, the perceived risk of infection or significant health risk may adversely affect our business. Further, the timing of global vaccination distribution and administration and the long-term effectiveness of any vaccines against COVID-19 and any variants is not certain. The outbreak and the preventive or protective actions that governments or our merchants and consumers have taken and may take in the future in response to COVID-19 has resulted, and may continue to result, in a period of business disruption, reduced voucher and travel sales and increased refunds. Further, any future outbreaks of contagious diseases and other adverse public health developments could materially affect our business.
Such risks could also adversely affect consumers’ financial condition, resulting in reduced spending on our offerings and increased refunds, even after restrictions to everyday activities are lifted. COVID-19 may also adversely affect our ability to implement our strategy to focus on growing our local marketplace.
The impact of COVID-19 as well as our cost-saving actions, remote working environment, and other actions we have taken to attempt to address and mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on our business may lead to disruptions in our business or workforce, inability to grow and evolve our brand, reduced employee morale, engagement and productivity, increased attrition, problems retaining existing and recruiting future employees, limited resources to complete projects efficiently or on anticipated timelines, and increased workload for employees all of which could negatively impact our business, results of operations, financial condition and create
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risks to the effectiveness of our internal controls. Such disruption also could negatively impact our ability to realize the full benefits of our strategy.
These and other potential impacts of COVID-19 have and are expected to continue to adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The ultimate extent of the impact of COVID-19 (or any epidemic, pandemic or other health crisis) will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19, emerging virus variants and the actions taken to contain COVID-19 and address its impact. Further, we may continue to experience different or more prolonged impacts in certain locations where we operate, particularly in our International segment where restrictions have been more prolonged and stricter than in North America, and locations where surges in virus cases continue to occur and the vaccination rollout has been slower. We also have been, and may continue to be, impacted by pandemic-related supply chain issues, staffing shortages, excess demand and other transient issues that affect our merchants and will continue to evolve during the pandemic recovery period.
The potential effects of COVID-19 also could intensify or otherwise affect many of our other risk factors that are included in our Annual Report and this Quarterly Report, including, but not limited to, risks related to the execution of our strategy, customer and merchant acquisition and retention, macroeconomic factors beyond our control, risks of doing business outside of the United States, including risks relating to the staffing and effectiveness of our centralized shared service centers, and risks related to our indebtedness. Because the COVID-19 situation is unprecedented and continuously evolving, the other potential impacts to our risk factors that are further described in our Annual Report and this Quarterly Report are uncertain.
Furthermore, because the COVID-19 pandemic did not impact our results until late in the first quarter of 2020, such impact may not be directly comparable to any historical period and is not necessarily indicative of any future impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have on our results for subsequent periods.
Risks Related to Technology and Cybersecurity
We rely on email, Internet search engines and mobile application marketplaces to drive traffic to our marketplace.
The traffic to our websites and mobile applications, including from consumers responding to our emails and search engine optimization ("SEO"), has declined in recent years. As such, we must focus on diversifying our sources of traffic, including by developing sources of traffic in addition to email and SEO and optimizing the efficiency of our marketing spending. If we are not able to diversify our sources of traffic and acquire and retain customers efficiently, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Email continues to be a significant source of organic traffic for us. If email providers or Internet service providers implement new or more restrictive email or content delivery or accessibility policies, including with respect to net neutrality, it may become more difficult to deliver emails to our customers or for customers to access our site and services. For example, certain email providers, including Google, categorize our emails as "promotional," and these emails are directed to an alternate, and less readily accessible, section of a customer's inbox. If email providers materially limit or halt the delivery of our emails, or if we fail to deliver emails to customers in a manner compatible with email providers’ email handling or authentication technologies, our ability to contact customers through email could be significantly restricted. In addition, if we are placed on "spam" lists or lists of entities that have been involved in sending unwanted, unsolicited emails, our operating results and financial condition could be substantially harmed. In addition, Apple released iOS 15, which updated its privacy practices and policies, limiting the ability of email senders to track recipients' email activity. Such actions, and similar actions in the future, could adversely impact our email open rates, our ability to drive traffic to our marketplace and the effectiveness and efficiency of our email marketing, any of which could have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.
We also rely heavily on Internet search engines to generate traffic to our websites, principally through search engine marketing ("SEM") and SEO. The number of consumers we attract from search engines to our platform is due in large part to how and where information from, and links to, our websites are displayed on search engine results pages. The display, including rankings, of search results can be affected by a number of factors, many of which are not in our control and may change at any time. Search engines frequently update and change the logic that determines the placement and display of the results of a user’s search, such that the purchased or algorithmic placement of links to our websites can be negatively affected. In addition, a search
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engine could, for competitive or other purposes, alter its search algorithms or results causing our websites to place lower in search query results. If a major Internet search engine changes its algorithms in a manner that negatively affects the search engine ranking it could create additional traffic headwinds for us and negatively affect our results of operations.
Furthermore, web browser providers have implemented and may continue to implement changes in their browsers. For example, Google has indicated it intends to further restrict the use of third-party cookies in its Chrome browser, consistent with similar actions taken by the owners of other browsers. Such actions may adversely impact our ability to successfully drive traffic to our marketplace.
We also rely on mobile marketplace operators (i.e., app store operators) to drive downloads of our mobile application. If any mobile marketplace operator determines that our mobile application is non-compliant with its vendor policies, the operator may revoke our rights to distribute through its marketplace or refuse to permit a mobile application update at any time. These operators may also change their mobile application marketplaces or mobile operating systems in a way that negatively affects the prominence of, effectiveness of, or ease with which users can access, our mobile application. For example, Apple recently made changes to iOS 14.5 and its App Tracking Transparency policy, which now requires apps to get a user’s opt-in permission before tracking or sharing the user’s data across apps or websites owned by companies other than the app’s owner. Such actions, and similar actions in the future, could adversely impact our ability to drive traffic to our mobile application and marketplace, the ability of customers to access our offerings through mobile devices and the effectiveness and efficiency of our marketing, any of which could have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.
Email, Internet service and web browser providers, as well as Internet search engines and mobile marketplace operators continue to remain focused on concerns surrounding user and data privacy and protection. Any of these parties may take additional action in the future to respond to such concerns, which could have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Capital Structure
Our access to capital and ability to raise capital in the future may be limited, which could prevent us from growing, and our existing credit agreement could restrict our business activities.
We may need additional capital in the future and to seek additional financing or covenant relief. Any such financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all, and our failure to raise capital when needed could harm our business. We have outstanding $230.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 1.125% convertible senior notes (the "2026 Notes"), due March 2026. In addition, we are party to a $225.0 million amended and restated credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, dated as of May 14, 2019, as amended (the "Amended Credit Agreement"), which matures in May 2024.
The Amended Credit Agreement contains financial and other covenants that may restrict our business activities or our ability to execute our strategic objectives. Due to the impact of COVID-19 on our business, we entered into amendments to the Amended Credit Agreement to provide, among other things, covenant relief through the fourth quarter of 2021. We voluntarily elected to early terminate this covenant relief period as of the third quarter of 2021 and are subject to the ordinary course covenants under the Amended Credit Agreement beginning in the third quarter of 2021. In the future, these covenants could restrict our ability to access the full capacity of our credit facility or require us to repay amounts borrowed. In addition, if we are not able to comply with these covenants, we may need to seek additional covenant relief in the future, which may be impacted by the duration and volatility of the recovery of our business from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Failure to comply with the covenants contained in our Amended Credit Agreement (if not waived or further amended) could give rise to an event of default and, if not cured, entitle the lenders to accelerate the indebtedness outstanding thereunder and terminate our ability to borrow in the future under the Amended Credit Agreement. Further, acceleration of indebtedness under the Amended Credit Agreement could result in an event of default under the indenture (the "Indenture") governing our 2026 Notes. Any termination of our ability to borrow or event of default under our Amended Credit Agreement would have a material adverse impact on our liquidity.
Additionally, other general economic conditions and our future operating performance, could ultimately limit our access to funding under our Amended Credit Agreement. Furthermore, additional equity financing may dilute the interests of our common stockholders, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that could further restrict our business activities or our ability to execute our strategic objectives and could reduce our profitability. If we cannot access the full capacity of our credit facility or raise or borrow funds on acceptable
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terms or at all, it could adversely affect our liquidity, and we may not be able to grow our business or respond to competitive pressures.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we did not issue any unregistered equity securities.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
In May 2018, the Board authorized us to repurchase up to $300.0 million of our common stock under our share repurchase program. As of September 30, 2021, up to $245.0 million of common stock remained available for purchase under our program. The timing and amount of share repurchases, if any, will be determined based on market conditions, limitations under the Amended Credit Agreement, share price, available cash and other factors, and the share repurchase program may be terminated at any time. We will fund the repurchases, if any, through cash on hand, future cash flows and borrowings under our credit facility. Repurchases will be made in compliance with SEC rules and other legal requirements and may be made in part under a Rule 10b5-1 plan, which permits share repurchases when we might otherwise be precluded from doing so. See Item 1, Note 7, Stockholders' Equity and Compensation Arrangements, for additional information regarding our share repurchase program.
The following table provides information about purchases of shares of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2021 related to shares withheld upon vesting of restricted stock units for minimum tax withholding obligations:
Date
Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)
Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under Program
July 1-31, 2021 18,727  $ 36.26  —  — 
August 1-31, 2021 9,429  24.92  —  — 
September 1-30, 2021 2,664  22.52  —  — 
Total 30,820  $ 31.60  —  — 
(1)Total number of shares delivered to us by employees to satisfy the mandatory tax withholding requirement upon vesting of stock-based compensation awards.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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Exhibit
Number
Description
10.1
31.1
31.2
32.1
101.INS ** XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 ** Cover Page Interactive Data File
_____________________________________
** The XBRL Instance Document and Cover Page Interactive Data File do not appear in the Interactive Data File because their XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on this 4th day of November 2021.
GROUPON, INC.
By:   /s/ Melissa Thomas
    Name: Melissa Thomas
    Title: Chief Financial Officer

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