NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Nature of Business
Firefish, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the State of Nevada on April 29, 2008 (“Inception”). The Company’s primary operations are in India.
The Company offers mobile and internet marketing services to retailers. The Company also offers educational services to young learners and young adults. On an annual basis, in January and February the Company hosts an English, Math and Science competency competition referred to as the Primary Olympiad.
2. Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. The Company, however, as of March 31, 2013 has incurred cumulative net losses of $693,205 since inception and has a working capital deficit of $220,456. The Company currently has limited liquidity, and does not yet have enough revenues sufficient to cover operating costs over an extended period of time. These factors cause substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, it could be forced to cease operations.
Management anticipates that the Company will be dependent, for the foreseeable future, on additional investment capital to fund operating expenses. The Company intends to position itself so that it may be able to raise additional funds through the capital markets. In light of management’s efforts, there are no assurances that the Company will be successful in this or any of its endeavors or become financially viable and continue as a going concern.
The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to successfully accomplish the plans described in the preceding paragraph and eventually secure other sources of financing and attain profitable operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.
3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The accounting policies of the Company are in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and are presented in United States dollars (“USD”) using the accrual basis of accounting. Outlined below are those policies considered particularly significant.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
FIREFISH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Fair Value Measurements
The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for current assets and current liabilities approximate the fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturities of the financial instruments.
Fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The guidance also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability. The guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 - Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
Level 2 - Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
Assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. The Company reviews the fair value hierarchy classification on a quarterly basis. Changes in the observability of valuation inputs may result in a reclassification of levels for certain securities within the fair value hierarchy.
As of March 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company' s cash was considered a level 1 instrument and at March 31, 2013 the derivative liability was considered a level 2 instrument. See Note 3 for valuation techniques and assumptions used for the derivative liability. The Company does not have any level 3 instruments.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary Firefish Networks Private Limited, an entity formed under the laws of the nation of India. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation.
Basic (Loss) per Common Share
Basic (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the Company’s net loss applicable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing the Company’s net income available to common shareholders by the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. The diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding is the basic weighted number of shares adjusted for any potentially dilutive debt or equity. There are none and 133,334 common stock equivalents from outstanding warrants as of March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. As of March 31, 2013, there 21,254,902 potentially dilutive shares in connection with convertible notes payable. These potentially dilutive shares are excluded because they are considered anti-dilutive.
FIREFISH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the Statement of Cash Flows, the Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents to the extent the funds are not being held for investment purposes.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are reported net of allowance for expected losses. It represents the amount management expects to collect from outstanding balances. Differences between the amount due and the amount management expects to collect are charged to operations in the year in which those differences are determined, with an offsetting entry to a valuation allowance. As of March 31, 2013 and 2012, there have been no such charges.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenues from (1) consulting, educational and text message marketing services and (2) sponsored competition entry fees when (a) persuasive evidence that an agreement exists; (b) the products or services has been delivered or completed; (c) the prices are fixed and determinable and not subject to refund or adjustment; and (d) collection of the amounts due is reasonably assured. Revenues from consulting, educational and marketing services are generally recognized when the services have been performed as long as the other criteria have been met. Revenues from educational sponsored events, such as our English Olympiad, are recognized when the event has taken place. Revenues from the resale of educational materials are recognized when shipped to the customer and all other tests of revenue recognition disclosed above are met. As of March 31, 2013 and 2012, we have no deferred revenues or costs related to our annual English Olympiad our competition took place in January and February and all previously deferred revenues and costs were recognized. As of March 31, 2012, the Company had deferred revenue of $6,905 recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the accompanying balance sheet related to an educational training course in which payment had been received but the course had not been presented.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The Company recorded Other Comprehensive Income for the year ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 of $1,378 and $(6,996), respectively, as the result of currency translation adjustments.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The provisions of ASC 815 - “Derivatives and Hedging” applies to any freestanding financial instruments or embedded features that have the characteristics of a derivative, as defined ASC 815 and to any freestanding financial instruments that are potentially settled in an entity's own common stock. The guidance impacts the Company's consolidated financial statements and position due to embedded conversion feature on a note payable in which the conversion price resets at current market prices.
FIREFISH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Convertible Debt
If a conversion feature of conventional convertible debt is not accounted for as a derivative instrument and provides for a rate of conversion that is below market value, this feature is characterized as a beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”). A BCF is recorded by the Company as a debt discount. In those circumstances, the convertible debt will be recorded net of the discount related to the BCF. The Company amortizes the discount to interest expense over the life of the debt using the effective interest method.
Advertising Costs
The Company’s policy regarding advertising is to expense advertising when incurred.
Income Taxes
The Company follows ASC 740, Income Taxes for recording the provision for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based upon the difference between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rate applicable when the related asset or liability is expected to be realized or settled. Deferred income tax expenses or benefits are based on the changes in the asset or liability each period. If available evidence suggests that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is required to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Future changes in such valuation allowance are included in the provision for deferred income taxes in the period of change.
Deferred income taxes may arise from temporary differences resulting from income and expense items reported for financial accounting and tax purposes in different periods. Deferred taxes are classified as current or non-current, depending on the classification of assets and liabilities to which they relate. Deferred taxes arising from temporary differences that are not related to an asset or liability are classified as current or non-current depending on the periods in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse.
In addition, the calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. We recognize liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. While the Company believes it has appropriate support for the positions taken on its tax returns, the Company regularly assesses the potential outcomes of examinations by tax authorities in determining the adequacy of its provision for income taxes. The Company continually assesses the likelihood and amount of potential adjustments and adjusts the income tax provision, income taxes payable and deferred taxes in the period in which the facts that give rise to a revision become known.
FIREFISH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2013
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax expense at statutory rate
|
|
$
|
(127,642
|
)
|
|
$
|
(34,663
|
)
|
Permanent differences
|
|
|
76,081
|
|
|
|
1,192
|
|
Valuation allowance
|
|
|
51,561
|
|
|
|
33,471
|
|
Income tax expense per books
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Net deferred tax assets consist of the following components as of:
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2013
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOL Carryover
|
|
$
|
99,965
|
|
|
$
|
71,070
|
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
63,873
|
|
|
|
41,207
|
|
Valuation allowance
|
|
|
(163,838
|
|
|
|
(112,277
|
)
|
Net deferred tax asset
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
During the years ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, the valuation allowance increased by $51,561 and $33,471, respectively. At March 31, 2013 the Company had approximately $321,913 of federal and state gross net operating losses available. The net operating loss carry forward, if not utilized, will begin to expire in 2031 for federal purposes and 2021 for state purposes.
Based on the available objective evidence, including the Company’s limited operating history and current liabilities in excess of assets, management believes it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets at March 31, 2013, will not be fully realizable. Due to the uncertainty surrounding realization of the deferred tax asset, the Company has provided a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets at March 31, 2013.
The Company files income tax returns in the Indian jurisdiction only. Income tax returns filed for fiscal years 2009 and earlier are not subject to examination by U.S. federal state tax authorities. Income tax returns for fiscal years 2009 through 2013 remain open to examination by tax authorities in India. The Company believes that it has made adequate provisions for all income tax uncertainties pertaining to these open tax years.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances are present, the Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less costs to sell.
FIREFISH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Stock-based Compensation
As of March 31, 2013, the Company has not issued any share-based payments to its employees or third-party consultants.
The Company will account for stock options issued to employees and consultants under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718 “Compensation-Stock Compensation”. Under ASC 718, share-based compensation cost to employees is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the employee's requisite vesting period.
The Company will measure compensation expense for its non-employee stock-based compensation under ASC 505 “Equity”. The fair value of the option issued or committed to be issued is used to measure the transaction, as this is more reliable than the fair value of the services received. The fair value is measured at the value of the Company's common stock on the date that the commitment for performance by the counterparty has been reached or the counterparty's performance is complete. The fair value of the equity instrument is charged directly to stock-based compensation expense and credited to additional paid-in capital.
Concentration of Risks
The Company maintains its cash accounts in a commercial bank. The total cash balances held in a commercial bank are secured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250,000, although on January 1, 2014 this amount is scheduled to return to $100,000 per depositor, per insured bank.
During the year ended March 31, 2013, one customer accounted for 36% of revenues. During the year ended March 31, 2012 two customers accounted for 12% and 58% of revenues. Management believes the loss of these organizations would not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Foreign Exchange
The consolidated financial statements are presented in United States Dollars, (“USD”), the reporting currency. The functional currency for the financial statements is Indian Rupees and in accordance with ASC Topic 830, "Foreign Currency Matters", foreign denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated to their USD equivalents using foreign exchange rates which prevailed at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates prevailing at the transaction date. Revenue and expenses were translated at the prevailing rate of exchange at the date of the transaction. Related translation adjustments are reported as a separate component of stockholder’s deficit, whereas gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in results of operations.
New Accounting Pronouncements
The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect and that may impact its financial statements and does not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
FIREFISH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
I
n June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): “Presentation of Comprehensive Income”, or ASU 2011-05. The amendments in this ASU require an entity to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. ASU 2011-05 eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of equity. ASU 2011-05 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2011, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2011-05 on our consolidated financial statements.
3. Convertible Notes
On February 28, 2012, the Company borrowed $27,500, of which $25,000 in proceeds were received, under a short-term convertible note with a third party. Under the terms of the agreement, the note incurs interest at 8% per annum and is due on November 30, 2012. . During the year ended March 31, 2013, the holder converted $15,600 into 9,750,000 shares of common stock and repaid the remaining balance of $11,900 and accrued interest thereon in full satisfaction of the note.
On May 18, 2012, the Company borrowed $27,500, of which $25,000 in proceeds were received, under a short-term convertible note with a third party. Under the terms of the agreement, the note incurs interest at 8% per annum and is due on February 22, 2013. In February 2013, the Company repaid the note and accrued interest totaling $29,195 in full satisfaction of the note.
On September 11, 2012, the Company borrowed $32,500, of which $30,000 in proceeds were, received, under a short-term convertible note with a third party. Under the terms of the agreement, the note incurs interest at 8% per annum and is due on June 13, 2013. During March 2013, the holder converted $5,400 into 5,400,000 shares of common stock. As of March 31, 2013, the balance due on the convertible note was $27,100. Subsequent to March 31, 2013, $4,400 of principal was converted and the remaining $22,700 in principal plus accrued interest was repaid.
The notes are convertible into common shares after six months and the conversion price is calculated by multiplying 51% (49% discount to market) by the lowest closing bid price during the 30 days prior to the conversion date. The notes were used to fund operations.
Since the conversion feature is only convertible after six month, there is no derivative liability at the notes inception. However, the Company accounts for the derivative liability upon the passage of time and the note becoming convertible if not extinguished, as defined above. Derivative accounting applies upon the conversion feature being available to the holder as it is variable and does not have a floor as to the number of common shares in which could be converted.
In addition, the fees paid to the lender, $2,500 for each note totaling $7,500, were accounted for as an on issuance discount resulting in a $7,500 discount. The discount is being amortized over the term of the notes. During the year ended March 31, 2013, the full $7,500 discount was amortized over the course of the year.
FIREFISH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
4. Derivative Liabilities
Commencing August 28, 2012, November 18, 2012 and March 11, 2013, the Company's $27,500, $27,500 and $32,500 convertible notes issued on February 28, 2012, May 18, 2012 and September 11, 2012, respectively were convertible into common stock. The Company determined that since the conversion price was variable and does not contain a floor, the conversion feature represented a derivative liability.
Upon conversion of all or a portion of the convertible note, the derivative liability associated with the principal converted is valued immediately before conversion using the Black-Scholes model. The change in fair value of the derivative liability associated with the principal converted is recorded as a gain/loss on fair value of derivative liability in the accompanying statement of operation, with the remaining value of that portion of the derivative liability written off with a corresponding credit to additional paid-in capital.
Note issued February 28, 2012
The Company calculated the derivative liability using the Black-Scholes pricing model for the note upon the initial date the note became convertible and recorded the fair market value of the derivative liability of $60,941, resulting in a full discount to the note, with the excess fair value of the derivative liability over the convertible note of $33,441 charged immediately to expense. The discount has been amortized over the term of the note. During the year ended March 31, 2013, $27,500 of the discount was amortized to interest expense, with no remaining unamortized discount.
During the year ended March 31, 2013, the holder of the convertible notes converted $15,600 of principal into common stock. The derivative liability of $98,894 associated with the converted principal was credited to additional paid-in capital at the time of conversion. On November 29, 2012, the Company repaid the remaining $11,900 of the note’s principal. The derivative liability of $26,969 associated with the extinguished principal was credit to additional paid-in capital.
Based on this revaluation of the derivative liability at each quarters end and the revaluation of derivative liabilities measured during the period immediately before extinguishment of associated convertible note, the Company recognized a loss in fair value of derivative liability of $98,363 during the year ended March 31, 2013 which includes the day one charge, revalue at dates of conversion and repayment, and the marking to fair value at each quarter end in which the note was outstanding. See the table below for the range of inputs used to determine the value of the derivatively liability using the Black-Scholes pricing model.
Note issued May 18, 2012
The Company calculated the derivative liability using the Black-Scholes pricing model for the note upon the initial date the note became convertible and recorded the fair market value of the derivative liability of $74,193, resulting in a full discount to the note, with the excess fair value of the derivative liability over the convertible note of $46,636 charged immediately to expense. The discount has been amortized over the term of the note. During the year ended March 31, 2013, $27,500 of the discount was amortized to interest expense, with no remaining unamortized discount.
The note was paid in February 2013, and the derivative liability was revalued at $26,422 and reclassed to additional paid in capital. Based on the revaluation of the derivative liability as of the date of extinguishment, the Company recognized a gain in fair value of derivative liability of $1,078 during the year ended March 31, 2013 which includes the day one charge. See the table below for the range of inputs used to determine the value of the derivatively liability using the Black-Scholes pricing model.
FIREFISH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note issued September 11, 2012
The Company calculated the derivative liability using the Black-Scholes pricing model for the note upon the initial date the note became convertible and recorded the fair market value of the derivative liability of $47,885, resulting in a full discount to the note, with the excess fair value of the derivative liability over the convertible note of $15,385 charged immediately to expense. The discount is being amortized over the term of the note. During the year ended March 31, 2013, $10,833 of the discount was amortized to interest expense, with remaining unamortized discount of $21,667 as of March 31, 2013.
During the year ended March 31, 2013, the holder of the convertible notes converted $5,400 of principal into common stock. The derivative liability of $7,722 associated with the converted principal was credited to additional paid-in capital at the time of conversion.
Based on the revaluation of the derivative liability as of March 31, 2013, the Company recognized a loss in fair value of derivative liability of $23,704 during the year ended March 31, 2013 which includes the day one charge. See the table below for the range of inputs used to determine the value of the derivative liability using the Black-Scholes pricing model.
|
|
Range of Inputs
Used During
the Year Ended
March 31, 2013
|
|
Annual dividend yield
|
|
|
-
|
|
Expected life (years)
|
|
|
0.01 - 0.26
|
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
|
0.02 - 0.17
|
%
|
Expected volatility
|
|
|
221.2 - 465.2
|
%
|
5. Long-term Debt
On December 8, 2012 the Company borrowed $11,993 from an individual under a long-term note. Under the terms of the note agreement, the note incurs zero percent interest and cannot be called prior to April 2, 2014. As of March 31, 2013, imputed interest on the note is insignificant. Subsequent to March 31, 2013, the note was repaid.
6. Common Stock
On May 21, 2010, Genesis Venture Fund India, LLP (“Genesis”), a related party due to significant holdings of the Company’s common stock, completed a partial exercise of its warrants to purchase 10,000,000 common shares of the Company at $0.045 per share by tendering $10,000 for the purchase of 222,220 shares. On June 16, 2010, Genesis exercised warrants for an additional 222,220 shares at $0.045 per share for $10,000.
Under the initial terms of an agreement with Genesis Venture Fund India, LLP (“Genesis”), a related party due to significant holdings of the Company’s common stock, 1,333,340 warrants were due to expire on June 29, 2010. On June 29, 2010, the Company extended the expiration date of warrants to purchase 1,333,340 shares of common stock until August 15, 2011. On August 1, 2011, the Company extended the expiration date of warrants to purchase 1,333,340 shares of common stock until October 15, 2011. On December 21, 2011, the Company further extended the expiration date of the warrants to purchase 1,333,340 shares of common stock until March 31, 2012 for consideration of $2,000. The warrants expired without exercise on March 31, 2012.
FIREFISH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
On April 5, 2012, the Company amended the articles of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares from 100,000,000 to 1,000,000,000 shares. In addition, effective April 18, 2012, the Company enacted a forward stock split of 10 to 1 shares. All share and per share amounts included herein have been changed to reflect this forward stock split.
In February 2013, the Company sold 3,300,000 shares of common stock at $0.01 to a third party for net proceeds of $32,970.
7. Related Party Transactions
An officer of the Company has agreed to pay for certain costs in connection with the Company’s public filing requirements. These costs included legal and accounting fees. During the years ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 this officer paid $0 and $2,500 of these fees, respectively. The Company accounts for these amounts as a contribution of capital to additional paid-in capital.
In addition, the Company has an at-will employment agreement with its Chief Executive Officer. Under the terms of the agreement the Chief Executive Officer is paid a salary of $5,000 per month plus taxes. As of March 31, 2013 and 2012, included within accounts payable and accrued expenses - related parties is accrued salary and payroll taxes due under the agreement of $151,766 and $97,660, respectively.
On April 15, 2011, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Aero Financial, Inc (“Aero”), a significant shareholder of the Company. Under the terms of the agreement the Company was to perform services related to business plan development, capital raising and overall management of one of Aero’s business ventures. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company was to be paid $10,000 per month for the term beginning April 1, 2011 through termination of December 31, 2011. On May 31, 2011, the agreement was terminated by the Company. The $20,000 received under the agreement has been classified as other income for the year ended March 31, 2012 on the accompanying statement of operations and comprehensive loss due to the consulting services provided not being one of the Company’s primary lines of operation.
On July 15, 2011, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Spectral Capital Corporation, whose legal counsel is a shareholder of the Company. Under the terms of the agreement the Company was paid $10,000 for services related to creating a professional presentation for the entity. The $10,000 received under the agreement has been classified as other income for the year ended March 31, 2012 on the accompanying statement of operations and comprehensive loss due to the consulting services provided not being one of the Company’s primary lines of operation.
8. Subsequent Events
On June 3, 2013, the Company issued 5,365,854 shares in connection with the conversion of $4,400 in principal on the convertible note. In addition, on June 12, 2013, the remaining principal balance of $22,700 was repaid.
On June 12, 2013, the Company sold 5,000,000 shares of common stock at $0.01 to a third party for gross proceeds of $50,000.
The Company has evaluated events subsequent to March 31, 2013 and has determined that no events, other than those disclosed above, have occurred that would materially affect the consolidated financial statements above.