As Filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 19,
2023
Registration
No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
ESSA PHARMA INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its
charter)
| British
Columbia |
|
98-1250703 |
| (State
or other jurisdiction |
|
(I.R.S.
Employer |
| of
incorporation or organization) |
|
Identification
No.) |
Suite 720, 999 West Broadway
Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1K5
(778) 331-0962
(Address, including zip code, and telephone
number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
CT Corporation System
111 Eighth Avenue
New York, New York 10011
(212) 894-8940
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone
number,
including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
| Michael J.
Hong, Esq. |
|
Joseph A.
Garcia, Esq. |
| Skadden, Arps, Slate,
Meagher & Flom LLP |
|
Kyle Misewich, Esq. |
| 222 Bay Street |
|
Blake, Cassels &
Graydon LLP |
| Toronto, Ontario M5K
1J5 |
|
595 Burrard Street |
| (416) 777-4700 |
|
Vancouver, British Columbia
V7X 1L3 |
| |
|
(604) 631-3300 |
From time to time on or after the effective
date of this Registration Statement.
(Approximate date of commencement of proposed
sale to the public)
If
the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please
check the following box. o
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to
be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered
only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. x
If
this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act,
please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. o
If
this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If
this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become
effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. o
If
this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register
additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following
box. o
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting
company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,”
“smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| |
Large accelerated filer |
¨ |
|
Accelerated filer |
¨ |
| |
Non-accelerated filer |
x |
|
Smaller reporting company |
x |
| |
|
|
Emerging growth company |
¨ |
If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. o
The Registrant
hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant
shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance
with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission
acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete
and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities
in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion, Dated September 19,
2023
PROSPECTUS
ESSA PHARMA INC.
US$200,000,000
Common Shares
Preferred Shares
Debt Securities
Subscription Receipts
Warrants
Units
We may offer and sell from time to time common shares, preferred shares,
debt securities, subscription receipts, warrants to purchase common shares and units or any combination thereof up to an aggregate initial
offering price of up to US$200,000,000 in one or more transactions under this shelf prospectus. In addition, certain selling securityholders
may offer and sell our securities from time to time. The securities may be offered separately or together, at times, in amounts, at prices
and on terms that will be determined based on market conditions at the time of sale and set forth in an accompanying shelf prospectus
supplement. We and/or any selling securityholders will provide specific terms of any offering in supplements to this prospectus. The
prospectus supplement will contain more specific information about the offering and the securities being offered, including the names
of any selling securityholders, if applicable. The supplements may add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You
should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement carefully before you invest. This prospectus may not be used to sell securities
unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
We and/or any selling securityholders, if applicable, may offer securities
for sale directly to purchasers or through underwriters, dealers or agents to be designated at a future date. These securities may also
be resold by selling securityholders. The supplements to this prospectus will provide the names of any underwriters, the specific terms
of the plan of distribution and the underwriter’s discounts and commissions.
This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities
that we may offer. Each time we offer securities, we will provide you with a prospectus supplement that describes specific information
about the particular securities being offered and may add, update or change information contained or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and the prospectus supplement, together with the additional information which is incorporated
by reference into this prospectus and the prospectus supplement.
Our common shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Nasdaq”)
under the symbol “EPIX.” On September 18, 2023, the closing price of our common shares was US$2.78 on the Nasdaq.
Unless otherwise specified in an applicable prospectus supplement, our preferred shares, debt securities, warrants, subscription receipts
and units will not be listed on any securities or stock exchange or on any automated dealer quotation system. There is currently no
market through which our securities, other than our common shares, may be sold and purchasers may not be able to resell such securities
purchased under this prospectus. This may affect the pricing of our securities, other than our common shares, in the secondary market,
the transparency and availability of trading prices, the liquidity of our securities and the extent of issuer regulation. See “Risk
Factors.”
An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk.
Before purchasing any securities, you should carefully read the ‘‘Risk Factors’’ section beginning on page 4
of this prospectus and carefully consider the discussion of risks and uncertainties under the heading “Risk Factors” contained
in any applicable prospectus supplement and in the documents that are incorporated by reference.
Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is , 2023.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABOUT
THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is a part of a registration statement on Form S-3
that we have filed with the SEC utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we and/or
certain selling securityholders, if applicable, may, from time to time offer and sell the securities described in this prospectus in
one or more offerings up to an aggregate initial offering price of US$200,000,000.
This prospectus provides you with a general description of our securities.
Each time we and/or any selling securityholders sell securities, we will provide a supplement to this prospectus that will contain specific
information about the securities being offered and the specific terms of that offering, including the names of any selling securityholders,
if applicable. When we refer to a “prospectus supplement,” we are also referring to any free writing prospectus or other
offering material authorized by us. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus.
If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, you should rely on
the information in the prospectus supplement. You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional
information described under the headings “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation by Reference.”
We may offer and sell securities to or through underwriting syndicates
or dealers, through agents or directly to purchasers. The prospectus supplement for each offering of securities will describe in detail
the plan of distribution for that offering.
In connection with any offering of securities (unless otherwise specified
in a prospectus supplement), the underwriters or agents may over-allot or effect transactions which stabilize or maintain the market
price of the securities offered at a higher level than that which might exist in the open market. Such transactions, if commenced, may
be interrupted or discontinued at any time. See “Plan of Distribution.”
Please carefully read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement
together with the documents incorporated herein by reference under “Incorporation by Reference” and the additional information
described below under “Where You Can Find More Information.”
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this
prospectus contain forward-looking statements and forward-looking information within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Prospective investors should be aware that the ownership and disposition
of the securities described herein may have tax consequences. You should read the tax discussion contained in the applicable prospectus
supplement and consult your tax advisor with respect to your own particular circumstances.
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated
by reference in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different
or additional information. If anyone provides you with different or additional information, you should not rely on it. The distribution
or possession of this prospectus in or from certain jurisdictions may be restricted by law. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these
securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted or where
the person making the offer or sale is not qualified to do so or to any person to whom it is not permitted to make such offer or sale.
The information contained in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date of such document
and any information incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of that document, regardless of the time of delivery of
this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement or of any sale of our securities pursuant thereto. Our business, financial condition,
results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
In this prospectus and in any prospectus supplement, unless the context
otherwise requires, references to:
| ● | “ESSA”,
the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer
to ESSA Pharma Inc., either alone or together with our subsidiaries as the context requires. |
| ● | “Exchange
Act” refers to the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
| ● | “Securities
Act” refers to the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended. |
| ● | “FINRA”
refers to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. |
| ● | “Nasdaq”
refers to the Nasdaq Capital Market. |
| ● | “SEC”
or the “Commission” refers to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. |
Unless stated otherwise or as the context otherwise requires, all
references to dollar amounts in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement are references to United States dollars. References to
“$” or “US$” are to United States dollars and references to “C$” are to Canadian dollars. See “Exchange
Rate Data.”
This prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement include references
to trade names and trade-marks of other companies, which trade names and trade-marks are the property of their respective owners.
Market data and certain industry forecasts relating to the pharmaceutical
and biotechnology industries included in this prospectus, including any prospectus supplement or any document incorporated by reference
herein or therein, are derived from recognized industry reports published by industry analysts, industry associations and/or independent
consulting and data compilation organizations. Although we believe that these independent sources are generally reliable, the accuracy
and completeness of the information from such sources is not guaranteed and has not been independently verified by us, and we do not
make any representation as to the accuracy of such information.
THE
COMPANY
Overview of the Company
We are a clinical stage pharmaceutical company focused on developing
novel and proprietary therapies for the treatment of prostate cancer with an initial focus on patients whose disease is progressing despite
treatment with current standard of care therapies, including second-generation antiandrogen drugs such as abiraterone, enzalutamide,
apalutamide and darolutamide.
We believe
our latest series of investigational compounds, including our product candidate EPI-7386, have the potential to significantly expand
the interval of time in which patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (“CRPC”) can benefit from anti-hormone-based
therapies. Specifically, the compounds are designed to disrupt the androgen receptor (“AR”) signaling pathway, the primary
pathway that drives prostate cancer growth, and prevent AR activation through selective binding to the N-terminal domain (“NTD”)
of the AR. In this respect, our compounds are designed to mechanistically differ from classical non-steroid antiandrogens. These antiandrogens
interfere either with androgen synthesis (i.e., abiraterone), or with the binding of androgens to the ligand-binding domain (“LBD”),
located at the opposite end of the receptor from the NTD (i.e. “lutamides”). A functional NTD is essential for the functionality
of the AR; blocking the NTD inhibits AR-driven transcription and therefore androgen-driven biology. We believe that the transcription
inhibition mechanism of our preclinical compounds is unique, and has the potential advantage of bypassing several of the identified mechanisms
of resistance to the antiandrogens currently used in the treatment of CRPC. We have been granted by the United States Adopted Names (“USAN”)
Council a unique USAN stem “Aniten” to recognize this new first-in-class mechanistic class. We refer to this series of proprietary
investigational compounds as the “Aniten” series. In preclinical studies, blocking the NTD has demonstrated the capability
to prevent AR-driven gene expression. A previously completed Phase 1 clinical trial of our first-generation agent, ralaniten acetate
(“EPI-506”) administered to patients with metastatic CRPC (“mCRPC”) refractory to current standard of care therapies
demonstrated prostate-specific antigen (“PSA”) declines, a sign of inhibition of AR-driven biology. This inhibition,
however, was neither deep nor sustained enough to confer clinical benefit and we have made the decision to develop a more potent next
generation drug which would also have a longer half-life. We have done so, and we are now in clinical trials with our next generation
Aniten, EPI-7386.
In developing possible therapeutics that involve binding to the NTD,
our strategic approach involves:
| ● | completing
the initial Phase 1 clinical development of EPI-7386 as a monotherapy treatment for patients
with mCRPC, who are resistant to the current standard of care, to demonstrate the
drug’s characteristics as a single agent as completely as possible, with regards to
safety, tolerability, and efficacy together with detailed pharmacological and biological
studies. The assessment of the clinical data will determine our clinical development of EPI-7386
as a single agent therapy and also as a combination therapy, whilst considering the impact
of such treatment against the size of the patient population whose tumours have progressed
and are prevalently driven by the AR pathway despite heavy pre-treatment of the latest
generation antiandrogens; |
| ● | combining
Aniten compounds with second-generation antiandrogens in earlier lines of therapy. We, with
industry partners, are conducting clinical trials of combinations of EPI-7386 and second-generation
antiandrogens in patients with nmCRPC, mCRPC, mHSPC and neo-adjuvant prostate cancer surgical
therapy in earlier lines of treatment; and |
| ● | continuing
preclinical studies including work on other Aniten molecules, NTD degraders and other potential
applications for AR NTD inhibitors. |
Further details concerning our business, including information with
respect to our assets, operations and development history, are provided in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022 (our “Annual Report”), as revised or supplemented by our subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, or our current
reports on Form 8-K, which are incorporated herein by reference, and which may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time
to time by other reports we file with the SEC in the future. See “Documents Incorporated by Reference.” You are encouraged
to thoroughly review the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus as they contain important information concerning our
business and our prospects.
Our registered and records office is located at Suite 3500, The Stack, 1133 Melville Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6E 4E5. Our head office
is located at Suite 720 - 999 West Broadway, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1K5.
We have one wholly-owned subsidiary, ESSA Pharmaceuticals Corp., existing
under the laws of the State of Texas.
RISK
FACTORS
Investing in our securities is speculative and involves a high degree
of risk. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the specific factors discussed under
the heading “Risk Factors” in the any applicable prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus, together with all
the information contained or incorporated by reference in the prospectus supplement or appearing or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus, including the risks, uncertainties and assumptions discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report,
as revised or supplemented by our subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, or our current reports on Form 8-K, which are
incorporated herein by reference, and which may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with
the SEC in the future. These risks, as well as risks currently unknown to us, could materially adversely affect our future business,
operations and financial condition and could cause purchasers of securities to lose all or part of their investments. The risks and uncertainties
we have described are not the only risks we face; risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial
may also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
CAUTIONARY
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus (and any prospectus supplement), including the documents
incorporated by reference herein, contains forward-looking statements or forward-looking information within the meaning of the United
States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and applicable Canadian securities laws. All statements in this prospectus, other
than statements of historical facts, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include statements that may relate to
the Company’s plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, future revenue or performance, capital expenditures, financing
needs and other information that is not historical information. These statements appear in a number of different places in this prospectus
and can be identified by use of terminology such as “subject to”, “believe”, “anticipate”, “plan”,
“expect”, “intend”, “estimate”, “project”, “may”, “will”, “should”,
“would”, “could”, “hope”, “can”, or the negatives thereof, variations thereon and similar
expressions, or by discussions of strategy. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other
factors that may cause the Company’s actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results,
performance or achievements that may be expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Examples of such forward looking statements
include, but are not limited to statements related to:
| ● | the
Company’s ability to maintain operations, development programs, preclinical studies,
clinical trials and raise capital as a result of global macroeconomic factors including inflation,
supply chain issues and any ongoing impact from the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak (“COVID-19”); |
| ● | the
Company’s ability to advance its product candidate and potential future product candidates
through, and successfully complete, clinical trials; |
| ● | the
Company’s ability to recruit sufficient numbers of patients for future clinical trials,
and the benefits expected therefrom; |
| ● | the
Company’s ability to establish and maintain relationships with collaborators with acceptable
development, regulatory and commercialization expertise and the benefits to be derived from
such collaborative efforts; |
| ● | the
Company’s ability to obtain funding for operations, including research funding, and
the timing and potential sources of such funding; |
| ● | the
initiation, timing, cost, location, progress and success of, strategy and plans with respect
to ESSA’s research and development programs (including research programs and related
milestones with regards to next-generation drug candidates and compounds), preclinical studies
and clinical trials; |
| ● | the
therapeutic benefits, properties, effectiveness, pharmacokinetic profile and safety of the
Company’s product candidate and potential future product candidates, if any, including
the expected benefits, properties, effectiveness, pharmacokinetic profile and safety of the
Company’s next-generation Aniten compounds; |
| ● | the
Company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and operate its business without
infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others; |
| ● | developments
relating to the Company’s competitors and its industry, including the success of competing
therapies that are or may become available; |
| ● | the
Company’s ability to achieve profitability; |
| ● | the
grant (“CPRIT Grant”) under the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas
(“CPRIT”) and payments thereunder, including any residual obligations; |
| ● | the
Company’s intended use of proceeds from past and future offerings of the Company’s
securities; |
| ● | the
implementation of the Company’s business model and strategic plans, including strategic
plans with respect to patent applications and strategic collaborations and partnerships; |
| ● | the
Company’s ability to identify, develop and commercialize product candidates; |
| ● | the
Company’s commercialization, marketing and manufacturing capabilities and strategy; |
| ● | the
Company’s expectations regarding federal, state, provincial and foreign regulatory
requirements, including the Company’s plans with respect to anticipated regulatory
filings; |
| ● | whether
the Company will receive, and the timing and costs of obtaining, regulatory approvals in
the United States, Canada and other jurisdictions; |
| ● | the
accuracy of the Company’s estimates of the size and characteristics of the markets
that may be addressed by the Company’s product candidate and potential future product
candidates, if any; |
| ● | the
rate and degree of market acceptance and clinical utility of the Company’s potential
future product candidates, if any; |
| ● | the
timing of, and the Company’s ability and the Company’s collaborators’ ability,
if any, to obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for the Company’s product candidate
and potential future product candidates, if any; |
| ● | the
Company’s expectations regarding market risk, including inflation, interest rate changes
and foreign currency fluctuations; |
| ● | the
Company’s ability to engage and retain the employees required to grow its business; |
| ● | the
compensation that is expected to be paid to the Company’s employees; |
| ● | the
Company’s future financial performance and projected expenditures; and |
| ● | estimates
of the Company’s financial condition, expenses, future revenue, capital requirements
and its need for additional financing and potential sources of capital and funding. |
Such statements reflect the Company’s current views with respect
to future events, are subject to risks and uncertainties and are necessarily based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that are
inherently subject to significant medical, scientific, business, economic, competitive, political and social uncertainties and contingencies.
Many factors could cause the Company’s actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results,
performance, or achievements that may be expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, including those described under “Risk
Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report. All the forward-looking statements included in this prospectus are based upon
our current expectations and various assumptions. Certain assumptions made in preparing the forward-looking statements include, but are
not limited to:
| ● | its
ability to maintain operations as a result of any ongoing impact from the COVID-19 outbreak; |
| ● | its
ability to conduct clinical studies involving its product candidate and to identify any future
product candidates; |
| ● | its
ability to obtain regulatory and other approvals to commence clinical trials involving any
future product candidates; |
| ● | its
ability to obtain positive results from research and development activities, including clinical
trials; |
| ● | the
availability of sufficient financing on reasonable terms; |
| ● | its
ability to obtain required regulatory approvals; |
| ● | its
ability to protect patents and proprietary rights; |
| ● | its
ability to successfully out-license or sell future products, if any, and in-license and develop
new products; |
| ● | the
absence of material adverse changes in its industry or the global economy; |
| ● | its
ability to attract and retain key personnel; |
| ● | its
continued compliance with third party license terms and non-infringement of third-party intellectual
property rights; |
| ● | its
ability to maintain good business relationships with its strategic partners; and |
| ● | its
ability to understand and predict market competition. |
The
Company believes there is a reasonable basis for its current expectations, views and assumptions, but they are inherently uncertain.
The Company may not realize its expectations, and its views and assumptions may not prove correct. Actual results could differ
materially from those described or implied by such forward-looking statements. In evaluating forward-looking statements, investors should
specifically consider the following uncertainties and factors, among others (including those set forth under the heading “Risk
Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report, as updated by the Company’s subsequent filings under the Exchange Act
and, if applicable, in any accompanying prospectus supplement filed relating to a specific offering or sale), that could affect future
performance and cause actual results to differ materially from those matters expressed in or implied by forward-looking statements.
Below is a summary of material factors that make
an investment in the Common Shares speculative or risky. Importantly, this summary does not address all of the risks and uncertainties
that the Company faces. Additional discussion of the risks and uncertainties summarized in this risk factor summary, as well as other
risks and uncertainties that the Company faces, can be found under the heading “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”
and “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report. The below summary is qualified in its entirety by those more
complete discussions of such risks and uncertainties. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the heading
“Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report, as updated by the Company’s subsequent filings under the
Exchange Act and, if applicable, in any accompany prospectus supplement filed relating to a specific offering or sale, as part of your
evaluation of an investment in the Company’s Common Shares. Important factors that could cause such differences include, among
other things, the following:
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s ability to maintain operations and execute on its business
plan as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak or other health epidemics; |
| ● | risks
related to clinical trial development and the Company’s ability to conduct the clinical
trial of its product candidate and the predictive value of its current or planned clinical
trials; |
| ● | risks
related to clinical trials being conducted by third parties under collaboration and clinical
supply agreements, including combination studies, using the Company's product candidate,
studies which the Company may not control, and ensuing reputational risk related to clinical
trial results; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s future success being dependent primarily on identification
through preclinical studies, clinical studies, regulatory approval for commercialization
of a single product candidate; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s license agreements with third parties; |
| ● | uncertainty
related to the Company’s ability to obtain required regulatory approvals for its proposed
products; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company's ability to conduct a clinical trial or submit a future New Drug
Application/New Drug Submission to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”)
or Investigational New Drug Application/Clinical Trial Application to Health Canada; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company's ability to successfully commercialize future product candidates; |
| ● | risks
related to the possibility that the Company’s product candidate and potential future
product candidates, if any, may have undesirable side effects when used alone or in combination
with other drugs; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s ability to enroll subjects in clinical trials; |
| ● | risks
that the FDA may not accept data from trials conducted in locations outside the United States; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s ongoing obligations and continued regulatory review; |
| ● | risks
related to potential administrative or judicial sanctions; |
| ● | the
risk of increased costs associated with prolonged, delayed or terminated clinical trials; |
| ● | the
risk that third parties may not carry out their contractual duties or terminate the relationship; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s lack of experience manufacturing product candidates on a large
clinical or commercial scale and the Company’s lack of manufacturing facility; |
| ● | risks
inherent in foreign operations, including related to foreign sourced raw materials, manufacturing
or clinical trials; |
| ● | risks
related to disruptions in domestic and foreign supply chains that the Company relies on for
the production and shipment of raw materials and clinical trial materials; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s failure to obtain regulatory approval in international jurisdictions; |
| ● | risks
related to recently enacted and future legislation in the United States and internationally
that may increase the difficulty and cost for the Company to obtain marketing approval of,
and commercialize, its product candidate and potential future products, if any, and affect
the prices the Company may obtain; |
| ● | risks
related to new legislation, new regulatory requirements, and the continuing efforts of governmental
and third-party payors to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare; |
| ● | uncertainty
as to the Company’s ability to raise additional funding; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s ability to raise additional capital on favorable terms and
the impact of dilution from incremental financing; |
| ● | risks
of a deemed default on any residual obligations of the agreement providing for the CPRIT
Grant and having to reimburse all of the CPRIT Grant, if such deemed default is not waived
by CPRIT; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s incurrence of significant losses in every quarter since inception
and its anticipation that it will continue to incur significant losses in the future; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s limited operating history; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s reliance on proprietary technology; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s ability to protect its intellectual property rights throughout
the world; |
| ● | risks
related to claims by third parties asserting that the Company, or its employees, contractors
or consultants have misappropriated their intellectual property, or claiming ownership of
what the Company regards as its intellectual property; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s ability to comply with governmental patent agency requirements
in order to maintain patent protection; |
| ● | risks
related to computer system failures or security breaches and increasing cyber threats; |
| ● | risks
related to business disruptions that could seriously harm the Company’s future revenues
and financial condition and increase its costs and expenses; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s ability to attract and maintain highly qualified personnel; |
| ● | risks
related to the possibility that third-party coverage and reimbursement and health care cost
containment initiatives and treatment guidelines may constrain the Company’s future
revenues; |
| ● | risks
related to potential conflicts of interest between the Company and its directors and officers; |
| ● | risks
related to competition from other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies; |
| ● | risks
related to movements in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and the rate of inflation; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s ability to convince public payors and hospitals to include
the Company’s product candidate and potential future products, if any, on their approved
formulary lists; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s ability to establish an effective sales force and marketing
infrastructure, or enter into acceptable third-party sales and marketing or licensing arrangements; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company's ability to manage growth; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s ability to achieve or maintain expected levels of market acceptance
for its products; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s ability to realize benefits from acquired businesses or products
or form strategic alliances in the future; |
| ● | risks
related to collaborations with third parties; |
| ● | risks
that employees may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance
with regulatory standards and requirements, which could cause significant liability for the
Company and harm its reputation; |
| ● | risks
related to product liability lawsuits; |
| ● | risks
related to compulsory licensing and/or generic competition; |
| ● | risks
related to being a smaller reporting company; |
| ● | risks
related to share price volatility in the event there is low liquidity for the trading of
the Company's Common Shares; |
| ● | risks
related to the possibility that laws and regulations governing international operations may
preclude the Company from developing, manufacturing and selling certain product candidates
outside of the United States and Canada and require it to develop and implement costly compliance
programs; |
| ● | risks
related to laws that govern fraud and abuse and patients' rights; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s ability to comply with environmental, health and safety laws
and regulations; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company being a “passive foreign investment company”; |
| ● | risks
related to United States investors' ability to effect service of process or enforcement of
actions against the Company; |
| ● | risks
related to market price and trading volume volatility; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company's dividend policy; |
| ● | risks
associated with future sales of the Company’s securities; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company's ability to maintain an active trading market for the Company’s
common shares; |
| ● | risks
related to the Company’s ability to implement and maintain effective internal controls; |
| ● | risks
related to provisions in the Company’s charter documents and Canadian law affecting
corporate governance; and |
| ● | risks
related to analyst coverage. |
If one or more of these risks or uncertainties or a risk that is not
currently known to the Company, materialize, or if its underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may vary materially
from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements represent the Company’s expectations,
plans, estimates and views as of the date of this document. The Company does not undertake and specifically declines any obligation to
update, republish or revise forward-looking statements to reflect future events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated
events, except as required by law. Investors are cautioned that we cannot guarantee future results, events, levels of activity, performance
or achievements and that forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain. Accordingly, investors are cautioned not to put undue reliance
on forward-looking statements. The Company advises you that these cautionary remarks expressly qualify in their entirely all forward-looking
statements attributable to the Company or persons acting on its behalf.
EXCHANGE
RATE INFORMATION
We use the United States dollar as our reporting currency. The following
table sets forth for each period indicated: (1) the low and high exchange rates during such period; (2) the exchange rates
in effect at the end of the period; and (3) the average exchange rates for such period, for one Canadian dollar, expressed in U.S.
dollars, as quoted by the Bank of Canada. The average exchange rate is calculated on the last business day of each month for the applicable
period.
| | | |
Year Ended September 30, | |
| | | |
2020 | | |
2021 | | |
2022 | |
| Low | | |
0.6898 | | |
0.7491 | | |
0.7285 | |
| High | | |
0.7710 | | |
0.8306 | | |
0.8111 | |
| Period End | | |
0.7497 | | |
0.7849 | | |
0.7296 | |
| Average | | |
0.7437 | | |
0.7915 | | |
0.7832 | |
The following table sets forth, for each of the last six months, the
low and high closing exchange rates and the closing exchange rate at the end of the month for Canadian dollars expressed in United States
dollars, as quoted by the Bank of Canada:
| | | |
Last Six Months | |
| | | |
March | | |
April | | |
May | | |
June | | |
July | | |
August | |
| Low | | |
0.7243 | | |
0.7339 | | |
0.7338 | | |
0.7417 | | |
0.7492 | | |
0.7350 | |
| High | | |
0.7389 | | |
0.7486 | | |
0.7488 | | |
0.7604 | | |
0.7617 | | |
0.7524 | |
| End of Month | | |
0.7389 | | |
0.7365 | | |
0.7351 | | |
0.7553 | | |
0.7589 | | |
0.7390 | |
On September 18, 2023, the closing exchange rate of Canadian
dollars expressed in United States dollars, as quoted by the Bank of Canada was C$1.00=US$0.7412.
USE
OF PROCEEDS
Unless we otherwise indicate in a prospectus supplement, we currently
intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of our securities for general corporate purposes, including funding research and development,
preclinical and clinical expenses, and corporate costs.
By the nature of our business as a clinical pharmaceutical company,
we had negative operating cash flow for our most recent interim financial period and financial year. To the extent we have negative cash
flows in future periods, we may use a portion of our general working capital to fund such negative cash flow. See “Risk Factors.”
More detailed information regarding the use of proceeds from the sale
of securities, including any determinable milestones at the applicable time, will be described in any applicable prospectus supplement.
We may also, from time to time, issue securities otherwise than pursuant to a prospectus supplement to this prospectus.
DIVIDEND
POLICY
Our dividend policy is set forth under the heading “Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” in our Annual
Report, which is incorporated in this prospectus by reference, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Exchange Act.
DESCRIPTION
OF SHARE CAPITAL
Common Shares
We are authorized to issue an unlimited number
of common shares, without par value. As of September 18, 2023, there were 44,100,838 common shares issued and outstanding, 8,150,274
common shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, and 2,927,477 common shares issuable upon exercise of warrants.
Of the outstanding warrants, 2,920,000 are pre-funded warrants, each exercisable at a nominal exercise price into one common
share.
Holders of our common shares are entitled to receive notice of any
meetings of our shareholders, and to attend and to cast one vote per common share at all such meetings. Holders of common shares are
entitled to receive on a pro rata basis such dividends on the common shares, if any, as and when declared by our board of directors at
its discretion, from funds legally available therefor, and, upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, are entitled
to receive on a pro rata basis the net assets of the Company after payment of debts and other liabilities, in each case subject to the
rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to any other series or class of shares ranking senior in priority to or on
a pro rata basis with, the holders of common shares with respect to dividends or liquidation. Our common shares do not carry any pre-emptive,
subscription, redemption or conversion rights, nor do they contain any sinking or purchase fund provisions.
Preferred Shares
We may issue our preferred shares from time to time in one or more
series. The terms of each series of preferred shares, including the number of shares, the designation, rights, preferences, privileges,
priorities, restrictions, conditions and limitations, will be determined at the time of creation of each such series by our board of
directors, without shareholder approval, provided that all preferred shares will rank equally within their class as to dividends and
distributions in the event of our dissolution, liquidation or winding-up.
DESCRIPTION
OF DEBT SECURITIES
In this description of debt securities section, “we,”
“us,” “our,” or “ESSA” refer to ESSA Pharma Inc. but not to its subsidiaries.
This section describes the general terms that will apply to any debt
securities issued pursuant to this prospectus. We may issue debt securities in one or more series under an indenture, or the indenture,
to be entered into between us and one or more trustees. The indenture will be subject to and governed by the United States Trust Indenture
Act of 1939, as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”), and the British Columbia Business Corporations Act. A copy of the
form of the indenture will be filed with the SEC as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. The
following description sets forth certain general terms and provisions of the debt securities and is not intended to be complete. For
a more complete description, prospective investors should refer to the indenture and the terms of the debt securities. If debt securities
are issued, we will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the particular terms and provisions of any series of the debt securities
and a description of how the general terms and provisions described below may apply to that series of the debt securities. Prospective
investors should rely on information in the applicable prospectus supplement and not on the following information to the extent that
the information in such prospectus supplement is different from the following information.
We may issue debt securities and incur additional indebtedness other
than through the offering of debt securities pursuant to this prospectus.
General
The indenture will not limit the aggregate principal amount of debt
securities that we may issue under the indenture and will not limit the amount of other indebtedness that we may incur. The indenture
will provide that we may issue debt securities from time to time in one or more series and may be denominated and payable in U.S. dollars,
Canadian dollars or any foreign currency. Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will
be our unsecured obligations. The indenture will also permit us to increase the principal amount of any series of the debt securities
previously issued and to issue that increased principal amount.
The applicable prospectus supplement for any series of debt securities
that we offer will describe the specific terms of the debt securities and may include, but is not limited to, any of the following:
| ● | the
title of the debt securities; |
| ● | the
aggregate principal amount of the debt securities; |
| ● | the
percentage of principal amount at which the debt securities will be issued; |
| ● | whether
payment on the debt securities will be senior or subordinated to our other liabilities or
obligations; |
| ● | whether
the payment of the debt securities will be guaranteed by any other person; |
| ● | the
date or dates, or the methods by which such dates will be determined or extended, on which
we may issue the debt securities and the date or dates, or the methods by which such dates
will be determined or extended, on which we will pay the principal and any premium on the
debt securities and the portion (if less than the principal amount) of debt securities to
be payable upon a declaration of acceleration of maturity; |
| ● | whether
the debt securities will bear interest, the interest rate (whether fixed or variable) or
the method of determining the interest rate, the date from which interest will accrue, the
dates on which we will pay interest and the record dates for interest payments, or the methods
by which such dates will be determined or extended; |
| ● | the
place or places we will pay principal, premium, if any, and interest and the place or places
where debt securities can be presented for registration of transfer or exchange; |
| ● | whether
and under what circumstances we will be required to pay any additional amounts for withholding
or deduction for Canadian taxes with respect to the debt securities, and whether and on what
terms we will have the option to redeem the debt securities rather than pay the additional
amounts; |
| ● | whether
we will be obligated to redeem or repurchase the debt securities pursuant to any sinking
or purchase fund or other provisions, or at the option of a holder and the terms and conditions
of such redemption; |
| ● | whether
we may redeem the debt securities at our option and the terms and conditions of any such
redemption; |
| ● | the
denominations in which we will issue any registered debt securities, if other than denominations
of $1,000 and any multiple of $l,000 and, if other than denominations of $5,000, the denominations
in which any unregistered debt security shall be issuable; |
| ● | whether
we will make payments on the debt securities in a currency or currency unit other than U.S.
dollars or by delivery of our common shares or other property; |
| ● | whether
payments on the debt securities will be payable with reference to any index or formula; |
| ● | whether
we will issue the debt securities as global securities and, if so, the identity of the depositary
for the global securities; |
| ● | whether
we will issue the debt securities as unregistered securities (with or without coupons), registered
securities or both; |
| ● | the
periods within which and the terms and conditions, if any, upon which we may redeem the debt
securities prior to maturity and the price or prices of which and the currency or currency
units in which the debt securities are payable; |
| ● | any
changes or additions to events of default or covenants; |
| ● | the
applicability of, and any changes or additions to, the provisions for defeasance described
under “Defeasance” below; |
| ● | whether
the holders of any series of debt securities have special rights if specified events occur; |
| ● | any
mandatory or optional redemption or sinking fund or analogous provisions; |
| ● | the
terms, if any, for any conversion or exchange of the debt securities for any other securities; |
| ● | rights,
if any, on a change of control; |
| ● | provisions
as to modification, amendment or variation of any rights or terms attaching to the debt securities; and |
| ● | any
other terms, conditions, rights and preferences (or limitations on such rights and preferences)
including covenants and events of default which apply solely to a particular series of the
debt securities being offered which do not apply generally to other debt securities, or any
covenants or events of default generally applicable to the debt securities which do not apply
to a particular series of the debt securities. |
Unless stated otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, no
holder of debt securities will have the right to require us to repurchase the debt securities and there will be no increase in the interest
rate if we become involved in a highly leveraged transaction or we have a change of control.
We may issue debt securities bearing no interest or interest at a
rate below the prevailing market rate at the time of issuance, and offer and sell these securities at a discount below their stated principal
amount. We may also sell any of the debt securities for a foreign currency or currency unit, and payments on the debt securities may
be payable in a foreign currency or currency unit. In any of these cases, we will describe certain Canadian federal and U.S. federal
income tax consequences and other special considerations in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We may issue debt securities with terms different from those of debt
securities previously issued and, without the consent of the holders thereof, we may reopen a previous issue of a series of debt securities
and issue additional debt securities of such series (unless the reopening was restricted when such series was created).
Ranking and Other Indebtedness
Unless otherwise indicated in an applicable prospectus supplement,
our debt securities will be unsecured obligations and will rank equally with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt from
time to time outstanding and equally with other securities issued under the indenture. The debt securities will be structurally subordinated
to all existing and future liabilities, including trade payables, of our subsidiaries.
Our board of directors may establish the extent and manner, if any,
to which payment on or in respect of a series of debt securities will be senior or will be subordinated to the prior payment of our other
liabilities and obligations and whether the payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, will be guaranteed by any other
person and the nature and priority of any security.
Debt Securities in Global Form
The Depositary and Book-Entry
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement,
a series of the debt securities may be issued in whole or in part in global form as a “global security” and will be registered
in the name of and be deposited with a depositary, or its nominee, each of which will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement
relating to that series. Unless and until exchanged, in whole or in part, for the debt securities in definitive registered form, a global
security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary for such global security to a nominee of the depositary, by a nominee
of the depositary to the depositary or another nominee of the depositary or by the depositary or any such nominee to a successor of the
depositary or a nominee of the successor.
The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any
portion of a particular series of the debt securities to be represented by a global security will be described in the applicable prospectus
supplement relating to such series. We anticipate that the provisions described in this section will apply to all depositary arrangements.
Upon the issuance of a global security, the depositary therefor or
its nominee will credit, on its book entry and registration system, the respective principal amounts of the debt securities represented
by the global security to the accounts of such persons, designated as “participants”, having accounts with such depositary
or its nominee. Such accounts shall be designated by the underwriters, dealers or agents participating in the distribution of the debt
securities or by us if such debt securities are offered and sold directly by us. Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security
will be limited to participants or persons that may hold beneficial interests through participants. Ownership of beneficial interests
in a global security will be shown on, and the transfer of that ownership will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary
therefor or its nominee (with respect to interests of participants) or by participants or persons that hold through participants (with
respect to interests of persons other than participants). The laws of some states in the United States may require that certain
purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form.
So long as the depositary for a global security or its nominee is
the registered owner of the global security, such depositary or such nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or
holder of the debt securities represented by the global security for all purposes under the indenture. Except as provided below, owners
of beneficial interests in a global security will not be entitled to have a series of the debt securities represented by the global security
registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of such series of the debt securities in definitive
form and will not be considered the owners or holders thereof under the indenture.
Any payments of principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any,
on global securities registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee will be made to the depositary or its nominee, as the case
may be, as the registered owner of the global security representing such debt securities. None of us, the trustee or any paying agent
for the debt securities represented by the global securities will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records
relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of the global security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing
any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.
We expect that the depositary for a global security or its nominee,
upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, if any, will credit participants’ accounts with payments
in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the principal amount of the global security as shown on the records
of such depositary or its nominee. We also expect that payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in a global security
held through such participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities
held for the accounts of customers registered in “street name”, and will be the responsibility of such participants.
Discontinuance of Depositary’s Services
If a depositary for a global security representing a particular series
of the debt securities is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary and a successor depositary is not appointed by us
within 90 days, we will issue such series of the debt securities in definitive form in exchange for a global security representing
such series of the debt securities. If an event of default under the indenture has occurred and is continuing, debt securities in definitive
form will be printed and delivered upon written request by the holder to the trustee. In addition, we may at any time and in our sole
discretion determine not to have a series of the debt securities represented by a global security and, in such event, will issue a series
of the debt securities in definitive form in exchange for all of the global securities representing that series of debt securities.
Debt Securities in Definitive Form
A series of the debt securities may be issued in definitive form,
solely as registered securities, solely as unregistered securities or as both registered securities and unregistered securities. Registered
securities will be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 and unregistered securities will be issuable
in denominations of $5,000 and integral multiples of $5,000 or, in each case, in such other denominations as may be set out in the terms
of the debt securities of any particular series. Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, unregistered securities
will have interest coupons attached.
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement,
payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the debt securities (other than global securities) will be made at the
office or agency of the trustee, or at our option we can pay principal, interest, if any, and premium, if any, by check mailed or delivered
to the address of the person entitled at the address appearing in the security register of the trustee or electronic funds wire or other
transmission to an account of the person entitled to receive payments. Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement,
payment of interest, if any, will be made to the persons in whose name the debt securities are registered at the close of business on
the day or days specified by us.
At the option of the holder of debt securities, registered securities
of any series will be exchangeable for other registered securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination and of a like aggregate
principal amount and tenor. If, but only if, provided in an applicable prospectus supplement, unregistered securities (with all unmatured
coupons, except as provided below, and all matured coupons in default) of any series may be exchanged for registered securities of the
same series, of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor. In such event, unregistered securities
surrendered in a permitted exchange for registered securities between a regular record date or a special record date and the relevant
date for payment of interest shall be surrendered without the coupon relating to such date for payment of interest, and interest will
not be payable on such date for payment of interest in respect of the registered security issued in exchange for such unregistered security,
but will be payable only to the holder of such coupon when due in accordance with the terms of the indenture. Unless otherwise specified
in an applicable prospectus supplement, unregistered securities will not be issued in exchange for registered securities.
The applicable prospectus supplement may indicate the places to register
a transfer of the debt securities in definitive form. Except for certain restrictions set forth in the indenture, no service charge will
be payable by the holder for any registration of transfer or exchange of the debt securities in definitive form, but we may, in certain
instances, require a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charges payable in connection with these transactions.
We shall not be required to:
| ● | issue,
register the transfer of or exchange any series of the debt securities in definitive form
during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before any selection of securities
of that series of the debt securities to be redeemed and ending on the relevant redemption
date if the debt securities for which such issuance, registration or exchange is requested
may be among those selected for redemption; |
| ● | register
the transfer of or exchange any registered security in definitive form, or portion thereof,
called for redemption, except the unredeemed portion of any registered security being redeemed
in part; |
| ● | exchange
any unregistered security called for redemption except to the extent that such unregistered
security may be exchanged for a registered security of that series and like tenor; provided
that such registered security will be simultaneously surrendered for redemption with written
instructions for payment consistent with the provisions of the indenture; or |
| ● | issue,
register the transfer of or exchange any of the debt securities in definitive form which
have been surrendered for repayment at the option of the holder, except the portion, if any,
thereof not to be so repaid. |
Merger, Amalgamation or Consolidation
The indenture will provide that we may not consolidate with or amalgamate
or merge with or into any other person, enter into any statutory arrangement with any person or convey, transfer or lease our properties
and assets substantially as an entirety to another person, unless among other items:
| ● | we
are the surviving person, or the resulting, surviving or transferee person, if other than
us, is organized and existing under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the
District of Columbia, Canada, or any province or territory thereof, or, if the amalgamation,
merger, consolidation, statutory arrangement or other transaction would not impair the rights
of holders, any other country; |
| ● | the
successor person (if not us) assumes all of our obligations under the debt securities and
the indenture; and |
| ● | we
or such successor person will not be in default under the indenture immediately after the
transaction. |
When such a person assumes our obligations in
such circumstances, subject to certain exceptions, we shall be discharged from all obligations under the debt securities and the indenture.
Additional Amounts
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement,
all payments made by or on behalf of us under or with respect to the debt securities will be made free and clear of and without withholding
or deduction for or on account of any present or future tax, duty, levy, impost, assessment or other government charge (including penalties,
interest and other liabilities related thereto) imposed or levied by or on behalf of the Government of Canada or of any province or territory
thereof or by any authority or agency therein or thereof having power to tax, or Canadian Taxes, unless we are required to withhold or
deduct Canadian Taxes by law or by the interpretation or administration thereof by the relevant government authority or agency.
If we are so required to withhold or deduct any amount for or on account
of Canadian Taxes from any payment made under or with respect to the debt securities, we will pay as additional interest such additional
amounts, or the additional amounts, as may be necessary so that the net amount received by a holder of the debt securities after such
withholding or deduction will not be less than the amount such holder of the debt securities would have received if such Canadian Taxes
had not been withheld or deducted (a similar payment will also be made to holders of the debt securities, other than excluded holders
(as defined herein), that are exempt from withholding but required to pay tax under Part XIII of the Income Tax Act (Canada)
(the “ITA”), directly on amounts otherwise subject to withholding); provided, however, that no additional amounts will be
payable with respect to a payment made to a holder of the debt securities, or an excluded holder, in respect of the beneficial owner
thereof:
| ● | with
which we do not deal at arm’s length (for purposes of the ITA) at the time of the making
of such payment; |
| ● | which
is subject to such Canadian Taxes by reason of the debt securities holder’s failure
to comply with any certification, identification, information, documentation or other reporting
requirement if compliance is required by law, regulation, administrative practice or an applicable
treaty as a precondition to exemption from, or a reduction in the rate of deduction or withholding
of, such Canadian Taxes; |
| ● | which
is subject to such Canadian Taxes by reason of the debt securities holder being a resident,
domicile or national of, or engaged in business or maintaining a permanent establishment
or other physical presence in or otherwise having some connection with Canada or any province
or territory thereof otherwise than by the mere holding of the debt securities or the receipt
of payments thereunder; or |
| ● | which
is subject to such Canadian Taxes because it is not entitled to the benefit of an otherwise
applicable tax treaty by reason of the legal nature of such holder of the debt securities. |
We will make such withholding or deduction and remit the full amount
deducted or withheld to the relevant authority as and when required in accordance with applicable law. We will pay all taxes, interest
and other liabilities which arise by virtue of any failure of us to withhold, deduct and remit to the relevant authority on a timely
basis the full amounts required in accordance with applicable law. We will furnish to the holder of the debt securities, within 60 days
after the date the payment of any Canadian Taxes is due pursuant to applicable law, certified copies of tax receipts evidencing such
payment by us.
Whenever in the indenture there is mentioned, in any context, the
payment of principal, premium, if any, interest or any other payment under or with respect to a debt security, such mention shall be
deemed to include mention of the payment of additional amounts to the extent that, in such context, additional amounts are, were or could
be payable in respect thereof.
The foregoing obligations shall survive any termination, defeasance
or discharge of the indenture.
Tax Redemption
If and to the extent specified in the applicable prospectus supplement,
the debt securities of a series will be subject to redemption at any time, in whole but not in part, at a redemption price equal to the
principal amount thereof together with accrued and unpaid interest to the date fixed for redemption, upon the giving of a notice as described
below, if (1) we determine that (a) as a result of any change in or amendment to the laws (or any regulations or rulings promulgated
thereunder) of Canada or of any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein affecting taxation, or any change in position
regarding application or interpretation of such laws, regulations or rulings (including a holding by a court of competent jurisdiction),
which change or amendment is announced or becomes effective on or after a date specified in the applicable prospectus supplement if any
date is so specified, we have or will become obligated to pay, on the next succeeding date on which interest is due, additional amounts
with respect to any debt security of such series as described under “Additional Amounts” or (b) on or after a date specified
in the applicable prospectus supplement, any action has been taken by any taxing authority of, or any decision has been rendered by a
court of competent jurisdiction in, Canada or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein, including any of those
actions specified in (a) above, whether or not such action was taken or decision was rendered with respect to us, or any change,
amendment, application or interpretation shall be proposed, which, in any such case, in the written opinion to us of legal counsel of
recognized standing, will result in our becoming obligated to pay, on the next succeeding date on which interest is due, additional amounts
with respect to any debt security of such series and (2) in any such case, we, in our business judgment, determine that such obligation
cannot be avoided by the use of reasonable measures available to us; provided however, that (i) no such notice of redemption may
be given earlier than 90 days prior to the earliest date on which we would be obligated to pay such additional amounts were a payment
in respect of the debt securities then due, and (ii) at the time such notice of redemption is given, such obligation to pay such
additional amounts remains in effect.
In the event that we elect to redeem the debt securities of such series
pursuant to the provisions set forth in the preceding paragraph, we shall deliver to the trustee a certificate, signed by an authorized
officer, stating that we are entitled to redeem the debt securities of such series pursuant to their terms.
Provision of Financial Information
We will file with the trustee, within 20 days after we file or
furnish them with the SEC, copies of our annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions
of any of the foregoing as the SEC may by rules and regulations prescribe) which we are required to file or furnish with the SEC
pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
Notwithstanding that we may not remain subject to the reporting requirements
of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act or otherwise report on an annual and quarterly basis on forms provided for such
annual and quarterly reporting pursuant to rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC, we will continue to provide the trustee
within 20 days after the time periods required for the filing or furnishing of such forms by the SEC, annual reports on Form 40-F,
Form 20-F or Form 10-K, as applicable, or any successor form; and reports on Form 8-K (or any successor form), as
applicable.
Events of Default
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement
relating to a particular series of debt securities, the following is a summary of events which will, with respect to any series of the
debt securities, constitute an event of default under the indenture with respect to the debt securities of that series:
| ● | we
fail to pay principal of, or any premium on, any debt security of that series when it is
due and payable; |
| ● | we
fail to pay interest or any additional amounts payable on any debt security of that series
when it becomes due and payable, and such default continues for 30 days; |
| ● | we
fail to make any required sinking fund or analogous payment for that series of debt securities; |
| ● | we
fail to observe or perform any of the covenants described in the section “Merger, Amalgamation
or Consolidation” for a period of 30 days; |
| ● | we
fail to comply with any of our other agreements in the indenture that affect or are applicable
to the debt securities for 60 days after written notice by the trustee or to us and the trustee
by holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities
of any series affected thereby; |
| ● | a
default (as defined in any indenture or instrument under which we or one of our subsidiaries
has at the time of the indenture relating to this prospectus or will thereafter have outstanding
any indebtedness) has occurred and is continuing, or we or any of our subsidiaries has failed
to pay principal amounts with respect to such indebtedness at maturity and such event of
default or failure to pay has resulted in such indebtedness under such indentures or instruments
being declared due, payable or otherwise being accelerated, in either event so that an amount
in excess of the greater of $5,000,000 and 2% of our shareholders’ equity will be or
become due, payable and accelerated upon such declaration or prior to the date on which the
same would otherwise have become due, payable and accelerated, or the accelerated indebtedness,
and such acceleration will not be rescinded or annulled, or such event of default or failure
to pay under such indenture or instrument will not be remedied or cured, whether by payment
or otherwise, or waived by the holders of such accelerated indebtedness, then (i) if
the accelerated indebtedness will be as a result of an event of default which is not related
to the failure to pay principal or interest on the terms, at the times, and on the conditions
set out in any such indenture or instrument, it will not be considered an event of default
for the purposes of the indenture governing the debt securities relating to this prospectus
until 30 days after such indebtedness has been accelerated, or (ii) if the accelerated
indebtedness will occur as a result of such failure to pay principal or interest or as a
result of an event of default which is related to the failure to pay principal or interest
on the terms, at the times, and on the conditions set out in any such indenture or instrument,
then (A) if such accelerated indebtedness is, by its terms, non-recourse to us or our
subsidiaries, it will be considered an event of default for purposes of the indenture governing
the debt securities relating to this prospectus; or (B) if such accelerated indebtedness
is recourse to us or our subsidiaries, any requirement in connection with such failure to
pay or event of default for the giving of notice or the lapse of time or the happening of
any further condition, event or act under such indenture or instrument in connection with
such failure to pay or event of default will be applicable together with an additional seven
days before being considered an event of default for the purposes of the indenture relating
to this prospectus; |
| ● | certain
events involving our bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization; and |
| ● | any
other event of default provided for in that series of debt securities. |
A default under one series of debt securities will not necessarily
be a default under another series. The trustee may withhold notice to the holders of the debt securities of any default, except in the
payment of principal or premium, if any, or interest, if any, if in good faith it considers it in the interests of the holders to do
so.
If an event of default for any series of debt securities occurs and
continues, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series, subject to
any subordination provisions, may require us to repay immediately:
| ● | the
entire principal and interest and premium, if any, of the debt securities of the series; or |
| ● | if
the debt securities are discounted securities, that portion of the principal as is described
in the applicable prospectus supplement. |
If an event of default relates to events involving our bankruptcy,
insolvency or reorganization, the principal of all debt securities will become immediately due and payable without any action by the
trustee or any holder. Subject to certain conditions, the holders of a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities
of the affected series can rescind this accelerated payment requirement. If debt securities are discounted securities, the applicable
prospectus supplement will contain provisions relating to the acceleration of maturity of a portion of the principal amount of the discounted
securities upon the occurrence or continuance of an event of default.
Other than its duties in case of a default, the trustee is not obligated
to exercise any of the rights or powers that it will have under the indenture at the request, order or direction of any holders, unless
the holders offer the trustee reasonable indemnity. If they provide this reasonable indemnity, the holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of any series of debt securities may, subject to certain limitations, direct the time, method and place of conducting
any proceeding or any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any power conferred upon the trustee, for any series of debt securities.
We will be required to furnish to the trustee a statement annually
as to our compliance with all conditions and covenants under the indenture and, if we are not in compliance, we must specify any defaults.
We will also be required to notify the trustee as soon as practicable upon becoming aware of any event of default.
No holder of a debt security of any series will have any right to
institute any proceeding with respect to the indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or a trustee, or for any other remedy, unless:
| ● | the
holder has previously given to the trustee written notice of a continuing event of default
with respect to the debt securities of the affected series; |
| ● | the
holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the series
affected by an event of default have made a written request, and the holders have offered
reasonable indemnity, to the trustee to institute a proceeding as trustee; and |
| ● | the
trustee has failed to institute a proceeding, and has not received from the holders of a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the series affected
by an event of default a direction inconsistent with the request, within 60 days after their
notice, request and offer of indemnity. |
However, such above-mentioned limitations do not apply to a suit instituted
by the holder of a debt security for the enforcement of payment of the principal of or any premium, if any, or interest on such debt
security on or after the applicable due date specified in such debt security.
Defeasance
When we use the term “defeasance”, we mean discharge from
some or all of our obligations under the indenture. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, if we deposit
with the trustee sufficient cash or government securities to pay the principal, interest, if any, premium, if any, and any other sums
due to the stated maturity date or a redemption date of the debt securities of a series, then at our option:
| ● | we
will be discharged from the obligations with respect to the debt securities of that series; or |
| ● | we
will no longer be under any obligation to comply with certain restrictive covenants under
the indenture, and certain events of default will no longer apply to us. |
If this happens, the holders of the debt securities of the affected
series will not be entitled to the benefits of the indenture except for registration of transfer and exchange of debt securities and
the replacement of lost, stolen or mutilated debt securities. These holders may look only to the deposited fund for payment on their
debt securities.
To exercise our defeasance option, we must deliver to the trustee:
| ● | an
opinion of counsel in the United States to the effect that the holders of the outstanding
debt securities of the affected series will not recognize a gain or loss for U.S. federal
income tax purposes as a result of a defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income
tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the
case if the defeasance had not occurred; |
| ● | an
opinion of counsel in Canada or a ruling from the Canada Revenue Agency to the effect that
the holders of the outstanding debt securities of the affected series will not recognize
income, or a gain or loss for Canadian federal, provincial or territorial income or other
tax purposes as a result of a defeasance and will be subject to Canadian federal, provincial
or territorial income tax and other tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the
same times as would have been the case had the defeasance not occurred; and |
| ● | a
certificate of one of our officers and an opinion of counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent provided for relating to defeasance have been complied with. |
If we are to be discharged from our obligations with respect to the
debt securities, and not just from our covenants, the U.S. opinion must be based upon a ruling from or published by the United States
Internal Revenue Service or a change in law to that effect.
In addition to the delivery of the opinions described above, the following
conditions must be met before we may exercise our defeasance option:
| ● | no
event of default or event that, with the passing of time or the giving of notice, or both,
shall constitute an event of default shall have occurred and be continuing for the debt securities
of the affected series; |
| ● | we
are not an “insolvent person” within the meaning of applicable bankruptcy and
insolvency legislation; and |
| ● | other
customary conditions precedent are satisfied. |
Modification and Waiver
Modifications and amendments of the indenture may be made by us and
the trustee with the consent of the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series
affected by the modification. However, without the consent of each holder affected, no modification may:
| ● | change
the stated maturity of the principal of, premium, if any, or any installment of interest,
if any, on any debt security; |
| ● | reduce
the principal, premium, if any, or rate of interest, if any, or any obligation to pay any
additional amounts; |
| ● | reduce
the amount of principal of a debt security payable upon acceleration of its maturity; |
| ● | change
the place or currency of any payment; |
| ● | affect
the holder’s right to require us to repurchase the debt securities at the holder’s
option; |
| ● | impair
the right of the holders to institute a suit to enforce their rights to payment; |
| ● | adversely
affect any conversion or exchange right related to a series of debt securities; |
| ● | change
the percentage of debt securities required to modify the indenture or to waive compliance
with certain provisions of the indenture; or |
| ● | reduce
the percentage in principal amount of outstanding debt securities necessary to take certain
actions. |
The holders of a majority in principal amount of outstanding debt
securities of any series may on behalf of the holders of all debt securities of that series waive, insofar as only that series is concerned,
past defaults under the indenture and compliance by us with certain restrictive provisions of the indenture. However, these holders may
not waive a default in any payment on any debt security or compliance with a provision that cannot be modified without the consent of
each holder affected.
We may modify the indenture without the consent of the holders to:
| ● | evidence
our successor under the indenture; |
| ● | add
covenants or surrender any right or power for the benefit of holders; |
| ● | provide
for unregistered securities to become registered securities under the indenture and make
other such changes to unregistered securities that in each case do not materially and adversely
affect the interests of holders of outstanding securities; |
| ● | establish
the forms of the debt securities; |
| ● | appoint
a successor trustee under the indenture; |
| ● | add
provisions to permit or facilitate the defeasance or discharge of the debt securities as
long as there is no material adverse effect on the holders; |
| ● | cure
any ambiguity, correct or supplement any defective or inconsistent provision, make any other
provisions in each case that would not materially and adversely affect the interests of holders
of outstanding securities and related coupons, if any; |
| ● | comply
with any applicable laws of the United States and Canada in order to effect and maintain
the qualification of the indenture under the Trust Indenture Act; or |
| ● | change
or eliminate any provisions where such change takes effect when there are no securities outstanding
under the indenture. |
Governing Law
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement
relating to a particular series of debt securities, the indenture and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance
with the laws of the State of New York.
The Trustee
The trustee under the indenture or its affiliates may provide banking
and other services to us in the ordinary course of their business.
The indenture will contain certain limitations on the rights of the
trustee, as long as it or any of its affiliates remains our creditor, to obtain payment of claims in certain cases or to realize on certain
property received on any claim as security or otherwise. The trustee and its affiliates will be permitted to engage in other transactions
with us. If the trustee or any affiliate acquires any conflicting interest and a default occurs with respect to the debt securities,
the trustee must eliminate the conflict or resign.
Resignation of Trustee
The trustee may resign or be removed with respect to one or more series
of the debt securities and a successor trustee may be appointed to act with respect to such series. In the event that two or more persons
are acting as trustee with respect to different series of debt securities, each such trustee shall be a trustee of a trust under the
indenture separate and apart from the trust administered by any other such trustee, and any action described herein to be taken by the
“trustee” may then be taken by each such trustee with respect to, and only with respect to, the one or more series of debt
securities for which it is trustee.
Consent to Service
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement
relating to a particular series of debt securities, in connection with the indenture, we will designate and appoint CT Corporation System,
111 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10011, as our authorized agent upon which process may be served in any suit or proceeding arising
out of or relating to the indenture or the debt securities that may be instituted in any U.S. federal or New York state court located
in the Borough of Manhattan, in the City of New York, or brought by the trustee (whether in its individual capacity or in its capacity
as trustee under the indenture), and will irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of such courts.
Enforceability of Judgments
Since all or substantially all of our assets, as well as the assets
of some of our directors and officers, are outside the United States, any judgment obtained in the United States against us or certain
of our directors or officers, including judgments with respect to the payment of principal on the debt securities, may not be collectible
within the United States.
We have been advised that the laws of the Province of British Columbia
and the federal laws of Canada applicable therein permit an action to be brought against us in a court of competent jurisdiction in the
Province of British Columbia on any final and conclusive judgment in personam of any federal or state court located in the State of New
York, or a New York Court, which has not been stayed and is subsisting and unsatisfied for a sum certain with respect to the enforcement
of the indenture and the debt securities that is not impeachable as void or voidable or otherwise ineffective under the internal laws
of the State of New York if: (1) the New York Court rendering such judgment had jurisdiction over the judgment debtor, as recognized
by the courts of the Province of British Columbia (and submission by us in the indenture to the jurisdiction of the New York Court will
be sufficient for that purpose); (2) proper service of process in respect of the proceedings in which such judgment was obtained
was made in accordance with New York law; (3) such judgment was not obtained by fraud or in a manner contrary to natural justice
and the enforcement thereof would not be inconsistent with public policy, as such terms are understood under the laws of the Province
of British Columbia and the federal laws of Canada, or contrary to any order made by the Attorney General of Canada and under the Foreign
Extraterritorial Measures Act (Canada), the United Nations Act (Canada), or the Special Economic Measures Act (Canada),
or by the Competition Tribunal under the Competition Act (Canada); (4) the enforcement of such judgment would not be contrary
to the laws of general application limiting the enforcement of creditors’ rights, including bankruptcy, insolvency, arrangement,
reorganization, winding-up, moratorium and similar laws, and does not constitute, directly or indirectly, the enforcement of foreign
laws which a court in the Province of British Columbia would characterize as revenue, expropriatory, penal, or similar laws; (5) in
an action to enforce a default judgment, the judgment does not contain a manifest error on its face; (6) the action to enforce such
judgment is commenced within the appropriate limitation period and commenced and maintained in accordance with procedural requirements
in the Province of British Columbia; (7) interest payable on the debt securities is not characterized by a court in the Province
of British Columbia as interest payable at a criminal rate within the meaning of Section 347 of the Criminal Code (Canada);
and (8) the judgment does not conflict with another final and conclusive judgment in the same cause of action; except that a court
in the Province of British Columbia may stay an action to enforce a foreign judgment if an appeal of a judgment is pending or time for
appeal has not expired, or there is another subsisting judgment in any jurisdiction relating to the same cause of action; and except
that any court in the Province of British Columbia may give judgment only in Canadian dollars.
We have been advised that there is doubt as to the enforceability
in Canada by a court in original actions, or in actions to enforce judgments of U.S. courts, of civil liabilities predicated solely
upon the U.S. federal securities laws.
DESCRIPTION
OF SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS
We may issue subscription receipts that are exchangeable for our equity
securities and/or other securities. The particular terms and provisions of subscription receipts offered by any prospectus supplement,
and the extent to which the general terms and provisions described below may apply to them, will be described in the applicable prospectus
supplement. This description will include, without limitation, where applicable:
| ● | the
title and number of subscription receipts; |
| ● | the
period during which and the price at which the subscription receipts will be offered; |
| ● | the
terms, conditions and procedures for the exchange of the subscription receipts into or for
our equity securities and/or other securities; |
| ● | the
number of our equity securities and/or other securities that may be issued or delivered upon
exchange of each subscription receipt; and |
| ● | whether
the subscription receipts will be issued in fully registered or global form. |
Our equity securities and/or other securities issued or delivered
upon the exchange of subscription receipts will be issued for no additional consideration.
Original purchasers of subscription receipts will have a contractual
right of rescission against us in respect of the conversion of the subscription receipt. The contractual right of rescission will entitle
such original purchasers to receive the amount paid on original purchase of the subscription receipt upon surrender of the underlying
securities gained thereby, in the event that this prospectus (as supplemented or amended) contains a misrepresentation, provided that:
(i) the conversion takes place within 180 days of the date of the purchase of the subscription receipt under this prospectus; and
(ii) the right of rescission is exercised within 180 days of the date of purchase of the subscription receipt under this prospectus.
This contractual right of rescission will be consistent with the statutory right of rescission described under section 131 of the Securities
Act (British Columbia), and is in addition to any other right or remedy available to original purchasers under section 131 of the Securities
Act (British Columbia) or otherwise at law.
Original purchasers are further advised that in certain Canadian provinces
and territories the statutory right of action in connection with a prospectus misrepresentation limits damages to the amount paid for
the security that was purchased under a prospectus, and therefore a further payment at the time of exercise may not be recoverable in
a statutory action for damages. A Canadian purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s
province or territory for the particulars of these rights, or consult with a legal advisor.
DESCRIPTION
OF WARRANTS
General
This section describes the general terms that will apply to any warrants
for the purchase of common shares, or equity warrants, or any warrants for the purchase of debt securities, or debt warrants. We will
not offer warrants for sale separately to any member of the public in Canada unless the offering is in connection with and forms part
of the consideration for an acquisition or merger transaction or unless the applicable prospectus supplement containing the specific
terms of the warrants to be offered separately is first approved for filing by the securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities
in each of the provinces and territories of Canada where the warrants will be offered for sale.
Subject to the foregoing, we may issue warrants independently or together
with other securities, and warrants sold with other securities may be attached to or separate from the other securities. Warrants may
be issued under one or more warrant indentures or warrant agency agreements to be entered into by us and one or more banks or trust companies
acting as warrant agent.
This summary of some of the provisions of the warrants is not complete.
The statements made in this prospectus relating to any warrant agreement and warrants to be issued under this prospectus are summaries
of certain anticipated provisions thereof and do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by
reference to, all provisions of the applicable warrant agreement. You should refer to the warrant indenture or warrant agency agreement
relating to the specific warrants being offered for the complete terms of the warrants. A copy of any warrant indenture or warrant agency
agreement relating to an offering or warrants will be filed by us with the securities regulatory authorities in Canada and the United
States after we have entered into it.
The applicable prospectus supplement relating to any warrants that
we offer will describe the particular terms of those warrants and include specific terms relating to the offering.
Original purchasers of warrants (if offered separately) will have
a contractual right of rescission against us in respect of the exercise of such warrant. The contractual right of rescission will entitle
such original purchasers to receive, upon surrender of the underlying securities acquired upon exercise of the warrant, the total of
the amount paid on original purchase of the warrant and the amount paid upon exercise, in the event that this prospectus (as supplemented
or amended) contains a misrepresentation, provided that: (i) the exercise takes place within 180 days of the date of the purchase
of the warrant under the applicable prospectus supplement; and (ii) the right of rescission is exercised within 180 days of the
date of purchase of the warrant under the applicable prospectus supplement. This contractual right of rescission will be consistent with
the statutory right of rescission described under section 131 of the Securities Act (British Columbia), and is in addition to
any other right or remedy available to original purchasers under section 131 of the Securities Act (British Columbia) or otherwise
at law.
Original purchasers are further advised that in certain Canadian provinces
and territories the statutory right of action in connection with a prospectus misrepresentation limits damages to the amount paid for
the security that was purchased under a prospectus, and therefore a further payment at the time of exercise may not be recoverable in
a statutory action for damages. A Canadian purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s
province or territory for the particulars of these rights, or consult with a legal advisor.
Equity Warrants
The particular terms of each issue of equity warrants will be described
in the applicable prospectus supplement. This description will include, where applicable:
| ● | the
designation and aggregate number of equity warrants; |
| ● | the
price at which the equity warrants will be offered; |
| ● | the
currency or currencies in which the equity warrants will be offered; |
| ● | the
date on which the right to exercise the equity warrants will commence and the date on which
the right will expire; |
| ● | the
number of common shares that may be purchased upon exercise of each equity warrant and the
price at which and currency or currencies in which the common shares may be purchased upon
exercise of each equity warrant; |
| ● | the
terms of any provisions allowing or providing for adjustments in (i) the number and/or
class of shares that may be purchased, (ii) the exercise price per share or (iii) the
expiry of the equity warrants; |
| ● | whether
we will issue fractional shares; |
| ● | whether
we have applied to list the equity warrants or the underlying shares on a stock exchange; |
| ● | the
designation and terms of any securities with which the equity warrants will be offered, if
any, and the number of the equity warrants that will be offered with each security; |
| ● | the
date or dates, if any, on or after which the equity warrants and the related securities will
be transferable separately; |
| ● | whether
the equity warrants will be subject to redemption and, if so, the terms of such redemption
provisions; |
| ● | material
US and Canadian federal income tax consequences of owning the equity warrants; and |
| ● | any
other material terms or conditions of the equity warrants. |
Debt Warrants
The particular terms of each issue of debt warrants will be described
in the related prospectus supplement. This description will include, where applicable:
| ● | the
designation and aggregate number of debt warrants; |
| ● | the
price at which the debt warrants will be offered; |
| ● | the
currency or currencies in which the debt warrants will be offered; |
| ● | the
designation and terms of any securities with which the debt warrants are being offered, if
any, and the number of the debt warrants that will be offered with each security; |
| ● | the
date or dates, if any, on or after which the debt warrants and the related securities will
be transferable separately; |
| ● | the
principal amount of debt securities that may be purchased upon exercise of each debt warrant
and the price at which and currency or currencies in which that principal amount of debt
securities may be purchased upon exercise of each debt warrant; |
| ● | the
date on which the right to exercise the debt warrants will commence and the date on which
the right will expire; |
| ● | the
minimum or maximum amount of debt warrants that may be exercised at any one time; |
| ● | whether
the debt warrants will be subject to redemption, and, if so, the terms of such redemption
provisions; |
| ● | material
US and Canadian federal income tax consequences of owning the debt warrants; and |
| ● | any
other material terms or conditions of the debt warrants. |
Prior to the exercise of their warrants, holders of warrants will
not have any of the rights of holders of the securities subject to the warrants.
DESCRIPTION
OF UNITS
The following description sets forth certain general terms and provisions
of units to which any prospectus supplement may relate.
We may issue units comprised of one or more of the other securities
described in this prospectus in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security
included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit
agreement under which a unit is issued, if any, may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately,
at any time or at any time before a specified date.
The applicable prospectus supplement may describe:
| ● | the
designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including
whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately; |
| ● | any
provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of
the securities comprising the units; and |
| ● | whether
the units will be issued in fully registered or global form. |
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any
units. The preceding description and any description of units in the applicable prospectus supplement does not purport to be complete
and is subject to and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the unit agreement and, if applicable, collateral arrangements and
depositary arrangements relating to such units.
U.S.
AND CANADIAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The applicable prospectus supplement may describe certain Canadian
federal income tax consequences to an investor who is a non-resident of Canada or to an investor who is a resident of Canada of the ownership
and disposition of any of our securities offered thereunder.
The applicable prospectus supplement may also describe certain U.S.
federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of any of our securities offered thereunder by an initial investor who
is a U.S. person (within the meaning of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code), including, to the extent applicable, such consequences relating
to debt securities payable in a currency other than the U.S. dollar, issued at an original issue discount for U.S. federal income tax
purposes or containing early redemption provisions or other special items.
SELLING
SECURITYHOLDERS
Information about selling securityholders, where applicable, will
be set forth in a prospectus supplement, in a post-effective amendment or in filings we make with the SEC under the Exchange Act which
are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION
We and/or any selling securityholders may sell the securities offered
by this prospectus for cash or other consideration (i) to or through underwriters, dealers, placement agents or other intermediaries,
(ii) directly to one or more purchasers or (iii) in connection with acquisitions of assets or shares or another entity or company.
Each prospectus supplement with respect to our securities being offered
will set forth the terms of the offering, including:
| ● | the
name or names of any underwriters, dealers or other placement agents; |
| ● | the
number and the purchase price of, and form of consideration for, the securities; |
| ● | the
proceeds to the Company from such sale; and |
| ● | any
commissions, fees, discounts and other items constituting underwriters’, dealers’
or agents’ compensation. |
The securities may be sold, from time to time, in one or more transactions
at a fixed price or prices which may be changed or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing
market prices or at negotiated prices, including sales in transactions that are deemed to be “at-the-market distributions”
in accordance with Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on the Nasdaq or other existing trading
markets for the securities. The prices at which the securities may be offered may vary as between purchasers and during the period of
distribution. If, in connection with the offering of securities at a fixed price or prices, the underwriters have made a bona fide effort
to sell all of the securities at the initial offering price fixed in the applicable prospectus supplement, the public offering price
may be decreased and thereafter further changed, from time to time, to an amount not greater than the initial offering price fixed in
such prospectus supplement, in which case the compensation realized by the underwriters will be decreased by the amount that the aggregate
price paid by purchasers for the securities is less than the gross proceeds paid by the underwriters to us.
Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement are deemed to
be underwriters in connection with our securities offered by that prospectus supplement.
We may agree to pay the underwriters or agents a commission for various
services relating to the issue and sale of any securities offered hereby. Where we pay such commission, it will be paid out of the general
corporate funds of the Company.
Underwriters, dealers and agents who participate in the distribution
of the securities may be entitled to, under agreements to be entered into with us, indemnification by us against certain liabilities,
including liabilities under the Securities Act, and Canadian securities legislation, or to contribution with respect to payments which
such underwriters, dealers or agents may be required to make in respect thereof. Such underwriters, dealers and agents may be customers
of, engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.
No underwriter or dealer involved in an “at-the-market distribution,”
no affiliate of such underwriter or dealer and no person acting jointly or in concert with such underwriter or dealer has over-allotted,
or will over-allot, our securities in connection with an offering of the securities or effect any other transactions that are intended
to stabilize the market price of our securities.
In connection with any offering of our securities, other than an “at-the-market
distribution,” the underwriters may over-allot or effect transactions which stabilize or maintain the market price of our securities
offered at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. Such transactions, if commenced, may be discontinued
at any time. Each prospectus supplement will set forth the terms of such transactions.
In compliance with the guidelines of FINRA, the aggregate maximum
discount, commission or agency fees or other items constituting underwriting compensation to be received by any FINRA member or independent
broker dealer will not exceed 8% of any offering pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or pricing supplement,
as the case may be; however, it is anticipated that the maximum commission or discount to be received in any particular offering of securities
will be less than this amount.
WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-3
under the Securities Act with respect to the securities described in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, as applicable.
This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, which constitute a part of that registration statement, do not contain all
of the information set forth in that registration statement and its exhibits. For further information with respect to us and our securities,
you should consult the registration statement and its exhibits.
We are required to file with the securities commission or authority
in each of the applicable provinces of Canada annual and quarterly reports, material change reports and other information. In addition,
we are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act, and, in accordance with the Exchange Act, we also must file reports
with, and furnish other information to, the SEC.
You
may read any document we file with or furnish to the securities commissions and authorities of the provinces of Canada through SEDAR
at https://www.sedarplus.com. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other
information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, where our SEC filings are also available. The address of
the SEC’s website is http://www.sec.gov.
INCORPORATION
BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” into this
prospectus the documents we file with, or furnish to, it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring
you to these documents. The information that we incorporate by reference into this prospectus forms a part of this prospectus, and information
that we file later with the SEC automatically updates and supersedes any information in this prospectus. We incorporate by reference
into this prospectus the documents listed below:
All documents filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or
15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of the offering of the securities
offered by this prospectus are incorporated by reference into this prospectus and form part of this prospectus from the date of filing
or furnishing of these documents.
Any statement contained in a document that is incorporated by reference
into this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for the purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained
in this prospectus, or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference into this
prospectus, modifies or supersedes that statement. The modifying or superseding statement does not need to state that it has modified
or superseded a prior statement or include any other information set forth in the document that it modifies or supersedes.
Upon request, we will provide, without charge, to each person who
receives this prospectus, a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference (other than exhibits to the documents that
are not specifically incorporated by reference in the documents). Please direct written or oral requests for copies to our Corporate
Secretary at Suite 720 – 999 West Broadway, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1K5, by faxing a written request to 1-888-308-8974
or by calling 1-778-331-0962.
ENFORCEABILITY
OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We are a corporation existing under the Business Corporations Act
(British Columbia) (the “BCBCA”). Some of our directors and officers are residents of Canada or otherwise reside outside
the United States, and all or a substantial portion of their assets, and a substantial portion of our assets, are located outside the
United States. We have appointed an agent for service of process in the United States, but it may be difficult for holders of our securities
who reside in the United States to effect service within the United States upon those director and officers who are not residents of
the United States. It may also be difficult for holders of our securities who reside in the United States to realize in the United States
upon judgments of courts of the United States predicated upon our civil liability and the civil liability of our directors, officers
and experts under the U.S. federal securities laws. We have been advised by our Canadian counsel, Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP,
that a judgment of a U.S. court predicated solely upon civil liability under U.S. federal securities laws or the securities or ‘‘blue
sky’’ laws of any state within the United States, would probably be enforceable in Canada if the U.S. court in which the
judgment was obtained has a basis for jurisdiction in the matter that would be recognized by a Canadian court for the same purposes.
We have also been advised by Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP, however, that there is substantial doubt whether an action could
be brought in Canada in the first instance on the basis of liability predicated solely upon U.S. federal securities laws.
LEGAL
MATTERS
Certain legal matters related to our securities offered by this prospectus
will be passed upon on its behalf by Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP, with respect to matters of Canadian law, and Skadden, Arps,
Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, with respect to matters of U.S. law.
AUDITOR,
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
Our audited consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus
have been audited by Davidson & Company LLP at its offices located at 1200 – 609 Granville Street, P.O. Box 10372,
Pacific Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V7Y 1G6, independent auditors, as stated in their report appearing therein.
The Canadian transfer agent and registrar for our common shares is
Computershare Investor Services Inc. at its offices in Vancouver, British Columbia and Toronto, Ontario. The U.S. transfer agent for
our common shares is Computershare Trust Company, N.A. at its offices in Canton, MA, Jersey City, NJ, and Louisville, KY.
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
| Item 14. | Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution |
The following table sets forth the estimated costs and expenses, other
than underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by us in connection with the offering of the securities being registered. All the
amounts shown are estimates, except for the SEC registration fee.
| SEC registration fee | |
US$ | 16,585 | |
| FINRA filing fee | |
US$ | 30,500 | |
| Legal fees and expenses | |
US$ | 65,000 | |
| Accounting fees and expenses | |
US$ | 5,500 | |
| Printing fees and expenses | |
US$ | 22,000 | |
| Miscellaneous | |
US$ | 5,000 | |
| Total | |
US$ | 144,585 | |
| Item 15. | Indemnification of Directors and Officers |
Under the BCBCA, we may indemnify all eligible parties against all
eligible penalties to which such person is or may be liable, and we must, after the final disposition of an eligible proceeding, pay
the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by such person in respect of that proceeding.
For
the purposes of such an indemnification:
“eligible
party,” in relation to the Company, means an individual who
| ● | is
or was a director or officer of the Company; |
| ● | is
or was a director or officer of another corporation |
| ● | at
a time when the corporation is or was an affiliate of the Company, or |
| ● | at
the request of the Company; or |
| ● | at
the request of the Company, is or was, or holds or held a position equivalent to that of,
a director or officer of a partnership, trust, joint venture or other unincorporated entity |
and
includes the heirs and personal or other legal representatives of that individual;
“eligible
penalty” means a judgment, penalty or fine awarded or imposed in, or an amount paid in settlement of, an eligible proceeding;
“ eligible proceeding” means a proceeding in which an
eligible party or any of the heirs and personal or other legal representatives of the eligible party, by reason of the eligible party
being or having been a director or officer of, or holding or having held a position equivalent to that of a director or officer of, the
Company or an associated corporation:
| ● | is
or may be joined as a party, or |
| ● | is
or may be liable for or in respect of a judgment, penalty or fine in, or expenses related
to, the proceeding; |
“expenses” includes costs, charges and expenses, including
legal and other fees, but does not include judgments, penalties, fines or amounts paid in settlement of a proceeding; and
“proceeding”
includes any legal proceeding or investigative action, whether current, threatened, pending or completed.
In addition, under the BCBCA, the Company may pay, as they are incurred
in advance of the final disposition of an eligible proceeding, the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by an eligible party in
respect of that proceeding, provided that the Company first receives from the eligible party a written undertaking that, if it is ultimately
determined that the payment of expenses is prohibited by the restrictions noted below, the eligible party will repay the amounts advanced.
However,
indemnification by the Company is prohibited under the BCBCA if:
| ● | in
relation to the subject matter of the eligible proceeding, the eligible party did not act
honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company or the associated
corporation, as the case may be; |
| ● | in
the case of an eligible proceeding other than a civil proceeding, if the eligible party did
not have reasonable grounds for believing that the eligible party’s conduct in respect
of which the proceeding was brought was lawful; |
| ● | the
indemnity or payment is made under an earlier agreement to indemnify or pay expenses and,
at the time that the agreement to indemnify or pay expenses was made, the Company was prohibited
from giving the indemnity or paying the expenses by its articles; or |
| ● | the
indemnity or payment is made otherwise than under an earlier agreement to indemnify or pay
expenses and, at the time that the indemnity or payment is made, the Company is prohibited
from giving the indemnity or paying the expenses by the Company’s articles. |
In addition, if an eligible proceeding is brought against an eligible
party by or on behalf of the Company or by or on behalf of an associated corporation, the Company must not do either of the following:
| ● | indemnify
the eligible party in respect of the proceeding; or |
| ● | pay
the expenses of the eligible party in respect of the proceeding. |
The BCBCA allows the Company to pay, as they are incurred in advance
of a final disposition of a proceeding, the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the eligible party, provided that the Company
receives from such eligible party an undertaking to repay the amounts advanced if it is ultimately determined that such payment is prohibited.
Following the final disposition of an eligible proceeding, the BCBCA requires the Company to pay the expenses actually and reasonably
incurred by the eligible party in respect of that proceeding if the eligible party has not been reimbursed for those expenses and is
wholly successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the outcome of the proceeding, or is substantially successful on the merits in the
outcome of the proceeding.
Notwithstanding
any of the foregoing, and whether or not payment of expenses or indemnification has been sought, authorized or declined under
the BCBCA, on the application of the Company or an eligible party, the Supreme Court of British Columbia may do one or more of the following:
| ● | order
the Company to indemnify an eligible party against any liability incurred by the eligible
party in respect of an eligible proceeding; |
| ● | order
the Company to pay some or all of the expenses incurred by an eligible party in respect of
an eligible proceeding; |
| ● | order
the enforcement of, or any payment under, an agreement of indemnification entered into by
the Company; |
| ● | order
the Company to pay some or all of the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by any person
in obtaining an order under this section; or |
| ● | make
any other order the court considers appropriate. |
The
BCBCA provides that the Company may purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit of an eligible party (or their heirs and personal
or other legal representatives of the eligible party) against any liability that may be incurred by reason of the eligible party being
or having been a director or officer, or in an equivalent position of ours or that of an associated corporation.
The
Company’s articles provide that it will indemnify any of its directors, former directors, officers, and former officers and other
parties specified by the articles against all costs, charges, and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a
judgment, actually and reasonably incurred by them for any civil, criminal or administrative action or proceeding to which they are or
may be made a party by reason of having been a director or officer.
The
Company has entered into indemnity agreements with each of our officers and directors, pursuant to which the Company is obligated
to indemnify and hold harmless such persons to the greatest extent permitted by law for liabilities arising out of their service to the
Company as directors and officers. However, such indemnification obligations arise only to the extent that the party seeking indemnification
was acting honestly and in good faith with a view to our best interests, and, in the case of criminal or administrative actions or other
non-civil proceedings that are enforced by monetary penalties, that such person had reasonable grounds for believing that his or her
conduct was lawful. Under these indemnification agreements, the Company may advance to the indemnified parties the expenses incurred
in defending any such actions or proceedings.
As permitted by the BCBCA, the Company has purchased directors’
and officers’ liability insurance that, under certain circumstances, insures its directors and officers against the costs of defense,
settlement, or payment of a judgment.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities
Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the Registrant
has been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and
is therefore unenforceable.
The following exhibits are attached hereto:
Exhibit
Number |
|
Description |
| |
|
|
| 1.1* |
|
Form of
Underwriting Agreement |
| 3.1 |
|
Articles
of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K,
filed with the Commission on September 18, 2023) |
| 4.1 |
|
Form of
Indenture (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-3, filed
with the Commission on June 28, 2018 (File No. 333-225969)) |
| 4.2* |
|
Form of
Subscription Receipt |
| 4.3* |
|
Form of
Warrant |
| 4.4* |
|
Form of
Unit |
| 4.5 |
|
Specimen
common share certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8,
filed with the Commission on May 18, 2018 (File No. 333-225056) |
| 5.1 |
|
Opinion
and Consent of Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP |
| 5.2 |
|
Opinion
and Consent of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP |
| 23.1 |
|
Consent
of Davidson & Company LLP |
| 23.2 |
|
Consent
of Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1) |
| 23.3 |
|
Consent
of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP (included in Exhibit 5.2) |
| 24.1 |
|
Powers
of Attorney (included on page II-8 of this Registration Statement) |
| 25.1** |
|
The
Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, of the U.S. Trustee under the Indenture |
| 107 |
|
Filing
Fee Table |
*To
be filed by post-effective amendment or as an exhibit to a report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act
and incorporated herein by reference.
**To be filed pursuant to Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust
Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
| 1. | To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made,
a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: |
| (i) | To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of
the Securities Act of 1933; |
| (ii) | To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after
the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective
amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental
change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities
offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high
end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed
with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in
volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering
price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective
registration statement; |
| (iii) | To include any material information with respect to the plan of
distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change
to such information in the registration statement; |
provided,
however, that the undertakings set forth in paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) above do not apply if the information
required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission
by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated
by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part
of the registration statement.
| 2. | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities
Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration
statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities
at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| 3. | To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment
any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. |
| 4. | That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities
Act of 1933 to any purchaser: |
A. Each
prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of
the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
B. Each
prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance
on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the
information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration
statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of
sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and
any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating
to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall
be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration
statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference
into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract
of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that
was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
| 5. | That, for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant
under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities,
the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned
Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method
used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such
purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will
be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such
purchaser: (i) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant
relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; (ii) any free
writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant
or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrant; (iii) the portion of any other
free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the
undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant;
and (iv) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned
Registrant to the purchaser. |
| 6. | That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities
Act, each filing of the Registrant’s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or
section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee
benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Exchange Act)
that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new
registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such
securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering
thereof. |
| 7. | Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities
Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant
pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that
in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed
in the Securities Act of 1933, and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim
for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of
expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant
in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director,
officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant
will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent,
submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification
by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, and will be governed
by the final adjudication of such issue. |
| 8. | To file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility
of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act
in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under section
305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act. |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the Registrant
certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused
this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Vancouver, Province
of British Columbia, Canada, on September 19, 2023.
| |
ESSA PHARMA INC. |
| |
|
| |
By: |
/s/ David Parkinson |
| |
|
David Parkinson |
| |
|
Chief Executive Officer |
POWERS OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE
PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints David Parkinson and David Wood and each or any one
of them, his, her or their true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him, her
or them and in his, her or their name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this registration
statement, and to sign any registration statement relating to the offering covered by this registration statement and filed pursuant
to Rule 462 under the Securities Act of 1933, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith,
with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority
to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he, she or
they might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or his, her or
their substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Act, this Registration Statement has been signed below by or on behalf of the following persons in the capacities indicated on September 19,
2023.
| Signature |
|
Title |
| |
|
|
| /s/ David Parkinson |
|
President and Chief Executive Officer and Director |
| David Parkinson |
|
(Principal Executive Officer) |
| |
|
|
| /s/ David Wood |
|
Chief Financial Officer |
| David Wood |
|
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |
| |
|
|
| /s/ Richard M. Glickman |
|
Chairman of the Board |
| Richard M. Glickman |
|
|
| |
|
|
| /s/ Marella Thorell |
|
Director |
| Marella Thorell |
|
|
| |
|
|
| /s/ Alex Martin |
|
Director |
| Alex Martin |
|
|
| |
|
|
| /s/ Sandy Zweifach |
|
Director |
| Sandy Zweifach |
|
|
| |
|
|
| /s/ Franklin Berger |
|
Director |
| Franklin Berger |
|
|
| |
|
|
| /s/ Scott Requadt |
|
Director |
| Scott Requadt |
|
|
| |
|
|
| /s/ Gary Sollis |
|
Director |
| Gary Sollis |
|
|
| |
|
|
| /s/ Philip Kantoff |
|
Director |
| Philip Kantoff |
|
|
| |
|
|
| /s/ Lauren Merendino |
|
Director |
| Lauren Merendino |
|
|
AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the undersigned
certifies that it is the duly authorized United States representative of ESSA Pharma Inc. and has duly caused this Registration Statement
to be signed on behalf of it by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Houston, Texas on September 19, 2023.
| |
ESSA Pharmaceuticals Corp.
(Authorized Representative) |
| |
|
| |
By: |
/s/ David Parkinson |
| |
|
David Parkinson |
| |
|
President and Chief Executive Officer |
Exhibit 5.1
 |
Blake,
Cassels & Graydon LLP
Barristers & Solicitors
Patent & Trade-mark Agents
1133 Melville Street
Suite 3500, The Stack
Vancouver, BC V6E 4E5 Canada
Tel: 604-631-3300 Fax: 604-631-3309 |
| |
Reference: 99465/1 |
| September 19, 2023 |
|
| |
|
|
ESSA Pharma Inc.
Suite 720 - 999 West Broadway Street
Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1K5 |
|
RE: ESSA Pharma Inc. - Registration Statement on Form S-3
Dear Sirs and Mesdames:
We have acted as Canadian counsel to ESSA Pharma
Inc., a company formed under the laws of British Columbia (the “Company”), in connection with the preparation and filing
with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) of a Registration Statement (the “Registration
Statement”) on Form S-3 under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”). The
Registration Statement registers the issuance and sale of the Company's common shares (“Shares”), preferred shares
(“Preferred Shares”), debt securities (“Debt Securities”), subscription receipts exercisable for
equity securities and/or other securities (“Subscription Receipts”), warrants to purchase Shares or Debt Securities
(“Warrants”) and units comprised of one or more of the securities described herein, in any combination (“Units”
and collectively, the “Securities”), all of which may be issued from time to time on a delayed or continuous basis
pursuant to Rule 415 under the Act.
The Registration Statement includes a prospectus
(the “Prospectus”), which provides that it will be supplemented in the future by one or more prospectus supplements.
In connection with this opinion, we have examined
the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and such matters of fact and questions of law as we have considered appropriate for purposes
of this letter.
We are qualified to carry on the practice of law
in the Province of British Columbia. Our opinion below is expressed only with respect to the laws of the Province of British Columbia
and the federal laws of Canada applicable therein, in each case, in effect on the date hereof. We express no opinion with respect to the
laws of any other jurisdiction.
We have no responsibility or obligation to (i) update
this opinion, (ii) take into account or inform the addressee or any other person of any changes in law, facts or other developments
subsequent to this date that do or may affect the opinions we express or (iii) advise the addressee or any other person of any other
change in any matter addressed in this opinion. Nor do we have any responsibility or obligation to consider the applicability or correctness
of this opinion to any person other than the addressee.
We have also assumed that: (i) all information
contained in all documents reviewed by us is true and correct, (ii) the genuineness of all signatures on all documents reviewed by
us, (iii) the authenticity and completeness of all documents submitted to us as originals, (iv) the conformity to authentic
originals of all documents submitted to us as certified or photostatic copies, (v) each natural person signing any document reviewed
by us had the legal capacity to do so, none of which facts we have independently verified, (vi) no order, ruling or decision of any
court or regulatory or administrative body is in effect at any relevant time that restricts the issuance of the Securities, (vii) there
is no foreign law that would affect the opinion expressed herein and (viii) at the time of the execution and delivery of any documents
relating to the Securities or the offering thereof, to the extent such documents purport to constitute agreements, such documents constitute
valid and binding obligations of such parties. We also have assumed the due authorization, execution and delivery of all documents where
authorization, execution and delivery are prerequisites to the effectiveness of such documents.
 |
Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP
Barristers & Solicitors
Patent & Trade-mark Agents
1133 Melville Street
Suite 3500, The Stack
Vancouver, BC V6E 4E5 Canada
Tel: 604-631-3300 Fax: 604-631-3309 |
We have also assumed that at all relevant times:
| (a) | the Company has the necessary corporate power and capacity to execute, deliver and perform its obligations
under the terms and conditions of any purchase, underwriting or other agreement, indenture or instrument relating to the Company’s
creation, authentication, issuance, sale and/or delivery of the Securities to which the Company is party (any such agreement, the “Agreement”); |
| (b) | the Company has the necessary corporate power and capacity to authorize, create, authenticate, validly
issue, sell and deliver the Securities and perform its obligations under the terms and conditions of the Securities; |
| (c) | all necessary corporate action has been taken by the Company to duly authorize the execution and delivery
by the Company of the Agreement and the performance of its obligations under the terms and conditions thereof; |
| (d) | all necessary corporate action has been taken by the Company to duly authorize, create, authenticate,
sell, deliver and validly issue the Securities and to perform its obligations under the terms and conditions of the Securities, and all
of the terms and conditions relevant to the execution, delivery and issuance of the Securities in the applicable Agreement have been complied
with; |
| (e) | all necessary corporate action has been taken by the Company to duly authorize the terms of the offering
of the Securities and related matters; |
| (f) | the Agreement (i) has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by all parties thereto and such
parties had the capacity to do so; (ii) constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of all parties thereto; (iii) is enforceable
in accordance with its terms against all parties thereto; and (iv) is governed by the laws of the Province of British Columbia; |
| (g) | the Securities have been duly authorized, created, authenticated, sold and delivered and validly issued
by the Company and any other person signing or authenticating the Securities, as applicable; |
| (h) | the terms of the offering of the Securities and related matters have been duly authorized by the Company; |
| (i) | the Company has complied, and will comply, with Division 8 of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia); |
| (j) | the execution and delivery of the Agreement and the performance by the Company of its obligations under
the terms and conditions thereunder do not and will not conflict with and do not and will not result in a breach of or default under,
and do not and will not create a state of facts which, after notice or lapse of time or both, will conflict with or result in a breach
of or default under any of the terms or conditions of the notice of articles or articles of the Company, any resolutions of the board
of directors or shareholders of the Company, any agreement or obligation of the Company, or applicable law; |
 |
Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP
Barristers & Solicitors
Patent & Trade-mark Agents
1133 Melville Street
Suite 3500, The Stack
Vancouver, BC V6E 4E5 Canada
Tel: 604-631-3300 Fax: 604-631-3309 |
| (k) | the authorization, creation, authentication, sale, delivery and issuance of the Securities and the Company’s
performance of its obligations under the terms and conditions of the Securities do not and will not conflict with and do not and will
not result in a breach of or default under, and do not and will not create a state of facts which, after notice or lapse of time or both,
will conflict with or result in a breach of or default under any of the terms or conditions of the notice of articles or articles of the
Company, any resolutions of the board of directors or shareholders of the Company, any agreement or obligation of the Company, or applicable
law; and |
| (l) | the terms of the offering of the Securities and related matters do not and will not conflict with and
do not and will not result in a breach of or default under, and do not and will not create a state of facts which, after notice or lapse
of time or both, will conflict with or result in a breach of or default under any of the terms or conditions of the notice of articles
or articles of the Company, any resolutions of the board of directors or shareholders of the Company, any agreement or obligation of the
Company, or applicable law. |
Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the qualifications,
assumptions and limitations stated herein, we are of the opinion that, upon payment for the applicable Securities provided for in the
applicable Agreement and when issued, sold and delivered and in accordance with such Agreement, (i) the Shares and Preferred Shares
will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares in the capital of the Company and (ii) the Debt Securities, Subscription
Receipts, Warrants and Units will be validly issued by, and will be binding obligations of, the Company.
This opinion letter has been prepared for your
use in connection with the Registration Statement and is expressed as of the date hereof. Our opinion is expressly limited to the matters
set forth above and we render no opinion, whether by implication or otherwise, as to any other matters relating to the Company, the Prospectus,
the Registration Statement or the Securities.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion
letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to this firm on the cover page and under the captions “Enforceability
of Civil Liabilities” and “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus. In giving this consent, we do not hereby agree that we
are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the
SEC promulgated thereunder.
Yours very truly,
“Blake Cassels & Graydon LLP”
Exhibit 5.2
[Letterhead of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher &
Flom LLP]
September 19, 2023
ESSA
Pharma Inc.
Suite 720, 999 West Broadway
Vancouver, British Columbia
Canada V5Z 1K5
| Re: | ESSA Pharma Inc.
Registration Statement on Form S-3 |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as special United States counsel to
ESSA Pharma Inc., a corporation organized under the laws of British Columbia (the “Company”), in connection with the registration
statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) to be filed on the date hereof by the Company with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”). The Registration
Statement relates to the issuance and sale by the Company from time to time, pursuant to Rule 415 of the General Rules and Regulations
of the Commission promulgated under the Securities Act (the “Rules and Regulations”), of debt securities of the Company
(“Debt Securities”), which may be issued in one or more series under an indenture (the “Indenture”) proposed to
be entered into by the Company and the trustee to be named therein, the form of which is filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement,
and other securities of the Company.
This opinion is being furnished in accordance with
the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act. In rendering the opinions stated herein, we have examined
and relied upon the following:
(a) the
Registration Statement; and
(b) the
form of Indenture filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement.
We have also examined originals or copies, certified
or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such records of the Company, and such agreements, certificates and receipts of public
officials, certificates of officers or other representatives of the Company and others, and such other documents as we have deemed necessary
or appropriate as a basis for the opinions stated below.
In our examination, we have assumed the genuineness
of all signatures, including electronic signatures, the legal capacity and competency of all natural persons, the authenticity of all
documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as facsimile, electronic,
certified or photocopied copies and the authenticity of the originals of such copies. As to any facts relevant to the opinions stated
herein that we did not independently establish or verify, we have relied upon statements and representations of officers and other representatives
of the Company and others and of public officials.
We do not express any opinion with respect to the
laws of any jurisdiction other than the laws of the State of New York (“Opined-on Law”). We do not express any opinion as
to the effect of any non-Opined-on Law on the opinions stated herein.
As used herein “Transaction Documents”
means the Indenture and the supplemental indentures thereto.
ESSA Pharma Inc.
September 19, 2023
Page 2
The opinion stated in paragraph 1 below presumes
that all of the following (collectively, the “general conditions”) shall have occurred prior to the issuance of any series
of Debt Securities referred to therein: (i) the Registration Statement, as finally amended (including all necessary post-effective
amendments), has become effective under the Securities Act; (ii) an appropriate prospectus supplement or term sheet with respect
to such Securities has been prepared, delivered and filed in compliance with the Securities Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations;
(iii) the applicable Transaction Documents shall have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and the other parties
thereto, including, if such Securities are to be sold or otherwise distributed pursuant to a firm commitment underwritten offering, the
underwriting agreement or purchase agreement with respect thereto; (iv) the Board of Directors of the Company, including any duly
authorized committee thereof, shall have taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and sale of such Securities and
related matters and appropriate officers of the Company have taken all related action as directed by or under the direction of the Board
of Directors of the Company; and (v) the terms of the applicable Transaction Documents and the issuance and sale of such Securities
have been duly established in conformity with the articles of incorporation of the Company so as not to violate any applicable law, the
articles of incorporation of the Company or the bylaws of the Company, or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument
binding upon the Company, and so as to comply with any requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction
over the Company.
Based upon the foregoing and subject to the qualifications
and assumptions stated herein, we are of the opinion that:
1. With
respect to any series of Debt Securities offered by the Company, including such indeterminate amount of Debt Securities as may be issued
upon conversion or exchange of such series (the “Offered Debt Securities”), when (a) the general conditions shall have
been satisfied, (b) the Indenture has been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, (c) the issuance, sale and terms
of the Offered Debt Securities and related matters have been approved and established in conformity with the applicable Transaction Documents
and (d) the certificates evidencing the Offered Debt Securities have been issued in a form that complies with the provisions of the
applicable Transaction Documents and have been duly executed and authenticated in accordance with the provisions of the Indenture and
any other applicable Transaction Documents and issued and sold or otherwise distributed in accordance with the provisions of the applicable
Transaction Documents upon payment of the agreed-upon consideration therefor, the Offered Debt Securities will constitute valid and binding
obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms under the laws of the State of New
York.
The opinion stated herein is subject to the following
qualifications:
(i) we
do not express any opinion with respect to the effect on the opinion stated herein of any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium,
fraudulent transfer, preference and other similar laws or governmental orders affecting creditors’ rights generally, and the opinion
stated herein is limited by such laws and orders and by general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in equity
or at law);
(ii) we
do not express any opinion with respect to any law, rule or regulation that is applicable to any party to any of the Transaction
Documents or the transactions contemplated thereby solely because such law, rule or regulation is part of a regulatory regime applicable
to any such party or any of its affiliates as a result of the specific assets or business operations of such party or such affiliates;
(iii) except
to the extent expressly stated in the opinions contained herein, we have assumed that each of the Transaction Documents constitutes the
valid and binding obligation of each party to such Transaction Document, enforceable against such party in accordance with its terms;
(iv) we
do not express any opinion with respect to the enforceability of any provision contained in any Transaction Document relating to any indemnification,
contribution, non-reliance, exculpation, release, limitation or exclusion of remedies, waiver or other provisions having similar effect
that may be contrary to public policy or violative of federal or state securities laws, rules or regulations, or to the extent any
such provision purports to, or has the effect of, waiving or altering any statute of limitations;
ESSA Pharma Inc.
September 19, 2023
Page 3
(v) we
do not express any opinion with respect to the enforceability of any provision of any Transaction Document to the extent that such section
purports to bind the Company to the exclusive jurisdiction of any particular federal court or courts;
(vi) we
call to your attention that irrespective of the agreement of the parties to any Transaction Document, a court may decline to hear a case
on grounds of forum non conveniens or other doctrine limiting the availability of such court as a forum for resolution of disputes; in
addition, we call to your attention that we do not express any opinion with respect to the subject matter jurisdiction of the federal
courts of the United States of America in any action arising out of or relating to any Transaction Document;
(vii) we
have assumed that the Indenture will be duly authorized, executed and delivered by the trustee in substantially the form reviewed by us;
(viii) we
have assumed that any agent of service will have accepted appointment as agent to receive service of process and call to your attention
that we do not express any opinion if and to the extent such agent shall resign such appointment. Further, we do not express any opinion
with respect to the irrevocability of the designation of such agent to receive service of process;
(ix) we
have assumed that the choice of New York law to govern the Indenture and any supplemental indenture thereto is a valid and legal provision;
(x) we
call to your attention that the opinion stated herein is subject to possible judicial action giving effect to governmental actions or
laws of jurisdictions other than those with respect to which we express our opinion;
(xi) we
do not express any opinion with respect to the enforceability of any provision contained in any Transaction Document providing for indemnity
by any party thereto against any loss in obtaining the currency due to such party under any Transaction Document from a court judgment
in another currency; and
(xii) to
the extent that any opinion relates to the enforceability of the choice of New York law and choice of New York forum provisions contained
in any Transaction Document, the opinions stated herein are subject to the qualification that such enforceability may be subject to, in
each case, (i) the exceptions and limitations in New York General Obligations Law sections 5-1401 and 5-1402 and (ii) principles
of comity and constitutionality.
In addition, in rendering the foregoing opinions
we have assumed that:
(a) the
Company (i) is duly incorporated and is validly existing and in good standing, (ii) has requisite legal status and legal capacity
under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization and (iii) has complied and will comply with all aspects of the laws of the
jurisdiction of its organization in connection with the transactions contemplated by, and the performance of its obligations under, the
Transaction Documents;
(b) the
Company has the corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform all its obligations under each of the Transaction Documents;
(c) neither
the execution and delivery by the Company of the Transaction Documents nor the performance by the Company of its obligations thereunder,
including the issuance and sale of the applicable Securities: (i) conflicts or will conflict with the articles of incorporation and
bylaws of the Company, (ii) constitutes or will constitute a violation of, or a default under, any lease, indenture agreement or
other instrument to which the Company or its property is subject, (iii) contravenes or will contravene any order or decree of any
governmental authority to which the Company or its property is subject, or (iv) violates or will violate any law, rule or regulation
to which the Company or its property is subject (except that we do not make the assumption set forth in this clause (iv) with respect
to the Opined-on Law); and
ESSA Pharma Inc.
September 19, 2023
Page 4
(d) neither
the execution and delivery by the Company of the Transaction Documents nor the performance by the Company of its obligations thereunder,
including the issuance and sale of the applicable Securities, requires or will require the consent, approval, licensing or authorization
of, or any filing, recording or registration with, any governmental authority under any law, rule or regulation of any jurisdiction.
We hereby consent to the reference to our firm under
the heading “Legal Matters” in the prospectus forming part of the Registration Statement. We also hereby consent to the filing
of this opinion with the Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that
we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the Rules and Regulations.
This opinion is expressed as of the date hereof unless otherwise expressly stated, and we disclaim any undertaking to advise you of any
subsequent changes in the facts stated or assumed herein or of any subsequent changes in applicable laws.
| |
Very truly yours, |
| |
|
| |
/s/ Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP |
MJH
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT
OF Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the incorporation by reference in
this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of ESSA Pharma Inc. (the “Company) of our report dated December 12, 2022, relating
to the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, and the related consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive
loss, cash flows and changes in shareholders’ equity for the years ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 and the reference to our
name in the “Experts” section in the Company’s Registration Statement filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
on September 19, 2023.
/s/ DAVIDSON & COMPANY LLP
| Vancouver, Canada |
Chartered Professional Accountants |
| |
|
| September 19, 2023 |
|
EX-FILING FEES
Calculation of Filing
Fee Tables
Form S-3
(Form Type)
ESSA PHARMA INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant
as Specified in its Charter)
Table 1: Newly
Registered Securities
In U.S. Dollars
Security
Type | |
Security
Class
Title | |
Fee
Calculation
Rule | | |
Amount
Registered | | |
Proposed
Maximum
Offering
Price Per
Share | | |
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering
Price | | |
Fee
Rate | | |
Amount of
Registration
Fee | |
| Equity | |
Common shares, without par value | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | |
| Equity | |
Preferred shares, without par value | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | |
| Debt | |
Debt securities | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | |
| Other | |
Subscription receipts | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | |
| Other | |
Warrants | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | |
| Other | |
Units | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | | |
— | |
| Unallocated (Universal)
Shelf | |
— | |
457(o) | | |
| (1) | |
| (1) | |
$ | 200,000,000 | (2) | |
$ | 0.0001102 | | |
$ | 22,040.00 | |
| Total Offering Amounts | | |
| | |
$ | 200,000,000 | | |
| | | |
$ | 22,040.00 | |
| Total Fees Previously
Paid | | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| — | |
| Total Fee Offsets | | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
$ | 5,455.00 | |
| Net
Fee Due(3) | | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
$ | 16,585.00 | |
| (1) |
There are being registered under this Registration Statement such indeterminate number of common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, subscription receipts, warrants, and units of ESSA Pharma Inc. (the “Registrant”), and a combination of such securities, separately or as units, as may be sold by the Registrant from time to time, which collectively, shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $200,000,000 (or its equivalent in any other currency used to denominate the securities). Pursuant to Rule 416 under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, subscription receipts, warrants, and units as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends, or similar transactions. The proposed maximum initial offering price per security will be determined, from time to time, by the Registrant in connection with the sale of the securities under this Registration Statement. |
| (2) |
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act. |
| (3) |
A registration fee of $21,820.00 was previously paid with respect to securities registered under the Registrant's registration statement on Form S-3 filed on November 25, 2020, as amended on December 23, 2020, and declared effective on December 29, 2020 (File No. 333-250967) (the “Prior Registration Statement”), pertaining to the registration of $200,000,000 of securities of the Registrant, of which $50,000,015.00 remains unutilized and therefore, available for future registration fees pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act. As the total filing fee required for this Registration Statement is $22,040.00, taking into consideration the available offset of $5,455.00 from the Prior Registration Statement, the Registrant has accordingly transmitted $16,585.00 otherwise due for this Registration Statement. |
Table 2: Fee Offset Claims and Sources
In U.S. Dollars
| | |
Registrant
or Filer
Name | |
Form or
Filing
Type | |
File
Number | |
Initial Filing
Date | |
Filing Date | |
Fee Offset
Claimed | |
Security
Type
Associated
with Fee
Offset
Claimed | |
Security
Title
Associated
with Fee
Offset
Claimed | |
Unsold
Securities
Associated
with Fee
Offset
Claimed | |
Unsold
Aggregate
Offering Amount
Associated with
Fee Offset
Claimed | |
Fee Paid with
Fee Offset
Source |
|
| Rule 457(p) |
|
| Fee Offset Claims | |
ESSA Pharma Inc. | |
S-3 | |
333-250971 | |
November 25, 2020 | |
| |
$ |
5.455.00 | (1) |
Unallocated (Universal) Shelf | |
Unallocated (Universal) Shelf | |
Unallocated (Universal) Shelf | |
$ |
50,000,015.00 | |
|
|
| Fee Offset Sources | |
ESSA Pharma Inc. | |
S-3 | |
333-250971 | |
| |
November 25, 2020 | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
$ |
5,455.00 |
(1) |
| (1) | This amount is based upon $50,000,015.00 of unsold securities. |
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