Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
(3) | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
The summary of significant accounting policies included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 28, 2024 (the “Annual Report”) has not materially changed, except as set forth below. (a) | Interim Financial Statements |
The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Any references in these notes to applicable guidance are meant to refer to GAAP as found in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying interim financial statements include all the normal and recurring adjustments (which consist primarily of accruals, estimates, and assumptions that impact financial statements) considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2024 and its results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Certain information and disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, but that is not required for interim reporting purposes, have been condensed or omitted. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related notes as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, which are included in the Annual Report. The December 31, 2023 balance sheet has been derived from the audited financial statements. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for a full year, any other interim periods or any future year or period. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from such estimates. Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary. Significant areas that require management’s estimates include the fair value of the Company’s common stock prior to the completion of the Company’s initial public offering, stock-based compensation expense assumptions and accrued research and development expenses. (c) | Fair Value Measurements |
The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. The Company determines fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which are categorized in one of the following levels: | • | Level 1 Inputs: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date. |
| • | Level 2 Inputs: Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. |
| • | Level 3 Inputs: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. |
Management believes that the carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, principally cash equivalents and accounts payable, approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of those instruments. Basic net loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted net loss per share of common stock includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as convertible preferred stock and stock options, which would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock. For diluted net loss per share, the weighted- average number of shares of common stock is the same for basic net loss per share since when a net loss exists, potentially dilutive securities are not included in the calculation as their impact is anti-dilutive. The Company’s convertible preferred stock entitled the holder to participate in dividends and earnings of the Company, and, if the Company had recognized net income, it would have used the two-class method to calculate earnings per share. The two-class method was not applicable during periods with a net loss, as the holders of the convertible preferred stock had no obligation to fund losses. The following table sets forth the computation of net loss, basic and diluted (in thousands, except share and per share data): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | | | | September 30, | | September 30, | | | | 2024 | | 2023 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | Numerator: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Net loss | | $ | (20,564) | | $ | (14,401) | | $ | (59,855) | | $ | (48,140) | | Denominator: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding | | | 33,581,810 | | | 2,607,192 | | | 30,720,711 | | | 2,603,861 | | Less: Weighted-average shares of common stock subject to repurchase | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (654,264) | | Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding, basic and diluted | | | 33,581,810 | | | 2,607,192 | | | 30,720,711 | | | 1,949,597 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted | | $ | (0.61) | | $ | (5.52) | | $ | (1.95) | | $ | (24.69) | |
The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding, as they would be anti-dilutive: | | | | | | | | Nine Months Ended | | | | September 30, | | | | 2024 | | 2023 | | Series A convertible preferred stock (as converted to common stock) | | — | | 9,861,923 | | Series B convertible preferred stock (as converted to common stock) | | — | | 9,705,383 | | Stock options | | 2,527,417 | | 1,777,093 | | | | 2,527,417 | | 21,344,399 | |
(e) | Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted |
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This standard includes the requirements that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, the title and position of the chief operating decision maker, and an explanation of how the chief operating decision maker uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. It also requires that a public entity that has a single reportable segment provide all the disclosures required by the guidance and all existing segment disclosures in ASC 280, Segment Reporting. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments in the guidance retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Upon transition, the segment expense categories and amounts disclosed in the prior periods should be based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this standard may have on its financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This standard includes the requirement that public business entities, on an annual basis, disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5% of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income (or loss) by the applicable statutory income tax rate). It also requires that all entities disclose, on an annual basis, the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes and the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid (net of refunds received) is equal to or greater than 5% of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received) and requires that all entities disclose income (or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign and income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign. Lastly, this standard eliminates the requirement for all entities to disclose the nature and estimate of the range of the reasonably possible change in the unrecognized tax benefits balance in the next 12 months or make a statement that an estimate of the range cannot be made. This standard is effective for the Company for the annual period beginning January 1, 2026. Early adoption is permitted. This standard should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this standard may have on its financial statements. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures: Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This standard requires the disclosure of more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions, such as research and development, and general and administrative expenses. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027 and may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this standard may have on its financial statements. On January 23, 2024, the Company filed an amendment to its Articles of Incorporation and effected a 15.21-for-1 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock. All common stock share and per-share amounts presented in the financial statements and related notes have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split. (g) License and Collaboration Agreements The Company analyzes its license and collaborative agreements to assess whether they are within the scope of ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements (“ASC 808”) to determine whether such arrangements involve joint operating activities performed by parties that are both active participants in the activities and exposed to significant risks and rewards that are dependent on the commercial success of such activities. To the extent the arrangement is within the scope of ASC 808, the Company assesses whether aspects of the arrangement are within the scope of other accounting literature. If the Company concludes that some or all aspects of the arrangement represent a transaction with a customer, it accounts for those aspects of the arrangement within the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. None of the license and collaborative agreements discussed in Note 9 represent transactions with customers. If the Company concludes that some or all aspects of the arrangement are within the scope of ASC 808 and do not represent a transaction with a customer, it recognizes costs incurred as a component of the related expense in the period incurred. The arrangements may also require the Company to make payments on achievement of certain milestones, including clinical, regulatory, and development milestones. Clinical, regulatory, and development milestones are recognized as research and development expense only when such milestones are deemed probable of being achieved.
|