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Registration
Statement No. 333-275898
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2)
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Pricing Supplement
Pricing Supplement dated December 18, 2024 to the Prospectus
dated December 20, 2023, the Prospectus Supplement dated December 20, 2023, the Underlying Supplement No. 1A dated May 16, 2024 and the
Product Supplement No. 1A dated May 16, 2024
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$750,000
Auto-Callable Contingent Coupon Barrier Notes
Linked to the Least Performing of Two Underliers,
Due December 22, 2027
Royal Bank of Canada
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Royal Bank of Canada is offering Auto-Callable
Contingent Coupon Barrier Notes (the “Notes”) linked to the performance of the least performing of the EURO STOXX®
Banks Index and the SPDR® S&P® Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF (each, an “Underlier”).
| · | Contingent Coupons — If the Notes
have not been automatically called, investors will receive a Contingent Coupon on a quarterly Coupon Payment Date at a rate of 18.10%
per annum if the closing value of each Underlier is greater than or equal to its Coupon Threshold (75% of its Initial Underlier Value)
on the immediately preceding Coupon Observation Date. You may not receive any Contingent Coupons during the term of the Notes. |
| · | Call Feature — If, on any quarterly
Call Observation Date, the closing value of each Underlier is greater than or equal to its Call Value, the Notes will be automatically
called for 100% of their principal amount plus the Contingent Coupon otherwise due. No further payments will be made on the Notes. |
| · | Contingent Return of Principal at Maturity
— If the Notes are not automatically called and the Final Underlier Value of the Least Performing Underlier is greater than or equal
to its Barrier Value (75% of its Initial Underlier Value), at maturity, investors will receive the principal amount of their Notes plus
the Contingent Coupon otherwise due. If the Notes are not automatically called and the Final Underlier Value of the Least Performing Underlier
is less than its Barrier Value, at maturity, investors will lose 1% of the principal amount of their Notes for each 1% that the Final
Underlier Value of the Least Performing Underlier is less than its Initial Underlier Value. |
| · | Any payments on the Notes are subject to our credit
risk. |
| · | The Notes will not be listed on any securities
exchange. |
CUSIP: 78017KFC1
Investing in the Notes involves a number of
risks. See “Selected Risk Considerations” beginning on page P-7 of this pricing supplement and “Risk Factors”
in the accompanying prospectus, prospectus supplement and product supplement.
None of the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the “SEC”), any state securities commission or any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of the Notes or passed
upon the adequacy or accuracy of this pricing supplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The Notes will not
constitute deposits insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other Canadian
or U.S. governmental agency or instrumentality. The Notes are not bail-inable notes and are not subject to conversion into our common
shares under subsection 39.2(2.3) of the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation Act.
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Per Note |
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Total |
Price to public(1) |
100.00% |
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$750,000 |
Underwriting discounts and commissions(1) |
1.00% |
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$7,500 |
Proceeds to Royal Bank of Canada |
99.00% |
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$742,500 |
(1) We or one of our affiliates may
pay varying selling concessions of up to $10.00 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes in connection with the distribution of the Notes
to other registered broker-dealers. Certain dealers who purchase the Notes for sale to certain fee-based advisory accounts may forgo some
or all of their underwriting discount or selling concessions. The public offering price for investors purchasing the Notes in these accounts
may be between $990.00 and $1,000.00 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes. See “Supplemental Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of
Interest)” below.
The initial estimated value of the Notes determined
by us as of the Trade Date, which we refer to as the initial estimated value, is $956.07 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes and is less
than the public offering price of the Notes. The market value of the Notes at any time will reflect many factors, cannot be predicted
with accuracy and may be less than this amount. We describe the determination of the initial estimated value in more detail below.
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| Auto-Callable Contingent Coupon Barrier Notes Linked to the Least Performing of Two Underliers |
KEY TERMS
The information in this “Key Terms”
section is qualified by any more detailed information set forth in this pricing supplement and in the accompanying prospectus, prospectus
supplement, underlying supplement and product supplement.
Issuer: |
Royal Bank of Canada |
Underwriter: |
RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“RBCCM”) |
Minimum Investment: |
$1,000 and minimum denominations of $1,000 in excess thereof |
Underliers: |
The EURO STOXX® Banks Index (the “SX7E Index”) and the SPDR® S&P® Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF (the “XOP Fund”) |
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Underlier |
Bloomberg
Ticker |
Initial Underlier Value(1) |
Call Value(1) |
Coupon
Threshold and Barrier Value(2) |
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SX7E Index |
SX7E |
144.83 |
144.83 |
108.62 |
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XOP Fund |
XOP UP |
$131.53 |
$131.53 |
$98.65 |
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(1) With respect to each Underlier, the closing value of that Underlier on the Strike Date. The Initial Underlier Value of each Underlier is not the closing value of that Underlier on the Trade Date. |
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(2) With respect to each Underlier, 75% of its Initial Underlier Value (rounded to two decimal places) |
Strike Date: |
December 17, 2024 |
Trade Date: |
December 18, 2024 |
Issue Date: |
December 23, 2024 |
Valuation Date:* |
December 17, 2027 |
Maturity Date:* |
December 22, 2027 |
Payment of Contingent Coupons: |
If the Notes have not been automatically called,
investors will receive a Contingent Coupon on a Coupon Payment Date if the closing value of each Underlier is greater than or equal
to its Coupon Threshold on the immediately preceding Coupon Observation Date.
No Contingent Coupon will be payable on a Coupon
Payment Date if the closing value of any Underlier is less than its Coupon Threshold on the immediately preceding Coupon Observation Date.
Accordingly, you may not receive a Contingent Coupon on one or more Coupon Payment Dates during the term of the Notes.
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Contingent Coupon: |
If payable, $45.25 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes (corresponding to a rate of 4.525% per quarter or 18.10% per annum) |
Call Feature: |
If, on any Call Observation Date, the closing value of each Underlier is greater than or equal to its Call Value, the Notes will be automatically called. Under these circumstances, investors will receive on the Call Settlement Date per $1,000 principal amount of Notes an amount equal to $1,000 plus the Contingent Coupon otherwise due. No further payments will be made on the Notes. |
P-2 | RBC Capital Markets, LLC |
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| Auto-Callable Contingent Coupon Barrier Notes Linked to the Least Performing of Two Underliers |
Payment at Maturity: |
If the Notes are not automatically called, investors
will receive on the Maturity Date per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, in addition to any Contingent Coupon otherwise due:
· If
the Final Underlier Value of the Least Performing Underlier is greater than or equal to its Barrier Value: $1,000
· If
the Final Underlier Value of the Least Performing Underlier is less than its Barrier Value, an amount equal to:
$1,000 + ($1,000 × Underlier
Return of the Least Performing Underlier)
If the Notes are not automatically called and
the Final Underlier Value of the Least Performing Underlier is less than its Barrier Value, you will lose a substantial portion or all
of your principal amount at maturity. All payments on the Notes are subject to our credit risk.
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Underlier Return: |
With respect to each Underlier, the Underlier Return,
expressed as a percentage, is calculated using the following formula:
Final Underlier Value – Initial Underlier
Value
Initial Underlier Value |
Final Underlier Value: |
With respect to each Underlier, the closing value of that Underlier on the Valuation Date |
Least Performing Underlier: |
The Underlier with the lowest Underlier Return |
Coupon Observation Dates:* |
Quarterly, as set forth in the table below |
Coupon Payment Dates:* |
Quarterly, as set forth in the table below |
Call Observation Dates:* |
Quarterly, on each Coupon Observation Date |
Call Settlement Date:* |
If the Notes are automatically called on any Call Observation Date, the Coupon Payment Date immediately following that Call Observation Date |
Calculation Agent: |
RBCCM |
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Coupon Observation Dates* |
Coupon Payment Dates* |
March 17, 2025 |
March 20, 2025 |
June 17, 2025 |
June 23, 2025 |
September 17, 2025 |
September 22, 2025 |
December 17, 2025 |
December 22, 2025 |
March 17, 2026 |
March 20, 2026 |
June 17, 2026 |
June 23, 2026 |
September 17, 2026 |
September 22, 2026 |
December 17, 2026 |
December 22, 2026 |
March 17, 2027 |
March 22, 2027 |
June 17, 2027 |
June 23, 2027 |
September 17, 2027 |
September 22, 2027 |
December 17, 2027 (the Valuation Date) |
December 22, 2027 (the Maturity Date) |
* Subject to postponement. See “General Terms of the Notes—Postponement
of a Determination Date” and “General Terms of the Notes—Postponement of a Payment Date” in the accompanying product
supplement.
P-3 | RBC Capital Markets, LLC |
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| Auto-Callable Contingent Coupon Barrier Notes Linked to the Least Performing of Two Underliers |
ADDITIONAL TERMS OF YOUR NOTES
You should read this pricing supplement together
with the prospectus dated December 20, 2023, as supplemented by the prospectus supplement dated December 20, 2023, relating to our Senior
Global Medium-Term Notes, Series J, of which the Notes are a part, the underlying supplement no. 1A dated May 16, 2024 and the product
supplement no. 1A dated May 16, 2024. This pricing supplement, together with these documents, contains the terms of the Notes and supersedes
all other prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials, including preliminary or indicative pricing
terms, correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, fact sheets, brochures or other educational materials
of ours.
We have not authorized anyone to provide any information
or to make any representations other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this pricing supplement and the documents listed
below. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give
you. These documents are an offer to sell only the Notes offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is
lawful to do so. The information contained in each such document is current only as of its date.
If the information in this pricing supplement differs
from the information contained in the documents listed below, you should rely on the information in this pricing supplement.
You should carefully consider, among other things,
the matters set forth in “Selected Risk Considerations” in this pricing supplement and “Risk Factors” in the documents
listed below, as the Notes involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal,
tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the Notes.
You may access these documents on the SEC website
at www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):
| · | Prospectus dated December 20, 2023: |
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299520/d645671d424b3.htm
| · | Prospectus Supplement dated December 20, 2023: |
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299523/d638227d424b3.htm
| · | Underlying Supplement No. 1A dated May 16, 2024: |
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000095010324006773/dp211259_424b2-us1a.htm
| · | Product Supplement No. 1A dated May 16, 2024: |
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000095010324006777/dp211286_424b2-ps1a.htm
Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website
is 1000275. As used in this pricing supplement, “Royal Bank of Canada,” the “Bank,” “we,” “our”
and “us” mean only Royal Bank of Canada.
P-4 | RBC Capital Markets, LLC |
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| Auto-Callable Contingent Coupon Barrier Notes Linked to the Least Performing of Two Underliers |
HYPOTHETICAL RETURNS
The table and examples set forth below illustrate
hypothetical payments at maturity for hypothetical performance of the Least Performing Underlier, based on its Coupon Threshold and Barrier
Value of 75% of its Initial Underlier Value and the Contingent Coupon of $45.25 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes. The table and
examples below also assume that the Notes are not automatically called and do not account for any Contingent Coupons that may be paid
prior to maturity. The table and examples are only for illustrative purposes and may not show the actual return applicable to investors.
Hypothetical Underlier Return of the Least Performing Underlier |
Payment at Maturity per $1,000 Principal Amount of Notes* |
Payment at Maturity as Percentage of Principal Amount* |
50.00% |
$1,045.25 |
104.525% |
40.00% |
$1,045.25 |
104.525% |
30.00% |
$1,045.25 |
104.525% |
20.00% |
$1,045.25 |
104.525% |
10.00% |
$1,045.25 |
104.525% |
5.00% |
$1,045.25 |
104.525% |
0.00% |
$1,045.25 |
104.525% |
-5.00% |
$1,045.25 |
104.525% |
-10.00% |
$1,045.25 |
104.525% |
-20.00% |
$1,045.25 |
104.525% |
-25.00% |
$1,045.25 |
104.525% |
-25.01% |
$749.90 |
74.990% |
-30.00% |
$700.00 |
70.000% |
-40.00% |
$600.00 |
60.000% |
-50.00% |
$500.00 |
50.000% |
-60.00% |
$400.00 |
40.000% |
-70.00% |
$300.00 |
30.000% |
-80.00% |
$200.00 |
20.000% |
-90.00% |
$100.00 |
10.000% |
-100.00% |
$0.00 |
0.000% |
* Including any Contingent Coupon otherwise
due
Example 1 — |
The value of the Least Performing Underlier increases from its Initial Underlier Value to its Final Underlier Value by 30%. |
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Underlier Return of the Least Performing Underlier: |
30% |
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Payment at Maturity: |
$1,000 + Contingent Coupon otherwise due = $1,000 + $45.25 = $1,045.25 |
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In this example, the payment at maturity is $1,045.25
per $1,000 principal amount of Notes.
Because the Final Underlier Value of the Least
Performing Underlier is greater than its Coupon Threshold and Barrier Value, investors receive a full return of the principal amount of
their Notes plus the Contingent Coupon otherwise due. This example illustrates that investors do not participate in any appreciation
of the Least Performing Underlier, which may be significant.
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P-5 | RBC Capital Markets, LLC |
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| Auto-Callable Contingent Coupon Barrier Notes Linked to the Least Performing of Two Underliers |
Example 2 — |
The value of the Least Performing Underlier decreases from its Initial Underlier Value to its Final Underlier Value by 10% (i.e., its Final Underlier Value is below its Initial Underlier Value but above its Coupon Threshold and Barrier Value). |
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Underlier Return of the Least Performing Underlier: |
-10% |
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Payment at Maturity: |
$1,000 + Contingent Coupon otherwise due = $1,000 + $45.25 = $1,045.25 |
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In this example, the payment at maturity is $1,045.25
per $1,000 principal amount of Notes.
Because the Final Underlier Value of the Least
Performing Underlier is greater than its Coupon Threshold and Barrier Value, investors receive a full return of the principal amount of
their Notes plus the Contingent Coupon otherwise due.
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Example 3 — |
The value of the Least Performing Underlier decreases from its Initial Underlier Value to its Final Underlier Value by 50% (i.e., its Final Underlier Value is below its Coupon Threshold and Barrier Value). |
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Underlier Return of the Least Performing Underlier: |
-50% |
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Payment at Maturity: |
$1,000 + ($1,000 × -50%) = $1,000 – $500 = $500 |
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In this example, the payment at maturity is $500
per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, representing a loss of 50% of the principal amount.
Because the Final Underlier Value of the Least
Performing Underlier is less than its Barrier Value, investors do not receive a full return of the principal amount of their Notes. In
addition, because the Final Underlier Value of the Least Performing Underlier is less than its Coupon Threshold, investors do not receive
a Contingent Coupon at maturity.
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Investors in the Notes could lose a substantial
portion or all of the principal amount of their Notes at maturity. The table and examples above assume that the Notes are not automatically
called. However, if the Notes are automatically called, investors will not receive any further payments after the Call Settlement Date.
P-6 | RBC Capital Markets, LLC |
| |
| Auto-Callable Contingent Coupon Barrier Notes Linked to the Least Performing of Two Underliers |
SELECTED RISK CONSIDERATIONS
An investment in the Notes involves significant
risks. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the Notes. Some of the risks
that apply to an investment in the Notes are summarized below, but we urge you to read also the “Risk Factors” sections of
the accompanying prospectus, prospectus supplement and product supplement. You should not purchase the Notes unless you understand and
can bear the risks of investing in the Notes.
Risks Relating to the Terms and Structure of
the Notes
| · | You May Lose a Portion or All of the Principal
Amount at Maturity — If the Notes are not automatically called and the Final Underlier Value of the Least Performing Underlier
is less than its Barrier Value, you will lose 1% of the principal amount of your Notes for each 1% that the Final Underlier Value of the
Least Performing Underlier is less than its Initial Underlier Value. You could lose a substantial portion or all of your principal amount
at maturity. |
| · | You May Not Receive Any Contingent Coupons
— We will not necessarily pay any Contingent Coupons on the Notes. If the closing value of any Underlier is less than its Coupon
Threshold on a Coupon Observation Date, we will not pay you the Contingent Coupon applicable to that Coupon Observation Date. If the closing
value of any Underlier is less than its Coupon Threshold on each of the Coupon Observation Dates, we will not pay you any Contingent Coupons
during the term of, and you will not receive a positive return on, your Notes. Generally, this non-payment of the Contingent Coupon coincides
with a greater risk of principal loss on your Notes. Even if your return is positive, your return may be less than the return you would
earn if you purchased one of our conventional senior interest-bearing debt securities. |
| · | Any Payment on the Notes Will Be Determined
Solely by the Performance of the Underlier with the Worst Performance Even If the Other Underlier Performs Better — Any payment
on the Notes will be determined solely by the performance of the Underlier with the worst performance. The Notes are not linked to a weighted
basket, in which the risk may be mitigated and diversified among each of the basket components. In the case of the Notes, the individual
performance of the Underliers will not be combined, and the adverse performance of one Underlier will not be mitigated by any appreciation
of the other Underlier. The Underliers may be uncorrelated and may not perform similarly over the term of the Notes, which may adversely
affect your return on the Notes. |
| · | You Will Not Participate in Any Appreciation
of Any Underlier, and Any Potential Return on the Notes Is Limited — The return on the Notes is limited to the Contingent Coupons,
if any, that may be payable on the Notes, regardless of any appreciation of any Underlier, which may be significant. As a result, the
return on an investment in the Notes could be less than the return on a direct investment in any Underlier. |
| · | The Notes Are Subject to an Automatic Call
— If, on any Call Observation Date, the closing value of each Underlier is greater than or equal to its Call Value, the Notes will
be automatically called, and you will not receive any further payments on the Notes. Because the Notes could be called as early as approximately
three months after the Issue Date, the total return on the Notes could be minimal. You may be unable to reinvest your proceeds from the
automatic call in an investment with a return that is as high as the return on the Notes would have been if they had not been called. |
| · | Payments on the Notes Are Subject to Our Credit
Risk, and Market Perceptions about Our Creditworthiness May Adversely Affect the Market Value of the Notes — The Notes are our
senior unsecured debt securities, and your receipt of any amounts due on the Notes is dependent upon our ability to pay our obligations
as they come due. If we were to default on our payment obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the Notes and you
could lose your entire investment. In addition, any negative changes in market perceptions about our creditworthiness may adversely affect
the market value of the Notes. |
| · | Any Payment on the Notes Will Be Determined
Based on the Closing Values of the Underliers on the Dates Specified — Any payment on the Notes will be determined based on
the closing values of the Underliers on the dates specified. You will not benefit from any more favorable values of the Underliers determined
at any other time. |
P-7 | RBC Capital Markets, LLC |
| |
| Auto-Callable Contingent Coupon Barrier Notes Linked to the Least Performing of Two Underliers |
| · | The U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of
an Investment in the Notes Are Uncertain — There is no direct legal authority regarding the proper U.S. federal income tax treatment
of the Notes, and significant aspects of the tax treatment of the Notes are uncertain. Moreover, non-U.S. investors should note that persons
having withholding responsibility in respect of the Notes may withhold on any coupon paid to a non-U.S. investor, generally at a rate
of 30%. We will not pay any additional amounts in respect of such withholding. You should review carefully the section entitled “United
States Federal Income Tax Considerations” herein, in combination with the section entitled “United States Federal Income Tax
Considerations” in the accompanying product supplement, and consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences
of an investment in the Notes. |
Risks Relating to the Initial Estimated Value
of the Notes and the Secondary Market for the Notes
| · | There May Not Be an Active Trading Market for
the Notes; Sales in the Secondary Market May Result in Significant Losses — There may be little or no secondary market for the
Notes. The Notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. RBCCM and our other affiliates may make a market for the Notes; however,
they are not required to do so and, if they choose to do so, may stop any market-making activities at any time. Because other dealers
are not likely to make a secondary market for the Notes, the price at which you may be able to trade your Notes is likely to depend on
the price, if any, at which RBCCM or any of our other affiliates is willing to buy the Notes. Even if a secondary market for the Notes
develops, it may not provide enough liquidity to allow you to easily trade or sell the Notes. We expect that transaction costs in any
secondary market would be high. As a result, the difference between bid and ask prices for your Notes in any secondary market could be
substantial. If you sell your Notes before maturity, you may have to do so at a substantial discount from the price that you paid for
them, and as a result, you may suffer significant losses. The Notes are not designed to be short-term trading instruments. Accordingly,
you should be able and willing to hold your Notes to maturity. |
| · | The Initial Estimated Value of the Notes Is
Less Than the Public Offering Price — The initial estimated value of the Notes is less than the public offering price of the
Notes and does not represent a minimum price at which we, RBCCM or any of our other affiliates would be willing to purchase the Notes
in any secondary market (if any exists) at any time. If you attempt to sell the Notes prior to maturity, their market value may be lower
than the price you paid for them and the initial estimated value. This is due to, among other things, changes in the values of the Underliers,
the internal funding rate we pay to issue securities of this kind (which is lower than the rate at which we borrow funds by issuing conventional
fixed rate debt) and the inclusion in the public offering price of the underwriting discount, our estimated profit and the estimated costs
relating to our hedging of the Notes. These factors, together with various credit, market and economic factors over the term of the Notes,
are expected to reduce the price at which you may be able to sell the Notes in any secondary market and will affect the value of the Notes
in complex and unpredictable ways. Assuming no change in market conditions or any other relevant factors, the price, if any, at which
you may be able to sell your Notes prior to maturity may be less than your original purchase price, as any such sale price would not be
expected to include the underwriting discount, our estimated profit or the hedging costs relating to the Notes. In addition, any price
at which you may sell the Notes is likely to reflect customary bid-ask spreads for similar trades. In addition to bid-ask spreads, the
value of the Notes determined for any secondary market price is expected to be based on a secondary market rate rather than the internal
funding rate used to price the Notes and determine the initial estimated value. As a result, the secondary market price will be less than
if the internal funding rate were used. |
| · | The Initial Estimated Value of the Notes Is
Only an Estimate, Calculated as of the Trade Date — The initial estimated value of the Notes is based on the value of our obligation
to make the payments on the Notes, together with the mid-market value of the derivative embedded in the terms of the Notes. See “Structuring
the Notes” below. Our estimate is based on a variety of assumptions, including our internal funding rate (which represents a discount
from our credit spreads), expectations as to dividends, interest rates and volatility and the expected term of the Notes. These assumptions
are based on certain forecasts about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. Other entities may value the Notes or similar securities
at a price that is significantly different than we do. |
The value of the Notes at any time after
the Trade Date will vary based on many factors, including changes in market conditions, and cannot be predicted with accuracy. As a result,
the actual value you would receive if you sold the Notes in any secondary market, if any, should be expected to differ materially from
the initial estimated value of the Notes.
P-8 | RBC Capital Markets, LLC |
| |
| Auto-Callable Contingent Coupon Barrier Notes Linked to the Least Performing of Two Underliers |
Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest and
Our Trading Activities
| · | Our and Our Affiliates’ Business and
Trading Activities May Create Conflicts of Interest — You should make your own independent investigation of the merits of investing
in the Notes. Our and our affiliates’ economic interests are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the Notes due
to our and our affiliates’ business and trading activities, and we and our affiliates have no obligation to consider your interests
in taking any actions that might affect the value of the Notes. Trading by us and our affiliates may adversely affect the values of the
Underliers and the market value of the Notes. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest” in the accompanying
product supplement. |
| · | RBCCM’s Role as Calculation Agent May
Create Conflicts of Interest — As Calculation Agent, our affiliate, RBCCM, will determine any values of the Underliers and make
any other determinations necessary to calculate any payments on the Notes. In making these determinations, the Calculation Agent may be
required to make discretionary judgments, including those described under “—Risks Relating to the Underliers” below.
In making these discretionary judgments, the economic interests of the Calculation Agent are potentially adverse to your interests as
an investor in the Notes, and any of these determinations may adversely affect any payments on the Notes. The Calculation Agent will have
no obligation to consider your interests as an investor in the Notes in making any determinations with respect to the Notes. |
Risks Relating to the Underliers
| · | You Will Not Have Any Rights to the XOP Fund
or the Securities Composing Any Underlier — As an investor in the Notes, you will not have voting rights or rights to receive
dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the XOP Fund or the securities composing any Underlier. The SX7E
Index is a price return index and its return does not reflect regular cash dividends paid by its components. |
| · | The XOP Fund and the Underlying Index Are Different
— The performance of the XOP Fund will not exactly replicate the performance of the Underlying Index (as defined below). The XOP
Fund is subject to management risk, which is the risk that the investment strategy for the XOP Fund, the implementation of which is subject
to a number of constraints, may not produce the intended results. The XOP Fund’s investment adviser may have the right to use a
portion of the XOP Fund’s assets to invest in securities or other assets or instruments, including derivatives, that are not included
in the Underlying Index. In addition, unlike the Underlying Index, the XOP Fund will reflect transaction costs and fees that will reduce
its performance relative to the Underlying Index. |
The performance of the XOP Fund may
diverge significantly from the performance of the Underlying Index due to differences in trading hours between the XOP Fund and the securities
composing the Underlying Index or other circumstances. During periods of market volatility, the component securities held by the XOP Fund
may be unavailable in the secondary market, market participants may be unable to calculate accurately the intraday net asset value per
share of the XOP Fund and the liquidity of the XOP Fund may be adversely affected. This kind of market volatility may also disrupt the
ability of market participants to create and redeem shares in the XOP Fund. Further, market volatility may adversely affect, sometimes
materially, the prices at which market participants are willing to buy and sell shares of the XOP Fund. As a result, under these circumstances,
the market value of the XOP Fund may vary substantially from the net asset value per share of the XOP Fund.
| · | The Equity Securities
Composing the SX7E Index Are Concentrated in the Banking Industry —
All or substantially all of the equity securities composing the SX7E Index are issued by companies
whose primary line of business is directly associated with the banking industry. As a result, the value of the Notes may be subject to
greater volatility and may be more adversely affected by a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence affecting this industry
than a different investment linked to securities of a more broadly diversified group of issuers. Banking companies are subject
to extensive government regulation, which may limit both the amounts and types of loans and other financial commitments they can make,
the interest rates, fees and prices they can charge, the scope of their activities and the amount of capital they must maintain. Profitability
is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital funds, and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change or due
to increased competition. In addition, deterioration of the credit markets generally may cause an adverse impact in a broad range of markets,
including U.S. and international credit and interbank money markets generally, thereby affecting a wide range of financial institutions
and markets. Credit losses resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers and financial losses associated with investment activities
can negatively |
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impact the banking industry. Changes
in government regulation and oversight of financial institutions may have an adverse effect on the financial condition of a financial
institution.
| · | The Equity Securities
Composing the XOP Fund Are Concentrated in the Oil and Gas Industry — All or substantially all of the equity securities composing
the XOP Fund are issued by companies whose primary business is directly associated with the oil and gas industry. As a result, the value
of the Notes may be subject to greater volatility and may be more adversely affected by a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence
affecting this industry than a different investment linked to securities of a more broadly diversified group of issuers. The oil and gas
industry is significantly affected by a number of factors that influence worldwide economic conditions and oil and gas prices, such as
natural disasters, supply disruptions, geopolitical events and other factors that may offset or magnify each other, including: worldwide
and domestic supplies of, and demand for, crude oil and natural gas; the cost of exploring for, developing, producing, refining and marketing
crude oil and natural gas; consumer confidence; changes in weather patterns and climatic changes; the ability of the members of Organization
of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and other producing nations to agree to and maintain production levels; the worldwide military
and political environment, uncertainty or instability resulting from an escalation or additional outbreak of armed hostilities or further
acts of terrorism in the United States, or elsewhere; the price and availability of alternative and competing fuels; domestic and foreign
government regulations and taxes; employment levels and job growth; and general economic conditions worldwide. |
| · | The Notes Are Subject to Risks Relating to
Non-U.S. Securities Markets with Respect to the SX7E Index — The equity securities composing the SX7E Index are issued by non-U.S.
companies in non-U.S. securities markets. Investments in securities linked to the value of such non-U.S. equity securities involve risks
associated with the securities markets in the home countries of the issuers of those non-U.S. equity securities, including risks of volatility
in those markets, governmental intervention in those markets and cross shareholdings in companies in certain countries. Also, there is
generally less publicly available information about companies in some of these jurisdictions than there is about U.S. companies that are
subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC, and generally non-U.S. companies are subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting
standards and requirements and securities trading rules different from those applicable to U.S. reporting companies. The prices of securities
in non-U.S. markets may be affected by political, economic, financial and social factors in those countries, or global regions, including
changes in government, economic and fiscal policies and currency exchange laws. |
| · | The Notes Do Not Provide Direct Exposure to
Fluctuations in Exchange Rates between the U.S. Dollar and the Euro with Respect to the SX7E Index — The SX7E Index is composed
of non-U.S. securities denominated in euros. Because the value of the SX7E Index is also calculated in euros (and not in U.S. dollars),
the performance of the SX7E Index will not be adjusted for exchange rate fluctuations between the U.S. dollar and the euro. In addition,
any payments on the Notes determined based in part on the performance of the SX7E Index will not be adjusted for exchange rate fluctuations
between the U.S. dollar and the euro. Therefore, holders of the Notes will not benefit from any appreciation of the euro relative to the
U.S. dollar. |
| · | We May Accelerate the Notes If a Change-in-Law
Event Occurs — Upon the occurrence of legal or regulatory changes that may, among other things, prohibit or otherwise materially
restrict persons from holding the Notes or an Underlier or its components, or engaging in transactions in them, the Calculation Agent
may determine that a change-in-law-event has occurred and accelerate the Maturity Date for a payment determined by the Calculation Agent
in its sole discretion. Any amount payable upon acceleration could be significantly less than any amount that would be due on the Notes
if they were not accelerated. However, if the Calculation Agent elects not to accelerate the Notes, the value of, and any amount payable
on, the Notes could be adversely affected, perhaps significantly, by the occurrence of such legal or regulatory changes. See “General
Terms of Notes—Change-in-Law Events” in the accompanying product supplement. |
| · | Any Payment on the Notes May Be Postponed and
Adversely Affected by the Occurrence of a Market Disruption Event — The timing and amount of any payment on the Notes is subject
to adjustment upon the occurrence of a market disruption event affecting an Underlier. If a market disruption event persists for a sustained
period, the Calculation Agent may make a discretionary determination of the closing value of any affected Underlier. See “General
Terms of the Notes—Indices—Market Disruption Events,” “General Terms of the Notes—Reference Stocks and Funds—Market
|
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| Auto-Callable Contingent Coupon Barrier Notes Linked to the Least Performing of Two Underliers |
Disruption Events,” “General
Terms of the Notes—Postponement of a Determination Date” and “General Terms of the Notes—Postponement of a Payment
Date” in the accompanying product supplement.
| · | Adjustments to the XOP Fund or to the Underlying
Index Could Adversely Affect Any Payments on the Notes — The investment adviser of the XOP Fund may add, remove or substitute
the component securities held by the XOP Fund or make changes to its investment strategy, and the sponsor of the Underlying Index may
add, delete, substitute or adjust the securities composing the Underlying Index, may make other methodological changes to the Underlying
Index that could affect its performance or may discontinue or suspend calculation and publication of the Underlying Index. Any of these
actions could adversely affect the value of the XOP Fund and, consequently, the value of the Notes. |
| · | Adjustments to the SX7E Index Could Adversely
Affect Any Payments on the Notes — The sponsor of the SX7E Index may add, delete, substitute or adjust the securities composing
the SX7E Index or make other methodological changes to the SX7E Index that could affect its performance. The Calculation Agent will calculate
the value to be used as the closing value of the SX7E Index in the event of certain material changes in, or modifications to, the SX7E
Index. In addition, the sponsor of the SX7E Index may also discontinue or suspend calculation or publication of the SX7E Index at any
time. Under these circumstances, the Calculation Agent may select a successor index that the Calculation Agent determines to be comparable
to the SX7E Index or, if no successor index is available, the Calculation Agent will determine the value to be used as the closing value
of the SX7E Index. Any of these actions could adversely affect the value of the SX7E Index and, consequently, the value of the Notes.
See “General Terms of the Notes—Indices—Discontinuation of, or Adjustments to, an Index” in the accompanying product
supplement. |
| · | Anti-dilution Protection Is Limited, and the
Calculation Agent Has Discretion to Make Anti-dilution Adjustments — The Calculation Agent may in its sole discretion make adjustments
affecting any amounts payable on the Notes upon the occurrence of certain events with respect to the XOP Fund that the Calculation Agent
determines have a diluting or concentrative effect on the theoretical value of the XOP Fund. However, the Calculation Agent might not
make adjustments in response to all such events that could affect the XOP Fund. The occurrence of any such event and any adjustment made
by the Calculation Agent (or a determination by the Calculation Agent not to make any adjustment) may adversely affect the market price
of, and any amounts payable on, the Notes. See “General Terms of the Notes—Reference Stocks and Funds—Anti-dilution
Adjustments” in the accompanying product supplement. |
| · | Reorganization or Other Events Could Adversely
Affect the Value of the Notes or Result in the Notes Being Accelerated — If the XOP Fund is delisted or terminated, the Calculation
Agent may select a successor fund. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain reorganization or other events affecting the XOP Fund,
the Calculation Agent may make adjustments that result in payments on the Notes being based on the performance of (i) cash, securities
of another issuer and/or other property distributed to holders of the XOP Fund upon the occurrence of that event or (ii) in the case of
a reorganization event in which only cash is distributed to holders of the XOP Fund, a substitute security, if the Calculation Agent elects
to select one. Any of these actions could adversely affect the value of the XOP Fund and, consequently, the value of the Notes. Alternatively,
the Calculation Agent may accelerate the Maturity Date for a payment determined by the Calculation Agent. Any amount payable upon acceleration
could be significantly less than any amount that would be due on the Notes if they were not accelerated. However, if the Calculation Agent
elects not to accelerate the Notes, the value of, and any amount payable on, the Notes could be adversely affected, perhaps significantly.
See “General Terms of the Notes—Reference Stocks and Funds—Anti-dilution Adjustments—Reorganization Events”
and “General Terms of the Notes—Reference Stocks and Funds—Discontinuation of, or Adjustments to, a Fund” in the
accompanying product supplement. |
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| Auto-Callable Contingent Coupon Barrier Notes Linked to the Least Performing of Two Underliers |
INFORMATION REGARDING THE UNDERLIERS
The SX7E Index is a free float market capitalization-weighted
index that includes the stocks composing the STOXX® Europe 600 Index issued by banking sector companies from Eurozone countries.
The STOXX® Europe 600 Index is composed of 600 of the largest European stocks by free float market capitalization. For
more information about the SX7E Index, see “Indices—The STOXX Benchmark Indices” in the accompanying underlying supplement.
According to publicly available information, the
XOP Fund is an exchange-traded fund of the SPDR® Series Trust, a registered investment company, that seeks to provide investment
results that, before fees and expenses, correspond generally to the total return performance of the S&P® Oil &
Gas Exploration & Production Select IndustryTM Index (the “Underlying Index”). The Underlying Index is a modified
equal-weighted index that is designed to measure the performance of the following GICS® sub-industries of the S&P Total
Market Index: integrated oil and gas; oil and gas exploration and production; and oil and gas refining and marketing. For more information
about the XOP Fund, see “Exchange-Traded Funds—The SPDR® S&P® Industry ETFs” in the
accompanying underlying supplement.
Historical Information
The following graphs set forth historical closing
values of the Underliers for the period from January 1, 2014 to December 17, 2024. Each red line represents the Coupon Threshold and Barrier
Value of the relevant Underlier. We obtained the information in the graphs from Bloomberg Financial Markets, without independent investigation.
We cannot give you assurance that the performance of the Underliers will result in the return of all of your initial investment.
EURO STOXX® Banks Index
PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE
RESULTS.
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| Auto-Callable Contingent Coupon Barrier Notes Linked to the Least Performing of Two Underliers |
SPDR® S&P® Oil
& Gas Exploration & Production ETF
PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE
RESULTS.
P-13 | RBC Capital Markets, LLC |
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| Auto-Callable Contingent Coupon Barrier Notes Linked to the Least Performing of Two Underliers |
UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME
TAX CONSIDERATIONS
You should review carefully the section in the
accompanying product supplement entitled “United States Federal Income Tax Considerations.” The following discussion, when
read in combination with that section, constitutes the full opinion of our counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, regarding the material
U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of the Notes.
Generally, this discussion assumes that you purchased
the Notes for cash in the original issuance at the stated issue price and does not address other circumstances specific to you, including
consequences that may arise due to any other investments relating to the Underliers. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the
effect any such circumstances may have on the U.S. federal income tax consequences of your ownership of a Note.
In the opinion of our counsel, it is reasonable
to treat the Notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes as prepaid financial contracts with associated coupons, and any coupons as ordinary
income, as described in the section entitled “United States Federal Income Tax Considerations—Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders—Notes
Treated as Prepaid Financial Contracts with Associated Coupons” in the accompanying product supplement. There is uncertainty regarding
this treatment, and the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or a court might not agree with it. A different tax treatment
could be adverse to you.
We do not plan to request a ruling from the IRS
regarding the treatment of the Notes. An alternative characterization of the Notes could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences
of ownership and disposition of the Notes, including the timing and character of income recognized. In addition, the U.S. Treasury Department
and the IRS have requested comments on various issues regarding the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts”
and similar financial instruments and have indicated that such transactions may be the subject of future regulations or other guidance.
Furthermore, members of Congress have proposed legislative changes to the tax treatment of derivative contracts. Any legislation, Treasury
regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences
of an investment in the Notes, possibly with retroactive effect.
Non-U.S. Holders. The U.S. federal income
tax treatment of the coupons is unclear. To the extent that we have withholding responsibility in respect of the Notes, we would expect
generally to treat the coupons as subject to U.S. withholding tax. Moreover, you should expect that, if the applicable withholding agent
determines that withholding tax should apply, it will be at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). In order to claim an exemption from,
or a reduction in, the 30% withholding under an applicable treaty, you may need to comply with certification requirements to establish
that you are not a U.S. person and are eligible for such an exemption or reduction under an applicable tax treaty. You should consult
your tax adviser regarding the tax treatment of the coupons.
As discussed under “United States Federal
Income Tax Considerations—Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders—Dividend Equivalents under Section 871(m) of the Code”
in the accompanying product supplement, Section 871(m) of the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section
871(m)”) generally impose a 30% withholding tax on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to
certain financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. The Treasury regulations, as modified by
an IRS notice, exempt financial instruments issued prior to January 1, 2027 that do not have a “delta” of one. Based on certain
determinations made by us, our counsel is of the opinion that Section 871(m) should not apply to the Notes with regard to Non-U.S. Holders.
Our determination is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this determination.
We will not be required to pay any additional amounts
with respect to U.S. federal withholding taxes.
You should consult your tax adviser regarding the
U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Notes, including possible alternative treatments, as well as tax consequences
arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.
P-14 | RBC Capital Markets, LLC |
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| Auto-Callable Contingent Coupon Barrier Notes Linked to the Least Performing of Two Underliers |
SUPPLEMENTAL PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
(CONFLICTS OF INTEREST)
The Notes are offered initially to investors at
a purchase price equal to par, except with respect to certain accounts as indicated on the cover page of this pricing supplement. We or
one of our affiliates may pay the underwriting discount as set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement.
The value of the Notes shown on your account statement
may be based on RBCCM’s estimate of the value of the Notes if RBCCM or another of our affiliates were to make a market in the Notes
(which it is not obligated to do). That estimate will be based on the price that RBCCM may pay for the Notes in light of then-prevailing
market conditions, our creditworthiness and transaction costs. For a period of approximately six months after the Issue Date, the value
of the Notes that may be shown on your account statement may be higher than RBCCM’s estimated value of the Notes at that time. This
is because the estimated value of the Notes will not include the underwriting discount or our hedging costs and profits; however, the
value of the Notes shown on your account statement during that period may initially be a higher amount, reflecting the addition of the
underwriting discount and our estimated costs and profits from hedging the Notes. This excess is expected to decrease over time until
the end of this period. After this period, if RBCCM repurchases your Notes, it expects to do so at prices that reflect their estimated
value.
RBCCM or another of its affiliates or agents may
use this pricing supplement in the initial sale of the Notes. In addition, RBCCM or another of our affiliates may use this pricing supplement
in a market-making transaction in the Notes after their initial sale. Unless we or our agent informs the purchaser otherwise in
the confirmation of sale, this pricing supplement is being used in a market-making transaction.
For additional information about the settlement
cycle of the Notes, see “Plan of Distribution” in the accompanying prospectus. For additional information as to the relationship
between us and RBCCM, see the section “Plan of Distribution—Conflicts of Interest” in the accompanying prospectus.
STRUCTURING THE NOTES
The Notes are our debt securities. As is the case
for all of our debt securities, including our structured notes, the economic terms of the Notes reflect our actual or perceived creditworthiness.
In addition, because structured notes result in increased operational, funding and liability management costs to us, we typically borrow
the funds under structured notes at a rate that is lower than the rate that we might pay for a conventional fixed or floating rate debt
security of comparable maturity. The lower internal funding rate, the underwriting discount and the hedging-related costs relating to
the Notes reduce the economic terms of the Notes to you and result in the initial estimated value for the Notes being less than their
public offering price. Unlike the initial estimated value, any value of the Notes determined for purposes of a secondary market transaction
may be based on a secondary market rate, which may result in a lower value for the Notes than if our initial internal funding rate were
used.
In order to satisfy our payment obligations under
the Notes, we may choose to enter into certain hedging arrangements (which may include call options, put options or other derivatives)
with RBCCM and/or one of our other subsidiaries. The terms of these hedging arrangements take into account a number of factors, including
our creditworthiness, interest rate movements, volatility and the tenor of the Notes. The economic terms of the Notes and the initial
estimated value depend in part on the terms of these hedging arrangements.
See “Selected Risk Considerations—Risks
Relating to the Initial Estimated Value of the Notes and the Secondary Market for the Notes—The Initial Estimated Value of the Notes
Is Less Than the Public Offering Price” above.
VALIDITY OF THE NOTES
In the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright Canada
LLP, as Canadian counsel to the Bank, the issue and sale of the Notes has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the
Bank in conformity with the indenture, and when the Notes have been duly executed, authenticated and issued in accordance with the indenture
and delivered against payment therefor, the Notes will be validly issued and, to the extent validity of the Notes is a matter governed
by the laws of the Province of Ontario or Québec, or the federal laws of Canada applicable therein, will be valid obligations of
the Bank, subject
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to the following limitations: (i) the enforceability
of the indenture may be limited by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation Act (Canada), the Winding-up and Restructuring Act (Canada)
and bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, receivership, moratorium, arrangement or winding-up laws or other similar laws of general
application affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally; (ii) the enforceability of the indenture is subject to general
equitable principles, including the principle that the availability of equitable remedies, such as specific performance and injunction,
may only be granted at the discretion of a court of competent jurisdiction; (iii) under applicable limitations statutes generally, including
that the enforceability of the indenture will be subject to the limitations contained in the Limitations Act, 2002 (Ontario), and such
counsel expresses no opinion as to whether a court may find any provision of the indenture to be unenforceable as an attempt to vary or
exclude a limitation period under such applicable limitations statutes; (iv) rights to indemnity and contribution under the Notes or the
indenture which may be limited by applicable law; and (v) courts in Canada are precluded from giving a judgment in any currency other
than the lawful money of Canada and such judgment may be based on a rate of exchange in existence on a day other than the day of payment,
as prescribed by the Currency Act (Canada). This opinion is given as of the date hereof and is limited to the laws of the Provinces of
Ontario and Québec and the federal laws of Canada applicable therein. In addition, this opinion is subject to customary assumptions
about the trustee’s authorization, execution and delivery of the indenture and the genuineness of signatures and to such counsel’s
reliance on the Bank and other sources as to certain factual matters, all as stated in the opinion letter of such counsel dated December
20, 2023, which has been filed as Exhibit 5.3 to the Bank’s Form 6-K filed with the SEC dated December 20, 2023.
In the opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP,
as special United States products counsel to the Bank, when the Notes offered by this pricing supplement have been issued by the Bank
pursuant to the indenture, the trustee has made, in accordance with the indenture, the appropriate notation to the master note evidencing
such Notes (the “master note”), and such Notes have been delivered against payment as contemplated herein, such Notes will
be valid and binding obligations of the Bank, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency
and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability
(including, without limitation, concepts of good faith, fair dealing and the lack of bad faith) and possible judicial or regulatory actions
or applications giving effect to governmental actions or foreign laws affecting creditors’ rights, provided that such counsel
expresses no opinion as to (i) the enforceability of any waiver of rights under any usury or stay law or (ii) the effect of fraudulent
conveyance, fraudulent transfer or similar provision of applicable law on the conclusions expressed above. This opinion is given as of
the date hereof and is limited to the laws of the State of New York. Insofar as the foregoing opinion involves matters governed by the
laws of the Provinces of Ontario and Québec and the federal laws of Canada, you have received, and we understand that you are relying
upon, the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP, Canadian counsel for the Bank, set forth above. In addition, this opinion is subject
to customary assumptions about the trustee’s authorization, execution and delivery of the indenture and the authentication of the
master note and the validity, binding nature and enforceability of the indenture with respect to the trustee, all as stated in the opinion
of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP dated May 16, 2024, which has been filed as an exhibit to the Bank’s Form 6-K filed with the SEC
on May 16, 2024.
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424B2
EX-FILING FEES
0001000275
333-275898
0001000275
2024-12-20
2024-12-20
iso4217:USD
xbrli:pure
xbrli:shares
Ex-Filing Fees
CALCULATION OF FILING FEE TABLES
F-3
ROYAL BANK OF CANADA
Narrative Disclosure
The maximum aggregate offering price of the securities to which the prospectus relates
is $750,000.
The prospectus is a final prospectus for the related
offering(s).
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