3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The Company’s complete summary of significant accounting policies can be found in “Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, and Accounting Standards Updates promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB. Interim Financial Statements The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared from the books and records of the Company in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, which permits reduced disclosures for interim periods. All adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the accompanying balance sheets, statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows have been made. Although these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required for complete annual financial statements, management believes the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Unaudited interim results of operations and cash flows are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. Unaudited interim financial statements and footnotes should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and footnotes included in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed and the effects of the revisions are reflected in the accompanying financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Management believes that the carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, and accounts payable, approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of those instruments. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities. The Company maintains a deposit account in a federally insured financial institution in excess of federally insured limits. The Company also maintains a money market account in a federally insured financial institution in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant risk on its cash and cash equivalents beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships. The Company maintains a portfolio of marketable debt securities, which is diversified to limit exposure related to counterparty risk, industry risk, and security type risk. The Company maintains an investment policy which dictates the allocation of funds within its portfolio of marketable debt securities. The Company has not experienced any material losses in such portfolio. Segment Information Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business in one segment. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly-liquid investments that have maturities of three months or less when acquired to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents as of March 31, 2024 consisted of various securities as described in Note 4. Cash consists of cash deposits at banking institutions. Marketable Securities The Company classifies its marketable securities as available-for-sale, which include commercial paper, certificates of deposit, corporate debt securities, United States, or U.S., government debt securities and U.S. government agency securities with original maturities of greater than three months. These securities are carried at fair market value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in comprehensive loss and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. Any premium or discount arising at purchase of debt securities is amortized and/or accreted over the term of the security to other income (expense), net. Gains or losses on marketable securities sold are recognized as a component of other income (expense), net in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss on the specific identification method. All marketable securities are available for use, as needed, to fund operations and therefore, the Company classifies all marketable securities as current assets within the balance sheet. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net consists of laboratory equipment, office equipment, computer hardware and software, furniture and fixtures, and leasehold improvements and are recorded at cost. Maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are expensed as incurred. Property and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The Company estimates useful life on an asset-by-asset basis, which generally consists of three years for computer hardware and software, five years for office equipment, five years for laboratory equipment, and seven years for furniture and fixtures. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, with any resulting gain or loss recognized concurrently. The Company did not recognize any losses on disposals of property and equipment for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company reviews long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. The Company did not recognize any impairment expenses for property and equipment for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Leasing The Company evaluates leases at their inception to determine if they are an operating lease or a finance lease. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has classified all leases with terms greater than one year, as operating leases. The Company recognizes assets and liabilities for operating leases at their inception, based on the present value of all payments due under the lease agreement. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of operating leases, which is determined by referencing collateralized borrowing rates for debt instruments with terms similar to the respective lease. The Company utilizes the accounting policy election to not separate lease and non-lease components and the accounting policy election to not apply the recognition requirement to leases with a term of twelve months or less. The Company reviews long-lived assets, such as right of use assets, or ROU assets, for impairment when events or changes indicate the carrying amount of the ROU assets may not be recoverable. The Company did not recognize any impairment expenses for ROU assets for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Share-Based Compensation The Company measures share-based awards at grant-date fair value and records compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the awards. The Company’s share-based compensation consists of restricted stock units, or RSUs, and options to purchase common stock, or stock option awards. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value its stock option awards. Estimating the fair value of stock option awards requires the input of assumptions, including, the expected term of stock options, and stock price volatility. The assumptions used in estimating the fair value of share-based awards represent management's estimate and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management's judgment. As a result, if factors change and management uses different assumptions, share-based compensation expense could be materially different for future awards. The expected term of the stock options is estimated using the “simplified method,” as the Company has limited historical information from which to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior for its stock option grants. The simplified method is the midpoint between the vesting period and the contractual term of the option. For stock price volatility, the Company uses a composite of comparable public company data as a basis for its expected volatility to calculate the fair value of option grants. The selection of comparable public company data requires the application of management’s judgement. The Company accounts for forfeitures of RSUs and stock option awards as they occur. Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of expenses incurred with GTP, contract research organizations, contract manufacturing organizations, internal analytical and testing activities, and employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation. Management makes estimates of the Company’s external accrued research and development expenses, which primarily relates to contract research organizations and contract manufacturing organizations, as of each balance sheet date in the Company’s financial statements based on an estimate of progress to completion of specific tasks using facts and circumstances known to the Company at that time. The Company determines the estimates by reviewing contracts, vendor agreements, change orders, and through discussions with the Company’s internal clinical personnel and external service providers as to the progress to completion of services and the agreed-upon fee to be paid for such services. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the estimate, the Company will adjust the accrual and related expenses accordingly. Other Income (Expense), Net Other income (expense), net consists of interest earned on the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities, amortization of premium and discount on our marketable securities, and the sale of certain tax credits. The Company recorded $1.3 million to other income (expense), net for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which is attributable to $1.3 million of interest income and the amortization of premium and discount on the Company’s marketable securities. The Company recorded $1.5 million to other income (expense), net for three months ended March 31, 2023, which consisted of $1.1 million attributable to interest income and the amortization of premium and discount on the Company’s marketable securities, and $0.4 million related to the sale of certain tax credits. Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted loss per share of common stock includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as stock options, which would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock. For diluted net loss per share, the weighted-average number of shares of common stock is the same for basic net loss per share due to the fact that when a net loss exists, dilutive securities are not included in the calculation as the impact is anti-dilutive. The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding, as they would be anti-dilutive: | | | | | | | Three Months Ended March 31, | | | 2024 | | 2023 | Stock options | | 12,392,973 | | 13,609,572 | Unvested restricted stock units | | 400,167 | | 1,193,666 | Employee stock purchase plan | | 91,663 | | 131,436 | | | 12,884,803 | | 14,934,674 |
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, or ASU 2023-07, which expands segment disclosures by requiring disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, an amount and description of its composition for other segment items, and interim disclosures of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets. The disclosures required under ASU 2023-07 are also required for public entities with a single reportable segment. ASU 2023-07 is effective for the Company’s first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2023 and for interim periods within the Company’s first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-07 to have a material impact on its financial statements or disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, or ASU 2023-09, which requires that an entity, on an annual basis, disclose additional income tax information, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on disclosures.
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