Item 1. Financial Statements.
REVEN HOUSING REIT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in single-family residential properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Land
|
|
$
|
9,238,642
|
|
|
$
|
8,579,550
|
|
Buildings and improvements
|
|
|
43,127,053
|
|
|
|
39,419,038
|
|
|
|
|
52,365,695
|
|
|
|
47,998,588
|
|
Accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
(3,231,343
|
)
|
|
|
(2,853,049
|
)
|
Investments in single-family residential properties, net
|
|
|
49,134,352
|
|
|
|
45,145,539
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
|
9,650,333
|
|
|
|
10,044,977
|
|
Rent and other receivables
|
|
|
477,516
|
|
|
|
246,378
|
|
Escrow deposits
|
|
|
65,537
|
|
|
|
105,500
|
|
Lease origination costs, net
|
|
|
337,532
|
|
|
|
329,395
|
|
Deferred stock issuance costs
|
|
|
40,666
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Other assets, net
|
|
|
496,064
|
|
|
|
195,020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
$
|
60,202,000
|
|
|
$
|
56,066,809
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
|
|
$
|
866,585
|
|
|
$
|
1,283,235
|
|
Resident security deposits
|
|
|
595,360
|
|
|
|
552,698
|
|
Notes payable, net
|
|
|
24,328,234
|
|
|
|
19,454,377
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Liabilities
|
|
|
25,790,179
|
|
|
|
21,290,310
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders' Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock, $.001 par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No shares issued or outstanding
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common stock, $.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,734,025 and 7,016,796 shares issued and outstanding at
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively
|
|
|
10,734
|
|
|
|
10,734
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
41,677,465
|
|
|
|
41,677,465
|
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(7,276,378
|
)
|
|
|
(6,911,700
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Stockholders' Equity
|
|
|
34,411,821
|
|
|
|
34,776,499
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
|
|
$
|
60,202,000
|
|
|
$
|
56,066,809
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral
part of these consolidated financial statements.
REVEN HOUSING REIT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
and 2016
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rental income
|
|
$
|
1,741,309
|
|
|
$
|
1,378,763
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property operating and maintenance
|
|
|
515,560
|
|
|
|
401,236
|
|
Real estate taxes
|
|
|
272,082
|
|
|
|
213,162
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
441,725
|
|
|
|
325,416
|
|
General and administration
|
|
|
701,331
|
|
|
|
501,024
|
|
Acquisition costs
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
57,864
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
1,930,698
|
|
|
|
1,498,702
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating loss
|
|
|
(189,389
|
)
|
|
|
(119,939
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income (expenses):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain on sale of residential property
|
|
|
38,973
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
93,258
|
|
|
|
216
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(307,520
|
)
|
|
|
(258,157
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other income (expenses), net
|
|
|
(175,289
|
)
|
|
|
(257,941
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(364,678
|
)
|
|
$
|
(377,880
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Basic and fully diluted)
|
|
$
|
(0.03
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
|
|
|
10,734,025
|
|
|
|
7,031,618
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.
REVEN HOUSING REIT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH
FLOWS (unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
and 2016
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(364,678
|
)
|
|
$
|
(377,880
|
)
|
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
used in operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
441,725
|
|
|
|
325,416
|
|
Amortization of deferred loan fees
|
|
|
32,617
|
|
|
|
30,327
|
|
Gain on disposal of real estate
|
|
|
(38,973
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rent and other receivables
|
|
|
(231,138
|
)
|
|
|
(13,659
|
)
|
Other assets
|
|
|
(301,044
|
)
|
|
|
(204,212
|
)
|
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
|
|
|
(416,650
|
)
|
|
|
(92,473
|
)
|
Resident security deposits
|
|
|
42,662
|
|
|
|
15,441
|
|
Net cash used in operating activities
|
|
|
(835,479
|
)
|
|
|
(317,040
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions of single-family residential properties
|
|
|
(4,297,427
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Capital improvements for single-family residential properties
|
|
|
(147,056
|
)
|
|
|
(96,721
|
)
|
Proceeds from disposition of single-family residential property
|
|
|
110,122
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Lease origination costs
|
|
|
(65,342
|
)
|
|
|
(22,292
|
)
|
Refunds of escrow deposits
|
|
|
39,963
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(4,359,740
|
)
|
|
|
(119,013
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from note payable
|
|
|
5,020,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Payments of notes payable
|
|
|
(110,038
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Payment of loan fees
|
|
|
(68,721
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Payments of deferred stock issuance costs
|
|
|
(40,666
|
)
|
|
|
(78,087
|
)
|
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
|
|
|
4,800,575
|
|
|
|
(78,087
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Decrease In Cash
|
|
|
(394,644
|
)
|
|
|
(514,140
|
)
|
Cash at the Beginning of the Period
|
|
|
10,044,977
|
|
|
|
2,140,298
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash at the End of the Period
|
|
$
|
9,650,333
|
|
|
$
|
1,626,158
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental Disclosure:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for interest
|
|
$
|
251,172
|
|
|
$
|
225,935
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.
REVEN HOUSING REIT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (unaudited)
March 31, 2017 and 2016
NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION
Reven Housing REIT, Inc. is a Maryland
corporation (Reven Housing REIT, Inc., which along with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, are also referred to herein collectively
as the “Company”) which acquires portfolios of occupied and rented single-family residential properties throughout
the United States with the objective of receiving income from rental property activity and future profits from the sale of rental
property at appreciated values.
As of March 31, 2017, the Company owned
681 single-family homes in the Houston, Jacksonville, Memphis and Atlanta metropolitan areas.
NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT
ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial
statements are presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”),
as contained within the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”),
and the rules and regulations of the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Certain information and footnote disclosures
normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. It is suggested that
these condensed consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto
included in the 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 24, 2017. The results of operations for the period
ended March 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial
statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Reven Housing REIT OP, L.P., Reven Housing GP,
LLC, Reven Housing REIT TRS, LLC, Reven Housing Georgia, LLC, Reven Housing Texas, LLC, Reven Housing Texas 2, LLC, Reven Housing
Florida, LLC, Reven Housing Florida 2, LLC, and Reven Housing Tennessee, LLC. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions
have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial
statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet dates and reported amounts of revenues
and expenses for the periods presented. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates.
Financial Instruments
The carrying value of the Company’s
financial instruments, as reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, approximates fair value due to their short
term nature. The Company’s short term financial instruments consist of cash, rents and other receivables, escrow deposits,
accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and resident security deposits.
The carrying value of the Company’s
notes payable, as reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, approximates fair value due to the fact that their
interest rate, security, and payment terms are similar to other debt instruments currently being issued.
REVEN HOUSING REIT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (unaudited)
March 31, 2017 and 2016
NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT
ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Investments in Single-Family Residential
Properties
Prior to January 1, 2017, the Company accounted
for its investments in single-family residential properties as business combinations under the guidance of ASC Topic 805,
Business
Combinations
(“ASC 805”) and these acquisitions were recorded at their estimated fair value. The purchase price
was allocated to land, building and the existing leases based upon their fair values at the date of acquisition, with acquisition
costs expensed as incurred.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No.
2017-01,
Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business
, which changed the definition of a business
and will now require management to determine whether substantially all of the fair value of gross assets acquired is concentrated
in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. When this is the case, the transferred assets and activities
are not considered to be a business. This determination is important as the accounting treatment for business combinations and
asset acquisitions differs since transactions costs are expensed in a business combination and capitalized in an asset acquisition.
The guidance will be effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim
periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. The guidance will be applied prospectively to any transactions
occurring within the period of adoption. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2017, on a prospective basis, which
results in our leased properties no longer meeting the definition of a business. Based on this guidance our current 2017 acquisitions
are treated as asset acquisitions and are recorded at their purchase price, and the purchase price is allocated between land, building,
improvements and existing leases based upon their relative fair values at the date of acquisition. The purchase price for purposes
of this allocation is inclusive of acquisition costs which typically include legal fees, title fees, property inspection and valuation
fees, as well as other closing costs.
Building improvements and buildings are
depreciated over estimated useful lives of approximately 10 to 27.5 years, respectively, using the straight-line method. Lease
origination costs are amortized over the average remaining term of the in-place leases which is generally less than one year. Maintenance
and repair costs are charged to expenses as incurred.
The Company assesses its investments in
single-family residential properties for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that carrying
amounts of the assets may not be fully recoverable. When such events occur, management determines whether there has been impairment
by comparing the asset’s carrying value with its fair value. Should impairment exist, the asset is written down to its estimated
fair value. The Company did not recognize any impairment losses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
Cash
The Company maintains its cash at quality
financial institutions. The combined account balances at one or more institutions typically exceed the federal insurance coverage
and thus there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of available federal insurance coverage.
The Company believes that the risk is not significant, as the Company does not anticipate the financial institutions’ non-performance.
Rents and Other Receivables
Rents and other receivables represent the
amount of rent receivables, security deposits and net rental funds which are held by the property managers on behalf of the Company,
net of any allowance for amounts deemed uncollectible. The Company has not recognized any allowance for doubtful accounts as of
March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
Escrow Deposits
Escrow deposits include refundable and
non-refundable cash and earnest money on deposit with third parties for future property purchases. As of March 31, 2017, the Company
had offers accepted to purchase single-family residential properties for an aggregate amount of approximately $5,886,000 and had
corresponding refundable earnest deposits for these purchases of $65,537. However, not all of these properties are certain to be
acquired because properties may fall out of escrow through the closing process for various reasons.
Deferred Loan Fees
Costs incurred in the placement of the
Company’s debt are deferred and amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the loans as a component
of interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations, and presented as an offset to notes payable on the consolidated
balance sheet.
REVEN HOUSING REIT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (unaudited)
March 31, 2017 and 2016
NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT
ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Deferred Stock Issuance Costs
Deferred stock issuance costs represent
amounts paid for legal, consulting, and other offering expenses in conjunction with the future raising of additional capital to
be completed within one year. These costs are netted against additional paid-in capital as a cost of the stock issuance upon closing
of the respective stock placement.
Resident Security Deposits
Resident security deposits represent amounts
deposited by tenants at the inception of the lease. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had $595,360 and $552,698,
respectively, in resident security deposits. Security deposits are refundable, net of any outstanding charges and fees, upon expiration
of the underlying lease.
Revenue Recognition
Residential properties are leased to tenants
under short term rental agreements of generally one year and revenue is recognized over the lease term on a straight-line basis.
Reclassifications
The Company has reclassified certain prior
period amounts to conform to the current period’s presentation.
Income Taxes
The Company has elected to be
taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), as defined in the Internal Revenue Code. Accordingly, the Company
does not expect to be subject to federal income tax, provided that it continues to qualify as a REIT and distributions to the stockholders
equal or exceed REIT taxable income.
Qualification and taxation as a
REIT depends upon the Company’s ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Internal Revenue Code related
to the percentage of income that are earned from specified sources, the percentage of assets that fall within specified categories,
the diversity of capital stock ownership, and the percentage of earnings that are distributed. Accordingly, no assurance can be
given that the Company will be organized or be able to operate in a manner to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. If the Company
fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal and state income tax (including any applicable alternative
minimum tax) on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates, and the Company may be ineligible to qualify as a REIT for four
subsequent tax years. Even if the Company qualifies as a REIT, it may be subject to certain state or local income taxes.
Incentive Compensation Plan
During 2012, the Company established the
2012 Incentive Compensation Plan, which was subsequently amended and restated in December 2013 (“2012 Plan”). The 2012
Plan allows for the grant of options and other awards representing up to 1,650,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
Such awards may be granted to officers, directors, employees, consultants and other persons who provide services to the Company
or any related entity. Under the 2012 Plan, options may be granted at an exercise price greater than or equal to the market value
at the date of the grant, for owners of 10% or more of the voting shares, at an exercise price of not less than 110% of the market
value. Awards are exercisable over a period of time as determined by a committee designated by the Board of Directors, but in no
event, longer than ten years.
A total of 496,359 shares have been issued
under the 2012 plan as of March 31, 2017.
Net Loss Per Share
Net loss per share is computed by dividing
the net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Warrants, stock options, and common stock issuable
upon the conversion of the Company's preferred stock (if any) are not included in the computation if the effect would be anti-dilutive
and would increase earnings or decrease loss per share. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, potentially dilutive
securities excluded from the calculations were 263,588 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants granted in prior years.
REVEN HOUSING REIT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (unaudited)
March 31, 2017 and 2016
NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT
ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
New Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02,
Leases
, a new lease standard which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure
of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e. lessees and lessors). Under ASU 2016-02, lessor accounting will be substantially
similar to the current model, but aligned with certain changes to the lessee model and ASU 2014-09. The new standard requires lessors
to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing
leases and operating leases. The Company’s rental revenue is primarily generated from short-term operating leases. The new
standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating based on the principle of
whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification will determine
whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the
lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than
12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing
guidance for operating leases today. The new standard is expected to impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements
as the Company has an operating office lease arrangement for which it is the lessee. The new standard will be effective for the
Company beginning on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The new standard must be adopted using a modified retrospective
transition, requiring application of the new guidance at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented and provides
for certain practical expedients. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09,
Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting
. The amendments in this ASU include multiple provisions intended
to simplify various aspects of the accounting for share-based payments. The guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods
beginning after December 15, 2016, and for interim reporting periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted.
The adoption of this ASU does not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the Company
has adopted as of January 1, 2017.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15,
Statement of Cash Flows, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments
, which clarifies how certain cash receipts
and cash payments should be presented and classified on the statement of cash flows. The guidance will be effective for annual
periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating
the impact the adoption of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18,
Statement of Cash Flows, Restricted Cash
, which requires the statement of cash flows to explain the change during the period
in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Thus,
amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents
when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The amendments do
not provide a definition of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. The guidance will be effective for annual periods beginning
after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption
of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.
REVEN HOUSING REIT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (unaudited)
March 31, 2017 and 2016
NOTE 3. INVESTMENTS IN SINGLE-FAMILY
RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES
The following table summarizes the Company’s
investments in single-family residential properties. The homes are generally leased to individual tenants under leases with terms
of one year or less.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Single-Family
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buildings and
|
|
|
Residential
|
|
|
|
of Homes
|
|
|
Land
|
|
|
Improvements
|
|
|
Properties, Gross
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total at December 31, 2016
|
|
|
624
|
|
|
$
|
8,579,550
|
|
|
$
|
39,419,038
|
|
|
$
|
47,998,588
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases, improvements, sales during 2017:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Houston, TX
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
47,036
|
|
|
|
47,036
|
|
Jacksonville, FL
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
62,006
|
|
|
|
62,006
|
|
Jacksonville, FL (sale)
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
(10,908
|
)
|
|
|
(66,468
|
)
|
|
|
(77,376
|
)
|
Memphis, TN
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
400,000
|
|
|
|
1,243,814
|
|
|
|
1,643,814
|
|
Atlanta, GA
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
270,000
|
|
|
|
2,421,627
|
|
|
|
2,691,627
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total at March 31, 2017
|
|
|
681
|
|
|
$
|
9,238,642
|
|
|
$
|
43,127,053
|
|
|
$
|
52,365,695
|
|
NOTE 4. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES
At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016,
accounts payable and accrued liabilities consisted of the following:
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
$
|
100,234
|
|
|
$
|
248,456
|
|
Real estate taxes payable
|
|
|
286,560
|
|
|
|
667,811
|
|
Accrued compensation, board fees and other
|
|
|
389,592
|
|
|
|
300,500
|
|
Interest payable
|
|
|
90,199
|
|
|
|
66,468
|
|
|
|
$
|
866,585
|
|
|
$
|
1,283,235
|
|
REVEN HOUSING REIT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (unaudited)
March 31, 2017 and 2016
NOTE 5. NOTES PAYABLE
On January 31, 2017, Reven Housing Texas
2, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, received loan proceeds and issued a promissory note in the principal amount of
$5,020,000 to a regional bank secured by 97 of the Company’s homes located in Texas. Principal and accrued interest are payable
in sixty consecutive monthly installments of $31,759 on the first day of the month until January 31, 2022 when the entire amount
of principal and interest remaining unpaid will be payable. Interest accrues and is payable monthly on the loan at the rate equal
to four and one-half percent (4.50%) per annum until maturity.
As of March 31, 2017, the other four notes
mentioned below were payable to another regional bank and incurred interest at a rate of 1.00% over the prime rate (interest rate
was 5.00% per annum at March 31, 2017), and are secured by deeds of trust encumbering homes in each specified area. On April 4,
2017, the Company entered into loan modification agreements with the lender where the interest rate on all four loans has been
reduced to a fixed rate of 4.5% per annum and principal and interest payments will be made monthly based on a 25 year amortization
period with the remaining unpaid principal on all four loans due on April 5, 2020. The loans have a prepayment penalty of 2% during
the first year and 1% during the following year on amounts paid in excess of the scheduled amortization.
A summary of the Company’s notes
payable as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is as follows:
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2016
|
|
Note
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reven Housing Texas, LLC
|
|
$
|
7,460,535
|
|
|
$
|
7,502,504
|
|
Reven Housing Texas 2, LLC
|
|
|
5,006,439
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Reven Housing Tennessee, LLC
|
|
|
3,887,321
|
|
|
|
3,908,829
|
|
Reven Housing Florida, LLC
|
|
|
3,493,794
|
|
|
|
3,526,794
|
|
Reven Housing Florida 2, LLC
|
|
|
4,875,898
|
|
|
|
4,875,898
|
|
|
|
|
24,723,987
|
|
|
|
19,814,025
|
|
Less deferred loan fees, net
|
|
|
(395,753
|
)
|
|
|
(359,648
|
)
|
Notes payable, net
|
|
$
|
24,328,234
|
|
|
$
|
19,454,377
|
|
Costs incurred in the placement of the
Company’s debt are deferred and amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the loans as a component
of interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations. The amount of unamortized fees are deducted from the remaining
principal amount owed on the corresponding notes payable. Unamortized deferred loan costs and fees totaled $395,753 and $359,648
as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31,
2017 and 2016, the Company incurred $307,520 and $258,157, respectively, of interest expense related to the notes payable, which
includes $32,617 and $30,327, respectively, of amortization of deferred loan fees.
REVEN HOUSING REIT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (unaudited)
March 31, 2017 and 2016
NOTE 6. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND STOCK COMPENSATION
On October 16, 2014, the Company issued
425,000 shares of the Company’s common stock under the 2012 Plan to certain officers and consultants of the Company. The
shares issued are subject to restrictions and future vesting conditions based on the Company reaching certain future milestones.
During the year ended December 31, 2016, 106,250 of these shares became vested upon the achievement of certain milestones related
to our public offering of common stock mentioned above. None of the remaining 318,750 shares were vested as of the issuance date.
Compensation expense will be recognized in the applicable future periods on these unvested shares should the applicable milestones
be achieved in accordance with the vesting schedule. There is no assurance that these milestones will in fact be achieved and that
the shares will in fact vest in the future.
The Company has outstanding warrants that
allow holders to purchase up to 263,588 shares at an exercise price of $4.00 per share. The warrants will expire on September
27, 2018, if not exercised prior to that date.
NOTE 7. INCOME TAXES
The Company has elected REIT status effective
for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company is generally not subject to income taxes assuming it complies with the specific
distribution rules applicable to REITs.
NOTE 8. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company sub-leased office space on
a month-to-month basis from Reven Capital, LLC, which is wholly-owned by Chad M. Carpenter, a shareholder of the Company and its
Chief Executive Officer, through January 31, 2016. This arrangement was terminated upon the Company relocating its office space
and signing a new lease agreement with an unrelated party. Rental payments under this sub-lease totaled $3,000 for the three months
ended March 31, 2016. Reven Capital, LLC currently subleases office space from the Company on a month to month basis for a monthly
rental of $500. The Company received income from Reven Capital of $1,500 and $1,000 for the three months ending March 31, 2017
and 2016, respectively.
NOTE 9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Legal and Regulatory
The Company is subject to potential liability
under laws and government regulations and various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of the Company’s
business. Liabilities are established for legal claims when payments associated with the claims become probable and the costs can
be reasonably estimated. The actual costs of resolving legal claims may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts established
for those claims. Based on information currently available, management is not aware of any legal or regulatory claims that would
have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and, therefore, no accrual has been recorded as
of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
NOTE 10. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Recent Real Estate Investment Acquisition
On April 19, 2017, a wholly owned subsidiary
of the Company purchased a portfolio of 68 single-family homes, located in the Birmingham, Alabama metropolitan area for approximately
$5,320,000 including closing and acquisition costs. On April 24, 2017, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company purchased
4 single-family homes located in the Memphis, Tennessee metropolitan area for approximately $300,000 including closing and acquisition
costs.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations.
Unless otherwise provided
in this Quarterly Report, references to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer
to Reven Housing REIT, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
Forward Looking Statements
The information contained
in this report contains forward-looking statements that relate to expectations, beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies,
anticipated events and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements may be identified by use of words such as “may,”
“will,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,”
“believes,” “estimates,” or “potential” or similar words or phrases which are predictions of
or indicate future events or trends. Statements such as those concerning potential acquisition activity, investment objectives,
strategies, opportunities, other plans and objectives for future operations or economic performance are based on our current expectations,
plans, estimates, assumptions and beliefs that involve numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, our ability
to successfully (i) acquire real estate investment properties in the future, (ii) to execute future agreements or understandings
concerning our acquisition of real estate investment properties, (iii) be able to raise the capital required to acquire any such
properties and (iv) those other risks more fully described under Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed
on March 24, 2017 and should be read in conjunction with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Any of these statements could prove
to be inaccurate and actual events or investments and results of operations could differ materially from those expressed or implied.
To the extent that our assumptions differ from actual results, our ability to meet such forward-looking statements, including our
ability to invest in a diversified portfolio of quality real estate investments, may be significantly and negatively impacted.
You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements and we disclaim any obligation to publicly update
or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, future events
or other changes.
Overview
We are an internally
managed Maryland corporation that engages in the acquisition, ownership and operation of portfolios of leased single family homes
in the United States. We operate our portfolio properties as single family rentals, or SFRs, and we generate most of our revenue
from rental income from the existing tenants of the SFRs we have acquired. We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment
trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2016.
As of March 31, 2017,
we have invested an aggregate of approximately $52.4 million and own a total of 681 homes, of which 265 homes are in the Houston,
Texas metropolitan area, 255 homes are in the Jacksonville, Florida metropolitan area, 114 homes are in the Memphis, Tennessee
metropolitan area (with two of the Memphis homes located just across the border in Mississippi) and 47 homes are in the Atlanta,
Georgia metropolitan area.
On April 19,
2017, we purchased 68 homes in the Birmingham, Alabama metropolitan area for approximately $5,320,000 including closing and
acquisition costs. On April 24, 2017, we also purchased 4 additional homes in the Memphis, Tennessee metropolitan area for
approximately $300,000 including closing and acquisition costs. Therefore, as of the date of this filing we currently own 753
homes.
We intend to expand
our acquisitions to other select markets in the United States that fit our investment criteria as we continue to evaluate new investment
opportunities in different markets. As of March 31, 2017, our portfolio properties were 93.8% occupied. All of our portfolio properties
have been acquired from available cash and with the proceeds from our secured loan transactions with banks pursuant to which we
had an outstanding principal amount owed of $24,723,987 as of March 31, 2017. Our loan transactions are secured by first priority
liens and related rents on primarily all of our homes.
Our principal objective
is to generate cash flow and distribute resulting profits to our stockholders in the form of distributions, while gaining home
price appreciation, or HPA, at the same time through the ownership of our portfolio properties. With this objective in mind, we
have developed our primary business strategy of acquiring portfolios of leased SFRs. We believe the execution of this strategy
will allow us to generate immediate and steady cash flow from the rental income from the SFRs that we acquire while potentially
gaining significant HPA over time. HPA is a metric most of our competitors use to project total returns. We believe cash flow is
a better metric to project returns because cash flow is realized currently while HPA is unrealized and deferred until the assets
are sold. While our goal is to grow our company and generate available cash flow from the rental income of our SFRs that will allow
us to pay all of our operating costs for the operation of our portfolio properties and distribute profits to our stockholders in
the form of quarterly dividends, there can be no assurance we will be able to do so.
Property Portfolio
The following tables
represent our investment in the homes as of March 31, 2017:
Market
|
|
No.
of Homes
|
|
Aggregate
Investment
|
|
|
Average
Investment per Home
|
|
|
Properties
Leased
|
|
Properties
Vacant
|
|
Portfolio
Occupancy Rate
|
|
|
Average
Age (years)
|
|
Average
Size (sq. ft.)
|
|
Average
Monthly Rent
|
|
|
Average
Remaining Lease Term (Months)
|
Atlanta,
Georgia
|
|
47
|
|
$
|
3,360,095
|
|
|
$
|
71,491
|
|
|
45
|
|
2
|
|
|
95.7
|
%
|
|
29
|
|
1,453
|
|
$
|
884
|
|
|
3.5
|
Houston,
Texas
|
|
265
|
|
|
22,289,870
|
|
|
|
84,113
|
|
|
254
|
|
11
|
|
|
95.8
|
%
|
|
48
|
|
1,452
|
|
|
1,086
|
|
|
4.9
|
Jacksonville,
Florida
|
|
255
|
|
|
17,688,088
|
|
|
|
69,365
|
|
|
234
|
|
21
|
|
|
91.8
|
%
|
|
54
|
|
1,289
|
|
|
892
|
|
|
5.8
|
Memphis,
Tennesee
|
|
114
|
|
|
9,027,642
|
|
|
|
79,190
|
|
|
106
|
|
8
|
|
|
93.0
|
%
|
|
43
|
|
1,674
|
|
|
986
|
|
|
10.4
|
Totals
|
|
681
|
|
$
|
52,365,695
|
|
|
$
|
76,895
|
|
|
639
|
|
42
|
|
|
93.8
|
%
|
|
48
|
|
1,428
|
|
$
|
983
|
|
|
6.1
|
We plan to continue
to acquire and manage single-family homes with a focus on long term earnings growth and appreciation in asset value. Our ability
to identify and acquire single-family properties that meet our investment criteria will be affected by home prices in our markets,
the inventory of properties available through our acquisition channels, competition for our target assets, our capital available
for investment, and the cost of that capital. We believe the housing market environment in our markets remains attractive for single-family
property acquisitions and rentals. Pricing for housing in certain markets remains attractive and demand for housing is growing.
At the same time, we continue to face relatively steady competition for new properties and residents from local operators and institutional
managers. Housing prices across our markets have appreciated over the past year. Despite these gains, we believe housing in certain
of our markets continues to provide attractive acquisition opportunities and remains inexpensive relative to replacement cost and
affordability metrics.
We anticipate continued
strong rental demand for single-family homes. While new building activity has begun to increase, it remains below historical averages
and we believe substantial under-investment in residential housing over the past years will create upward pressure on home prices
and rents as demand exceeds supply.
Results of Operations
The following table
sets forth a comparison of the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rental income
|
|
$
|
1,741,309
|
|
|
$
|
1,378,763
|
|
|
$
|
362,546
|
|
|
|
26.3
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property operating and maintenance
|
|
|
515,560
|
|
|
|
401,236
|
|
|
|
114,324
|
|
|
|
28.5
|
%
|
Real estate taxes
|
|
|
272,082
|
|
|
|
213,162
|
|
|
|
58,920
|
|
|
|
27.6
|
%
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
441,725
|
|
|
|
325,416
|
|
|
|
116,309
|
|
|
|
35.7
|
%
|
General and administration
|
|
|
701,331
|
|
|
|
501,024
|
|
|
|
200,307
|
|
|
|
40.0
|
%
|
Acquisition costs
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
57,864
|
|
|
|
(57,864
|
)
|
|
|
-100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
1,930,698
|
|
|
|
1,498,702
|
|
|
|
431,996
|
|
|
|
28.8
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating loss
|
|
|
(189,389
|
)
|
|
|
(119,939
|
)
|
|
|
(69,450
|
)
|
|
|
57.9
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income (expenses):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain on sale of residential properties
|
|
|
38,973
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
38,973
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
93,258
|
|
|
|
216
|
|
|
|
93,042
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(307,520
|
)
|
|
|
(258,157
|
)
|
|
|
(49,363
|
)
|
|
|
-19.1
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other income (expenses), net
|
|
|
(175,289
|
)
|
|
|
(257,941
|
)
|
|
|
82,652
|
|
|
|
32.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(364,678
|
)
|
|
$
|
(377,880
|
)
|
|
$
|
13,202
|
|
|
|
3.5
|
%
|
For the three months
ended March 31, 2017, we had total rental income of $1,741,309 compared to total rental income of $1,378,763 for the three months
ended March 31, 2016. The increase is due primarily to an increase in the number of homes owned during the 2017 period when compared
to the number of homes owned during the three months ended March 31, 2016.
As of March 31, 2017,
639, or approximately 93.8%, of our 681 homes were occupied. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, we had 55 home leases
turnover, which represented approximately 8.1% of our end of the quarter portfolio. As of March 31, 2016, 496, or approximately
94.1%, of our 527 homes were occupied. During the quarter ended March 31, 2016, we had 30 home leases turnover, which represented
approximately 5.7% of our end of the quarter portfolio.
For the three months
ended March 31, 2017, we had property operating and maintenance expenses of $515,560 compared to $401,236 for the corresponding
prior year period. Property operating and maintenance expenses consist of insurance, property management fees paid to third parties,
repairs and maintenance costs, home owner association fees, and other miscellaneous property costs. Real estate taxes for the three
months ended March 31, 2017 were $272,082 compared to $213,162 for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in property
operating, maintenance and real estate taxes from 2016 to 2017 reflects the corresponding increase in our inventory of single family
homes. We had net operating income from rentals of $953,667 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to net operating
income from rentals of $764,365 in the corresponding prior year period. This resulted in a net operating income margin of approximately
54.8% in 2017 compared to a net operating income margin of 55.4% in 2016.
Depreciation and amortization
on our home investments increased to $441,725 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to $325,416 in 2016, reflecting
the corresponding increase in our inventory of single family homes.
General and administrative
expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 totaled $701,331 compared to general and administrative expenses of $501,024
for the corresponding prior year period. General and administrative expenses consist of personnel costs, outside director fees,
occupancy fees, public company filing fees, legal, accounting, and other general expenses. The increase in our general and administrative
expenses is due primarily to an increase in legal and accounting fees along with an increase in general expenses in 2017 when compared
to 2016, due to an increase in acquisition and promotional activities in the current period.
Real estate acquisition
costs for the three months ended March 31, 2016 totaled $57,864. Due to new accounting guidance, our purchase of portfolios of
rented single family homes are now considered to be asset purchases, thus corresponding acquisition costs will now be capitalized
as part of our purchase price of the single family residential properties acquired. Thus, there were no real estate acquisition
costs expensed for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Real estate acquisition costs consist primarily of closing costs, due
diligence costs and reports, and legal and accounting fees relating to our acquisitions of single family homes.
The above results in
total expenses of $1,930,698 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 resulting in an operating loss for the three months ended
March 31, 2017 of $189,389, compared to total expenses of $1,498,702 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and a corresponding
operating loss of $119,939 for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
We sold one residential
property during the three months ended March 31, 2017 for a gain of $38,973. There were no corresponding sales during the three
months ended March 31, 2016. Other income was $93,258 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and included a casualty gain of
approximately $89,208, as compared to other income of $216 for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Interest expense on our notes
payable was $307,520 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to $258,157 for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
The increase is primarily due to higher note payable balances for the three months ended March 31, 2017 when compared to the corresponding
period in 2016. This resulted in net other expense of $175,289 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to a net other
expense of $257,941 for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Net loss for the three
months ended March 31, 2017 was $364,678. The net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $377,880. The weighted
average number of shares outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased to 10,737,025 from 7,031,618 for the three
months ended March 31, 2016 resulting in a net loss per share of $0.03 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and a net loss
per share of $0.05 for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in weighted average number of shares outstanding was
due to the completion of our public offering during 2016.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is a measure
of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, fund and maintain our assets and operations, make interest payments and fund
other general business needs. Our liquidity, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive and other
factors that are beyond our control. Our near-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of acquiring properties, funding our
operations, and making interest payments.
Our liquidity and capital
resources as of March 31, 2017 consisted primarily of cash of $9,650,333. We believe our current liquidity and the expected cash
flows from operations will be sufficient to fund the present level of our operations through December 31, 2017. However, our
future acquisition activity will depend primarily on our ability to raise funds from the further issuance of shares of our common
stock or units of our operating partnership combined with new loan transactions secured by our current and future home inventories.
In order to purchase additional single family homes, we intend to opportunistically utilize the capital markets to raise additional
capital, including through the issuance of debt and equity securities, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to access
adequate liquidity sources on favorable terms, or at all.
Credit Facilities
On January 31, 2017,
we borrowed $5,020,000 from Lubbock National Bank pursuant to our issuance of a promissory note secured by deeds of trust in the
principal amount of $5,020,000. Principal and accrued interest are payable in 60 consecutive monthly installments of $31,759 on
the first day of the month until January 31, 2022 when the entire amount of principal and interest remaining unpaid will be payable.
Interest accrues and is payable monthly on the loan at the rate equal to four and one-half percent (4.50%) per annum until maturity.
The loan is secured by first priority liens on 97 homes in the Houston, Texas metropolitan area. The note and the deeds of trust
contain customary terms and conditions, including, without limitation, customary events of default and acceleration upon default,
including defaults in the payment of principal or interest, defaults in compliance with the covenants and bankruptcy or other insolvency
events.
On April 4, 2017, we
entered into loan modification agreements where we reduced the interest rate and amended the maturity period on our loans with
Silvergate Bank with a total current outstanding principal amount due of approximately $19,720,000. The modified loan agreement
provides that monthly interest and principal payments will be made based on a fixed interest rate of 4.5% and an amortization period
of 25 years. All unpaid principal will be due on April 5, 2020. The other terms remain generally unchanged. These loans are secured
by first priority liens and related rents on our properties.
Cash Flows
The following table
summarizes our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Net cash used in operating activities
|
|
|
(835,479
|
)
|
|
|
(317,040
|
)
|
|
|
(518,439
|
)
|
|
|
163.5
|
%
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(4,359,740
|
)
|
|
|
(119,013
|
)
|
|
|
(4,240,727
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
|
|
|
4,800,575
|
|
|
|
(78,087
|
)
|
|
|
4,878,662
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in cash
|
|
|
(394,644
|
)
|
|
|
(514,140
|
)
|
|
|
119,496
|
|
|
|
23.2
|
%
|
Operating Activities
We had net cash used
in operating activities of $835,479 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. This resulted from a net loss of $364,678, adding
back depreciation and amortization of $441,725, amortization of deferred loan fees of $32,617, and then deducting gain on sale
of residential property of $38,973, and then decreasing the amount by the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $906,170.
We had net cash used
in operating activities of $317,040 for the three months ended March 31, 2016. This resulted from a net loss of $377,880, adding
back depreciation and amortization of $325,416 and amortization of deferred loan fees of $30,327, and then decreasing the amount
by the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $294,903.
Investing Activities
During the three months
ended March 31, 2017, we invested $4,297,427 in new homes, $147,056 in capital improvements for our homes, and $65,342 in lease
origination costs. We received $110,122 of proceeds on the disposition of a residential property and received $39,963 in reductions
in escrow deposits for a total of $4,359,740 of cash used in investing activities.
During the three months
ended March 31, 2016, we invested $96,721 in capital improvements and $22,292 in lease origination costs for a total of $119,013
of cash used in investing activities.
Financing Activities
During the three months
ended March 31, 2017, we had net cash provided by financing activities of $4,800,575 derived from $5,020,000 of proceeds from a
note payable, less $110,038 of notes payable principal payments, less $68,721 of deferred loan fees, less payments of deferred
stock issuance costs of $40,666.
During the three months
ended March 31, 2016, we had $78,087 of payments of deferred stock issuance costs.
Our future acquisition
activity relies primarily on our ability to raise funds from the further issuance of common shares combined with new loan transactions
secured by our current and future home inventories. We remain focused on acquiring new capital. We believe our current cash balance
combined with our estimated future net rental revenue is sufficient to fund our operating activities for calendar year 2017.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
None.
Net Operating Income
We define net operating
income (or NOI) as total revenue less property operating and maintenance and real estate taxes. NOI is a non-GAAP measurement that
excludes acquisition costs, depreciation and amortization, general and administration, legal and accounting, and interest expenses.
We consider NOI to
be a meaningful financial measure when considered with the financial statements determined in accordance with GAAP. We believe
NOI is helpful to investors in understanding the amount of income after operating expenses which is generated in a given period.
The following is a
reconciliation of our NOI to net loss as determined in accordance with GAAP for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and
2016.
|
|
Three Months ended March 31,
|
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(364,678
|
)
|
|
$
|
(377,880
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
441,725
|
|
|
|
325,416
|
|
General and administration
|
|
|
701,331
|
|
|
|
501,024
|
|
Acquisition costs
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
57,864
|
|
Interest expense and other income
|
|
|
175,289
|
|
|
|
257,941
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating income
|
|
$
|
953,667
|
|
|
$
|
764,365
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating income as a percentage of total revenue
|
|
|
54.8
|
%
|
|
|
55.4
|
%
|
NOI should not be considered
an alternative to net loss or net cash flows from operating activities, as determined in accordance with GAAP, as indications of
our performance or as measures of liquidity. Nor is NOI necessarily indicative of cash available to fund future cash needs or distributions
to shareholders. In addition, although we use NOI for comparability in assessing our performance against other REITs, not all REITs
compute the same non-GAAP measure of NOI. Accordingly, our basis for computing this non- GAAP measure may not be comparable with
that of other REITs. This is due in part to the differences in property operating and maintenance expenses incurred by, and real
estate taxes applicable to, different companies and the significant effect these items have on NOI.
Funds From Operations and Core Funds
From Operations
Funds From Operations
(or FFO) is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe, when considered with the financial statements determined in accordance
with GAAP, is helpful to investors in understanding our performance because it captures features particular to real estate performance
by recognizing that real estate generally appreciates over time or maintains residual value to a much greater extent than do other
depreciable assets. The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (or NAREIT) defines FFO as net income (computed in
accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of, and impairment losses recognized with respect to, depreciable
property, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments
for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures are calculated on the same basis to determine FFO.
Core Funds From Operations
(or Core FFO) is a non-GAAP financial measure that we use as a supplemental measure of our performance. We believe that Core FFO
is further helpful to investors as it provides a more consistent measurement of our performance across reporting periods by removing
the impact of certain items that are not comparable from period to period. We adjust FFO for expensed acquisition fees and costs,
share-based compensation, and certain other non-comparable costs to arrive at Core FFO.
FFO and Core FFO should
not be considered alternatives to net income (loss) or net cash flows from operating activities, as determined in accordance with
GAAP, as indications of our performance or as measures of liquidity. These non-GAAP measures are not necessarily indicative of
cash available to fund future cash needs. In addition, although we use these non-GAAP measures for comparability in assessing our
performance against other REITs, not all REITs compute the same non-GAAP measures. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that
our basis for computing these non-GAAP measures is comparable with that of other REITs. This is due in part to the differences
in capitalization policies used by different companies and the significant effect these capitalization policies have on FFO and
Core FFO. Real estate costs which are accounted for as capital improvements are added to the carrying value of the property and
depreciated over time, whereas real estate costs that are expenses are accounted for as a current period expense. This affects
FFO and Core FFO because costs that are accounted for as expenses reduce FFO and Core FFO. Conversely, real estate costs associated
with assets that are capitalized and then subsequently depreciated are added back to net income to calculate FFO and Core FFO.
The following table
sets forth a reconciliation of our net loss as determined in accordance with GAAP and our calculations of FFO and Core FFO for
the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:
|
|
Three Months ended March 31,
|
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(364,678
|
)
|
|
$
|
(377,880
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Add back depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
441,725
|
|
|
|
325,416
|
|
Less gain on sale of residential property
|
|
|
(38,973
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Funds from (used in) operations
|
|
$
|
38,074
|
|
|
$
|
(52,464
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Add back noncash amortization of deferred loan fees
|
|
|
32,617
|
|
|
|
30,327
|
|
Less casualty gain
|
|
|
(89,208
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Add back acquisition costs
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
57,864
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core funds from (used in) operations
|
|
$
|
(18,517
|
)
|
|
$
|
35,727
|
|